INDEX
Abba• the Great. Shah of Persia, 380--1 Africa, South, rat's hair as a charm In, 41; Abbot of Unreason. 768 continence in war in. 279; seclusion of Abchases of the Caucasus, 700 man-slayers in, 282-3; disposal of cut Abduction of souls by demons, 245 bair and nails in, 309-10 ; magic use of Absence and recall of the soul, 237 spittle in, 312-13; personal names tabooed Abstinence. i79-82 in, 325; rites of initiation in, 652; seclusion Abydos, 482; specially associated with of girls at puberty in, 780; dread of Osiris, 484 menstruous women in, 791-2; story of the Abeokuta. the Alake of, 388-9 external soul in, 886-7 Abipones of Paraguay, 335 -, West, magical functions of chiefs In, Abonsam. an evil spirit, 727-8 111-12; reverence for silk-cotton trees in. Abruzzi. the Carnival in the. 399-400 148; kings forced to accept office In, 232; Abscesses, cure for. 707 fetish kings in, 234: traps set for souls in, Abyssinia, rain~making in, 86; rain-makina 247; purification after a journey in. 260; priests on the borders of, 141-2 custom as to blood shed on the ground, Acagchemem tribe of California, 655 302; rain-charms. 309; negroes of, 312; Acaill, Book of, 360 human sacrifices In, 569, 746-7; pro Acosta, J. de, 769 Pitiation of dead leopard in, 685-6; the Acts, tabooed, 256--66 external soul in. 895-6: ritual of death and Adam of Bremen, 212 resurrection in, 913 Adon, a Semitic title. 428 Afterbirth, contagious magic of, Sl-3 Adonis, and Aphrodite (Venus), 9-11.431-3; Agar Dinka, the, 355-6 the myth of, 426-31; in Syria, 431-3; Agaric, superstitions as to. 809 In Cyprus, 433-41; ritual of, 441-8; the Agdestis, a man-monster, 460 gardens of. 449-57; in relation to the Age of magic, 71-4 pig, 619 Agni, Indian lire-god, 926 Adonis, the river, 431-2. 442 Agricultural year* expulsion of demons timed Adoption, pretence of birth at, 19-20 to coincide with seasons of the. 753 Adultery of wife thought to spoil the luck of Agrionia, festival at Orchomenus, 384 absent husband, 30-32 Agu, Mount* in Togo, wind-fetish on, 107: Aegira. priestess of Earth at. 124 fetish priest on, 224 Aegis. Athena and the, 627 Ague, cure for, 715-16 Aeneas, and the Golden Bough, 3, 216, 920, Aht or Nootka Indians. 785 925 ; his vision of the glories of Rome, 196 Ainos, 632, 651, 675-9, 693, 694, 697-8; of Aeolus, King of the Winds, 107 Japan, 332, 662-5, 864; of Saghalien, 27, Aesculapius, 6, 146, 397 668-9 Afghanistan, ceremony at the reception of Akikuyu of Britlsh East Africa, 191, 792 strangers in, 259 Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp, Roman Africa, magicians, especially rain-makers. version of, 878 as chiefs and kings in, 111-14; human Alake, the, of Abeokuta, 388-9 gods in, 128-30; rules of life or taboos ob Alaska. respect of hunters for dead sables served by kings in. 223-7; reluctance of and bears in, 688; expulsion of evils in, people to tell their own names in, 325; 723; seclusion of girls at puberty in, 78tr1 seclusion of girls at puberty in, 780; Alba Longa, 196; kings of, 196-7 dread and seclusion of menstruous Alban dynasty, 196; hills, 196; lake, 196; women in, 791-2; birth-trees in, 892 mountain, 197-8, 221 Africa, British Central, heart of lion eaten Albania, milk-stones in, 44: mock lamen to make eater brave in, 650 tations for locusts and beetles in. 697; --. East, seclusion and purification of expulsion of Kore on Easter Eve in, 734: man-slayers in, 282-3; infanticide in, 386; the Yule log in, 83S propitiation of dead lions in, 685 Albanians of the Caucasus, 331, 748 --. North, charms to render bridegroom Albigenses worshipped each other, 133 impotent in, 318; Midsummer fires in, Alchemy leads up to chemistry, 121 826-7 Aleuts of Alaska, 291 935 936 Index Alexandria, festival of Adonis at, 441 Anhouri, Egyptian god, 349 Alexandrian calendar, 492: year, 491 Animal, killing the divine, 654-79; and man, Alfai, rain-making priest, 141 •ympathetic relation between, 916 Alfoors, of the island of Buru, 329; of Animals, homoeopathlc magic or. 40; Central Celebes, 238, 903 ; of Halmahera, association of Ideas common to the, 71; 719; of Minahassa, 124, 245-6, 632, 646; rain-making by means of, 94; injured ofPoso, 326 through their shadows, 251 ; propitiation Algeria, Midsummer fires In, 827 of the spirits of slain, 286, 290; torn to Algidus, Mount, 198, 216 pieces and devoured in religious rites. Algonquins, 190 514-15; so-called unclean,orlginally sacred, All-healer, name applied to mistletoe, 862-6 619; belief In the descent of men from, All Saints' Day, 830-2 621; resurrection of, 677, 693-4; wild, All Souls, feast of, 474 propitiation of, 679-97; two forms of the Allan, 1ohn Hay, on the Hays of Errol, 919- worship of, 698; processions with sacred, 20 702 ; transference of evil to, 708-11 ; as Allatu, Babylonian goddess, 429, 431 scapegoats, 708, 740-4, 747, 754; burnt at All-Hallows (All Saints' Day), 228 festivals, 858-9; perhaps deemed em Almond, causes virgin to conceive, 457 : bodiments of witches, 860-1; external soul the father of all thi!lllli, 457 In, 894-905 Alpheus, the sacred, 145 Animism, the Buddhist, not a philosophical Alqamar, tribe of nomads, 84 theory, 147; passing Into polytheism, 154 Alsace, May-trees in, 160; the Little May Anjea, mythical being, 52 Rose in, 165; stuffed goat or fox at Anna Kuari, an Oraon goddess, 570 threshing in, 600; cats burnt in Easter Annam, ceremonies observed when a whale bonfires in, 859 is washed ashore In, 294 Altmark. the May Bride at Whitsuntide Anointing stones, in order to avert bullets in the, 178; Easter bonfires In the, 805-6 from absent warriors, 34; in a rain-charm, Alvarado, Pedro de, Spanish general, 899- 99-100 900 Anointment, of weapon which caused wound, Amaxosa Caffres, 685 54 ; of priest at installation, 230 Amazon, Indians at the mouth of the, 761 Anthropomorphism of the SIJirits of nature. Amboyna, rice in bloom treated like a 556 pregnant woman, 151 ; ceremony to Antigonus, King, 127 fertilise clove-trees In, 180 ; fear to lose Antioch, festival of Adonis at, 443, 456 the shadow at noon in, 252 ; sick people Antrim, harvest customs in, 532 sprinkled with pungent spices 1in, 258; Ants, bites of, used in purificatory cere.. superstition regarding hair in, 891 monies, 258, 788; for lethargic patients, America, power of medicine men in North, 651 115; continence in Central, 182; the Anubis, the jackal-headed god, 482-3, 493 Corn Mother In, 542; personification of Anula tribe of Northern Australia, 84, 94, maize in North, 552; first-fruit cere 907 monies in, 638-9 Apaches, the, 100, 278 American Indians, 38, 83, 108, 115, 147, 179, Apalal Indians, 258 182, 282, 322, 324, 332, 333, 337, 348, 684- Ape, a Batak totem, 904 5. See also North American Indians Aphrodite, 6; and Adonis, 9, 430, 441; the Amethysts as charms, 44, 112 mourning, of the Lebanon, 433 ; sanctuary Ammon, the god, 187, 627, 656 of, 434 ; and Clnyras and Pygmalion, Amoy, spirits who draw away the souls of 437-8; her blood dyes white roses red, children at, 245 442 Amphictyon, king of Athens, 204 Apls, sacred Egyptian bull, 442,481, 625,657 Amulets, 143, 319, 321, 890 Apollo, prophetess of, 125 ; image of, In Amulius Silvius, 196 sacred cave at Hylae, 125; and Artemis, Anabis, human god at, 127 !58; at Delphi, 349; his musical con Anaitis, Persian goddess, 436 test with Marsyas, 466 ; Identified with Anatomle of Abuses, 161 the Celtic Grannus, 801 Ancestor, wooden image of, 889 Apollo Diradiotes, inspired priestess at Ancestors, prayers to, 93; sacrifices to, 9S; temple of, 124 souls of, in trees, 151; names of, bestowed Apologies offered to trees, 149, 151, 153; by on their reincarnations, 337 savages to the animals they kill, 682, 686 Ancus Marcius, Roman king, 209 Apoyaos, head-hunters, 570 Andaman Islanders, 253 Apple-tree, barren women roll under, to Anderida, forest of, 144 obtain offspring, 157; straw man plaoed Andes, the Peruvian, 104 ; the Colombian, on oldest, 613; torches thrown at, 800; 137 as life-Index of boy, 893 Anemone, the scarlet, 442 Arab charms, 41, 319; name for the scarlet Angamis, Eastern, of Manipur, 84 anemone, 442 Angola, the Matiamvo of, 357 Arabia, belief as to shadows In ancient, Angonl, the, 95, 282 251 ; camel as scapegoat In, 709 Angoniland, rain-making In, 83 Arabian Nights, story of the external soul Angoy, king of, 360 In the, 883 Index 937
Ar~~·· or Moab, 42, 497; or North Africa, Athena and the a•gls, 626 Athenian sacrifice of the bou11hotrla, 612 Araucanians of South Am<:"rica, 323 Athenians decree divine honours to Archigallus, high priest or Attis, 459, 465 Demetrius Poliorcetes and his father Arctic regions. ceremonies at the reappear* Antigonus, 127: prayed to Zeus for rain. ance of the sun in the. 723 210; their tribute of youths and maidens Arden, forest of, 144 to Minos, 369; sacrifice to Dionysus for Ardennes. effigies of Carnival in the, 401: the fruits of the land, 5 10 ; their use of exorcising rats, in the, 696; bonfires on the human scapegoats, 758 first Sunday in Lent, 798, 859; Lenten Athens, king and queen at, 12; titular kina fires and customs in the French, 799 at. 140; marriage of Dionysus at. 187; Aricia, 1-3; many Manii at, 7, 644-5; its female kinship at, 204; sacred spots struck distance from the sanctuary, 140; the by lightning at, 210; the Commemoration priest of, 763, 775-6, 920 of the Dead at. 448 ; Dionysus of the Black Arician grove, 6, 8, 396, 627-9, 645, 763, 921 Goatskin at. 514; annual sacrifice of a Arizona, aridity of, 100 goat on the Acropolis of. 626: fever Armenia, rain-making in, 92-3; cut hair, transferred to pillar at, 715 nails, and extracted teeth preserved in, Atonement, Jewish Day of, 746 311 ; sacred prostitution of girls before Attica. summer festival of Adonis in, 442: marriage in, 436 Flowery Dionysus in, 510; time of thresh Arrows, in homoeopathic magic, 38: in ing in, 612; killing an ox formerly a contagious magic, 54; fire-tipped, shot capital crime in, 613 at sun during an eclipse, 102; shot as a Attis, and Cybele, 5, 6, II ; myth and ritual rain-charm, 130 of. 457-65: as a god of vegetation, Arsacid house, divinity of Parthian kings 463--4; human representatives of, 465-8; of the, 137 . his relation to Lityerses, 579; killed by a Art, sylvan deities in classical, 155 boar, 619 Artemis, 138, 185, 186; and Hippolytus, Augustine, 472, 503 6-10: and Apollo, 158; of Ephesus, 186, Augustus as a ruler, 61 460: at Perga, 435: the Hanged. 468 Aun or On, king of Sweden, 367, 381 Aru Islands, custom of not sleeping after a Aurelia Aemi1ia, a sacred harlot, 436 death in the, 240; dog's flesh eaten to make Australia. magical ceremonies in, 22: eater brave, 651 charms ln. 41 ; contagious magic in, 49. Arunta of Central Australia, 22, 790 51. 55, 51. 58; magic practised but religion Arval Brothers, 296, 757 nearly unknown in aboriginal, 72; rain Aryan god of thunder, 835 making in, 84, 85, 94, 99; detaining the Aryans, magical ()Owers ascribed to kings, sun or hastening Its descent in, 1OS: dust 117; in Europe, 145, 209, 213, 215, 860, columns thought to be spirits in, 108; 870; descent of kingship through women, government of old men in aboriginal, 109: 205; of ancient India, 643; their use of the ceremony observed at approaching the sacred oak·wood. 872; stories of the camp of another tribe, 260; totemism in. external soul, 875; reverence for the oak, 698; annual expulsion of ghosts in, 722; 927 dread and seclusion of women at men Ascension Day, 411, 919 struation in. 790; initiation of young men Ascetic idealism of the East, 183 in, 906 Ash·tree in popular cures, 715, 893 --. Central. magical ceremonies for the Ash Wednesday, 397, 401-2, 606, 804 supply of food in. 22: charm to promote Ashantees, 653 the growth of beards in. 41 ; contagious Ashes, in magic, 39--41, 94, 100; or human magic of wounds in. 55; headmen of victims scattered on fields, 498-500, 569, totem clans pub1ic magicians in. 110; 574-6, 582-3; of bonfires, use of, 800; concealment of personal names in. 322: 806, 813. 832, 845-6; of Midsummer avoidance of the names of the dead in. fires, 820, 824, 827; of the Yule log, 834; 332; magical rites for the revival of nature or the need-fire, 838 In, 425; expelling the devil in, 718 Asia Minor, pontiffs in, 12; human scape --. Northern. homoeopathic magic of goats in, 759 flesh diet in, 651 Asongtata, annual ceremony performed by --. South~eastern, contagious magic of the Garos of Assam, 745 footprints in, 57, and of bodily im Asopus, the river. I R9 r>ressions, 59; sex totems In, 900-2 Aspalis. a form of Artemis, 468 --. Western. belief as to the placenta in, 51 Ass, in cure for scorpion's bite, 713 Australian aborigines (blacks), 50, 51, 72, Assam, the hill tribes of. taboos observed 105. 236,251,270, 274, 301, 308, 322.331, by the headman and his wife, 228. and 333. 334, 459, 698, 707, 722 by warriors, 279; parents named after Austria. charm to make fruit trees bear in. their children in, 327: head~hunting in. 37; belief in the sensitiveness of trees, 149; 580; the Asongtata ceremony in, 745 harvest customs in. 533; children warned Assumption of the Vir~in, festival of, 474 against the Com-cock in, 592; mythical Astarte, a great Babylonian goddess, 431, calf in the corn in, 603; Midsummer fires 442. 456 in, 819; the mistletoe in, 868 Athamas, king or Alus, 382~5 Autumn-hen. last sheaf called, 593 938 Index Auvergne, Lenten fires In, 800 Banyoro, the, 112, 741 Auxerre, harvest customs in, 527, 603 Barea of East Africa, 141 Auxesia and Damia, 9 Barenton, the fountain of, 100, 101 Awa-nkonde, the, 780 Bari of the Upper Nile, 112 "Awasungu, house of the," 780 Barley, oldest cereal cultivated by tho Axe, that slew ox, condemned, 612 Aryans, 525 Axo-nu~ma (Potato-mother), 543 Barley-cow, 601, 602; -mother, 525; -sow, Aymara Indians, 96, 740 605; -wolf, 588, 590 Azadirachta Indica, 96 Baronga, the, of South Africa, 87, 94 Aztecs, 641, 768, 892 Barren women. See under Women Bashilange, reception of subject chiefs bJ head chief among the, 261 Ba-Pedi of South Africa, 276, 278, 290 Basque hunter transformed into bear, 906, Ba-Ronga of South Africa, 887 915 Ba-Thonga of South Africa, 278, 290 Bastard, name given to last sheaf, S3S Baal, prophets of, 86 Bastian, Adolf, 699 Baba, name given to last sheaf, 533 Basutos, 50, 253, 282 Babar Archipelago, ceremony to obtain a Bataks of Sumatra, 18, 52, 108, 242, 261, child for barren woman in the, 18: 709, 747, 904 saturnalia at marriage of Sun and Earth, Batavia, rainMmaking In, 9S 180; fatigue transferred to stones in the, Batchelor, Rev. J., 663, 675 708 Bathing as a rain-charm, 92 Babylon~ theocratic despotism of ancient, 63: Bats, the lives of men in. 900-1 sanctuary of Bel at, 187; mortality of the Bavaria, charms in, 38; magic ln. S3, 40, high gods of, 349; festival of Zagmuk at, 55. 56; greasing weapon instead of wound 370; festival of Sacaea a~ 371 ; sanctified in, 55 : green bushes placed at doors of harlotry at, 435 newly married pairs in, 157; the May-pole Babylonia, divinity of the early kings, 137: in. 163; the Walber in, 166; saying as to worship of Adonis in, 428 crossed legs in, 316; \Vhitsuntide mummers Bacchanals of Thrace. ivy eaten by, 125; tore in Lower. 391: carrying out Death in, 404; Pentbeus in pieces. 498, 516; wore horns, contests between Summer and Winter in, 514 417; the com-spirit in, 530; harvest Bacchic frenzy, 3 84 customs in, 534,561-3,597,599,601, 605; Bacchus or Dionysus, 509. See Dionysus cure for fever in, 713; expulsion of witches Badagas of the NeiJgherry Hills, 633, 710, in. 735: Easter fires in, 807: Midsummer 711 fires in, 816, 855 Badon3achen. king of Burma. 130 Bean, King of the, 768 Baduwis of Java. 297 Bean-cock, 593; -goat, 596 Baffin Land, expulsion of Sedna In, 723-4 Bear. taboos concerning, 292: custom Bag, souls of persons deposited in a. 246, observed after killing a, 292-3; killing tho 884, 889; soul of dying chief caught in a, sacred, 662 388 Beards, magic to promote growth of. 41 Baganda of Central Africa, 52, 129, 180, Beasts, sacred, held responsible for the course 191, 685, 707. 791 of nature in ancient Egypt, 114 Bagba, a wind-fetish, 107, 224 Beating a man's garment instead of the man, Bageshu of East Africa, 282 57; with rods in rain~making, 86; frogs, Bagobos of Minandao, 238, 467, 569 as a rain-charm, 96 Bahaus. See Kayans Beauce and Perche. 53 Bahima, of Central Africa, 338; of Uganda, Bechuanas, the, of South Africa, 260, 622, 707 635 Bailly, J. S., French astronomer. 444 Bed-clothes, contagious magic of bodily Balder, the myth of, 795-7; and the mistle impressions on. 59 toe, 796, 862-73, 917, 919, 929 Bede, on the succession of Pictish kings, 20S Balder's Balefires, 818, 869 Bedouins attack whirlwinds, 109 Bali. island of. rice personified as husband Beeches of Latium, 198 and wife in, 550; expulsion of devas in. 730 Beech-tree, in sacred grove of Diana, 10: Bali-players, homoeopathic charms em burnt in Lenten bonfire. 802 ployed by, 38 Beena marriage. 201 Balls, gold and silver, to Imitate the sun Beer. continence observed at brewing, 289 and moon, !59 Beetle, in magic. 41 : suoerstitious pre- Balong of the Cameroons, 897 cautions against beetles. 697; external Bangala of the Upper Congo, 325 soul in a, 883 Banjars in West Africa, 113 Belgium, Lenten fires in, 798; Mtdsummer Banks' Islands, magical stones in the 43; fires in, 825 making sunshine in the, 103; ghosts in Bella Coola Indians, 786 stones in the, 250: ceremony for getting Bells. used in exorcism, 257, 744: to conjure rid of fatigue In the, 708 spirits, 262; worn as amulets, 298; rung as Banting in Sarawak, rules observed during a protection against witches, 734, 735 absence of warriors at, 32 Beltane fires, 808-14, 855; cakes, 810-13; Bantu tribes, 275. 283 c:arllne. 810 Index 939 Dena=. Hlndoo genUeman worshipped as a Boa-constrictor, Catrres' dread of, 293 god at, 132 Boar, in magic, 41; and Adonis, 430, 619: Bengal, marriage ceremony at the digging of Attis killed by a, 457.619: corn-spirit as. wells, 190 ; rule of succession of kings of, 604; the Yule, 606-7, Christmas, 607 365 : ceremony over a Karma-tree in, 450; Boas, Dr. Franz, 915 human sacrifices in, 571; seclusion of girls Boba, name given to the last sheaf, 533 at pubertY in. 788; stories of the external Bodio, fetish king, 114 soul in. 877 Boeotians, the, 188, 489 Benin, king of, worshipped as a eod, 130, Bogota, rigorous training of the. heir to tho 264; human sacrifices in. 569 throne of, 779 Bera Pennu, Earth goddess. 571 Bohemia, Midsummer tree burned in. 161; Berawans of Sarawak. 19 throwing Death into the water in, 165: Berbers of North Africa, 827 May King and Queen in, 171-4; Whit Berlin. treatment of navel-string in. 53 suntide mummers in. 392-4; carrying Besisis of the Malay Peninsula. 252 out Death in, 407-8; bringing in Summer Besoms. burning, flung into the air to make In 409; the last sheaf in, 532; harvest corn grow. 84 7 customs in. 565, 599. 601 ; cure for fever Bethlehem, the Star of, 457 in, 713; expulsion of witches in, 735; Betsileo of Madagascar, 302 bonfires in, 814, 819; charm to make corn Bhars of India, 740 grow high in. 847; fern-seed on St. John's Bhotlyas of Juhar, 745 Day in, 922 Biaias of Borneo, the 742 Boils, 621 Bibili, off New Guinea, the natives reputed Bolivia, seclusion of girls at puberty In, 787 to make wind, I 06 Bombay, belief as to absence of sleeper's Bidasari and the golden fish, Malay story of, soul in, 241 886 Bones, of dead in magic, 39, 93; human, Bilaspur or Bitaspore, twirling spindles for· buried as a rain-charm. 94; departing bidden in, 27; temporary raiab In, 378 souls bottled up in hollow. 238; used as Bilqula. See Bella Coola charms, 265, 650; cakes baked in the Binbinga tribe of Northern Australia, 907 shape of, 642; of animals, treatment of, Birch-trees, 160, 169, 821 689-94; burnt in bonfires, 807 Bird, soul conceived as a, 239 Bonfires, Midsummer, 161, 815, 824, 844; Birds, cause headache through clipped hair, leaping over, 418, 799; supposed to 309, 312; absent warriors called, 325; protect against conflagration. 799; lit tongues of. eaten, 651 ; as scapegoats, by persons last married, 799 ; a protection 709, 714; external souls in, 878, 880, 884-7 against sickness. witchcraft. and sorcery, Birth, pretence of, 19, 20, 260, 535, 554; a 799, 812, 813; fertilising inOuence of, man's fortune determined by the day and 844-6: protect fields against hail and hour of his, 48 ; new, 462, 912 hom~teads against thunder and lia:htnina, Birth-trees, in Africa, 892; in Europe, 893 850 Bitch, last sheaf called the, 590 Boni, Commendatore G .• 21S Bltbynia, song of reapers In, 559 Bontoc. the natives of, 570 Black colour in rain-making ceremonies. 89: Bormus or Borimus, 559, 581 animals in rain-charms, 95, 212 Borneo, the Dyaks of, 18; rules observed Blackfoot Indians, 28, 29, 687 by camphor-hunters in, 27; telepathy in Blindness. charm to cause, 39 war in, 32; hooks to catch souls in. 237; Blood. sympathetic connection between a rice used to prevent soul from wandering, wounded person and his shed, 56 ; human. 239; f)recautions against strangers in, 257: in rain-making ceremonies, 85; as a means use of f)uppets as substitutes for living of inspiration. 124; smeared on woodwork persons, 646 ; sickness expelled in a ship of bouse, 154; put on door-posts, 230; of from, 740; expulsion of evils in, 742; childbirth, 275, 302; smeared on person seclusion of girls at puberty in, 782; birth as a purlllcatlon, 292; tabooed, 299-303; custom in, 889; tree as life-index In, 893 royal, not to be shed on the ground, 300; Bororos of Brazil, 239, 635 unwllling11ess to shed, 301; received on Bosnian Turks, 19 bodies of kinsfolk, 301; drops of, effaced. Bough, the Golden. See Golden Bough 302 ; of chief sacred, 303 ; fetish priests Bouphon/a, Athenian sacrifice, 612 allowed to drink fresh, 314; Day of, in the Boys, at Initiation, 905, 911 festival of Attis, 459, 465; bath of hull's, Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva, the Hlndoo In the rites of Attis, 463; remission of trinity, 68 sins through the shedding of, 469; sprink Brahmans, 43, 88, 103, 132, 300, 323, 375, led on seed and scattered on field, 569, 380, 452, 643 570, 576; of sacrificial horse, 627; of men Brains of enemies eaten, 653 drunk to acquire their qualities, 652-3; as Branches. used in rain-charm. 83, 84: fn a means of communion with a deity. 702: exorcism, 259; fatigue and sickness trans of children used to knead a paste, 725 ; ferred to, 708, 739 girls at pubeny forbidden to see, 786; Brand, John, 833, 835 menstruous, 790, 791 Brandy, North American Indian theory of, Blood-brotherhood, 149; -covenant, 266 651 Blu-u Kayans of Borneo, 258 Bray, Mn., 586 940 Index BrazU, Tndlans or, 116, 239, 649, 686, 761 ; Bulls, sacred, of Ancient Egypt, 625 seclusion of girls at puberty in, 787 Bunyoro, king of, 263, 356 Bread. leavened, Flamen Dialis forbidden Burghers or Badagas. See Badngas to touch, 229; fast from, in mourning for Burglars, charms employed by, 39 Attis. 461; communion. 632; eaten Burial customs, 46, 231, 244, 250 sacramentally, 641, 654 Burma, priestly king in, 298, 300; king'• Bread-fruit, 43 name tabooed in. 339; custom of threshini Breath, of chief sacred, 270, 305; caught by in. 55 t ; expulsion of demons in, 720 his Oliuccessor, 388 Burne, Miss C. S., 586 Brethren and Sisters of the Free Spirit, 134 Buru. East Indian island, girl sacrificed to Breton superstitions as to tides, 45; peasants' crocodile in. 191 ; eating the soul of the way of getting rain, tOO; stories of the rice in, 632; dog's flesh eaten in. 651 external soul, 882; peasants and the Burying the Carnival. 397-404 mistletoe, 922 Bush negroes of Surinam. 219. 621 Brewing, continence observed at, 289 Bushmen of South Africa, 650, 791 Bribri Indians, the, 274, 792 Busiris. backbone of Osiris at, 484~ ritual Bride, the Whitsuntide, 174. 178; the May, of Osiris at, 494; 'the house of Osiris,' 583 178; races for a, 205-6; fishing-net thrown Busiris, king of Egypt, 582 over, 319; of the Nile, 488; name given Butter, time for making. 45 to last sheaf, 537 Buzzard. killing the sacred. 654 Bride and bridegroom, the Whitsuntlde, 175; Byblus, Adonis at, 431 ; Osiris and Isis at, the Midsummer. 175: all knots on their 479 garments unloosed, 317 Bridegroom, the Whitsuntide, 175; of May, Cacongo, king of, 262 175, 422 Cactus, the sacred, 30 Bridget in Scotland and the Isle of Man. 177 Cadiz, death at low tide at. 45 Briglt, a Celtic goddess, 178 Caesar, Julius, 61, 855 Brimo and Brimos in the mysteries of Catfres, the, 293, 310, 326-8, 685; of Sofala, Eleusis. 188 43; of Natal and Zululand, 634 British Columbia. See Columbia, British Gal/leach (Old Wife), name given to last Brittany. belief as to death at ebb-tide in. corn cut, 531. 539 46; the Mother-sheaf in Upper. 528; Cairo. ceremony of cutting the dams at. 488 Midsummer fires in. 822 ; mistletoe as a Caiaboneros Indians. the. 182 protection against witchcraft in. 922: Calabar, expulsion of demons at Old, 648, fern-seed on Midsummer Eve in. 922 743; soul of chief in sacred grove at. 892: Brooke. Rajah. of Sarawak. 117 belief of negroes regarding external souls, Brotherhood of the Green Wolf, 823 898 Brothers. childless persons named after their Calabashes, souls shut up in, 248 younger. 327: ancient Egyptian story of Calabria. Easter custom in, 454: annual the Two, 882 expulsion of witches in, 734 -- and sisters. marriage of. 437 Calendar. the ancient Greek, 368: regula Brothers-in-law. their names not to be tion of the early. an affair of religion, pronounced. 330 368; the Egyptian, 485; the Alexandrian, Brown, Dr. George, 111 491; of Esne, 491 ; the Mohammedan, 827 Buddha, images of, drenched as rain-charm, Calf, killed at harvest, 602; mythical, in the 101; the Footprint of, 310 com, 603 Buddhas, living, 135 Calicut. rule of succession observed by the Buddhism, 147; and Christianity, 476 kings of, 362-5, 390 Buffalo. sacrificed for human victim, 574; California, the shaman In, 115; kllllng the a Batak totem. 904 sacred buzzard in, 654 ; Indians of, 784, Buffalo-bull, last sheaf called, 601 926 Buffaloes, propitiation of dead, 686; the Caligula and the priest of Nemi, 4 resurrection of. 693 : revered by the Cambodia, homoeopathlc magic used by Todas, 701; as scapegoats, 740 hunters in. 24: human incarnation of god Buginese of Celebes, 43 in. 125; kings of, 142, 221, 295, 350, 373, Building. continence during. 290 381: superstitions regarding the head in, Bukaua of New Guinea, 782, 908 304; annual expulsion of demons in. Bulgaria, 19; charms in, 40; peasants 732; palace purged of demons, 737; threaten fruit trees to make them bear. seclusion of girls at puberty. 789; ritual at 150; superstitions in. 317: harvest customs cutting a parasitic orchid in. 865 in. 533; cure for fever in, 715; need-fire in, Cambodian story of the external soul, 877 838 Camel, plague transferred to, 709 Bull, in relation to Dionysus, 512, 513; Cameroons. the external soul in the. 892: corn-spirit as, 600, 611 ; at threshing, theory of, 897 602-3 Camomile, burnt in Midsummer fire, 827 Dull's blood, bath of, in rites of Attis, 463 Camp shifted after a death, 332 Bull-roarers, 906-10 Campbell, Major-General John, 573, 575 Bullets, magical treatment or, 24 ; magical --, Rev. J. G., 530 modes of averting, 34 Camphor, 27, 31 Bullocks, as scapegoats. 709 Canadian Indians. 688, 689 lndex 941 Candlemas, 177, 606 Celebes, rain-charms In, 92 : hookln• soula Candles, 4; magical, 39; of human taUow, in, 237; customs at childbirth in, 236; 74 ceremonies for recovering souls ln. 246: Cannibal feast, legendary, at tbe Boeotian propitiation of souls of slain enenrlcs ln. Orchomenus. 384 280: planting the rice in. 548; customs as Cannibalism, 307, 515, 652 to eating tbe new rice in, 63 3 : the external Caprification, 760 soul in, 889 Car Nicobar, expulsion of devils in. 743 Celtic sacrifices, 855, 860; tales of tbe Caramantran. death of. 401 external soul. 881 Caribs, the, 36, 649, 903 Celts. their worship of the oak, 145, 211; Carinthia. Green George in, 166: ceremony at annual sacrifice to Artemis, 186: fire the installation of a prince of, 378: custom festivals of the, 828 at threshing in. 564 Ceram. island of. sickness expelled in a ship Carlin or Carline, 'tbe Old Woman,' in from. 738; seclusion of girls at puberty ln. Scotland, 530 783: the Kakian association in, 911 Carnival, dances at the, 36: burying the, Ceres, the, In France, 528 393, 397-404; the burial and resurrection Cetchwayo, king of Zululand, 339 of the, 415; at Rome in the rites of Attis, Ceylon, ogres in, 876; king of, and his 461 ; in relation to tbe Saturnalia, 768; external soul. 877 effigy burnt at end of, 804 Chaka, the Zulu despot, 113 Carolina, Indians of. 681 Chams of Cochinchina, 38, 290 Caroline Islands, 52, 287; traditionary origin Charms. to ensure long life. 46: to prevent of fire in the, 926 tbe sun from going down, 104; to facilitate Carpathus, laying out of corpses in, 320 childbirth, 314 Carrier Indians of North-West America, Chasas of Orissa, 621 24, 288, 793 Chastity observed for sake or absent persons. 'Carrying out Death,' 165, 397, 404-16, 155, 29, 31 : as a virtue not understood by 804 savages. 183. See also Continence Carthage, Christians worshipping each other Chatti, German tribe, 306 at, 133: tbe effeminate priests of tbe Great Cheese, the Beltane, 812 Mother at, 469 Chent·Ament, title of Osiris, 494 Carthaginian sacrifice of children to Moloch, Cheremiss of Caucasus, the, 345, 734 370 Cherokees, the, 38, 52, 490, 682 Carver. Captain Jonathan. 913 Chibchas. the. 137 Castration, 458, 460 Chicomecohuatl. Mexican goddess. 771 Cat in bomoeopa thlc magic, 41 : in rain Chiefs. supernatural power of. in Melanesia. charm, 95 ; com-spirit as. 595 ; killed at II 0: as magicians, Ill : punished for harvest. 596: a representative of the devil, drought and dearth, 113: tabooed, 266-7; 859; a story of a clan whose souls were sacred, 270: foods tabooed to, 314; all in one, 887; a Batak totem, 904. names of, tabooed, 338-41 See also Cats Chilcotin Indians. 102 Cat's cradle as a charm, 26, I 04: forbidden Child. name given to last shear. 535; born to boys among the Esquimaux. 26 on harvest field. pretence of. 535 Catat. Dr .. 255 Childbed. woman in. thought to control the Caterpillars. precautions against. 697 wind. 106; souls of women dying in. live Catholic Church, 441, 454 in trees, 152: taboos on women in. 274 Catholic custom of dedicating candles. 4: Cbildbinh, precautions taken with mother as to partaking of the Eucharist. 640 at, 238: women tabooed at, 273-S; koots Catlin, George, 115 untied at. 314; homoeopathic magic to Cats, burnt in bonfires, 799, 859; perhaps facilitate, 315 burnt as witches. 860 Children, taboos observed by, 28, 29; Cattle. magical stones. for increase of. 43: buried to the neck as a rain-charm. 99; influence of tree-spirits on, 156; crowned, parents named after their, 326; sacri 166; protected against wolves by charms. ficed, 370, 385, 500. 568; blood of, used 319: last sheaf given to, 527, 536, 537, to knead a paste, 725 542: Yule Boar given to the, 607. driven Chilote Indians, 312 through, round, or between bonfires, 806, China, emperors of, 12: charms in, 46; 812, 814, 817, 820-3, 838. 839; protected geomaney in, 47: modes of compelling against sorcery by sprigs of mullein. 824; the rain-god to give rain in. 97 : trees lhthted brands carried round. 847 planted on graves in. 152; convulsions Cattle disease. Midsummer fires a protection attributed to the action of demons in, against. 821 ; pla2ue. need~fire kindled as 245 ; custom as to shadows at funerals a remedy for. 839 ln. 250: ceremony at the beginning of Caucasus. rain~making in the. 92; sacra- spring in. 614; pooular superstitions in, ments of pastoral tribes in the. 700 653: human scapegoats in, 741; expulsion Cayor in Senegal, the king of, 227 of evils in, 743 Cazembes of Angola. the, 268 Chinese empire, incarnate human gods in Cecrops, king of Athens, 204 the. 136 Cedar, sacred, 125 Chinigchlnich, Californian aod, 655-6 Cedar-tree, girls sacrificed to a, 148 Chinna Kimedy, in India, 573 942 Index Chinook Indians, 337, 785 to touch the ground, 778 : rites of inltlaUon Chins, the, 722 on the Lower, 913 Chippeway Indians, 793 Connaught, taboos observed by the ancient Chiquites Indians of Paraguay, 689 kings of. 228 Chiriguanos of South America, 787 'Consort. the divine." 187 Chitome or Chitombe, a pontiff of Congo, Constantine, the Emperor, 435 224, 350, 390 Consumption, cure for, 714 Chittagong, 316 Contact or contagion in magic, law of, 14 Choctaws, the, 284 Continence, required during search for Cholera, demon of, 720, 722, 738; sent away sacred cactus. 30; practised before in animal scapegoats. 740 fertility ceremonies, 179; practised in Christ, his Nativity, 472; his crucifixion, order to make crops grow, 182; enjoined 473; his resurrection. 473-5 on people during rounds of sacred pontiff, Christian festivals displace heathen festivals, 224; of priests, 225 ; on eve of period of 475 taboo, 228; during war, 277, 278; after Christianity, its contlict with the Mithraic victory, 280; by hunters and fishers, 286; religion, 471; and Buddhism. 476 by workers in salt-pans. 289; at brewing, Christians, pretenders to divinity among, 289; at house-building, 290; at making 133 and repairing dams, 290; by Uon-killcrs Christmas, festival of, borrowed from the and bear-killers, 292; at festival of first Mithraic religion. 471: heathen origin of, fruits, 638 472 Cords, knotted, in magic, 317 Christmas Boar, 607; candles, 835 Corea. kings responsible for rain and·crops, Church bells, a protection against witch· 115; offerings to souls of the dead in craft, 734 trees in, 152; king not to be touched, 295; Ciminian forest, the, 145 means of inspiring courage in. 651 ; use of Cingalese cure by means of devil-dancers, torches to ensure good crops in, 847 711 Corinthians make images of Dionysus out Cinyras, father of Adonis, 431,436-7 of a pine-tree, 510 Circassia, custom as to pear~trees in, 157 Cormac Mac Art, king of Ireland, 360 Circe, the land of, 198 Corn, spirit of the, embodied in human Circumcision, 301, 908 beings, 551; double personification of, as Claudius, the Emperor, 4, 459 mother and daughter, 553 Oayton, Rev. A. C., 710 Com-baby. 603 ; -bull, 602; -cat, 595 ; Clothes. magic symDathy between a person -cock, 592; -<:ow, 601; -foal, 604; -goat, and his, 56-7 596; -pug, 590; -sow, 589, 605; -steer, Clotilde, Queen, 306 601; -wolf, 59i Clove trees treated like pregnant women. 151 ---god, Adonis as a, 444 ; Attis as a, Cloves, ceremony to make them grow, 180 464; Osiris as a, 495 Clucking-hen at threshing, 593 ---mother, 188, 525, 542 C/yack sheaf, 537, 559 ---reapers. songs of the, 558 Coast Murrina tribe of New South Wales, -- -spirit, Adonis. as a, 444; represented 907 by human victims, 447 : represented as a Cobra, ceremony after killing a, 293 dead old man, 491; killing the, 560-7; Coca-mother. among the Peruvians. 543 slain in his human representatives. 576-87: Coco-n\llS sacred In Northern India, !56 how representative was chosen, 577; as an Cock, corn-spirit as, 592; name given to animal. 588-609 last sheaf, 593 Corn-medicine festival, 552 Cockatoos, magical multiplication of, 22 Cornwall, temporary king in, 378 Coe/ Coeth, Hallowe'en bonfire, 832 Cos. sanctuary of Aesculapius in, 146: Coins. from the eyes of corpses, 40; pomaits harvest-home In, 522 of kings not stamped on, 255 Costa Rica, 792 Columbia, British, use of magical Images Cottonwood trees, the shades or spirits of, to procure fish In, 23; taboos Imposed 147 on parents of twins in. 87; belief regarding Courland, custom at sowing in, 606 a physician and his patient's soul, 249; Cow, ceremony of rebirth from a golden, Indians' dislike of telling their own 260 ; sacred to Isis, 492; com-spirit as, names, 324; seclusion of girls at puberty 600; as scapegoat. 740. 747; witches in. 785; rites of Initiation in, 915 ~~t milk from. 849; misUetoc given to, Combs, when not to be used, 31, 230, 284, 285 Creator, the grave of the, 348 Commagny, the priory of, I 01 Creek Indians, 278, 636, 792 Communion with deity by eating new fruits, Cretan festival of Dionysus, 512. 514 639 Crete, milk-stones in. 44 Communion bread, 632 Crevaux, J., 258 Compitalla, festival of the, 645 Criminals shorn to make them confess, 891 Conception in women caused by trees, 156 Cripple Goat, last sheaf called, 598 Congo, recall of stray souls among the Crocodile, girl sacrificed to a, 192 tribes, 242; conJuring spirits before drink· Crocodiles, Malay charm to catch, 24 ~ Ina In the, 263 ; royal persona forbidden apared by savaaes out of respect. 680 Index 943 Cronus, his sacriJicc of his son, 385 165, 397, 404-16, 15S, 804; at ebb tide, Crops, charms to promote the growth of the, 4S-6; mourners forbidden to sleep in a 36,379,799, 803, 804, 817, 844; intercourse house after a, 240; custom of covering up of the sexes to promote the growth of the, mirrors after a, 254: from imagination, 179; human victims sacrificed for the, 269; ritual of, and resurrection, 905-30 467, 567; superstitious devices to get rid Deir el Bahari, paintings at, 187 of vermin in the, 695; supposed to be Deities duplicated through dlalectical spoiled by menstruous women, 791, 794 differences in their names, 217; of vegeta • Cross of the Horse,' first sheaf called, 604 tion as animals, 610-29 Cross-road. fever deposited at. 713; offerings DeitY. savage conceotion of. 121 at. 730; ceremonies at, 735; Midsummer Demeter, married to Zeus at Eleusis, 188: fires lighted at, 818 and Persephone, 517-24, 553; etymology • Crying the Mare • in Hertfordshire, 603 of her name. 525; in relation to the pig, • Crying the neck • in Devonshire, 585 615; horse-headed, of Phigalia, 618; Crystals, magic of, 50, 99, 112 Black, 618 Cumanus, the inquisitor, 891 Demetrius Poliorcetes, deified, 127 Cumont, Professor Franz, 765 Demons, of trees, 152; abduction of souls Cui>-and-bali as a charm, 105 by, 246; and ghosts averse to iron, 298; Cybele, Mother of the Gods, 457; worship deceived by effigies, 645; of disease of. 458 exorcised, 711; omnipresence of, 716: Cynaetha, fostival of Dionysus at, 514 of cholera, 720, 722; men disguised as, Cyprus, sacred prostitution in, 435 736; conjured into images, 744 Cytisorus, son of Phrixus, 382-3 Dene Indians, the, 274 Cyzicus, council chamber at, 296 Denmark, Whitsuntide customs in, 17S: Yule Boar in, 606; Midsummer fires in, 818 Dacotas, 693 Departmental kings of nature, 140-4 Daedala, festival of the, 188 Depilation, 891 Dahomey, the king of, 227, 262, 338 Deputy, expedient of dying by, 367, 380-1 Dairi, the, or Mikado of Japan, 222-3 Devil-dancers, 711 Dairies, sacred, of the Todas, 231 Devils. See Demons Dalai Lama of Lhasa, 135 Devonshire, harvest customs in, SBS Dalmatia, belief as to the souls of trees in, Dharme, the Sun-god, 190 147-8 Dl. Aryan root meaning "bright.' 217 Damia and Auxesia, 9 Diana, 1, 4. 10; the Tauric, 3, 8; goddess Dams, continence at making, 290; in Egypt, of childbirth, 4, 186; goddess of fertility, 486, 488 134-6, 215; and Dianus, 213-21 Danae, the story of, 789 'Diana's Mirror.' 1, 930 Dances, of women while men are away Dianus and Diana. 213-21 fighting, 34, 35; to make hemp grow, Dieri of Central Australia, the, 85, lSI, 718, 36; for rain. 83; round sacred trees, 156: 790 round the May-pole, 161, 163, 166; round Dinkas, the, 355, 740 bonfires, 161, 794-802, 804, 812, 813, 818, Diodorus Siculus. 481 822-5; to fertilise gardens, 181: of king, Dione, wife of Zeus at Dodona, 199; the 2114; of successful head-hunter, 280; to old consort of Zeus, 217 propitiate souls of slain foes, 280; of Dionysus, 187, 349, 498; god of the vine, victory, 281; of harvesters, 528, 562, 604; 509; god of trees, 509; the Flowery, at festival of first-fruits, 637; at burial of 510; god of agriculture and the com, 510; the wren, 764; masked, 711 and the winnowing fan, 511 ; horned, Danger Island, snares for souls in, 247 513; live animals rent in the rites of, 514; Danish magic of footprints, 58 as a goat, 514. 610; human sacrifices in Danzig, disposal of cut hair at, 310: last his rites, 516; tom in pieces at Thebes, sheaf at harvest at, 526 516; as a bull, 610-11; relations to Pans, Daramulun, a mythical being, 906-8 Satyrs, and Silenuses, 610; his resurrection Darfur, Sultan of, 263 ; I)Cople of, believe perhaps enacted in his rites. 615 the liver to be the Sell! of the soul, 652 Disease, demons of, expelled, 258, 711; Date-palm, artificial fertilisation of the, 762 transferred to other people and to effigies, Day of Blood, in rites of Attis, 461 ; of 707; sent away in little ships, 738 Atonement, 746 Divination, 338, 830, 831 De Barros, Portuguese historian. 365 Divine animal, killing the, 655; as scapegoat, Dead, the, homocopathic magic of. 39; 747, 754 spirits of, 61; making rain by means of, 'Divine Consort. the,' 187 93; trees animated by the -souls of, 151; Divine Husbandman, in China, 614 sacrifices to, 230; taboos on persons who Divining rods. 923 have handled, 271 ; names of, tabooed, Divinities, human~ bound by many rules, 34~ 331-8; appear to the living in dreams, 337; Divinity of kings, 214; growth of the con· festival of, 492, 829; worship of, 545; ception of the, 214-15 ghosts of, 722 Divorce of spiritual from temporal power, Dead Sunday, 397 231-5 Death, pretence of, 21: •carrying out: Dobrizhoffer, Father M, 335, 336 944 Index Dodona, oracular spring at, 194 : Zeus and spring festival of Attls, 473: controversJ Dione at, 199 : oracular oak at, 209 as to the origin of, 415 Dodwell, E., 522 Easter Eve, ceremonies on, 521. 734: Dog, black, sacrificed for rain, 96: used to Saturday, new fire on, 804; Sunday, stop rain, 99: prohibition to touch or ceremony observed by gypsies on, 744: name, 230; corn-spirit as, 589; of the Monday, festival on, 167: candle, 805, harvest, 590 fires, 804 Dogs crowned. 4 Eating, out of sacred vessels, 223: together, Dollar-bird associated with rain, 94 266: and drinking, taboos on, 261 : eating Donar or Thunar. German thunder-god. 212 the god, 629-48, 654: tbe soul of the rice, Doors opened to facilitate childbirtb, 315: 632 to facilitate death, 320 Ebb tide, death at, 45-6 DosSantos, J., 128 Eclipse, ceremonies at an, 102 Dosuma, king of, 777 Ecuador. human sacrifices in, 567 Doves, external soul tn, 878; Aeneas led to Edgewell Tree, the, 893 the Golden Bough by, 9~0 Effigies, 614, 644, 646, 707, 744, 798. 802-4, Dragon. rainwgod represented as, 97; or 814. 817, 819, 825, 849, 851. 857, 861: of serpe!lt of water, 192; at Midsummer, Carnival, 398; of Death, 405, 409; of effigy of, 857 Judas, 805; of Kupalo, Kostrorna. and Dramas, magical, 184, 427: sacred, 493 Yarilo, 418-19: of Osiris, 495, 502; of Dreams, absence of soul in, 239; belief of Shrove Tuesday, 402 savages In the reality of, 239: festival Efugaos, the, of the Philippines, 653 of, 724 Egbas, the, of West Africa, 360 Drenching people wltb water as a rain-charm, Egerla, water-nymph, 5, 11, 193, 199, 200, 91, 92. 449-50 216 • Drink. Black; an emetic. 638 Egerius Baebius or Laevius, 7 Drinking and eating, taboos on. 261-3: EgR~shells. the breaking of, 265 modes of drinking for tabooed t>ersons, Egypt, tbe Nativity of the sun at tbe winter 262, 274, 278, 288 solstice In, 471 ; In early June, 486; tbc Drought, supposed to be caused by the un gods flee Into, 514: the eom-spirlt In, 582 buried dead~ 94; chiefs and kings punished --. ancient, theocratic despotism of, 63; for. 1 13: supposed to be caused by a magicians in. 69. 344; confusion of magic concealed miscarriage, 276 and religion in. 69: ceremonies for the Druidical festivals, so-called, 808 regulation of tbe sun. 103: kings blamed Druids, 145, 856, 860-8: of Ireland, 814: for the failure of the crops In, 114; sacred and the mistletoe, 928-9 beast responsible for the course of nature Duchesne, Mgr., 474 In, 114; human gods In, 126, 350: kings Dugong fishing, taboos In connection with, of, 137, 187, 229, 313, 439, 498: queen of, 287 187: oersonal names in, 323; reapers• Dulyn, the tam of, on Snowdon, I 00 lamentations and invocations to Isis in. Dunkirk. the Follies of, 857 446. 489, 558, 583, 584: sacrifice of red· Durian-tree, the. 149 haired men In, 498, 500: human sacrifices Dusuns of Borneo, the, 297, 742 in, 582; relhdous attitude to pigs in. 620: Dyaks, of Borneo, 18, 21, 32, 240, 327, 328, rams sacred in. 656; bulls as scapegoats in. 544. 650, 680: of Landak, 893: of Pinoeb, 748: story of the external soul In, 882 889: of Sarawak, 653; Sea. 315, 696; of Egypt, Lower, Sals In, 491 TaJan, 893 --. Upper, temporary kings In, 376 Egyptian calendar, 485: festivals, 485, 487; religion, 487: types of sacrament, 697-702 Eagle. the bird of Jove, 195 El~~rs, council of. In savage communities, Eagle-hunters, 28, 29 Eagle-owl worshipped by tbe Alnos, 676 Elephant hunters, 30, 778 Earth, inspired priestess of. 124; marriage Elephants, ceremonies observed at tbc of the Sun and, 191 : Image of, praying slauRhter of, 685, 688: lives of persons to Zeus for rain, 210: Lithuanian prayers bound up with those of. 896 to the, 630: the priest of, 778 Eleuslne grain, 634 Earth demons, 645: goddess, 521, 571-5 Eleusinlan mysteries, 188, 517-20, 523, 524; Earthworms eaten by dancing girl, 652 priests, 342 East, ascetic Idealism of the, 183 Eleusls, rites of Demeter at, 496, 522: East Indian Islands, magic In the, 23, 27: Demeter at, 518; Rarian plain at, 518 epilepsy transferred to leaves in the. 707: Elfin race averse to iron, 297 demons of sickness expelled In little ships, Elipandus of Toledo, 133 739 Elis, Dionysus hailed as a bull by tbe women East Indies, pregnant women forbidden to of. 514 tie knots, 314; reluctance of persons to Elisha, tbe prophet, 440 tell their own names. 32S; bringing back Elk clan of the Omaha Indians. 622 the Soul of tbe Rice, 490: the Rice-mother Embalming as a means of prolongina the In the, 544 life of the soul, 349 Easter, resemblance of the festival of, to tbc E"irgca o[ficinall• sacred in Nortbern India, riteS of Adonis, 455; assimilated to tho Index 945 Emln Pasha. 259 Ezekiel, the prophet, 430 Empedocles, his claim to cllvinl!Y, 127 Emu-wrens, 901 Face, of ateepcr not to be painted or dis Encounter Bay tribe. 790 figured, 241 ; taboos on showing the, 263; Endymfon, S, 206 of human scapegoat painted half white, England, belief as to death at ebb tide In, half black, 750 46; anointing the weapon Instead of the Faces, veiled to avert evil lnOuences, 263 ; wound In, SS; May-trees and May-bushes blackened, 281, 607 In, 159; village May-poles In, 161; Jack Faditras among the Malagasy, 709 In-the-Green in, 169; undoing locks and Fairies. averse to iron, 298 bolts at a death In, 320; Harvest Queen in, Falling sickness transferred to fowls. 714; 533: harvest customs In, 535, 603-4; mistletoe a remedy for, 866 killing the wren In, 703 ; the Yule log in, Fan tribe, the, 112 833; the mistletoe In, 867, 868; birth-trees Fans of the Gaboon, 895; of West Africa, in, 893 ; cure for rupture or rickets In, 893 649 Epilepsy transferred to leaves, 707 Fans In homoeopathic magic, 34 Epiphany, 472, 607, 735 Fasting obligatory, 31, 34; of Catholics, Ergamenes, king of Meroe, 351 640; of girls at puberty, 787 Erman, Professor, 496 Father, called after his child, 326; and Escouvlon or Scouv/on, In Belgium, 799 mother. names not to be mentioned, 329; Esne. festal calendar of, 491 of a god, 439 Esqulmaux, 26, 107, 236, 322, 417, 694; of Father-in-law, his name not to be mentioned. Alaska. 723. 890; of Baffin Land, 723; 329-31 of Bering Strait, 254, 291, 299, 690, 793; Father May, 166, 168 oflglulik. 104 Fatigue transferred to leaves, 708 Esthonla, Shrove Tuesday customs In, 41 S ; Fauns. rustic Italian gods, 610 harvest customs In, 599, 604; Christmas Fazoql, kings of, 351 Boar In, 607; Midsummer fires In, 822 Feast of Ali Souls, 829; of yams. 264 Esthonians, 106, 297, 300, 404, 632, 695 Feet of enemies eaten. 653 Ethiopia, kings of, 264, 359 Felkin, Dr. R. W ~ 701 Eubuteus, legendary owine-hcrd, 616-17 Feloupes of Senegambla, 97 Eucharist, 640 Female kinship or mother-kin defined, 201: Eudoxus of Cnldus, 623 lndilference to paternity of kings under, Eunuch priests, 460, 464 203 ; at Athens, 204 ; among the Aryans, Europe. dancing or leaping high to make 204 crops grow In, 36; the Hand of Glory In, Fern-seed, 922-3 40 ; belief as to death at ebb tide In, 45~; Fernando Po, taboos observed by the klnga treatment of the navel-string and after.. of, 226, 314 birth In, 53; contagious magic In, 58; Fertilisation, artlllclal, ISO, 498, 760, 762; confusion of magic and religion In, 69, of barren women. 761 70; belief In magic In modern, 73 ; rain Fertility, Diana as a goddess of, 10; of making ceremonies In, 91; the May-pole women, magical Images designed to ensure or May-tree in,•IS6-7; midsummer festival the, 18 in modem, 202; fear of having one's like Fetish kings In West Africa, 234 ness taken In, 255; belief as to consumma Feuillet, Madame Octave, 402 tion of marriage being Impeded by locks Fever, cures for, 712-IS and knots, 317 ; the Com-mother In Fig, artificial fertilisation of the, 498 ; human Northern, 525-42; comparison between scapegoat beaten with branches of the the Lltyerses story and harvest customs wild, 759 In, 560-7: • bunting the wren • In, 703 ; Fig-tree, the sacred, 179: artlllclal fertilisa transference of evil In, 712-16; annual tion of the, 760, 762 expulsion of demons among the heathen Fiii Islands, the, conception of the soul In, of, 732; annual expulsion of witches in 237; notion of the absence of the soul Central, 734; expulsion of embodied evils In dreams In, 241 : catching away souls In, 744; the mistletoe in, 865; superstitions In, 247; supposed effect of using chief'o as to menstruous women in. 793 ; fire cllshes or clothes In, 267; custom at cutting festivals of, 798-839 ; Midsummer fires In, a chief's hair in, 307; birth-trees In, 892; 814; need-fire In, 836 drama of death and resurrection In, 910 Evil, transference of, 706--16; to animals, Finland, cattle protected by the wooclland 708-11; to men, 711-12; in Europe, 712- spirits In, 185 16 FO:~~h-Ugrian peoples, sacred groves of the, Evilo, expulsion of, public, 716 ; occaoional, 717; periocllc, 722; embodied, 736; Finnish wizards and witches, 106 occasional, In a material vehicle, 738; Finns, 684 periocllc, In a material vehicle, 744 Fire, the god of, 31 ; kept burning for the J!we-opeaking peoples of the Slave Coast, sake of absent warriors, 33; supposed the, 148, 261 ; tabooa observed by their to be subject to Catholic priests, 69: kinas, 227 used to stop rain, 84; as a charm to re Exogamy, 201 kindle the sun, 102; and Water, kings Eyeos, the, 227, 360 of, 142, 232, 350; kinclled by friction, Index
Firc--<:o11t111u~d fires ln. 822-5, 844; the Yule log ln. 834; wicker-work giants burnt In, 858; mlstlo ~!.;il~1ti:28 ·::?· ~~: 8'2~t~832lt3 • ru; toe In, 866 ; blrth·tr.:es .... 893 'new,' 636, 805; sacred, 637, 701; Francbe-Comtt, dances ln. to make il Kapaa or Reddls In Madras Prcsldeney, 116 on coins, 255 ; gnarded aaalnst tile magic Kara-Kirgblz, the, 157 of strangers, 261: not to be seen eating Karens of Burma, 241, 244, 303, 546 and drinking, 261; forbidden to leave their Karma-tree, ceremony over a, 450 palaces, 263; tabooed, 266; foods tabooed Karo-Bataks of Sumatra, 52, 244, 307 to, 313; names of, tabooed, 338-42; killed Karok Indians of California, 692 when strengt!J fails, 349; attacks on, per Karpathos, Island of, 715 mitted, 351, 362; worshipped after deatll, Kataialina, an Australian spirit, 907 353; killed at the end of a fixed term, 361; Kavirondo, tribes of, purification of man.. dying by deputy, 366; temporary, 373-81; slayers among the, 283 - tom in pieces. traditions of. 498 ; trace of K')fs~ns of Borneo, 108, 154, 279, 292, 545, the custom of slaying them annually, 579 Kingship, evolution of the sacred, 138; Kef Islands, the, magical telepatlly In, 31, descent of tile, In the female line, 20 I, 33; treatment of the navel-string In, 52; 203-4; burdens and restrictions attaching expulsion of demons in, 719 ; birth to tile early, 222, 230; tenure of the, 368- custom In, 889 70 . Kekchi Indians of Guatemala, 182 Kingsley, Miss, on soul~traps, 248 Keramin tribe of New Soutll Wales, 99 Kinship of men with crocodiles, 681 Keremet, a god of tile Wotyaks, 189 Kiowa Indians, 334 Kettles used to mimic thunder, 102 Kirghiz, tile, 206, 328, 789 Key of tile field, 566 Kirn, last com cut, 535 Keys, bunch of, as a charm, 298 Kiwal, natives of, 499 Khalii, old canal at Cairo, 488 Klamatll Indians of Oregon, 336 Khan. ceremony at visiting a Tartar, 261: Knife as charm against spirits, 298; not to the Great, 301 be left edge upwards, 299 Khiin-ma, Tibetan goddess, 646 Knives, not used at meals after a funeral, Khonds, the, 338, 571, 730 299; of special pattern used In reaping Khor-Adar Dinka, the, 356 rice, 545 Kibanga, king of, 356 Knots, tying up the wind In, 106; prohibition Kickapoo Indians, 282 to wear, 230; untied at childbirth, 314, Kid, surname of Dionysus, 514 316; thought to prevent the consummation Kidneys tabooed to Malagasy soldiers, 29 of marriage, 317; thought to cause sickness Killer, of the Elephant, official who throttles and disease, 318 ; used to cure disease, win sick kings, 357; of tile Rye-woman, 563 a lover, or stop a runaway, 318: magical Killing the spirit of tile wind, 108; the virtue of, 319-20; tied in branches of treea divine king, 348-73; tile tree-spirit, 389- as remedies, 715 426; the divine animal, 654-79; a god, Koniags of Alaska, 787 699, 705, 768-75 Koran, on magical knots, 318 Kimbunda, the, of West Africa, 653 Kote, Maiden, title of Persephone, 553 King, the killing of the divine, 348-73: Kore, expelled on Easter Eve In Albania, 734 his life sympathetically bound up with Koryaks, the, 206, 683, 686 the prosperity of the country, 352-3, Koschei the Deathless, story of, 878 775; sacrifice of his son, 381-6; responsible Kostroma, funeral of, in Russia, 418 for weather and cro:DS, 385. See also Kings Kostrubonko, death and resurrection or. Klng and Queen, at Athens, 12 ; at Whit 418 sun tide, 174, 393; of May, 174, 393, 422 Koni hunters In Laos, 694 Klng, the Grass, 171, 394; the Leaf, 171; Krishna, Hindoo god, 133 the Roman, as Jupiter, 195 Kublal Khan, 301 Klng of tile Bean, 768; of the Calf, 602; Kubn, Adalbert, 843 of Fire, 142, 232, 350; ·of Rain, 92; of Kukulu, priestly king, 223 Rain and Storm, 141 : of Sacred Rites Kumus of South-eastern India, 720 at Rome, 12, 140, 200, 207; of Water, Kunama, the, 141 142, 232, 350; of the Wood at Nemi, 2, 3, Kupalo, mythical being, 418, 821, 853 10, 140, 185, 193, 215-16, 220, 354, 389, Kurmis of India, 740 396, 768, 776, 920, 930; of tile Years at Kurnai of Victoria, 251, 901 Lhassa, 75(}..1 Kuruvikkarans of Southern India, 124 King Hop in Siam, 375 Kwakiutllndians, 87, 691, 888 King's evil, 118, 269 -- Race at Wbitsuntide, 170 Labyrinth, the Cretan, 369 Kings, priestly, 12, 223, 268; Teutonic, 12; Lac, taboos observed In gatllcrlng, 27 magicians as, 109-19; touch for scrofula, Lada, mythical being In Russia, 418 118; divinity of, 119; as gods In India, Ladder, for tile use of a tree-spirit, 153; to 131 ; temples built In honour of, 138 ; facilitate tile descent of tile sun, 180 sacrifices to, 137; of nature, 14(}..4; of Lafttau, J. F., 337 rain, 142; of fire and water, 142; Roman, Lagos, in West Africa, 389, 569 194-7, 199, 200; supernatural powers Lagrange, Fatller, 445 attributed to, 196, 221; paternity of, 203; Lake-dwellers of Europe, 525 their lives regulated by strict rules, 222, Lakor, Island of, 741 256; taboos observed by, 226; beaten Laluba, the, of the Upper Nile, 112 before coronallon, 232: porualts of, not Lama of Tibet, the Grand, 135 952 Index Lamb, blood of, taste4 by priestess to 927: places struck by, enclosed and deemed procure lnspiradon, 124; as expiatory sacred, 927 victim, 296 ; thrown Into lake aa an offering Lime-trees, sacred, 212 513; killed sacramentally, 701 Linus or Allinus, Phoenician vintage song, Laments for Tammuz, 429; for Osiris, 482 559, 581 Lamps, dedication of, 4; to light ghosts 10 Lion, purification or killer or a, 292; llesb thdr old homes, 492 or heart eaten to make cater brave, 650 Landen. the battlefield of, 447 Lithuania, tree-worship In, 145; sacred Language, special, 131 ; change of, caused groves In, ISS; May Day In, 165; last by taboo, 334-6, 338 sheaf In, 533; harvest customs In, 534, Lanqulneros, the, 182 563 ; ceremonies observed at eating the Laos, In Siam, taboos observed at, 27, 30, ~~I' com In, 63~ I ; Midsummer fires In, 289, 778 up/3 mana/Is used In rain-making =co Lithuanians, 212, 299, 871 mony at Rome, I 02 Lltyerses, 558-87 Lawland, tying up the wind In, 107 Lizard, soul in form of, 240; or snake, In Laws, the, 292, 314, 321, 337, 684, 693, 793 ceremony for riddance of evils, 744 Latin League, the, 197, 221 LJeschle, Russian wood·SPirits, 610 Latinus, King, 197 Llama, black, as scapegoat, 741 Latium, ancient, the wooda of, 198 ; suo- Loan go, king of, 114, 130, 262, 265; taboos cession to the kingdom In, 200-9 observed by kings of, 226; food tabooed Latukaa of the Upper Nile, 112, 114, 302 to priests In, 314; girls secluded at Lanrel, 125, 195 puberty In, 780 lAws of Manu, 117, 131 Locks uulocked at childbirth, 314-15: Le Mole, on the Lake of Neml, 5 thought to prevent consummation of Leaf Man, the Little, 169; King, 171 marriage, 317; unlocked to facilitate Leapina:. to make crops grow high, 36; death, 320: nUsUetoc as a master·key to over bonfires, 734, 799, 803, 813, 817-20, open all, 868 825, 826, 846, 859 Locusts, chiefs held responsible for ravages Learchus, son of King Athamas, 382-3 z~ 114; superstitious precautions against, Leaves, disease transferred to. 707: fatigue 7 ttansferred to, 708 ; used to expel demona, Logan, W ., 363 743 Lnki and Balder, 796 Lechraln, 846; burying the Carnival In, 404 Lokolya, the, of the Upper Nile, I 12 Legs not to be crossed, 315, 316 Lotos of Western China, the, 242 Lelnster, taboos observed by the ancl~t Lombok, Island of, 550 kings of, 228 Longevity, charms to ensure, 46 Lemon, external souls of ogres in a. 876 'Longevity garments' in China, 47 Lendu tribe of Central Africa, 112 Loom not to be touched by a man, 279 Lengua Indians, the, 108, I 16, 334, 387, 690 'Lord of the Heavenly Hosts' In Slam, 375 Lent, personification of, 401 Lorraine, harvest customs in, 563, 590, 600 Lenten fires, 798 Love charms, 58 Leo the Great, 473 'Love Chase' among the Kirghiz, 206 Leopard's blood drunk or heart eaten to Loyalty Islands, recall of a lost soul In the. make eater brave, 650 244 Leopards, 685 ; external human souls in, Lutes or Tonocotes or the Gran Chaco, 721 896-8 Lusatia, •carrying out Death' in, 408-12 Lepers sacrificed by the Mexicans, 583 Luxor, paintings at, 187 Leprosy, 621 Lycurgus, king of the Thraclan Edoulana, Lerida In Catalonia, funeral of the Carnival 498-9, 516 at, 400 Lydia, religious prostitution In, 435; festival Lerotse leaves used In purification, 635 of Dionysus In, 513 Leti, island of, marriage of the Sun and Earth In, 179; •nnual expulsion of Ma, goddess at Comana In Pontus, 436 diseases In, 741 Mabuaig, continence observed during turtle Lcto, 158 season, 287; seclusion of girls at pubel1)' Letts of Russia, swing to make the fiaJ: in. 783 grow high, 380 Macahity, a Hawaiian festival, 372-3 Leucadlans, 758 M"Carthy, Sir Charles, eaten by the Atban- Leucippe, daughter of Mlnyas, 384 tecs to make them brave, 652 Lewis, the island of, I 07 Macdonald, Rev. James, 24, 890 Lhota Naga, the, 570 Macedonian calendar, 582 Libyans, the Alitemnlan, 205 MacGregor, Sir William, 110 Licence, period& of, 208, 724, 727, 731, 754, Macpherson, MajorS. C., 575 763 Macusls of British Guiana, 239, 787 Lightning, magical Imitation of, 83; Imita Madagascar, king of, aa high priest, 12: tion of, by kings, I 02, 196; talismana foods tabooed In, 28; custom of women against, 805, 820, 834, 835, 850; regarded while men are at war in. 34; magical as a god descending out of heaven, 926; use of stones in. 43 ; modes of counter strikes oak oftener than any other tree, actina evil omens, 48; fear or beillll Index 953 Madagascar-continued Mangalans, the, 252 photographed ln. 255; taboo on mention Mani of Chltombe or Iumba, 309 ing personal names in. 324; names of Manll at Aricia, many, 644 chiefs and kings tabooed, 340; crocodllea Manipur. RaJah of, and his human scapoo respected ln. 680. See also Malagasy goat, 711 Madanassana Bushmen. 622 Manius Egerius, 7. 645 Madi tribe of Central Africa. 701 Madonna and Isis. their resemblance. SOS M5~1t~jg~·5s'i.·6o'i. 66oi.6~i1!~~9.4J:O.ll~: Madura. inspired mediums in. 125 856,861 Magic. principles of. 14; sympathetic, 14-63, Man-slayers tabooed, 279-85 264, 266, 279. 289. 308, 312. 508, 530. 699; Manu, the Laws of. 117 homoeopathic or Imitative. 14-49, 82, Maori chiefs, 270, 303, 305, 309, 341 291. 315, 316. 449, 584, 648-54. 761. 840, Maoris, 150.259,270,277.307, 308, 692, 892 922; contagious, 14.49-59. 303, 308. 309; Maravea, the. of South Africa. 152 positive and negative, 25. 28, 37; public Marcellus of Bordeaux. 22, 713 and private, 59-80; and religion, 63-79, Marc, com-spirit as. 603 84. 119, 120. 214, 427; and science. Marena N~~f"ea, Northern, rites of Initiation In, Nootka Indians, 87,236,286,685,785,914: wizard, 23 --, South-eastern, annual expulsion of Normandy, bnrial of Shrove Tuesday In, demons In, 728 402 ; harvest customs In, 565 ; Brother· New Hebrides, contagious magic In the, 57: hood of the Green Wolf In, 823-4; pro magic of refuse of food In the, 265 : con• cessions on the eve of Twelfth Day In, 847 ception of the external soul In the, 895 Norrland, Midsummer bonfires In, 818 New Ireland, 780 Norse stories of the external soul, 881 New Mexico, the aridity of, 100: the indians North-American Indians, 277, 300, 649, of, 658, 722 651, 688, 694, 698, 778, 792, 888, 913 New South Wales, natives of, bury their Norway, 176; harvest customs In, 563, dead at fiood-tide, 46; tribes of, 50: way 565, 595-6; Midsummer fires in, 818; of stopping rain in, 84; the drama of superstitions about a parasitic rowan in, resurrection at Initiation In, 906-7 919 New Year, Chinese, 614; the Celtic, on Nubas of Jebei-Nuba, 267 November first, 829 Nufoors of Dutch New Guinea, 325, 329 New Year's Day, 731, 746; Eve, 705, 735 Numa, S, 194, 197, 199, 209, 217 New Zealand, sanctity of chiefs In, 269; Nut, Egyptian sky-goddess, mother of Osiris, sacredness of chiefs' blood and heads in, 477 . 303, 305: customs at hair-cutting In, Nuts passed across Midsummer fires, 824 307: magic use of spittle In, 312: names of Nyakang, first of the Shilluk kings, 351 chiefs tabooed In, 341 : effect of contact Nyanza, Lake, incarnate human god of, 129 with a sacred object In, 622; eyes of slain Nyassa, Lake, 780 chief swallowed by warriors In, 6S4; human scapegoats In, 711 Oak, the worship of the, 209-12, 862, 929; Ngarigo tribe of New South Wales, 653 effigy of Death burled under an, 407: Ngoio. a province of Congo. rule of succes the Drinclval sacred tree of the Aryans, sion to the chiefship In, 373 870; human representatives of the oak Nlas, Island of, magic In, 23: natives of, perhaps originally burnt'at the fire--festivals, believe In demons of trees, 153: conception 871-2; life of, in mistletoe, 918; supposed of the soul In, 237; detaining the soul In to bloom on Midsummer Eve, 924; struck the body in, 238: taboos observed by by lightning oftener than any other tree, bunters ln. 288; superstition as to personal 927 'lames in, 323 : succession to the chieftain Oak branch, In rain-charm. 101 : crown, ship in, 388: expulsion of demons In, 719; sacred to Jupiter and Juno, 195, 199; story of the external soul in, 887 god, 199, 212; leaves, 195, 866; mistle Nicaragua, the Indians of, 182 toe, an "all-healer,' 864-7: nymphs, at Nicholson, General, worshipped as a god, Rome, 194; -spirit, 918, 921; -trees, 132 sacrifices to, 212, and ague transferred to. Nicknames, 326 716 Nicobar Islands, heav:v rains attributed to -- wood, perpetual fire of, 212, 921; the wrath of spirits In the, 297 ; custom of used for the Yule log, 834, 835, 872: mourners In the, 334: changes in language used to kindle the Beltane fires, the need· caused by fear of naming the dead, 336: fire, and the Midsummer fires, 809, 813, expulsion of demons In the, 742 837, 870 Niger, belief as to external human souls Oaths, on stones, 43; taken by Mexican on the, 898 kings, liS, 137 lodged In animals 602; -goat, Ni~erla, Northern, custom of putting kings Oats Bride, 537; -cow, 601, to death In, 357 588, 596, 600; -mother, 527; -sow, 605; --. Southern, the priest of the Earth In, -stallion, 603 ; -wolf, 588, 590 778; theory of the external soul In, 887, O'Brien, Murrogh, 302 895-6 Octennial cycle based on an attemPI to Nightingale In magic, 42 harmonise lunar and solar time, 367-8 Nightjars, the lives of women In, 900 October horse, sacrifice of the, 628 Nile, the rise and fall of the, 486; thought Odin, sacrifice of king's sons to, 367, 381: to be swollen by the tears of Isis, 487: legend of the deposition of, 367 ; human the • bride' of the, 488; money and offerings sacrifices to, 467 of gold thrown into the, 488 O'Donovan, E .. 319 --. the Upper, medicine-men as chiefs Offspring, charms to procure, 18-19 among tbe tribes of, 111: Kings of the Ogres in stories of the external soul, 875-6, on, 141 878 Rain Oil, in magic, 30, 33, 34, 100; of St. John, --, the White, 351, 740 572 :Nine, a number used in magical ccremonlea, 866, 924 ; human victhn anointed with, 23. 318, 374, 630, 809, 813, 818, 820, Ointment, magical, 54 etc., Ojebway Indians, 17, 58, 102, 148, 278, 323 915 OJala, secret society of :Niska Indians, 915 :Ni~~!· ~~~ians of British Columbia, of devils :Nisus, king of Megara, story of, 877 Old Calabar, 156, 648; expulsion and ghosts In, 743 :N oessa Laut, magic in, 23 the, 497: Nonnus, on death of Dionysus, 511 Old Man, Arab custom of burying Noon. rear to lose the shadow at, 252 the last sheaf called the, 529,561,601 Index 951 Old men, savage communltles ruled by, 61 Ox, in magic, 28, 40, 95 ; com-spirit as, -- Rye woman, 563, 611 600, 612-15; slaughtered at tbresblng, -- Wife, name given to last com cut, 530 603; sacrificed at the Bouphonla, 612; -- Witch, burning the, 564 effigy of. broken as a spring ceremony in --Woman, of the Corn, 490; last ears or China, 614 corn called, 526; last sheaf called, 529; Oyo, king of, among the Yorubas, 361 killing the, 563 ; burning the, 804 -- Woman who Never Dies, North American Indian personification of maize, Pacific, oracular Inspiration of priests in the 552 Southern, 123 Oldenberg, Professor, 88 Paddy (unhusked rice), the Father and Oldfield, A., 331 Mother of the, 551 Oleae, the, at Orchomenus. 384 Padlock as amulet, 319 Olive wood. sacred images carved of. 9 Paganism and Christianity, resemblances Olofaet, a fire-god, in Namoluk. 926 explained as diabolleal counterfeits, 471, Olob Ngadjn of Borneo, the, 646 475 Olympia, races for the kingdom at, 206 Palatinate. mimic contest between Summer Omaha Indians, 83, 284, 621, 622 and Winter In the, 417 Omens. magic to annul evil. 48: from --. the Upper, trees asked for pardon on observation of the sky, 368; from boiling being felled In, 149 milk, 633; from the smoke and Dames Palatine Hill at Rome, 146 of bonfires, 802, 806, 807, 813, 817, 844; Paienque In Central America, ruins of, 13 from cakes rolled down bill, 812; or Palm-branches. in ceremony to procure marriage, 820, 846 rain, 98 ; ashes of, mixed with seed at Omonga, a rice·S!Iirlt, 548 sowing, 805 ; stuck in fields to protect On or Aun, king of Sweden, 367, 381 them against hall, 808 Ongtong Java Islands, ceremony at re- --Sunday, 98, 164,922 ception of strangers in the, 258 -- -tree. thought to ensure fertility, 156 Onitsha, on the Niger, king of, 264; cere Pan's Image whipped with squills, 759 mony at eating the new yams at, 633 ; Panes, festival of. 655 human scapegoats at. 746 Pango, title signifying god, 130 Oracles, given by the king as representative Pans, rustic Greek deities, 610 of the god, 123; by inspired priests, 123 Panther, ceremony at the killing of a, 292 Oracular spring at Dodona. 194 Panua, tribe of Khonds, 571 Oraons of Bengal, 190. 450, 570 Paphos in Cyprus. 434 ; sanctuary ot Orchomenus In Boeotia, human saerlftces at, Aphrodite at, 434; religious prostitution 383 at, 436 Ordeal of battle, 209; by polson, 387 Papuans, the, 56,651, 892; of Finsch Haven, Orestes at Neml, 3, 8, 286 325 Oriental religions In the West, 469-76 Papyrus,-of Nebsen!, 501 ; of Nekht, 501 Orinoco, Indians of the, 36, 37, 94, 96, 102, Parents-In-law, their names not to be pro 687 nounced, 328-30 Orion, the constellation, 467 Pariiia, the, Roman festival of shepherds, Orissa, Queen Victoria worshipped as a 203,474 deity In, 132 Parkinson, John, 370 Orkney Islands, transference of slc:lrness by Parrot, external soul of warlock In a, 876 means of water in the, 713 Parrots' eggs, a signal of death, 360 Orotcbls, bear-festivals of the, 674 Parthian monarchs brothers of the Sun, 137 Orpheus, the legend of his death, 499 Pirvad and Siva, marriage of the intages of, Osiris, 68, 428, 582; the myth of, 477-84; 421 the ritual of, 485-97 ; the nature of, 497- Paschal candle, 805 503; and the •un, 505-7. the cults or -- Mountains, Easter fires on the, 806 Adonis, Attis, Dionysus, and, 558; key to Passier, In Sumatra, king of, 365 mysteries of, 584; and the pig, 620, 623; In Pa~~9ra1 tribes, animal sacraments among, relation to sacred bulls, 625 Osiris, Adonis, Attis. their mytbleal similarity, Pa~fonia, 312; remedy for smallpox In, 428 'Osiris of the mysteries, • 495 Patanl Bay, the Malays of, 241 Osiris-SeP. title of Osiris, 494 Paternity of kings a matter of lndllference Ostiaks, the, 683 under female kinship, 203 Ostrich, ghost of, deceived, 690 Paton, W. R., 760 Ot Dan oms of Borneo, 257, 782 Pawnees, the, 296, 368 Ottawa Indians, 282, 685, 691 Payaguas of South America, 108 Ounce, ceremony at killing an, 686 Pea-mother, 526, 527; -wolf, 588 •our Mothu amana the Water,' Mexican Peacock, a totem of the Bblls, 623 goddess, 771 Pear-tree as protector of cattle, 157; as Hfo- Ovambo of South-west Africa, 296 lndex of a girl, 893 Owl, eyes of ,eaten to make eater see In the Pearls. In homoeopatblc magic, 49 dark, 65 I ; life of a person bound up with Peas-cow, 602; -pug, 589 that of an, 896; sex totem of women, 901 Pebbles thrown Into Midsummer fires, 823 958 Index Pelew Islands, 133; seclusion of man at the marriage of Sun and Earth, 180; slayers In, 283 ; taboos observed by rela at the Thesmophoria, 616, 624; sacri tions of murdered man in the. 300 ficed to the moon and to Osiris, 620; Pelops and Hippodamia, 206 reasons for not eating the flesh of, 649; Penance observed after building a new house. driven through Midsummer lire, 822, 154; for killing a boa-<:<>nstrictor, 293 and through the need-fire, 838; offered Pennefather River in Queensland. the natives to monster who swallows novices in of the, 51 Initiation, 909, 911 Pennyroyal, burnt in Midsummer lire, 827 Pillar. fever transferred to a, 71S Pentheus, king of Thebes, 498, 516 Pine-cones, symbols of fertility, 464: thrown Pepper as a cure or exorcism, 258; dropped into vaults of Demeter, 464 into eyes of strangers, 261 -- -tree, in the myth and ritual of Attis, Perche, in France, homoeooathic cure for 457, 459, 461, 463: In the rites of Osiris, vomiting in, 21 500; sacred to Dionysus, 510 Perils of the soul, 235-55 Pipiles of Central America, 179 Perkunas or Perkuns, the Lithuanian god Pirua, granary of maize. 543 of thunder •nd lightning, 212 Pitteri Pennu, Khond god of increase, 730 Pe6t'J'hone, 430, 517-22, 523, 545, 553-7, Placenta (afterbirth) and navel--string, CODtacious magiC or, 51-3 Persia, horses sacrificed to the Sun in, I 04; Plague, transferred to camel, 709; sent temporary kings in, 380; king of, 777 away ln scapeaoat, 740 Personification of abstract ideas not Plane-tree, Dionysus In, 510 primitive, 415 Planets, human victims sacrificed to. 583 Peru, Indians or, 39, 43, 190, 311, 691; Plantain~tree, afterbirth buried under a. theocratic despotism of ancient, 63 52; fertilised by parents or twins, 181 Perun, the thunder-god of the Slavs, 212 Plants. magic to make them grow. 36; Peruvian Andes. 104 inft.uence persons homoeooathically. 38; Peruvians, the ancient, 542 sexes of, ISO; thought to be animated Pessin us, priestly kings at, 12; local legend by spirits, 639; external soul in, 892 of Attis at, 457; Image of the Mother of Plataea, festival of the Daedala at, 188; the "the Gods at, 458; high-priest of Cybele Archon of, 296 at, 465; high-priest perhaps slain In the Plough, ia relation to Dionysus, 510; piece character of Attis at, 579 of Yule log Inserted In the, 845 Phaedra and Hippolytus, 6, 9 Ploughing. by women as a rain--charm. 92: Phalarls and his brazen bull, 370 ceremony of. performed by temporary Phaya Phollathep, 'Lord of the Heavenly king, 374, 379; Prussian custom at, 450; Hosts.' temporary king in Siam, 375 in rites of Osiris, 494 Pheneus, lake of, 145 Plurality of souls, doctrine of the, 903 Pbilae, the sculptures at, 495, 501 Pluto, carries off Persephone, 518, 616-17 Philippine Islands, the, belief that souls of Plutus, begotten In thric~>plougbed field, anceston are in certain trees in, 151; 554 grave of the Creator in, 348 ; human Poison, continence observed at brewing, 289 sacrifices In, 467, 569 ; bead-bunting in, Poison ordeal, 387 580 Poland, objection to iron ploughshares In, Philo of Byblus, 385 297 ; harvest customs In, 532, 534, 593; Philosophy, as a solvent of religion, 214; Christmas custom In, 592 ; need-lire In, primitive, 347 839 Philostratus, on death at low tide, 45 Pole-star, bomoeopathic magic of the, 45 Phoenicia, song of Linus in, 559 Pollution and holiness not dilferentiared by Phoenician temples, 435; kings in Cyprus, savages. 294 438; vintage song, 559, 581 Polynesia, taboos In, 270, 272, 341; sacred Pbrixus and Helle, cbildren of King Athamas, ness of the bead In, 304; Infanticide In, 382 386 Pbrygia, 457, 466 ; Lityerses In, 560 Polynesian chiefs sacred, 270 Phrygian cosmogony, 457; cap of Attls, 465 Polynesians. oracular inspiration of oriests Picardy, harvest customs In, 593; Lenten among the, 123 ; their way of ridding fire-customs in, 801 themselves of sacred contagion. 622 Picts, female descent of kingship among the, Polytheism evolved out of animism. 154 205 Pomegranate causes virgin to conceive. 4S7 Piers, Sir Henry, 158 Pomegranates sprung from the blood of Pia. sacrificed for rain or sunshine, 95: blood Dionysus, S 12 ; seeds of, not eaten at the of a, drunk as a means of inspiration. 124; Thesmophorla, S 12 and lamb as expiatory victims. 296; corn .. Pomerania. harvest custom in, 566 spirit as a. 604-7; in relation to Demeter, Pometia sacked by the Romans, 7 615, and Attis, 619; attitude of Jews to the, Pommerol, Dr., 801 620 ; in ancient Egypt, 620 : used to decoy Pomos of California, 736 demons, 719, 728; See also Pigs Pompey the Great, 431 Pigeon, family of Wild, In Samoa, 622 Ponape, one of the Caroline Islands. treat... Pigs, magical ceremonies to catch wild, 23; ment of the navel-strlna In, 52; king of, magical stones to breed, 44 ; sacrificed 306 Index 959 Ponaol, Hlndoo family festival, 633 Prussia, West, harvest customs In, 529, 600: Pon.J Sub/Ictus at Rome, 296 pretence of birth or child on harvest Poona, rain-making at, 92; incarnation or field in, 535, 554 elephant-beaded god at, 132 Prusslan rulers formerly burnt, 361 Poor Man, name applied to the com-spirit Prussians, the old, 380; their fUneral fcaats, after harvest, 611 299 ; supreme ruler of, 361 -- Old Woman, last sheaf left for, 611 Psoloeis, the, at Orchomenus, 384 --Woman. name applied to the corn-spirit Psylli, a Snake clan. 109, 658 after harvest, 611 Ptarmigans and ducks, dramatic contest of Poplar wood used to kindle need-fire, 837 the, among the Esquimaux, 418 Porta Capena at Rome, 5, 462 Puberty, girls secluded at, 780; Initiatory Portraits, souls In, 254 rites at, 905 Portugal, belief as to death at ebb tide In, Punchkin and the parrot, story of, 875, 900, 46 903 Poseidon, 128, 618 Punjaub, the, General Nicholson worshipped Potato Woman, the Old, 533; -mother, in h.is lifetime in, 132; human sacrifice in, 543; -wolf, 588, 591, -dog, 590 148; belief as to tattooing in, 237; Snake Potatoes, magical stones for increase or. tribe in, 702-3; human scapegoat in, 741 43 ; custom at eating new, 631 Puppets, of rushes thrown into the Tiber, Prayers, to the sun, 18, 34, 102: for rain, 93, 647 ; used to attract demons of sickness 101, I 13, 155, 209-13; to Dionysus, 510; to from livit Slave:, charm to bring back a runaway, 41 Sopater accused or binding the winds, 106 Slave priest at Neml, 3 Sorceren, Ill, 308, 310-12; souls extracted Slave Coast of West Africa, negroes of the, or detained by, 247; Influence wielded by, I 53: exorcism of demons from cWidren 259 : Injure men through their names, 322: on the, 258, 298: precautions as to the exorcise demons, 719 spittle of kings on the, 313 Sorcery, the dread of, 308, 905 ; protections Sla ~~.. j\;":nse granted to, at the Saturnalia, against, 813, 824, 868 2 Sorrowful One, vaults of the, 489 Slavonia, harvest customs In, 532: the Com Sothis, Egyptian name for Sirius, 488 spirit in, 589; custom of 'carrying out Soul, the perils of the, 23 5 ; as a mannlldu, Death' In, 757: the Yule log In, 835: need 235 ; absence and recall of the, 237: as a fire tn, 839; stories of the external soul in. shadow and a reflection, 250-4 : In the 878 blood, 300, 303 ; identified with the Slavonians, South, 39, 41, ISO, 157, 850. personal name, 322: of man-god, 349: See also Slavs succession to the, 38&-9: or the rice, 544, Slavs, 145, 212. 366, 398, 527. 849, 871; 546; thought to be seated in the liver, of Carinthia, 166; South, 58, 833 652; the notion of a, 903 ; the unity and Sleep, charms to cause, 39; absence of the Indivisibility of the, 903. See also Souls ooul In, 239--40; forbidden in house after --. the external, In folk-tales, 874-88; a death, 240: sick people not allowed to, In inanimate things, 888 ; in plants, 892; 254 In animals, 894: I T~ltl-dgl,., need-fin:, In Scotland, 809 Tigers, respected In Sumatra, 681 Telepathy, magical, 29, 32, 33 Timmes, the, of Sierra Leone, 232 Telugus, thelr way of stopping rain, 84 Timor, island of, telepathy in, 33: fetish or Temple at Jerusalem, built without iron, 296 taboo rajah in, 234: war customs In, 280: Temples built in honout of living kings of transference of fatigue to leaves In, 708 Babylon, and of Egypt, 137 Timorlaut Islands, 639, 739 Tenedos, isle of, 383, 516 Tlnneh or Dene Indians, 274: of North- Tepehuanes of Mexico, 2S4 west America, 638 Teton Indians, 687 Titans kill DionySus, 511 Teutonic kings as priests, 12: stories of the Tiyans of Malabar, 788 external soul, 880: thunder-god, 212 Tlingit or Thlinkeet Indians, 309, o92, 786 Tezcatlipoco, Mexican god, 769 Tlokoala, a secret society of the Nootka Tharge)ia, Greek festival of the, 758, 762 Indians, 915 Thebes, the Boeotian, grave of DionySUS at, Toads in relation to rain, 96 512 Tobacco, used as an emetic, 636-7 Thebes, In Egypt, 187, 229: Valley of the Tobacco smoke, priest inspired by, 125 Kings at, 496: annual sacrifice of ram to Toboongkoo, the, of Central Celebes, 153 Ammon at, 627, 656 Todas, a tribe of Southern India, 131, 231, Theddora tribe of South-east Australia, 653 700 Theocracies in America, 224 Togoland, expulsion of devils in, 728 Theogamy. divine marriage, 185 Tolalaki, the, of Central Celebes, 653 Theology distinguished from religion, 66 Tolampoos, the, of Central Celebes, 322 Theseus and Hippolytus, 6 Tomori, the, of Central Celebes, 153, 548 Thesmophoria, ancient Greek festival, 464, Tonapoo. the, of Central Celebes, 154 489, 512, 616-17 Tonga, chief's touch thought to heal scrofula Thevet, F. A., 116 in, 118 ; veneratJon paid to divine chiefs Thieves' candles, 39-40, 74 in, 233: kings of, 268, 304: tabooed per Thlinkeet or Tlingit Indians, 309, 692, 786 sons not allowed to handle food In, 272: Thompson Indians of British Columbia, 35, ceremony performed after contact with a 58, 639,926 sacred chief in, 622 Thonga, Bantu tribe of South Africa, 926 Tonquin, division of monarchy In, 233: Thor, the Norse thunder-god, 211 annual expulsion of demons in. 731 Thorn bushes to keep off ghosts, 273 Toothache, transferred to enemies, 707: Thorns. wreaths of, hung up as a sign to remedy for, 713 warn oft' strangers. 731 Toradjas of Central Celebes, 23, 27, 90, 94, Thoth, Egyptian god of wisdom, 477, 479 99, 154, 260, 307, 548, 761 Thrace, worship of DionySus In, 509 : the Torches, offered by women to Diana, 4; Bacchanals of, 514: human scapegoat in, used to mimic lightning, 102; used in 758 expulsion of demons, 718, 720, 726, 727, Thraolan gods ruddy and blue-eyed, 342 731, 733, 737: In expulsion of witches, Thread, use of, in magic, 238, 318, 715 734, 736: processions with lighted, 799, Thresher of the last com, 526, 533-4, 589, 800, 847: carried round folds, 826: applied 600, 602, 604 to fruit trees to fertilise them, 847 Thresher-cow. in the Canton of Zurich. 602 Torres Straits Islands, 791 ; magic in the, Threshing, customs at, 526, 533. 551, 563-5, 23 : personal names tabooed In, 330: 567. 589-91, 593, 596, 599, 602, 604 seclusion of girls at puberty in, 783 Threshing-dog, 589 Tortoises in magic, 47; reasons for not Thrumalun. mythical being in Australia, 907 eating, 649 Thunar or Donar. German thunder-god. 211 Totem, skin disease supposed to be caused Thunder, Imitation of, 82: kings expected to by eating, 621 : supposed effect of killing, make, 196: expiation for hearing, 230; 902; receptacle for a man's external soul, Midsummer fires a protection against, 903: transference of soul to, 905, 916 821, 824 Totem animal, artificial, 915: clans, 22, 661, Thunder-beings, 687: -besom, 867, 928: 916 -bird, the mythical, 785: -god, 212 Totemlsm, in Australia and America, 698: Thunderbolt, Zeus surnamed the, 210 suggested theory of, 902 Thuremlin, a mythical being, 906 Totems. magical ceremonies for the multi- Thfiringen. homoeopathic magic at sowing plication of the, 22, 112-13 ftax in, 36: May King in, 170: Whit Toumbuluh tribe of North Celebes, 315, 316 suntide mummers in, 392, 395: carrying Toxcatl, old Mexican festival, 769 out Death in, 405 : customs at threshing Transmigration of human souls, into turtles, In, 534, 602: the Harvest-cock in, 593: 661: into bears, 670: into totem animals, • the Boar in the com' in, 604 ; Midsummer 904 fires in, 859 Transubstantiation, 643 Tiber, puppets thrown into the, 647 Transylvania, rain-making In, 93: festival Tibet, the Grand Lamas of, 135 : incarnate of Green George in, 167 ; continence at human gods in, 136: vicarious use of sowing in, 182: saying as to sleeping child Images in, 645: human scapegoats in, 749 in, 240: harvest customs In, 592, 594, 599: Tibetan new year, 749 customs at sowin~ in, 695; story of the ex• Tides, homoeopatltic maalc of the, 45-6 ternal soul in, 880 968 Index Transylvania, the Germans of, 31 S : the Rou Turmeric cultivated, 571, 575 manians of, 2S2, 299, 450; the Saxons of, Turner•s picture of the Golden Bough, 1 314,403, 411,416, S99, 69S, 880 •Turquoise, Mistress of: at Sinai, 435 Travancore, the Rajah of, 712 Turtle, magical models of, 23 Tree, that has been struck by lightning, lOS, Turtles, killing the sacred, 658: trans 926: decked with sham bracelets, etc.• 4SO: migration of human souls into, 661 burnt in the Midsummer bonfire. 819, Twanyirika. an Australian spirit, 907 822 : external soul in a, 877, 890. See also Twelfth Day, ceremony of the King at Trees Carcassone on, 704; the Eve of, 736, 798, Tree-agates, 44 847 --·spirit. represented simultaneously In -- Night, expulsion of the powers of evil ve~etable and human form. 164: re on, 736: the King of the Bean on, 768: presentative of, thrown into water to the Yule log on, 834 ensure rain. 166; killing of the, 389-426: Twelve Days from Christmas to Twelfth resurrection of the. 395 ; in relation to the Night. precautions against witches during vegetation-spirit. 414-16; Attis as a. 463; the. 735; Nights, remains of Yule log Osiris as a. 500; effigies of. burnt in bonfires, scattered over the fields during the, 834 852: human representatives of. PUt to Twins, 38, 300: taboos laid on parents of, death, 8S4, 870 86 ; supoosed to possess magical powers. ---spirits, 144-54; benefi.,;ent powers of, 8&-7: associated with salmon, and the 1S4-8, 852; In human form or embodied grizzly bear. 87: called children of the In living people, 164 sky, 87: water poured on graves of, 88; ---worship. 144: among the ancient parents of, thought to be able to fertilise Germans. 145; among European families plantain trees, 180 of the Aryan stock, 145: among the 'Two Brothers, The,' Egyptian tale of, 882 Lithuanians, 145; In ancient Greece and Tycoons, the. 232 Italy. 146: among the Finnish-Ugrian Typhon, or Set, the brother of Osiris, 478, stock in Europe, 146 ; notions at the root 480,623 of, 146: In modem Europe, relics of, 158- Tyrol, the, witches In, 309: disposal of loose 78 hair In, 312; wedding-ring as amulet In, Trees, worship of. 144: oracular. 146; re 321: customs at threshing In, 564: the garded as animate. 146: sacrifices offered last thresher In, 590, S99 : 'burning out the to, 148-9. 152, IS3, 155: sensitive, 148; witches' In, 734, 814: Lenten fires in, 802: apologies offered to, for cutting them Midsummer fires In, 819 : fern-seed in, 922 down, 148: bleeding, 148: threatened to make them bear fruit, 149; married to each Ualaroi, the, of the Darling River, 907 other, 150; in blossom treated like Uap, island of, taboos observed by Osher pregnant women, 151 : animated by the men In, 287 souls of tbe dead, 151: planted on graves, Uea, one of the Loyalty Islands, 244 152: demons In, 152: ceremonies at Uganda, 274: priest Inspired by tobacco cutting down. 153; grant women an easy smoke In, 12S; taboos observed by father delivery, ISS: sacred, 158: represented on of twins In, 300 : klng's brothers burnt the monuments of Osiris. 50 I ; In relation In, 376: human scapegoats In, 712, 741;. to Dionysus, S09 ; evils transferred to, 71 S ; king of, 712, 741, 777 • burnt in bonfires, 802, 806, 819, 824, Ukraine, ceremony to fertilise the fields on 852 : lives of people bound up with, St. George's Day In the, 181 892-3; passing through cleft trees as a cure Ullase, East Indian Island, 252, 258 for various maladies, 893-4; fire thought Ulster. taboos observed by the ancient klnp by savages to be stored like sap In, 924 Tribute of youths and maidens sent to the of. 228 Minotaur, 369 Umbrians. ordeal of battle among the, 209 Trinity. the Hindoo, 68 Unconquered Sun, Mithra identified with Triptolemus, prince of Eleusls, 519, 521, 617 the. 472 Troezen, sanctuary of Hipoolytus at, 8 U ni vel"lial beater, mistletoe called, 863 Trolls. 808, 818, 868. 925 Unmatjera tribe of Central Australia, 907 Tsetsaut Indians of British Columbia, 785 Unreason. Abbot of, 768 Tshi-speaking peoples of the Gold Coast, 34 UDSala, sacred grove at, 14S; festival at, Tsirnshian Indians of British Columbta, 87 367; sacriticeofking's sons at, 381: human Tsuen-cheu-fu, in China, geomancy at, 47 - sacrifices at, 467 Tuaregs of the Sahara, 332 Upulero, the spirit of the sun, 18 Tiibingen, burying the Carnival near. 403 Ur. the fourth dynasty of, 137 Tuhoe tribe of Maoris, 157 Urua, divinity claimed by the chief of, 129 TuUus Hostilius, king of Rome, 186, 209 Tumleo, island of, 56 Valerius Soranus, 34S Tuna, a spirit, expulsion of, 723 Vampyres, need-fire kindled as a safe-guard Turcornan cure for fever, 319 against, 839, 849 Turkestan. human scapegoat in, 712 Vancouver Island, 78S Turks, exorcism practised by the, 2S7 ; Vedijovis, she-goat sacrifieed to, S17 preserve their nail-parings for use at the Vegetable and aulmal life associated In the resurrection, 311 ; of , Central Asia, 65 I primitive mind, 427 Index 969 Vegetation, homoeopathlc Influence of Wagtail, tlleycllow,ln magic, 20 persons on, 38; spirit of, 163, 164, 167-70, Walzganthos, an old Prussian god, 380 173 ; Influence of the sexes on, 178-84; Wajagga of East Africa, 313 men and women masQuerading as the Wakanda, a spirit, 285 spirits of, 184 ; marriage of the powers of, Wakelbura of Australia, 238, 790 193 ; death and revival of the spirit of, Wakondyo of Central Africa. 100 395,414,419-21; perhaps generalised from Walber, the, 166, 167 a trec>spirit, 415-16, 446; growth and Waldemar 1., King of Denmark, 117 decay of, 427, 506; decay and revival of, In Wales, belief as to death at ebb tide In, 46: the rites of Adonis, 443 ; gardens of harvest customs In, 531 ; falling sickness Adonis charms to promote the growth of, transferred to fowls In, 714; Beltane fires 449-51 ; Attis as a god of, 463; Osiris as In, 813; Midsummer fires In, 825, 845; a god of, SOl, 506; decay and growth of, Hallowe'en fires In, 832; mistletoe in, 866, conceived as the death and resurrection of 868 gods, 508 ; anrlent deities of, as animals, Walhalla, mistletoe growing cast of, 796 610-29; Mars a deity of, 756; spirit of, Wallachia, crown of last cars of com worn burnt In effigy, 852 ; reasons for burning by girl at harvest In, 450 a deity of, 852-3; leaf-clad representative of Walos of Senegambia, 864 the spirit of, burnt, 854 ; view that victims Walpurgls Day in Upper Franken, 807 of the Druids represented spirits of, 861 -- Night, witches abroad on, 734, 814; 'Veins of the Nile,' 488 annual expulsion of witches on, 73S Veleda, a deified woman, 128 Wambugwe of East Africa, 95, 111 Vendte, custom at threshing in, 534 Wandorobbo of East Africa, 289 Venison, ill effect of eating, 650 Waulka of East Africa, 147 Venus (Aphrodite) and Adonis, 6, 9, 10 War, telepathy in, 32-6; rules of ceremonial Venus, the phnet, identified with Astarte, J)urity observed in, 277; continence in, 456,488 277-80 Vermin, from hair returned to their owner, Warlock, the Invulnerable, stories of, 875 311; propitiated by farmers, 695; exorcised Warramunga of Central Australla, 22 with torches, 847 Warriors tabooed, 277, 778 Verres. Roman governor, 523 Warts, transferred to ash-tree, 715 Vervain, 22, 815-17 Warua, the, 262 Vesta, temple of, 4, 921 ; perpetual fire of, 4, Washing, forbidden for magical reasons, 27, 871 30, 90; -practised as a ceremonial puri Vestal lire, 4; at Neml, 215-6 fication by the Jews, and by the Greeks, -- Virgins, 4, 201, 310, 628, 647 621-2 Vestals, 5, 191 Wataturu of East Africa, 111 Victoria, Queen, worshipped In Orissa, 132 Watchdogs, charm to silence, 40 Victoria, aborigines of, 58, 333; sex totems Water, used in charms, 33, 82, 88, 93, 449; In, 901 kings of, 143; In Midsummer festival, Victoria Nyanza, Lake, 114 203, 819; of Life, lshtar sprinkled with, Vine, the, cultivation of, Introduced by 429; used to wash away sins, 711 Osiris, 478, SOl; In relation to Dionysus, Watcr-ouscl, heart of, eaten to make cater 509 wise and eloquent, 6S I Vintage song, Phoenician, SS9, 581 ---spirits, propitiation of, 167; women Violets sprung from the blood of Allis, 459 married to, 191 ; sacrifices to, 193; danKer Virbius, 6, 10, 186, 215--16, 397, 626, 92S of, 2S3 Virgin, the Heavenly, mother of the Sun, 472 Wawamba of Central Africa, 100 Virgin Mary and Isis, SOS Wax figures In magic, 713 -- mothers, tales of, 4S7 Weapon and wound, contagious magic of, Virgins, sacrifice of, 192, 438 54-6 Vitu Levu, Fijian Island, 910 Weapons, Drayers to, 35: of warriors, Vllzilipuztli, a great Mexican god, 641 purification of, 282; aharp, tabooed, 298 Volgtland, locks unlocked at childbirth ln. Weariness, transferred to stones, 708 31S; bonfires on Walpurgjs Night Ia, 814 Weather, magical control of the, 79-109 Volga, sacred groves among the tribes of Weaving, charm to ensure skill in, 42 the, 146 Wedding ring amulet against witchcraft, 321 Vomiting, homocopathlc:cure for, 21; as a Weevils spared by Esthonian peasants, 69S religious rite, 636 Wells, cleansed as rain-charm, 88; men• Vosges, the, disposal of cut hair and nails struous women kept from, 791, 794 In, 312; harvest customs in, S90; Mid Wends, the, 157, S29, S93; of Saxony, 926 summer fires in, 824, 844; cats burnt alive Wermland in Sweden, treatment of strangers on Shrove Tuesday in, 859 on the threshing-floor In, S67; grain of Vosges Mountains, the, May customs In, last sheaf baked In a girl-shaped loaf In, 160; 'catching the cat' in, 596 630 Voyages, telepathy-In, 32 Wcstermarck, Dr. Edward, 841 Westphalia, the Whitsuntide Bride In, 178; Wadal, Sultan of, 263, 360 the last sheaf at harvest In, S28 ; the Wagcia of East Africa, 283 Harvest-cock in, S93 ; Easter fires In, Waao&o of East Africa, 30, 9S, 111, 6SO 80S; the Yule log ln. 834 970 Index Wetar, East Indian Island, stabbing people'• • Witch-shots,' 850 r!~~~j" In, 250; belief regarding leprosy Witchcraft, dread of, 257, 312: strangen suspcx:ted of practising, 257 ; practised In Whale, solemn burial of dead, 294 Scotland, 711 ; protections against, 799, Wbale's ghost, fear of injuring, 291 812, 820-3, 849, 859, 868, 871, 919, 925; Whalers, taboos observed by, 286, 291 need-fire, a sovereign remedy for, 839; Wba1es, ceremonies observed at the slaughter ailments attributed to, 850 ; fatal to milk or, 616 and butter, 868 Wheat and barley, the cultivation of, lntro Witches, 58; raise_the wind, 106-7: make daced by Osiris, 478; discovered by Ills, S03 use of cut hair, 308, 312; protectlonll Wbeat Bride, 538; -cock, 593; -cow, 601; against, 320, 812. 821; expulsion of, -dos, 589-90; -goat, 597; -man, 563; 734; burning of, 734'-6, 813, 832, 861; -mother, 527; -pug, 590; -sow, 605; -wolf, shooting the, 735; effigies of, burnt In 390-1 bonftres, 799, 802-3, 849, 861 ; charm Wheel, elBgy of Death attached to a, 410; to protect fields against, 805 ; cast spello lire kindled by the rotation or a. 821, on cattle, 812; steal milk from cows, 837, 843; as a symbol of the sun, 843 812, 821, 823, 849; abroad on WalpiU'gls Wbeels, burning, rolled down hill, 802, 803, Night, 814; driving away, 814; resort 806, 815-17, 819, 840, 842, 845; rolled to the Blocksberg, 818; steal milk and OYel' fields at Midsummer to fertilise them. butter, 823; abroad at Hallowe'en, 831 ; 824, 848; perhaps Intended to burn cause bail and thunderstorms, 850: witches, 850 burning missiles thrown at, 850 ; brought Wblt-Monday, custom observed by Russian down from the clouds by shots and girls on, 169; the Leaf King at Hildesheim smoke, 850-1 ; thought to keep their on, 171 ; the king In Bohemia on. 171 : strength In their hair, 891; tortured In the klnll's game on, 173; pretence of be India, 892; animal familiars or, 896 hcadina a leaf-clad man on, 391 ; pretence Witchetty grubs, 22 of beheading the king on, 393 Wives, taboos observed by, 28-33 Whitsun-Bride In Denmark, 175 Wizards, 56; Finnish, I 06 ; capture human Wbltsuntlde, races at, 163, 170; contests for souls, 247-8; thought to keep their the kingship at, 170, 174; drama of strength In their hair, 891; animal familiarl Summer and Winter at, 417 of, 895~ WbiUuntlde Basket, 170; Bride, 174, 175, Wolf, track of, In contagious magic, 58; 178; Bridegroom, 175; crown, 174, 175; com-spirit as, 589 ; last sheaf at harvest customs, 160, 163, 169-78; King, 170, called, 590-2; beast-god of Lycopolls 174--5, 393; -lout, 169; mummers, 389- In Egypt, 657; ceremonies at killing a, 97; Queen, 173, 174, 393 683; the Green, 823, 854, 869 Wicker giants at popular festivals In Europe, Wolf society among the Nootka Indians, 856; burnt In summer bonfires, 858 rite of initiation Into, 914--15 Widows and widowers, mourning custom1 Women, taboos observed by, 26, 32, 33: observed by, 272 dances of, 34-7, 83 ; employed to sow Wife, tile Old, name given to the last corn fields on the principle of bomoeopathic cut, 530 ma&lc, 36; plough as a rain-charm, 92: Wife's infidelity thought to InJure her worshipped by ancient Germans, 128; absent husband, 30, 33 married to gods, 187-92; tabooed at Wild animals, propitiated by hunters, 679-97 menstruation and childbirth, 273-7. -- Man, a Whitsuntlde mummer, 614 790; not allowed to mention husbands' WIDow, mistletoe growing on, 864 names, 328-9 : lnftucncc of corn--spirit on. WiDow-tree, 894; at festival of Green Georae S40; thought to have no soul, 652: amoRg the gypsies, 167 ceremonies perfornted by, to rid fields Wlnamwanga of Northern Rhodesia, 926 of vermin, 696; put to death In the Wind, the magical control of the, 105-9; character of goddesses In Mexico, 771 ; of the Cross, 107; In the com, sayings as impregnated by the sun, 790: dread of to the, 526, 589, 596, 600, 603, 604, 608 menstruous, 790 Winds, charms to calm the, I 06; sold to --, barren, charms to procure offspring. saAors, 106; tied UP in knots, 107; kept 18; sterilising lnlluence ascribed to, 37, in jars, 224 180; thought to conceive through eating Wine, the sacramental use of, 654 nuts of a pa1m-tree, I 56 ; fertilised by Winnowing basket, image of snake In, 702 trees, 157-8; thought to blight the fruits -- fan. in rain-making, 96: used to scatter of the earth, 180 ; fertilised by being struck ashes of human victims, 498, 583 ; an with a certain stick, 761 emblem of Dionysus, S 11 --. pregnant, forbidden to spin or twist Winter, ceremony at the end of, 723; general ropes, 27 ; not to loiter in the doorways clearance of evils at the beginning or end where there are, 27 ; employed to fertlllse of, 753 crops and fruit-trees, 37 --and Summer, dramatic battle of, 416-17 Wonghl tribe of New South Wales, 906 Witch, burnt in Ireland, 74; burnt at St. Wood, King of the, at Neml, 2, 3, 10, 140, Andrews, 320; name given to last corn 185. 1\14, 215-16, 221. 354, 390, 396-7, cut after sunset, 530; Old, bumlna the. 768, 776, 920, 930 564. See also Witches Wood-spirits In goat form, 610 Index 971 Woodmen, ceremonies observed by, at Yuracarea of Baatem Bollvta, 787 felling trees, 148-SO Words, tabooed, 321-45: savaaeo take a Zaftmanelo, the, of Madagascar, 262 matcrlaUstlc view of, 326 Zagmuk, Babylonian festival, 370 World, as regarded by early man, 120 Zagreus, a form of Dionysus, S1 1 Wotjobaluk tribe In Victoria, 56, 900 Zaparo Indians of Ecuador, 649 Wotyaks, tbe, of Russia, 189, 733 Zapotecs of Central America, 899; tbe Wound and weapon. contagious made of. pontiff of the, 224, 777, 779 54-1 Zara-mama, Maize Mother, 543 Wrach (Hag), name given to last com cut Zemis of Assam. 327 In Wales, 531-2 Zeus, rain made by, 93 ; the priest of, makes Wren, bunting the, 703-4 rain by an oak branch, 101 ; mimicked by Wonscb, R., 453 King Salmoneus. 102: marriage with Wurtemberg, bushes set up on Palm Sunday Demeter at EJeusis, 188; and Hera. 189. in, 164; the thresher of the last com at 210; and Dione, 199, 218; as god of the Teunang in, 599; effigy of goat at EUwan oak, the rain, and the thunder, 209; his gen In, 600; leaf-clad mummer at Mid oracular oak at Dodona. 209; prayed to summer ln. 8SS for rain, 210: Greek kings called, 210; Wurunjeri tribe of Victoria, 241 surnamed Thunderbolt. 21 0 : his resem· blance to Donar. Thor. Peron. and Per Xerxes In Tbcssaly, 382 kunas, 211-12; the grave of, 349; his Xnumayo tribe of Zulus, 339 oracular cave on Mount Ida. 369; his Intrigue with Persephone, 511 ; said to have Yablm tribe of New Guinea, 281, 782, 908 transferred the sceptre to young Dionysus, Yakut shamans and their external souls, 894 511; father of Dionysus by Demeter, 512; Yakuts, lOS his a:I)Jiearance to Hercules in the shape of Yams, feast of, 264 ; ceremony at eating the a ram, 657; and Danae, 789 new, 633-4 Zeus, the Descender, places struck by Yap, one of the CaroUne Islands, 783 lightning consecrated to. 210: Heavenly. Yarilo, the funeral of, celebrated in Rusala, at Sparta, 12; Lacedaemon, at Sparta, 12; 418 Laphystian, 382-5 ; Lightning, sacri Year, the fixed Alexandrian, 491; the Caffre, ficial hearth of, 210; Pollens in Cos, il2 634; the Egyptian, a vague year, 485; Zirnbas, or Muzimbas, of South-east Africa, the old Roman, 756; the Slavonic, 756 128 Years, cycle of eight, in ancient Greece, Zoganca. temporary king at Babylon. put to 369; the King of the, In Tibet, 750-1 death after a reign of five days. 371 Y eUow colour In magic, 20 Zoilus. priest of Dionysus at Orchomenus. Yezo or Yesso. Japanese island, the Ainos of, 384 662, 666 Zulu language, Its diversity, 339 Ynglingar family, 20S ZuJuland. rain-making by means of a Yorkshire, 'burning the Old Witch' In, •heaven-bird • in. 98; children buried to the 564 ; clergyman cuts the first com in, 632 neck as a rain-charm in. 99 ; nama of Yorubas of West Africa, 303, 338, 360, 746 chiefs and kings tabooed in. 339: kings put Youths and maidens. tribute of. sent to to death In, 359: festival of first-fruits In, Minos, 369 634; seclusion of girls at puberty in. 780; Yuin tribe of New South Wales, 2SI gardens fumigated with medicated smoke Yuki Indians or California, 35 ln,84S Yukon River, the Lower, the Esquimaux Zulus, 253, 650, 653 of, 254 Zuni Indians of New Mexico, 658, 661, 748 Yule Boar, 606,628; log, 833-5,840,842,846 :lYiniamaliuJ, the Com-mother, 554