10834 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. AUGUST 1,

WI CONSIN • SENATE. . Frank G. John ·on to be postmaster at Dallas, Wis. Office became presidential July 1, 1920. TUESDAY, August 1, 19~~­ Emil Klentz to be postruaster at Reeseville, Wis. Office be­

Whereas we recognize that conferences alone, as shown by those at and travelers upon railroads by co.mpelllng common carriers engaged The Hague, have not prevented or ameliorated wars in the past, and in interstate commerce to equip their locomotives with safe and suit­ that resolutions outlawing certain methods of killing, such as poison able boilers and appurtenances thereto," approved February 17in1911, ras and submarines, · are not only futile but imply. that certain other and the amendment to said act approved M~rch 4, 1915, requir g the methods are justifiable : Therefore be It regul~r inspection of the boilers of locomotives; is being violated.z and Resolved, That the National League of Women Voters in convention tr so to report the extent of such violation, and to reI?ort specincally assembled at Baltimore, Md., April, 1922, as:::ert its conviction that the whether inspection of locomotive boilers is presently bemg made in all aim of all international peace eft'orts should be to outlaw war itself Federal locomotive boiler inspection districts and upon the roads of all and to abolish it as a legalized institution, instead of to regulate it, common carriers engaged in interstate commerce as required by said act. and that to this end a code of international law based on equity and justice between individuals be erected, by which the waging of war be ·The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the made a crime, defined and punishable under the terms of the code. introduction of the regolution? The Chair hears none. PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS. Mr. HARRISON. I merely want it to go to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. Mr. ROBINSON presented resolutions of the Fort Smith The PRESIDENT pro tempore. It will be so referred. (Ark.) Chamber of Commerce, condemning the action of rail­ Mr. HARUISON. May I say in this connection that I haYe way shopmen for striking in opposition to a ruling of the offered the resolution at the instance of the Senator from Utah United States Railway Labor Board and protesting against [Mr. KrNG]. who is at home on important official business, and efforts to compel the railroads to relinquish their right to I should like to have read a telegram received this morning withdraw seniority privileges and other benefits from striking which shows that I am offering it at his request. employees accruing from previous employment, etc., which were The PRESIDENT pro tern.Pore. Without objection, the tele­ referred to the Committee on Interstate Commerce. gram will be read. Mr. McLEAN presented a memorial of sundry citizens of The Assistant Secretary read as follows: New London County, Conn., remonstrating against inclusion SA.LT LAKE CITY, UTAH, July 81, 19-2!. of a $50 duty on potash in the pending tariff bill, which was SAMCEL RUSSELL, referred to the Committee on Finance. Oare Senato-r King, United States Se-nate, Wa.shi1igton, D. O.: He also presented resolutions unanimously adopted at a Prepare and have Senator HARRISO~ introduce to-morrow morning resolution dlrecting Interstate Commerce Commission to report to meeting of the Connecticut Leaf Tobacco Association, remon­ what extent Federal locomotive inspection law is being violated aml strating against the proposed increased duty on potash in the whether proper inspection as by law required is being made by all pending tariff bill, which were referred to the Committee on agencies employed in interstate transportation. Finance. WILLIAM H. KL'iG, Sena.toi·. He also presented a resolution of Wadhams Post, No. 49, l\lr. BRANDEGEE. I wish to inquire of the Senator from Grand Army of the Republic, of Waterbury, Conn., favoring the Mississippi if this is a joint resolution? · prompt passage of the so-called Bursum pension bill, which was Mr. HARRISON. It is a simple Senate resolution, and may referred to the Committee on Pensions. I say to the Senator I am offering it at the request of the He al o presented letters and telegrams in the nature of pe­ Senator from Utah [1\lr. Krno]. titions from the Connecticut League of Women Voters, of Wal­ 1\1r. BRANDEGEE. So I understand, but the reason ·why I ingford, Hartford, Farmington, Meriden, and Stratford, and asked the question is because it.occurred to me that the Senate the Connecticut and Rhode Island State Conference of the Coun­ might not have the power to direct the Interstate Commerce cil of Jewish Women, held at Hartford, all in the State of Con­ Commission by a simple resolution. necticut, praying that the United States take the lead toward Mr. HARRISON. It has been referred to the committee promoting world peace through international understandings and the committee may make any modification necessary. and removing the economic causes of war, which were referred Mr. BRAl~DEGEE. Very well. to the Committee on Foreign Relations. ASSISTANT CLERK TO COMMITTEE ON INDIAN AFFAIRS, IMPORTATION OF THE ADULT HONEYBEE. 1\lr. SPENCER submitted the following resolution ( S. Res. 328), which was referred to the Committee to Audit and Con­ Mr. McNARY, from the Committee on .Agriculture and For­ trol the Contingent Expenses of the Senate: estry, to which was referred the bill (H. R. 11396) to regulate.. Resolved, That Senate Resolution No. 157, agreed to November 16 foreign commerce in the importation into the United States of 1921, authorizing and directing the Senate Committee on Indian Affair~ the adult honeybee (Apis mellifica), reported it without amend­ to employ an assiStant clerk to be paid out of the contingent fund ·of the Senate. for the second session of the ~ixty-s.eventh Congress be, and ment. the same is hereby, extended and contmued m rull force and effect BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION I'N"TRODUCED. until the end of the Sixty-seventh Congress. Bills and a joint resolution were introduced, read the first MARSHAL FOB WESTERN DISTRICT OF SOUTH CAROLIN A. time, and, by unanimous consent, the second time, and referred Mr. DIAL. l\Ir. President, a couple of months ago the name as follows: · . of a man was sent in to the Senate for appointment as marshal By 1\lr. HARRISON: for the western district of South Carolina. I made known the A bill ( S. 3877) for the relief of Frank B. Ferrill, formerly fact that the appointment was not very agreeable to me. The a lieutenant (T) in the Dental Corps, United States Navy; matter was referred to the Judiciary Committee and a subcom­ to the Committee on Naval Affairs. mittee was appointed to investigate it. . By Mr. FLETCHER: I was perfectly willing to let the matter rest there until the A bill (S. 3878) to repeal an act entitled "An act to author­ people of my State had an opportunity to be heard. I received ize the construction of a bridge across the St. Marys River, numbers of communications on this subject. Some time ago, at or near Wilds Landing Ferry, between Camden County, Ga., possibly 30 days or more, the nominee, ascertaining my feel­ and Nassau County, Fla.," approved October 13, 1921; to the ings in the matter, undertook to send around at least one and Committee on Commerce. in some cases two men to persuade the people of my State to By Mr. OVERMAN: write me letters asking that I withdraw my opposition, and A bill ( S. 3879) for the relief of William H. Lee ; to the I am informed that later they had copies of those letters made Committee on Claims. and sent to the Judiciary Committee, therefore putting me in By Mr. FLETCHER: · the wrong light at home and also before the Judiciary Com. A joint resolution (S. J. Res. 234) authorizing the Federal mittee. This became so persistent that I gave out an ll!.terview Reserve Bank of Atlanta to enter into contracts for the erec­ yesterday, which was published in the papers, and I want to tion of ·a building for its branch office in Jacksonville, Fla.; to state to the Senate that this is my reason for doing so. J the Committee on Banking and Currency. should have preferred to say nothing until the committee bad FEDERAL LOCOMOTIVE INSPECTION. gotten through with the matter, but a large part of the time oi my force is taken up with answering these letters. and a few l\Ir. HARRISON. I desire to offer a resolution at tbe in­ days afterwards I got other letters withdrawing the first one. stance of the Senator from Utah [Mr. KING]. I ask that the and stating that the writers signed them under this propaganda. resolution be referred to the G_ommittee on Interstate Com­ Mr. President, I ask to have printed in the RECORD in 8-point merce, and I will state in this connection-- type the interview which I gave out, setting forth my reasons The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection to the in the premises. introduction of the resolution { The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is there objection? The 1\Ir. CURTIS. Let it be read. Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will read the The matter referred to is as follows : • resolution for information. In regard to the confirmation of Joseph W. Tolbert. who was 'i"be Assistant S~retary read the resolution (S. Res. 327), as recently appointed marshal for the westeru disti·ict of South

f.ollows: 0 Carolina, Senator DIAL said to-day : Resolved, That the Interstate Commerce Commission is hereby re­ quired and directed to report to the Senate whether or not the pro­ " Tolbert is the South Carolina member of the Republican visions of the act entitled "An act to promote the safety of employees National Committee, State chairman of that organization, a.n.d • 10836 CONGRESSI@N AL RECORD-SEN.A.TR. AUGUS1? 1,, was- l'eceutly· appointed 'referee' for' South Carolina- for tbe mer- :followers stafeg Talbert admitted~ he: expected to- real'ize pre ent administration; that is, he is the chief distributor o! $100,000 :from this source.. · patrona:ge.. " I can not co11done• th~ practice of buying an· office, and if the " I am not con~erned about these positions, and would not competitors would cease bidding a:gainst each other thiS most interfere if I could and could not i:f F would. They are simply disgraceful' practice would be ohllterated. However, they are par.ty matters. The appointee to the position of marshal has to be pitied foF being forced: to come in contact with such· a to be confirmed by and wiC:l the advice imd consent of the corrupt system. It can readily be seen that some on-e will have Se:nate, and this is an entirely different prolM)sition. When the to fill· the office any.way. President is of on~ politi~al party and the Senators of an­ " Furthermore, I am told by the best authorities that Tolbert other party there is no advice given in these- appointments, is by no means in sympathy with. tbe enforcement of the pro­ when the office is not a bipartisan one, but when the name hibition law, and even has bragged to this effect. It is shown comes to the Senate we have to vote either to· confirm or re­ by affidavit that he had- a barrel of liquor a.t one time. l\Iany ject; hence we are responsible to this extent for an appoint­ of his associates are among the most lawless cla.s& of our ments confirmed by the Senate. people, and it is commonly reported that he haBI formed> a pol~ " The public has· a right to expect ua to use all diligence and cal combination with certain parties in our State calling them­ exercise our best judgment-stronger than this, they have a selves Democrats to create a political machine. right to demand that we scrutinize most carefully all suclu ap­ "It is generally believed that politics is rotte~ and I am pointees. I have received letters from friends on the. subject, sorry to admit there are some grounds for such opinions-, par­ but I know most of this is propaganda and that manyi of them tlcularly as to Republican administrations, and it is,. incum­ have been imposed upon~ bent upon me an

lHr. SIIDIO TS. Oh, Mr. Presiaent, I qualified that prop­ is proposed to increa e the rate to protect the silk throwers ot e11ly. The Senator need not try to. haul me up on a mere this country: tritling pretext like that. The Senator knows that I said that lm.tuJrtati•ms. Pounds. beginning in 1912, mostly under the Underwood bill, this re-­ markable development had taken plaee; but if the Senator U~8==.======---=====--======~b: n~ yearns t() have it stated as :from 1914 to 1921, let it be so, and 1921::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::=::::::::: ~~:~i5 it will prove all the more pel'fectly that this greatest develop­ The exports were larger than our imports. m-ent of the American silk industry began with the first full But again, Mr. President, if those figures do not how that yea-r under the Underwood law, to wit. 1914. In the period the present law is sufficiently protective, when we are the from 1912 to 1916, for I mu. t be accu:rnte, notwithstanding the of of greatest producer in the world this product, when we pro­ semdbilities tbe Senator from Connecticut, part of that 99 time unde11 duce per cent of our domestic production and import lesa the Underwood law, nearly three years of that than 1 per cent of what we consume, if there is any reason for time under the UnderW<>od law and a little over a year under raising the duty under which those conditions have been the Payne law, we had gotten to 49 per cent; but in the period brought about, then, of course, there is no use of arguing this f.rom 1917 to. 1921 we went from 49 per cent to practically 65 question at alI. We ought in that case to impose a high rate o! per ce~t-to be accm·ate, 64.6i per cent-of the mill consump­ duty upon everything, whether it is imported to any extent or tion and production of Europe and America combined. not. If this does not constitute a case where there is no ju ti.fl. If the Senator thinks there is anything in that, I have con­ cation whatever for increasing an existing rate, or for imposing fined it tQ the: operation of the U'nderwo0d law and during· a rate if the conditions have been brought about upon a basis that period the increase bas been enormous, the heaviest ratio of free trade, then we can not conceive of such a thing. The of increase in all our history ; and during that perlod this par­ mind can not imagine one. It is the strongest case that has ticular- p1wnct, the yam of the silk industry, was ta:x:ed at 15 been presented since this bill was taken up against an increase pe.r cent. and in support of the sufficiency of the present rate. 1\fr. STANFIELD. Mr. President, will the Senator yield i1 If I felt it would do any good I would show and demonstrate The l?RESID.El~ pro tempore. Does the Senator from that from 80 to 9-0 per cent of the cost of producing thrown silk North Carolina. yield to the Senator from 0Yegon? is represented by the cost of the raw material. I will not take Mr. SIMMONS. I yield. the time to do that, but I will publlsll the statement In which 1\Il'. STANFIELD. Nineteen hundred and twenty-one was that is shown. Eighty-five per cent would probably be a fair not a very profitable year. While the. production was great, aYerage. That represents material, and it is a material which the pro.tits were not large; were they? we do not produce in the United States and which Europe, our Mr. SIMMONS. In the siik industry in 1921? competitor, does not produce in quantity to supply its needs. Mr.. STANFIELD. Yes; last year. The price of that material is the same here as in Europe and l\1r. SIMMONS. I have not investigated the extent of the throughout the world, so that there can be no element of dif­ profits of the silk industi.7 in 1921, but I will tell the Senator ference in material cost to justify the proposed duty. The ma­ that the profits in the silk industry in this country will parallel terial cost is proportionately so large that it leaves only 15 per the profits in any industry in the world in proporti-On to the cent as representing the entire labor cost of throwing this silk. capital invested. Nobody has lost any money in the silk in­ The present duty of 15 per cent, therefore, is just the measure dustry. There is not any such question as was raised with of the entire labor cost of throwing the silk in America. When reference to wool. If we were producing any raw silk in the you have given the manufacturer a duty which covers his total United States worth mentioning, of course, we would have labor cost, in the name of God why should he ask for any more? a high duty upon the raw silk to protect it. Although it might This bill is reeking with just such inconsistencies and out­ not have grown one particle in 50 years, although it might be rages upon the American c.onsumer of these products as I have de-cadent, moribund, disappearing, we would have a propo­ disclosed. This is the worst, I conc.ede it is the very worst, sition here from the majority to protect the ra-w silk. But, Mr, unless it be the case of sewing silk; but the great captain of President, we do not produce any raw silk in America. So, it the silk industry in this eountry is a man of tremendous in­ crones in free. The question here is a question of protecting fluence in the financial, the industrial, and the political world. nothing but the -manufactured product, either in its initial He dominates and controls the siik industry in tariff legislation stages or in its completed, finished form. On that line 1 want to the same extent that Mr. Wood dominates and controls the to say that we are producing to-day in our own silk mfils 99 woolen industry and l\fr. Lippitt dominates and controls the. per cent of all the thrown-silk yarn consumed in the United cotton industry. States. Ninety-nine per cent of all that we consume of thrown The silk manufacturers of the United States as a body are silk, this article upon which you are p.roposing to increase not asking for increased rates. They recognize that the rates the duty, is made here in the United States. now existing are high enough and in many instances too high. Now, let us see what have been the imports; and it is,. we They are not asking for increased. rates; they are satisfied. have the rU:h.t to assume. to Drotect this 99 per cent of domestic. But l\lr. Horace Cheney and the small coterie which surround production against imports that it is proposed to increase this him, who are more directly interested in his operations than duty-a duty that has stimulated production in America, if a others in the indu try, want higher duties, not because Mr. duty ever do.es stimulate, until we produce 99 per cent of all Cheney meets with any competition in the manufacture of that we consume, and a duty which has kept out ~f

10840 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. AUGUST 1, countries. It saved hnndreds of millions of dollars to the pro­ Mr. ROBINSON. That would swell the total value of dome tic ducel'S of silk. production, if all the items which the Senator from Connecticut Two years ago .we sent a mission to China to instruct the referred to should be included. Chinese in the use of modern silk machinery. Within the last Mr. McLEAN. No; that is included in the $700,000,000. three years Japan has imported over $12,000,000 worth of silk­ Mr. ROBINSON. According to the statement just made by p1·oducing machinery. China and Japan are in position to-day the Senator from Texas, if we include knit goods in silk the to drive the American producer out of the market, and will total would be $895,000,000 plus. drive him out of the market in the lightweight silks, such as the l\fr. Sil\BfONS. l\1r. President, may I interrupt the Senator pongee and habutai. from .Arkansas? Mr. ROBll~SON. l\fr. President, will the Senator yield at l\1r. ROBINSON. Certainly. that point for an inquiry? l\Ir. Sil\fl\fONS. I understood that the controversy between l\Ir. McLEAN. Certa inly. the Senator from Connecticut and myself grew out of two Mr. ROBINSON. Has the Senator available the production statements that I made, one that 99 per cent of the thrown figures for the manufactures of silk in the United States sub­ silk consumed in this country was imported and the other sequent to the year 1919? that all except 7 per cent of the entire silk production in this Mr. 1\IcLEAN. No; I have not. country was produced or manufactured in this country. Mr. ROBINSON. With reference to a statement made by the Mr. McLEAN. The Senator from North Carolina discussed Senator from North Carolina while he had the floor ancl which the whole sche

these Republican newspapers had supposed that a committee [From New York Evening Post (Independent Republican), July 11, of their party, framing this bill under a mandate from the 1922.) TARIFF TO RAISE PRICE OF CLOTHING NEARLY $5 A SUI'l'-TAX ON 99 lleople to frame a protective measure, had really framed a pro­ PER CENT OF POPULA'rION TO AID A FEW WOOLGROWERS- FORDNEY· tective measure just, from their view, to the industries of the MCCUMBER SCHEDULES GET NEW NAME, BUT ARE NONE THE LESS United States and just to the consumers of this country; but OFFENSIVE. when they found that the Republican majority had framed a (By William 0. Scroggs.) In past years Schedule K of the tarift' bill, the section dealing with bill in the interest of profiteers, repudiating every R~publican wool and manufactures thereof, has " smelled to heaven." After Con­ tariff principle, perpetrating gross and cruel wrongs upon the gress tinkered with it in 1909 President Taft denounced it as indefensi­ consumers of America, they earnestly and freely used their ble, and it was so rank that the American people turned against its framers and sent a Democratic majority to Congress at the eler.tion of editorial and news columns in denunciation of the monstrous the following year. thing. I have repeatedly said here that probably a majority Jn the Fordney-McCumber tariff bill the schedules bear number& in­ of the great, outstanding Republican newspapers of the United stead of letters, and Schedule K thus gets a coat of whitewash by becoming Schedule 11. But changing its name has not made the wool States to-day, since they have come to understand this bill as s.chedule any less offensive. Many of the duties in the new tarlft' bill the pf> ople of the United States have come to understand it, are even higher than those in the Payne-Aldrich Act. It is not easy ha ve changed from advocacy of it as a Republican tariff bill to to compare them. because the rates in the latter measul'e were laid on wool in the grease, while those in the Fordney-McCumber bill are scathing denunciation of it as a profiteering, a plunderbund, based on tl1e scoured content. a robber tariff, tha could not be justified on any principle of Nevertheless, it is evident to everyone with an elementary knowl­ party or of morals or of ethics. edge of the wool industry that the Payne-Aldrich duty of 11 cents a ~ound on wool in the grease is much less than the proposed duty of I thank the Senator from Connecticut for his unwittingly o3 cents a pound on scoured wool. The degree of shrinkage varies from calling the attention of the country to the fact that this great about a fourth up to two-thirds when wool is scoured; the average is organ of his party, the New York Herald, sought to support somewhat less than a half. A shrinka ge of 40 per cent would make the Payne-Aldrich rate about 18 cents a pound on t he propo ed new this measure as long as conscience would permit it to do so, basis, whereas the Fordney-McCumber bill imposes a duJ:y of 33 cents, and that as soon as its eyes were opened it became a mighty or 83 per cent more. champion in the front ranks of those opposing this unspeakable ON AN AD VALOREM BASIS . tariff robbery. Just what 'this specific duty of 33 cents a pound on scoured wool means when converted to !\n ad valorem basis may be readily estimated. M:r. President, I have here some additional editorials from A coarse grade of New Zealand cross-bred wool sold recently in its Republican and independent and nonpartisan trade papers. .home market for 13~ c<> nts. As this grade shrinks about 25 per cent I may have heretofore called attention to parts of one or two when scoured, it sconred value would be 18 cents. When brought into the United States under a 33-cent import duty, it would have to of these editorials, but taken together, and representing as they sell for 41 cents plus the carrying charges, compared with 18 cents in do the consensus of the views of the leading Republican edi­ Great Britain. T his 33-cent duty on 18-cent wool is equivalent to an ad tors of the United States, they are very significant and interest­ valorem duty of 183.5 per cent, or more than double that of the Payne­ Aldrich bill. It should be borne in mind also that this is the duty on ing. I am going to ask unanimous con13ent that I may insert cheap wool for t he poor man's clothing. in the REcon.o, without reading, these additional editorials for Now, let us see the difference between this duty and that on the the edification and enlightenment of the Senator from Con­ fine gTades of wool that go into the manufacture of clothes for the well to do. One of the fine grade wools from Australia recently had a value necticut and those who, like him, because a partisan organ of 54 cents a pound in its home market. It shrinks about 45 per cent of their party disapproved of a Democratic report the morning in scouring. Its foreign value when scoured, therefore, would I.le 98.2 after it was adopted, close their eyes to the startling fact that cents a pound, or over five times that of the cheap grade of wool just mentioned. Now, this 98-cent wool and this 18-cent wool are both the partisan press of the Senator's own party has now, since dutiable at 33 cents. As a result the cheap, coarse wool bears the it came to understand this tariff bill, turned upon the measure equivalent of an ad valorem duty of 18it5 per cent, and the fine gr ades with more bitterness in denunciation than even Democratic a duty of only 33.6 per cent. It is not surprising, therefore, that the Democrats plan to make Senators on this side have ever sbown, some of these great schedule 11 (ex-K) one of their great.est assP. ts in the coming campaign, Republican organs speaking of it not as protection but as unless their opponents reverse their position before the bill comes up thievery, others speaking of it as a "damn fool tariff bill," for final passaf,!e . The fat·m bloc which is responsible for the duty on raw wool, has left something on the doorsteps of the Republican leaders and others as "a plundering tariff." that is likely to cause them as much trouble as old Schedule K did in Tbe PRESIDENT pro ternpore. Is there objection to the 1909. These exorbitant rates on an essential commodity are not jmposed· request of the Senator from North Carolina? The Chair hears with a view to protecting an infant industry. Woolgrowing in the none, and it is so ordered. United States, instead of being in its infancy, is more likely showjng The editorials are as follows : signs of senile debility; that is to say, it is largeT"y a front1er industry, and the American frontier is vanishing. For th1s reason Australasia [From the New York Herald, Tuesday, August 1, 1922.J Argentina, and South Africa are to-day the world's chief source or1 wool supply, and no reasonable taritI measure can make the United LET THE TARIFF W AIT. States self-supporting in this field. The national scanclal of a n insuft'erably burdensome wool tarift' made UNITED STATES WOOL CLIP DECREASES. by sheep-growing, wool-raising Senators for the benefit of their own At present the country can supply only about 40 per cent of its wool private property has deeply stirred the people of the United States. requirements. 'fhe census shows that only about 7 per cent of the American sentiment can comprehend men in high public office going to farms produce wool in any quantity worth mentioning. and it is only extremes, men going wr ong a.nd even badly wrong in their partisan or on the great western ranches that woolgrowing constitutes the chief fanatic devotion to an impersonal cause. American sentiment ca n not industry. On smaller farms it is merely a side line. Only a fraction comprehend and American sPntiment will n ot cC\untenance leaislatnrs of 1 per cent of our population is directly dependent on wool produc­ • maki ng themselves responsible for, indeed cr eating and jamming tion for a livelihood. t hr ough, laws that directly and heavily concern their own private Our domestic wool clip, according to the census. was 289,0.00,000 pockets. pounds in 1909 and by 1919 it bad dropped to 228,000,000 pounds. It The tariff makers of the present Congress can not go before the should be noted, too, that this decline took place in spite of the war voters of the United States next November on the issue of the Sen­ prices for wool that prevailed from 1914 to 1919. The industry also ate's monstrous wool schedule, the handiwork of sheep-raising, wool­ languished under the benevolent paternalism of the McKinley Act of growing i::>enators. without inviting political revolution by an aroused 1890 and of the Dingley Act of 1897. Nation. But even if the wool-tari.tr sca ndal had not arisen to shock The Underwood Act of 1913 placed wool on the free list, but the and outrage the fine American sense of conscience and prnpriety, the Great War came soon afterwards and raised the price higher than any Fordncy-1\IcCumber tariff as a whole ls so full of economic blunders, protective tariff could have done 1n t ime of pea ce. In spite of this so frauaht with public hardship, and so potentially dangerous to the encouragement, and of the special efforts of the Government to t imu­ country that it would not be good sense and it would not be safe to late production as a war measure, the output was never brought back take it before tbe American people at the Congress elections now only to the level of 1890. The reason is quite plain. The improved farm about three months away. lands of the United States can raise other things more profitably than If tbe crazy wool schedule were torn out of the taritI measure by wool. Intensive agriculture is steadily supplanting sheep grazing. the roots, if the sheep-growing, wool-raising Senators never had startled Since the hi1th duties in the wool schedule will neither develop a new and shaken the American public with the wool tariff. they have tried industry for which the country is well adapted nor serve to make us to impose upon the count ry, still the Fordney-McCumber tarifl'. is so self-sufficing as regards an essential commodity, it is evident that they bad, so unworthy of anybody's support, so incapable of meeting the can be employed only t.o bolster up a declining business ano to enrich test of popular approval, that to t ake it to the polls as the great barely 1 per cent of the population at the expense of the other 99 per national issue of the elections of 1922 might blow any political party cent. so doing otr the face of the ea1ih. Some defenders of the wool schedule maintain that the duty on raw There is no time left between now and November to make a good wool will increase the cost of men's clothing less than a dollar a uit enough measUl'e out of the Fordney-McCumber monstrosity to win and that this small sum will be absorl.led by the dealer or manufacturer public confidence. There is no time left to correct in a sound, scien­ and therefore will not increase the price of clothing to the consumer. tific way even the schedules that are the most extravagant in their If the duties are absorbed in any instance--and it is doubtful if they economic lunacy and the most hateful to the American public. There will be-this can happen only in the ca e of the more expensive cloth­ is no time left to <> xtract half the wrong and evil of the measure. ing. Cheap clothing, as a result of the specific duties, will be taxed There is no time left to do much of anything but to run for shelter more heavily in proportion te> its value than the better grad~ s. and the out of the storm. burden on this sort of material will be too great to be absorbed by A frightful economic botch has been made out of the whole taritI. manufacturer or merchant. This can best be shown by an illustration • .d!lyhody in his senses knows that. It is beyond all hope of satis­ factory repair in the next few monthR or several weeks. Anybody HOW THE COST 1::-

latter includes the ·original duty plus the commission in the sum on one else entertains, but that mais,~s no difference to the Senator. He which he calculates his mark up. The extra charge which the cloth dares to be Daniel and stand alone. manufacturer must pay for the yarn as a result of the tariff has by So, as the nub and king-pin of a speech which it took him 2 boUl's this time increased, say, 22~ per cent over the original duty, and is and 24 minutes to deliver, in which he discussed the cod-liver oil now $1.81. To this the manufacturer adds his mark up of 20 per cent, industry with great thoroughness, with side trips to cuckoo clocks, and it grows to $2.17. Next the cloth goes to the clothing manufac­ monkey-faced dolls, dog muzzles, and other points of interest, he turer, who adds another 20 per cent, bringing the added price up to declared if he had his way he would build a tariff wall so high " that $2.62. Finally the retailer adds his mark up, varying from 35 to 50 there would be an embargo against every foreign-made article that can per cent, accordin~ as the suit is of staple design or an extreme DO.:felty. be manufactured in this country." • G Consequently tne suit will cost from $3.54 to 3.93 more th'!.n it He would make the aforesaid wall proof against the jimmies of would if wool had remained on the free list. These figures are con­ wicked importers. Tropical fruits can be raised in this country by servative; others estimate the extra cost at $5 per suit, and this is steam heat. Shipments of them here should at once be stopped. He probably more nearly correct for the reason that the dealer, if he is would lock up America and throw the key into the deepest ocean. compelled to raise his price as much as $8.93, will go a little further Embargo is his favorite word. and make it $5. He can gP.t that from the average consumer about as Here is a declaration calculated to make Daniel Webster, Henry easily a he can the 3.93. The tariff bill tends to stimulate petty Clay, James G. Bl~ine, William McKinley, and others rated as good profiteering of this sort, as well as profiteering on a larger scale, by protectionists uneasy in their coffins. But these were weak in the the producers, on whom it confers special favors. faith. It has remained 'for this generation to produce a true-blue It is important, however, to bear in mind the fact that this extra $5 champion of advanced truth. will be added to a $25 suit as well as to one costin"' $125. On the clothing of the poor man the wool duty thus imposes fhe equivalent of [Editorial, New York Herald (Republican), July 22, 1922.] a 20 per cent tax, while for the man who can affard the $125 suit the tax amounts to only 4 per cent. In the latter case the added cost is LET THE TARIFF W.UT. relatively so small that it is possible for the taller or clothier to absorb When the Senate revolt against the Fordney-McCumber tariff mon­ it and for the wealthy consumer to escape the burden. The only way strosity starts with two or three independent members of the majority that the less atlluent consumer can avoid payin~ more for his clothes party in control ; when next it picks up several more members who al­ is to purchase a suit made up of inferior fabncs. Incidentally, this ways are of the organization, but seldom hideoound and never stone may prove to be one of the worst e1Iects of the duty on wool. The blind ; when later it gathers in still other members who recognize people must have clothes, and if they can ~ot afford good wool they political danger as it begin.s to craRh over their heads ; when finally will wear of part cotton and sho

There ls no leader like Aldrich to-day. The Senate has lost confi­ The tariff, in 'Spite of the slight modifications now being pretentiously dence in Mr. McCuM.BER's mastery of the theory of tariff adjustments. ID!l;de. in th~ SC'na te, will ~e much h~gher than its predecessor, the bene. The Republican majority is c1•umbling in its support of his bill because fk.1.anes berng a bloc of rntere'Sts mtent only on their own exclusive it fee.ls that that measure is not only politically inopportune but financial advantages. • • • The subsidy bill awards gifts to a few loosely and faultily constructed. Senator Aldrich, with all bis sklll concerns solely for the purpose of insuring risks which they themselves and experience, turned out a bill which the country would not accept are unwilling to undertakE'. An overtaxed and overpatient public will and which helped to drive the Republican Party from power. The be called upon to pay all these in additional taxes. . Mccumber bill would also be a serious handicap in the coming con­ ~ressional elections. There is no political or economic excuse for ~ass­ • • • • • • • mg it now. But if it is to be considered and brought to a position App9rently. statesmanship from one cau'Se or another has gone into in which it can be passed at some other session, it is wise to submit bankruptcy, and om whole legislative machinery is being perverted it to searching criticism and to prune it of many excesses and aber­ from making laws· for tbe Nation to making laws for whatever clu~ses rations. prove to be the most insistent beggars. To the disinterested and This is what the Republican group headed by Mr. LENROOT is work­ thoughtful citizen this drift from national to class legislation is ing fot' under more favorable circumstances than those of' Mr. Dol­ fraught with danger to the Republic. Before long our State and mu­ liver's day. It deserves success, for it is doing the .Republican Party nicipal legislatures will be caught in the same drift, and the whole and the country a notable service. country threatened by a welter of corruptive class legislation, the con. sequences of which are easy to foresee. * • • Coming elections will prove whether tbe public is alive to [Editorial, New York .Journal of Commerce (protectionist newspaper), this menace or not. It probably is, and if so there will be some wiser .Tuly 12, 1922.J if not better men next November. RICl!l AS AN EXAMPLE. In rejecting the committee's rates of duty on rice and adopting those [From the New York Evening Post (Republican), .Tune 13, 1922.] set by the House, the Senate has yielded to pressure from three or The machinations of the farm bloc and the ineptitude of the con­ four rice-growing States. This action of the upper Chamber is unfor­ gressional l eaders have resulted in the imposition of a bread tax of $3 tunately in line with much that. it has been doing in the past week or a year on every American family. This tax on consumption, like all two. Facts a.re all too likely to be lost sight of in spirited and selfish others of its kind, fa.Us most heavily on those who a.re least able to pay. controversies of thi.s sort. It is well therefore to remind ourselves once more of the true inwardness of this situation. [Londpn correspondence of Philadelphia Public Ledger (Republican), As for rice, in 1914 we raised some 650,000,000 pounds and exported .Tuly 2, 1922.J about 18,000,000 pounds, drawing .125,000,000 4l1ounds from abroad, chiefly the Orient. During the half a deca,de of low duties immediately BRITISH RETALIATION IMPENDING. following that date a remarkable change took place. In 1920 we (Copyright, 1922. by Philadelphia Public ~dger.) produced nearly 1,500,000,000 pounds of rice and exported about LONDON, .Tuly 2.-The erection of a tariff wall on the part of Eng­ 400.000,000 pounds. Our imports amounted only to about 50,000,000 land-and through cooperation with the dominions extended around pounds. In short, our production more than doubled ; our exports were the empire-of such proportions as to form much more than a stum­ multiplied by more than 20, while our imports· were more than cut. blingblock in the path of American e:>.."Port trade is in the makini;, in half. Nor has the emergency tariff of 1921 had any appl'eciable and probabl:y the height of such a barrier will be determined in tbe effect upon this situation. Production was o.ff a little in 1921, but next week or two when Parliament takes final action upon section 2 for obvious reasons that can hardly be attributed to tariff action. Ex­ of the safeguarding industry act. ports in that year reached the 600,000,000 mark, while imports con­ Tbat the United States· Government contemplates the situation with tinued to decline at about the same rate tbJl.t they had been doin.g some anxiety is shown by the fa.ct that the state of mind among during the years of the Ull.derwood Act. English business men on the fogislation has been made the subject of As to prices, there. was a sharp decline in the fall of 1920, and it an investigation and report through diplomatic channels. Thie re­ continued through" several months of 1921. True, they began to pol't declares that whatever action may be taken here will bear a. stiffen somewhat at about the time that the emergency tariff act took close relation to what English business considers the threat of th.e effect. but so did the London, Burma, and Siam quotations. What new American tariff and will be virtually a policy of retaliation. benefit under these circumstances can the 1·ice farmers expect from rates such as those now pr-0posed? These House duties are measur­ [Editorial, New York Herald (Republican), .Tuly 14, 1922.] ably about the emergency act rates. But, even so, assuming competi­ LET THE T.A.RIFli'. W AI'X. tive conditions, what good can come of any tariff on an article wbich is produced in. this country 25 per cent or more in excess of our con­ In recent days the United. States Senate has been carving slices sumptive capacity? Olll' imports are now only one-tenth of those of out of the gi:os. ly overweight McCumber tal'i.ff Q-uties; fol." example, in th~ cotton-goods schedules. That is. a good thing. But a better thing 1914, and less than 3 per cent of our exports. It was charged on the and a safer thing would be to take plenty of time to go over all the floor of the Senate that domestic growers are so strongly organized extravagantly high tactff rates and cut them down to tbe measure­ that they are able to control prices. If they are in a positioo to ment of reason and sen,se, every one of them. This could not be done fasten monopoly prices upon tbe c-0nsumer, the tariff that makes such in a wild rush- a situation possible is obviously a most reprehensible measure; if In the few weeks that are left between now and the elections it would not, then such a law would be simply a " sop" to win credulous votes. be a. terrific job to undo all the mischief the McCumbei: tariff maker& wer·e able to do up to the hour they began to see- the handwriting on the wall~ long after everyboRDNEY's' was rushed through the House. The Senate bas spent a. bloc or self.seeking interest is free to thrust its hands and pull out the year on a. half-baked, makeshift bill. 'Ibe present reviRion is not ripe­ particular privilege that it wants. Of legislation honestly and broadly and the times are not ripe for it. What is needed in its case is not planned for the welfare of the country at large there is little if .any. cloture, but intensive reconsideration for at least another year. 1922. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 10845

[Editorial, New York Journal of Commerce (protectionist commercial • • • It should be remembered that the taritl' bas been under journal).] continuous discussion ever since the Harding administration came into EXPORT TR.ADii. office, a first installment having been supplied in the objectionable emergency tari.ft' of a year ago. This measure has been almost dis­ Congress is giving little indication of appreciation of our export astrous in some lines, and it has wholly failed to help those for whose trade. So far as it is thought of at all, it is thought of as the shipment benefit it was intended. The present tarilf has been widely advertised of grain and pork and cotton to EurOJle, with the assumption that and is now generally considered likely to be fatal to other lines of busi­ Europe bas got to have these, anyway, and it does not matter what ness and industry. This is known to the commercial public at large, Congress does. • • • while the average man has already learned from the tendency of prices All nations. depend largely on customs dues for their revenues, and that be may expect a substantial advance on all commodities of com­ the imposition of duties that may plausibly be designed to raise a mon consumption if the new rates take effect. • • • revenue would not encounter criticism anywhere. But Congress is • • • It was suggested some time ago by protectionists who fore- now establishing much higher duties than we ever bad before and 61RW the harm of this tari.1f that the best thing to do would be simply to doing it for the avowed pm"Pose of excluding foreign goods. Is it reenact the Payne-Aldrich tariff bill. That would at least have been strange and improper that Canada should raise its duties on some of our consistent. The rates of the tarilf of 1909, while high and while rid­ products, or that ·Great Britain should contemplate using Its disguised dled with jokers, did not compare in severity with some -0f those in protective system against us ? the present schedules, while the technical work done in preparing the IDtraprotectionist as he was when chairman of the Ways and Means measure was infinitely ahead of that now presented in the Fordney­ Committee, William McKinley, as President, took a world-wide view of McCumber tariff. Probably any such expedient is now out of the ques­ commerce and insisted repeatedly that we can not sell unless we will tion. • • • also buy. [Editorial from the Philadelphia Public Ledger (Republican), June 8, [Editorial, New York Tribune (Republican), June 24, 1922.] 1922.] TARIFF REVISION FALLACIES. • • • • • • • The Fordney and Mccumber tariff bills were framed with little re­ The big vote of two years ago that brought Harding: to the White gard to economic tendencies. They ignore the vast alteration brought House was not a vote of approval for the Republican ''organization " about by the war in America's economic relations, to the rest of the and the men now in control of it. Some of these men are just awak­ world. • • • in~ to the meaning of that expression of public opinion. The Iowa We have plenty of time ahead in which to construct a rational, primary should further open their eyes. fairly scientific tariff. The leaders in Congress are not in a frame of The present Iowa idea seems to be that men with a sense of guid­ mind to do anything of that sort now. ance and direction should be put in authority ; that new times need new ideas and not the politica theories and practices that were found too reactionary so long ago as 1910, when the Progressive revolt began [Editorial, New York Tribune (Republican).] in the Republican Party. The one thing that can be ventured about HAVE A CARE, GllNTLEMEN ! these primary results in Iowa, Pennsylvania, and Indiana is that they are a questing for new leadership. They betray a restiveness and dis­ Senator LENROoT's vehement protest against a particular Mccumber content with present management. It is clearly not a radical move­ duty will strengthen the suspicion with which so many Republicans ment, but the public mind was never less in sympathy with the type of view the pending taritl' bill. • * • mind that framed the pending tariff bill, the reactionary mind closed to The authors of the Fordney and Mccumber bills have apparently new ideas and new conditions, than it is now. been parcelin~ out protection for the benefit of individual producers and groups or producers rather than with proper regard for the ulti­ mate effects of those duties on the country as an economic whole. [Editorial, New York JournaJ of Commerce, Protectionist Paper of Com·· Few peoplP except those in the secrets of the committee rooms know merce, May 22, 1922.J exactly what the present bill accomplishes. It is being rushe

[Editorial, the Chicago Tribune (Republican), July 10, 1922.] [Editorial, the Philadelphia North American (Republican), June 30, THE TARIFF BURDEN. 1922.] • • • The proposed tariff bill as it now stands is about the • • • • • • most unpopular piece of legislation yet devised. As an example of what an unintelligent partisanship can produce Individuals no doubt approve it. California almond growers are in the way or tariff argument, consider this from the National Repub­ pleai;:ed with it. The Aluminum Co. of America is pleased with it. lican, · a party organ published in Washington : Certain fertilizer manufacturers are pleased with it. Glove manufac­ "We have had during the last nine years the lowest taritr in Ameri­ turers are pleased with it, and so on. But each individual or group can history, enacted on the pledge that it would smash monopolies, which is pleased with one item is opposed to the thousands of other stop profiteering, and end the high cost of living. Yet under it we items which the bill contains, and the mass of consumers who will l>e have had the highest prices, the most profiteering, and the most out­ called upon to pay the high prices which the bill promises will be rageous exploitation by monopoly in our national history. In the face ppposed to it in general. of this record tbe foes ot' protection have the unadulterated gall to Altogether it is distinctly unpopular. That might not be sufficient shriek against the restoration of the protective policy on the ground reason for rejecting it if there were any assurance that it would bring that it will create the very evils the present low tariff has developed." sufficient prosperity to the country as a whole to make up for the While we hold no brief for the Underwood Tari.ft' Act, we consider it costs which it will impose. But there is no such assurance, except utter nonsense to charge to it conditions produced by the war-a the verbal assurance of its sponsors. The general unpopularity of the trifling episode which the writer ignores, but which, in fact, made the bill will impose a heavier burden upon the Republican Party at the Underwood tariff inoperative during the period of high prices and next national elections than any other thing on the record. This profiteering. rather than impassioned oratory should influence the Senate in its Another example was a " tarifl' show " staged before Republican consideration of the measure. women by Senator CALDmR, of New York. As evidence that "a higher taritl' does not mean higher prices," he exhibited amber beads sold by a German manufacturer for 62 cents and retailed in New York t'or [Editorial in Chicago Daily News. (Independent Republican), June 14, $12.50, a German clock produced at $2.40 and marketed here at 1922.] $68, a 10-cent beaded bag priced at $15, and an impressive array of • • • * • • • like articles. Sen.ator MCCUMBER, of North Dakota, exploited similar But the pending bill is full of jokers, excessive rates of duty, deals figures in a speech. The dishonesty of such representations is pal­ and bargains in the interest of monopoly. That is the reason why it pable, for they conceal the t'act that the depreciation of the German would increase prices. It is being denounced even by stanch protec­ mark makes the cost figures wholly deceptive. tionist papers, that call it a bill to empty Congress of Republicans. It But what the infatuated advocates of excessive protection do not is a dangerous bill politically, because it is unsound and vicious perceive is that their line of argument is fatal to their own case. If economically. they succeed in making the public believe their false allegations or " 2,000 per cent profit on imported goods," it won't be long before there [Editorial in New York Evening Post (Republican), June 22, 1922.] will be a demand that the extortion be ended by abolition of the taritr • • • • • • and the admittance of these fabulously cheap goods which consumers Are we then committed to the processes of taritl' framing that have want. made the present bill as suspect as the Payne-Aldrich measure of un­ • • • • • happy memory? By no means. It may be impossible to draw an exact Une between a reasonable duty and an unreasonable duty, but it is quite [Editorial of New York Journal of C-0mmercc (protectionist paper of possible to avoid duties that are manifestly absurd. A taritl' that ls commerce), July 17, 1922.] framed upon the principle of letting the producer write the schedules in which he is interested is one kind of unscientific taritl' that can be TARIFF SCANDAL NO. 1. stopped if we are determined to stop it. There is no need of trying for An excellent illustration of the sort of "protection " provided by the a perfectly scientific tariff or for taking the taril'E out of politics. tariff now being hatched in Washington is afforded by the duties on Defeat of a Congress that unloads a measure like the Fordney-McCum­ aluminum and aluminum ware. The Underwood Act places a levy of ber bill upon the country will do more for proper tariff making than all 2 cents per pound on imports of ingots, 3~ cents per pound on sheets, other methods combined. and 25 per cent ad valorem on aluminum household articles. The Senate now proposes 5 cents and 9 cents per pound, r espectively, upon the first two and 15 cents per pound plus 60 per cent ad valorem upon [Editorial, New York Journal of Commerce (protectionist paper of com­ the third. · merce), May 16, 1922.) Here are the facts which atl'ord the basis for these increases. We • • • The fact is that the adoption of the present taritl' would ourselves, as far back as 1913, produced more than twice as much be a severe blow to any party that sponsored it and that generalization aluminum as any other country in the world; in fact, well over a will bold of this year as of every other. third of the world's output. Ever since 1914 we have been producing 10846 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE.- AUGUST 1, more than half of the world's supply. In 1920 we produced 9C>,000 sumer who attempts· to negotiate it will meet a shock. It is one of metric t<>ns of the metal out of a world total of less tharr 150~000 tons. the longest. most detailed, and most complex taritf bills ever presented Switzerland, our nearest competitor, produced 12;000 tons. to Congress. At the outbrea k of the wa1· we were importing about $4,500,0-00 On the w.bole it is· a very high protective tariff. It bears every evi­ worth of aluminum and articles made of tl1e metal and exporting dence of having been built according to the ancient methods of allowing more t han $1,000 ,000 worth. Dorin!? the war we became heavy net or soliciting every special interest in the country to appear before exporters. Prices more than doubled and the one important producer the committee, argue for a high rate of duty to protect its own special r eaped enormous profits. Now that Europe is once more a factor in commodity, and obtain such a rate regardless of its effect upon the the market prices to the consumer have taken a tumble. The existing economic organimtion of the country as a whole. rate of duty does not cover the differ ence between the price at which a luminum can be purcba ed abroad and the price our monopolists here [From the St. Louis Daily Globe-Democrat (Republican).) would like to charge. Tlle re ult is Congress proposes to multiply the Its protective sufficiency is not to be doubted, but examination of the t ax on the con umer by two or three. schedules fails to reveal any assurance that it will permit " fair com· The Aluminum Co. of America. the dominating factor. in the do­ petition from• other countries." We are in sympathy with the prin· me ·tic situation, quotes ing<>ts at present at a little over 19 cents per ciple of protection where protecti<>n is needed, but this bill seems t~ 110\rnd, while the imported a rticle can be had for a.round 18 cents, have applied the principle to everything without regard to specific auty paid. If the tariff is raised to 5 cents per pound, our monopolists needs, without regard to present world conditions, and without rega rd will be enabled not only to maintain their present prices but to tack'. to our altered position in relation to the world's trade. on several more cents for the consumer to pay. So alsn with sheets, which are only ingots rolled out fiat. But the r eal scanda 1 is to be found in the case of aluminum ware. [From the New York Herald (Republican).) The exist ing duty of 25 per cenf is not enough, according to lobbyists, It will give the AmeriCllJl_ consumer a. heavy jolt to see how the to keep out foreign g-0od s. True enough, as long as our producers Senate tarur makers propose to t ax his food , as if it were not already fail to get t heir cost s and prices to reasonable levels. But even so, costly enough to eat in this country, compared· with pre-war prices. there is not the slightest doubt that our importations have been grossly exaggerated. In 1921 we imported only a little more than $2,000,000 wort h <>f a luminum ware. Mo1·eover, it is currently· <>rted that our [From the New York Herald (Republican) .J inlports have bei> n of such poor quality as to be almost un alable. But it.a worst feature is that it c<>mpletely shuts America out of But tbe pending measure would increase duties more than 200 per foreign ma1·kets except in our raw materials, notably cotton and copper. cent. There can be no question as to what is intended. Plans are being laid to exclude all foreign competition. In this case that. would mPan the elimination of all competition, for there is none within the [From the New York Tribune (Republican).] United States. ShouJd the bill be passed in its present form, the Amer­ " It is something of a shock to learn, if the analysis of the A.BRO· ican people would be absolutely at the mercy of the one and virtually ciated Press is accurate, that the rates of the bill are, on the whole, the only producing company of this country. higher than those of the Payn~Aldrich law," remarks this stanchly Regublican paper. · [From the Springfield Republican (independent Republican), June 23, 1922.] [From the Ohio State .Journal, of Columbus (Republican).) If the wool schedule as now written in the Senate bill should be Our agricultural and mru.mfacturing interests need as never before enacted into law, it ought to• be worth at lea-st 10 new congressional a wide, free foreign market. sea ts for the Democrats in New England alone. Rhode I sland and eastern Massachusetts have been littered with. textile strikes this spring on account of wage reductions. This tarift' bill would raise (From the Business Farmer, of Michigan.} the price of clothes for the mill operatives at the very time they were Of what benefit to the farmer is a 25 per cent duty. on a world grain forced to accept lower pay, and the increase of prices due to"the new like wheat. of which we produce a large surplus, when be must tu1·n tariff would be greatest on the suits which the workingmen must wear. right around and pay a 4:0 to 80 per cent duty on the majority <>f If enacted, this bill will become law while the congressional cam­ things he buys? The duty on sugar is an affront to every. American paign is in progress. No such political opportunity through tariff consumer. Michigan is an important sugar-beet-growing State, but legislation has come to the Democrats since the McKinley law went only 10,000 of her 200,000 farmers grow beets. But three and a half into effect not long before the elections of 1890 with disastrous results million Michigan people are asked ti> add several million dollars to to tlie Republican Party. their sugar bill for the direct benefit of a few hundred sugar-mill stockholders and the very small indirect benefit of the handful of [From the Ohio State Journal (.Republican), .Tune 20, 1922.] beet growers. Congress has been in se ion so long and its record of cnnstructive accomplishment is so comparatively meager the leaders seem to feel [From the Southland Farmer, of Houston, Tex.] that they must do somethirig to base campaign claims on, even it the Written into law this tariff will bring the farming regions of the claims are ill grounded and• will be proved so in a short time. The West and South under still greater bondage to the industrial sections best thing to do when on~ finds oneself. panic stricken is to stov and of the East anrth. The' emergency tariff showed the fallacy• of think. There is every reason to believe that the country would rather any tarur helping prices for farm preducts to any extent worth con­ go along with the tariff law it has for a while than to invite the in­ sidering. This tariff will add nothing worth while to returns for the creased tax burden and the restricted markets promised by this one. farmer, but will add hundreds of millions to the cost of what he As for the parcy standpoint, no Republican leader can truly complain must buy. hereafter of any lack of plain waTilings of what the public reaction The bill is one written by special interests for such interests, with to the passage of the Fordney-McCUmber bill is likely to be. little regard to the plain people of the country, and it takes no prophet to foretell what its enactment will cost the Republican Party [Editorial, Magazine of Wall Street (protectionist), July 8, 1922.] resvonsible for it. THEI TARIFF IN DIFFICULTilllS. Debate in Congress during the past week or two has demonstrated [From the St. Paul Dispatch (Independent).] once more the difficulties under which the tariff is laboring. There Ridiculing the idea that it can "work the miracle of protecting· can be no doubt that thP public is out of sympathy with any such industry and agriculture alike-a patent impossibility unless tbe funda­ measure as is now pendilig. The more it is studied the less satis­ mental laws of economics are repealed at the same time." "What ot factory it appears, and this dissatisfaction prevails not only among_ the great unregarded masses of consumers?" · the consume.rs of the country but also among those who are supposed. to be beneficiaries of tlie measure. 1\lanufactllrers are now convinced that they must inevitably suffer from the legislation both in their [From the New York Evmiing Post (Independent Republican).] foreign and domestic trade and that not only in the export trade but It will make trouble for the consumer. al o at home they will be certain to lose their markets, owing to the much greater e."rpenses of production and consequently higher prices [From the New York Globe (Independent Republican) .J which they must establish. In fact; with the prov'ision-s of the ta.riff a.s they now stand, in­ Il we pass the Mccumber tariff. or even the. Fordney version 6t it, volving as they do a very high average rate on raw materials, the " we practically make Europe a present of $11,000,000,000 she owes manufacturer will unavoidably be compelled to put his prices up to us." For "she can't pay in gold, and we wouldn't let her if she a materially higher level. The various interest& in the Senate realize could, for it would be ruinous to us to receive it. She can only pay in this fact clearly enough, and a great deal of the discussion in that goods, and against those goods w~ now propose to erect impossible. body is naturally devoted to an effort to show that the criticism tariff barriers." on the rates is inspired by biased or interested persons. Thus there is nothing whatever to indicate--the only interests which are oppos­ [From the Kansas City Star (Independent Republican).] ing the tariff apparently. being those who are regarded as its chief This bill is a serious economic mistake, the immPdiate effect of' whicli beneficiaries. will be to increase the cost of living. The farmer will find that the protection offered his products "is. an illusion," while "the protection [From New York Herald (Republican) .J on what he bas to buy will be real." G. O. P. HAS LOST CONTACT WITH BUSINESS. [Louis Seibold, national political correspondent, New York Herald [From the. Springfield Republican.] (Republican).] The measure is open to severe attack by those who believe that the The demand in favor of discarding the obsolete and unsatisfactory price of commodities should not be raised. methods for bwlding a tariff on a political foundation merely to vindi­ cate the archaic doctrines of the party has been repeatedly brought to light in the tariff discussions. One thing appears to be absolutely [From the Chicago Daily News.] certain. The :Republican Party has lost sympathetic contact with The Senate should' modify it with a liberal hand in obedience to the the business interests of the country. logic of the world situation and of the just claims of the American The demand for the disproportionate and haphazard scheme proposed consuming public. by Mr. McCUMBEn comes from himself and other Senatom who expect to reap desirable politlcaL benefits and not from the business interests [From the Indianapolis News (Independent) .J of the country. The bill represents an outrageous abuse of the taxing power·. EXCEllPTS FROlr NEWSPAPER EDITORIALS. [From the St. Louis Globe Democrat' (Republican).] [From the Chica.go Daily Tribune (Republican).] The bill as it stands fixes very high· rates on. all artieles that are We can guarantee one thing for the new tariff bill just reported by customarily dutiable, and makes dutiable many that have heretofore· the Senate Finance Commit'tee. Somewhere in its maze of ba..rbed­ been admitted free. There ls in the schedules little evidence of any wire entanglements each intelligent business man, producer,_and con- discrimlnating consideration of j;rade co.Ddi.tiQJlll Jl,S they .relate .to .tha 1922. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 10847 national welfare. The ,, Finance Committee of the Senat.e, like the [From the Indianapolis New (Independent), Jane 26, i922.] Ways and Means Committee of" tbe House, seems· to have ado]?ted the What the plain people-, who do not buy 94-cent cuckoo clock;:: for easv ,vay of acceding to all class or trade demands, and increased $22 would> like to know is how one of those 1,000 per cent tarllf im­ everything O.IL the " horizontal " principle. poms1 which. are mentioned' every now· and again in the tariff debate is goin-g to bring the price down to a· figlll'e that would make them feel [From the Journal of Commerce and Commercial Bulletin (Inde­ that they were getting their money's worth in case they were so foolish pendent).] as to buy; a German cuci:oo clock. Furthermore, they want to know how those profiteering dealers managed to get away witl1 that two The public should be fully informed. of the true ~aracter of the thouS.11.nd and odd per cent when there, were American clocks on the schemes that are batching for the e1foct1ve· looting ot its pocketbook. market just as good, and probably better, that were selling at mueh lower prices. The tarllr opponents are asking such questions as these [From the St. Louis Daily Globe Democrat.,_ (Republican).] and others equally embarrasSing in the Senate, and are not receiving answel's that make the situation any clearer to the electorate. It will appear that the Senate committee has practically ignored the changed conditions, and has legislated upon the basis of the condi­ [From the New York Herald (Republican), June 24, 1922.] tions of 20 years ago. In the United Stat-es to-day there are Republicans and protectionists by the hundreds of thousands who are asking one another whether the [Editorial from the Philadelphia Public Ledger (Republican), May 29, party leaders in. Congress have gone crazy over the tariff. There are • 1!)22.J Republicans and protectionists by the tens of thousands who believe • • • Privately1 any number of Senators will say they are afraid of the that the Fordney-McCumber tariff bill will destroy thell· party. Thimber election, but they- know what a handi­ ada iB' harmful and stupid. Next to Great Hritaia, Cana-da is our best cap and burden. it will be in the 1924 presidential el,ection. customer. During the 11 months ended May 31 -our exports to Can­ In the face of this they plod along in the spirit of condemned. crea­ ada were $497,000,000, and to the United Kingdom }768,000,000. In nires doing penance. It passes understanding. The only interests for the same period onr imports w~re $277,CJ00,000 from. Canada and tbe bill are those which will be benefited directry by the high rates. $243,000,000 from the United Kingdom. What inconceivable folly to There may bave been some excuse in the beginning for the bonus as injure our best customers! Wby should a political border be turrred a bait for votes, but to tl!is juneture not even the faintest proof can into an economic wall, which, if high enough and drastic enough, be cited that high tariff rates and an increased co t of living will do would require a line of forts and gunboats to protect it? Bo-th coun­ the country any good· 01· appeal to arr electorate whose one present de­ tries produce what the other needs, and free exchange is of mutual ad­ sire is to get out of the deep bole of hard times into which it was thrust vantage. last year. Both countries in their economic, industrial, and social activities have· much in common and w.ould prosper more in a poliey that pro­ [From the New York Globe (Republican), June 23, 1922.] moted untrammeled intercourse rather than in one that restricted or destroyed advantageous commerce. How long will 105,000,000 Ameri­ There is no decent defense for the flax scfiedule, :ret it has the merit, cans submit to being penalized for the questionable benefit of a mer.e which some of the other schedules lack, of being an old iniquity rather ha-ndfui of people neaT the boarder? Our proposed ta.riff against Can­ than a new one. Tbe truth is that a hand plunged at random into the ada represents the unreasonable selfishness of a small minority that Fordney-McCumber grab bag is almost certain to bring up something in­ should not be allowed to dominate the gi:eat majority. A high tariff credibly naive or incredibly dishonest. This isn't protection : it is a wall between the United States and Canada is just as ridiculous a-s proposal to collect by force from the consumer in order to distribute would be a tariff line drlIWD between New York and San Francisco, or largess to a few favored friends of the administration. a tariff against Dakota wheat for benefit of the Illinois farmers. Tlle lower the barriers between the United States and Canada the better for (From the New York Globe (Republican), June 26, 1922.] both' sides. '.L'he agricultural tariff is a. bribe in: return for which the fa1:mers are [From Kansas City Star (Independent Republican), June 1., 1922.] expected to support the regular Republican nominees, and a,s a re ult o-t which it is hoped they wtll be diverted from any fundamental reform Contemplating the process from the outside--and most everybody movement. The pity is that such honest and able men as Senator contemplates it in that way, if at all-it looks like a strange way to LADD, of North Dakota, do not realize bow they are being buncoed. makf' a tarift' law. The subjeet is economic and technical; th,e Senate is uneconomic and p.olitical. But Senator LODGE'S declaration that the coming tariff will be a [From the Brooklyn Eagle (Independent), June 26, 1922.] Republican tariff is sufficient warning, if one were needed, that the ex­ Why go the full length of putting this monstrous tariff on the books perts are going to have very little to do with it. And by experts ~ merely to prove what everyone alrP.ady knows. With the President mean, of course, the Tariff Commission. and leading members of his own party fast losing faith in this purely pai:ty measme, why keep it to the fore to the exclusion of other legis­ [From the New Yor.k Herald (Republican), June 28, 1922.] lation so badly needed? There is no demand for the new tariff except Any tariff that is devis,ect merely to take care of a domestic cost ot from interests that hope to profit inordinately from it. Why not let production, regardless of whether it is too high or not, is simply a it stand as a horrible example while a really constructive tarilI is be­ tariff not to protect home industries but to perpetuate high prices, ing written by men who are not interested primarily in pleasing a few wherever they happen. to be up in the sky. Nobody can get away from special interests? that. And a tariff that simply keeps up· excessive prices at home, a tariff (From the Chicago News (Independent), June 14, 1922.] that jacks up the cost of living when the cost of living ought to come do.wn is absolutely contrary to and i.rreconciliable with the fundamental There is significance in the implied admission that the pending 1 mriff bill will increase prices all along tht?. line and arouse wide­ principles of the American tariff system itself. The people of 1'he spread dissatisfaction and resentment. If the bill were sound, no United States will never stand for such conditions. The export trade such effects would follow. Besides, what necessity is there for pro­ business of American industries can not survive them. The country will tective duties so high as to advance commodity prices that in many not thrive under them. instances are still inflated? A defensible tarill', based on ascertained differences in production [Editorial, New York Journal of Commerce (protectionist paper of costs, would have no such effect. It would not threaten defeat for commerce), June 17, 1922.) the party in power. But the J?ending bill is full of jokers, excessive PUBLIC OPUHON AND THEI TARIFF. rates of duty, deals, and bargams in the interest of monopoly. That The newspapers of the country are almost overwhelmingly opposed is the reaS-On why it would increase prices. It is being denounced to the Fordney tariff bill. Even the hard-boiled Republican organs even by stanch protectionist papers ·that call it a bill to empty Con­ give it faint support, and not a few str0J1gly advise moderation in gress of Republieans. It ls a dangerous bill politically because it is order to avert party disaster-. A single mail to this office brings the nnsound and vicious economically. opinions below, which, though chance selections, are characteristic of the mass of editorial opinions. (Editorial from the New York Journal of Commerce (protectionist The Providence Journal, an influential newspaper published in a paper of commerce), June 10, 19.22.) protectio.nist stronghold, writes : . " The Fordney-McCumber tariff bill is at once a colossal piece of par­ • • • • * • * tisan tariff folly and an offense against the American people. The This bill ought to be sent back to the Finance Committee with only question is to what an extent the splendid victory uf 1920 is going orders to reconstruct it. Study of its terms has shown its dangers. to be diminished next November_ Unless the present shameful pro­ It has also shown the difficulty- of remsion on the floor. The ineffi­ gram of the tariff makers is. r.adically changed, there will be a sorry cient patchwork of the Finance Committee is a tribute to cowardice lot of Republican " statesmen " on the morning after the congressional and opportunism, not an evidence of change of heart Only by gen­ elections." eral revision from the bottom up will any tolerable or workable meas­ The Indianapolis News calls it "profit fo:r the few" in these words: ure be obtained. It would be far better to do what President Hard­ " The more the tariff bill is discussed the more it appears tbat it ing was asked to favor-repass the · Payne-Aldrich bill-than to go is a measure for the profit of the few rather than for the protection on with the measure which has resulted from the blundering and the of the many. There is no longer any pretense that- the effect will not political bargaining o~ the dwaa:-fish epigoni wlio have found the shoes be to raise prices, and raise them a great deal. of the old Senate oligarchy too large for them. " Thu£ it is: not surprising that there is a daily increasing antagonism to the proposed tariff not only among the people who.j because of a lack of organization, can speak only at election, but among· prominent Re­ [From the New York Tribune (Republican), June 21, 1922.] publicans who always have been protectionists, but wbo do n°'t believe The tariff bill is undigested and unscientific. It is framed cm an­ in protection run mad." cient methods and shot through with misconceptions. It ignores the The Philadelphia Record comments thus : vast changes which the waP brought about in our economic relations. " If the press is hostile to the Fordn~y-McCumber bill it is because with the rest of the world. The time is not ripe for national tariff the bill is hostile to the Nation1 and whether all the people under:::itarrd revision. And few will accuse the McCumber bill of being tainted! this 01'. not, mo.<,'t o;f the newspapers. do. Mr. McCuMBER is simJ:!lY tryinfj' with rationality. to get money out of all tbe people for the enrichment of a few of them.' To speculate ful'tber along these lines is to invite economic injury The Oklahoman, of ()klahoma, gives this warning to Republicans in and political dlsaster. Congress: - 10848 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-.SENATE. .AUGUST 1,

"There is now some belated effort in -Congress to reduce sclledules of the new tariff measure. This undoubtedly is in response to public Mr. HEFLIN. It is entitled to as much consideration as the protests against a measure carrying schedules that average nearly 50 silk kings of the country. The Democratic Party looks to the per cent higher than those of the Payne-Aldrich tariff law and that was welfare of the commonest individual. None is too small for so bad that it disrupted the Republican Party and ended its control ot national affairs. It is time that people who object to such ro.bbery o.t its consideration. The Government belongs to the whole people the many for the benefit of the few should make their objections felt, and you have no right to use it to put money into the pockets of and the point of attack should be the Republicans now in Congress.." the few faYored ones to the detriment and ruin of the many. The Providence .Journal, an influential newspaper published in a prot ctionist stro.u:;;hold, writes : Mr. McLEAN. I think the Senator from .Alabama, as usual " The fact that a foreign ambassador has called the tariff an interna­ did not comprehend my statement. ' tional question is not going to make the American people forget that Mr. HEFLIN. I understand the Senator from Connecticut whether the quidnuncs call it an international question or a domestic question, or both, it comes home to them in higher costs of living for I think he does not understand himself frequently. ' which there can be no justification." Mr. McLEAN. I understood the Senator from Alabama to Mr. SIMMONS. Mr. President, in reference to the extract say earlier in the day that this bill was drafted in the intere.st that the Senator from Connecticut read from my speech upon of the Cheney combine. I wanted to inform him that this lumber, I simply desire to say to him that in 1913, when I was great combine which he has mentioned contrQ}.led or produced making a tariff bill, I put lumber on the free list. less than 5 per cent of the .American product. I did not refer Mr. HEFLIN. Mr. President, the Senator from Connecticut to the telegram which the Senator read because I do not know [Mr. McLEAN] has announced a strange doctrine, an entirely who signed it, and the Senator has not' told me. new doctrine to me. He said that when a tariff tax was laid Mr. REF.LIN. I w~ll tell the Senator. It is signed by the upon an article the article thus taxed immedia teJy became Portland Silk Co., Middletown, Conn., right in the Senator's cheaper. own State, protesting against the very thing he is undertaking Mr. President, I am ·atisfied that there is not a Republican to have done, and a Democrat from the far South must champion in the whole country except the Senator from Connecticut who the cau~e of these peo~le in t~e State of the Senator and pro­ will accept that doctrine. The Senator from North Dakota te t aga~nst the very thmg he is undertaking to do in this body,." [Mr. MCCUMBER], in his defen e of the e tariff schedules, has That is not all. I want to read another one to . the Senator undertaken to point out from time to time that tbey would from his own State. It is as follows: • result in but slight increases so far as the cost to the consumer Senator GEORGE P. l\!cLEAN, '"a concerned. I have never before heard the doctrine an­ Senate Office Building, Wa.shington, D. O.: nounced from anybody, and I never expect to hear it announced We. protest against the high rate of 55 per cent catch-all clause in the silk schedule. As manufacturer of silk goods in your State we again except by the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. McLEAN] t ell .yo~ that Cheney is not the whole show. and as your constitu'ents that by the employment of the taxing power to increase the we ms~st UJ?On 45 per cent as more than sufficient protection. We are exportmg silk· that we make to England at a profit and therefore selling price of an article you at the same time reduce the co t UlTly do not need a prohibitive protection. ' of that article to the consumer. BllRFELD.l!l:S SILK MU.LS. Mr. President, no wonder these Republican newspapers are Bethel, 001111. referring to this tax mea ure and some of the arguments that l\Ir. President, in view of what the Senator has said I read support it as utterly ridiculous. Here is an effort to increase to but little purpo ·e to the Senator yesterday from the edi­ the tariff tax on cheap ilk, and we now ha\e a splendid trade torial. of the . North American, a Republican paper published in American silk good abroad. I hold in my hai1d a pamphlet, in Philadelphia. I want to read a part of it again : " The Silkworm, Official Bulletin of the Silk Association of J?olliver wa a stanch believn in tariff protection. He stood for a .America," and here is an advertisement seeking .American tariJf framed to offset the difference between foreign and American agents to sell our silk goods in foreign markets ; and yet some ~r~duction costs and. to preserve the American worker's standard of Senators on the other side, including the Senator from Connecti­ li_vmg. But he was implacably against those who, di guised as cham­ p10ns of honest protection, sought to put the rates so high that they cut, are appealing for an additional tax upon that very material. could wring tributP from the American people. l\Ir. President, a· the Senator from Texas [l\fr. SHEPPARD] showed in his powerful speech of yesterday, we are absolutly What i this b~t raisi!ig the prices of these cheap silk goods dependent on these foreign countries for the r.aw material for to the poor? It is the only class of silk goods they can buy, our silk industry. and now come· the ·Senator from Connecticut asking for the The Senator from Connecticut comes ·now and asks for an increase, with silk concerns in his own State saying that tl.tey additional 10 per cent, to be ndded to the 45 per cent now on the will be put out of business; that it will hurt their forei"'n trade statute books. if he puts this duty on, which only benefits one big co~cern in It is a fortunate thing that the people back home can be New England. · heard in these matters. I hold in my hand a copy of a telegi·am .Again, l\fr. President, it seems that the Republican bosse are addressed to the Senator him elf by one of his own constituents, deaf to the ~ppeals of. fairness and justice in anything which which reads as follow : affect the rights and mterests of the .American people. .As I The tentative rate of 55 per cent catchall clause in silk schedule is said yesterday, it remain to be seen whether or not the .Ameri­ altogether too high. It shuts out French importations upon which we can electorate will indorse the misu e and abu e of the taxing depend for success of American industry. We urge 45 per cent as ample protection. power that we see here every day. Forty-five per cent is the present rate, and the Senator is The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is upon agree­ .:eeking to put on top of that 10 per cent more, and one of his ing to the amendment proposed by the Senator from Texas [Mr . SHEPPARD] to the committee amendment, on which the yeas and own constituents, in the business himself, says that the addi­ nays have been ordered. tion of 10 per cent would destroy ·their business. It is a flagrant abuse of 1.he taxing power to undertake to The Assistant Secretary proceeded to call the roll. put money into the pockets of one great big silk concern, taking Mr. DI.AL (when his name was called). I have a pair with it a way from others and destroying their business. It simply the senior Senator from Michigan [Mr. TOWNSEND]. I transfer "' hows· what I and others have contended during the tariff de­ that pair to the junior Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. GERRY] bates-that the little man is not considered by the bosses of and Yote "yea." the Republican Party; that the common man, the average man Mr. HALE (when his name was called). I transfer my pair a nd woman, never is considered in its scheme of fagislation. It with the Senator from Tennessee [l\Ir. SHIELDS] to the Senator is only the big man, it is only the man who is able to write a from Maryland [Mr. WELLER] and vote "nay." big check for a campaign fund who is able to have the taxing Mr. JONES of Washington (when his name was called). The power used for his benefit in the Senate. The little man may senior Senator from Virginia [Mr. SWANSON] is neces arily protest by his telegram to his own Senator that his little busi­ absent. I am paired with him for the day. I find I can trans­ ne ·s wm be destroyed, but none of these things move the Sena­ fer that pair to the junior Senator from Iowa [l\'Ir. RAWSON], tor from Connecticut and those with him, who stand and plead and I do so and vote. I vote "nay." for thi abuse of this taxing power. l\fr. LODGE (when his name was called). I transfer my l\Ir. McLEAN. Mr. President-- pair with the senior Senator from Alabama [l\fr. UNDERWOOD] The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from to the senior Senator -from Maryland {Mr. FRANCE] and vote .Alabama yield to the Senator from Connecticut? "nay." Mr. HEFLIN. I yield. Mr. McCUMBER (when his name was called). I transfer my Mr. McLEAN. The Connecticut industry at South Manches­ general pair with the junior Senator from Utah [Mr. KING] to ter. which is owned and managed by the Cheneys, produces less the junior Senator from Washington [Mr. POINDEXTER] and vote than 5 per cent of the American product. "nay." Mr. HEFLIN. Is that any reason why it is not entitled to Mr. ROBINSON (when his name was called). Transferring live? Because a con<'ern is small should it be choked to death my pair with the Senator from We ·t Virginia [l\Ir. SUTHER­ and killed? LAND] to the senior Senator from Mi souri [l\fr. REED], I vote l\1r. McLEAN. l\fr. President-- "yea!' 1922. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~EN ATE~ 10849

Mr. STERLING (when his· name was ca1led). Tra'IlsfelTi.ng than 4-0 per cent ad valorem," and insert in lieu the:reot a my· pair with the Senator from South Carolina [Mr. SMITH] to comma· and the- words " but not less than 40 per cent ad the Senator frmn New York [Mr. W'.A.DswoRTH], I vote n nay." valorem~" so as to read: . . Mr. TRAMMELL (when his n1Ul1e' was caned). In the· ab­ 1t· ungummed, wholly .or ln part, or i.f further advanced by aU1" sence of my pair, tlie eniar S-enator from Rhode Island [Mr. proeess of manufacture, $1.50 per p-0und, but not less than 40 per · ·cent ad va.lorem. I.n no ca e shall the duty be assessed on a less CoLT], I withhold my vote. If permitted to vote, I wonld vote number of yards than is marked on the goods as imported. "yen." Mr. WATSON of Indiana (when his name was called). Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, what I said with reference Transferring my general pair with the Senator from Missis­ to the prev±ous amendment:J applies to this amendment. sippi [Mr. WILLIAMS] to the seniar Senator from Pennsylva:­ The PRESIDING 0FFICEJR. The question is on agreeing nia [1\fr. CnowJ, I vote unay." to the amendment of the committee. The roll calf was· concluded. The amendment was agreed to.. Mr. HARRISON (after having voted in the affirmative). I The PRESIDING OFFICER. The .next amendment of the have- a general pair with tl1e junior Senator from West Vir­ committee will be stated. ginia [Mr. ELKINS]. Be not havfug voted, r withdraw my The ASSISTANT SECRETABY. The next amendment of the com­ vote. If pe1·mitted to vote, I would vote "yea." mittee is on page 156, to strike out paragraph 1205, in the fol- Mr. JONES of New Mexico (after having voted in tlle affirm­ lowing wocds : . ative). I am informed that my general pair, the Senator from P.AU, 1205. Woven fabrics in the pl~ce, composed wholly or in chief value of silk,, if dyed i.11 the thread oi: yarn, and the weight ls not in­ Maine [Mr. FERNALD], has not voted. I am unable to obtain a creased in beyond the original weight of raw silk if containing • transfer of that pair and therefore withdraw my vote. not more than 30 per cent in weight of silk, $1.25 per pound · if con­ Mr. CURTIS. I wish to annollnce the following general taining more than 30 per cent l:lut not. more• than' 41) per cent ill w~ight af lfilk, $1.66 per pound; if containing more than 45 per cent in weight pairs: of silk, $3 per pound ; if weight is ix:creased in dyeing beyond· tile The Senator from Vermont [Mr. DILLINGHAM] with the Sena­ original weight of raw silk', if weighing more- than one-third of 1 ounce tor from Virginia [Mr. G!.A.ss] ; ·but not more than 11 ounce pe1"squa:re yard, ~black (e:x;cept selvedires} $2.25 per po.und ; if other than black, $3 per pound; if weighing ~ore The Senator from New J"ersey [Ml'. EDGE] with the Senator t.h.an 1 ounce but. not more than 1i ounces per square yard if black from Oklahoma [Mr. OWEN] ; ~ exceJ!i: ~elvedges), $Z per pound; if other than hl.ack, $2. 75 pe.r pound ; The Senator from California [Mr. Jo~soN] with the Sena­ tf we1gltiug more th!lin H l:lut. not more tl:fan! li} otmces per square yard, if black (except selvedges) , $1.80 per pound ; if other than black tor from Georgia [Mr. WATSON] ; and . $2.50 per pound; il weighing more than li} but not more than 2 The Senator from Indiana [Mr. NEwJ with the Senator from Ol;lnces per square yard; if black (except· selvedges)', $1.65 per pound· Tennessee [Mr. MCKELLAR]. Jt o'f:her than black, $2.25 per pound ; if weighing more than 2 but not more than 8 ounces pen square yard, and if containing not more than The result was announced-yeas 23, nays 35, as follows : 30 per cent in weight of silk, if black {e:x:cept selvedges), 75 cents per YEAS-28. pound; if other than blilck, 90 cents per pound; if containing more than Ashu11st Fletcher Mj'ers Shep pa.rd 30 per cent but not more than 46 per cent in weight' of silk • if black Borah Hanis Overman Simmons (erccpt S'elvedges), $1.10 pe11 pound; if other than black, $1.30 per Caraway Iletlin Pittman­ Stanley pound; if containing more than 45 per cent in weight of silk but Culberson Hitchcock Pomerene Walsh, Mass. not more than 60 per cent", it blaek (except selvedges), $1.46· pel' Cummins Kellogg Ransdell Wnlsh, Mont. pound ; if other than black, $1.60 per pound ; if containing mo.re than Lenroot Robinson 60 per cent in weight of silk; or if eompos-ed wholly of silk, and if Dial having not more than 440 single threads to tlie inch in the warp, if NAYS-35. black (except selv~dges), $1.50 p-er pound; if other than bla-ck, $2 Ball Frelinghuysen McKinle-y Phipps pe1· pound; if haV-IDg. more than 440 but' not more than 600 single BrandegPe Gooding McLean Smoot thxeads to the inch in the warp, if blac.k {except selvedges), $1.65 per Broussard Hale McNary Spencer pound; if o.theE than black, $2.25" per pound; if having more than 600 Bursum · Jo11es, Wash. Moses Stanfield but not more than 760 single threads to the inch in the warp, if bla:crk Calder Kendrick Nelson Sterlin-g {>e:tceIJt selvedges), $1.80 per pound; if other than black, $2:50 per Capper Keyes Newbeny Warren pound ; if having more than 760 but not more than 920 single threads Curtis Ladd Nichoi86n Watson, Ind. to the inch in the warp, if black (except selvedges), $2 per pound; lf du Pont Lod_ge Oddie Willls other than black, $2.75 per pound; if having more than 920 single Ernst Mccumber Pepper threads· to the inch in th~ warp, if black (except selvedges'), $2.25 pm· P:OUlld ~ if, other thaD black, $3 per· pound; if weighing more than 8 NOT VOTING-38. ounces per square yard, 33§ per cent ad valorem. Cameron Harre!d Norris Swan··on Colt Ha.niso.n Owen Townsend And insert in lieu thereof: Crow Johnson Pa~t=f Trammell PAR. 1205. Woven fabrics in the piece composed who.Uy or in cliiet Dillingham Jones, N. Mex. Pomdexter Underwood value C1f silk·, no.t specially provided for, 55 per cent ad valorem. Edge King Rawson Wadsworth Elkins La li'ollette Reed Watson, Ga. Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, the Senate Finance Com- Fernald McC'ormick Shield~ Weller mittee fu proposing this amendment have disca11ded and re- ~~~;e M~ena:r g~~idge William pudiated the rate scheme which it recommended when it· re- Glass N01·beck Sutherland ported the pending· bill. The paragraph as it appears in the So Mr. SHEPP-ARD's amendment to the amendment of the com- · bin. covers four or five pages a.nd ineludes complicated classifi- mittee was rejected. cations, classi.trcations amounting altnost to prohibitions against The PRESIDENT pro tempo1~e. The-. question now is upon imports in many instances: In proposing in lien of' that com- agreeing to the amendment of the aommittee. plicated paragraph a paragraph of two or three lines, following The amendment was agreed to. exactly the- language of the existing Democratic law, the com- The PRESIDEN']] pro tempare. The Secret.ary will state the mittee pays a high compliment to the abilfty of the Democrats in next amendment: constructing the :present tariff law.. 1 congratulate it on re- The AssISTANT SECRETABY. On page 156, in paragraph 1204, 1:urning to the plain, simple Jeffersonian language of existing the committee proposes to strike- out in line 9, after the word , Democ:ratic law and Wish it could also apply the same action " pound," "Provided, That none of the foregoing gh:all pay a to the rates. less rate of duty than 30 per cent ad valorem," and insert in It is unnecessary for me to repeat what I said yesterday re­ lieu thernof a comma and the words " but not less than 35 garding this paragraph. It involves the type of silk known as per cent ad valorem," so as to read: broad silk. Broad silk constitutes the principal part of the PAR. 1204. Sewing silk, twist, fioss, and sllk threads· oi: ;yarns ot any · eilk-ma:t:rtrfil.cturing industry in tlie United States. description, made from raw sil'4 not specially provided for, if in the Under tb'.e existing Democratic rate of 45 per cent, a rate in gum, ~1 per pound, but not leSs than 35 per cent ad valoTem. effect highly protective, this branch of the silk industry hus Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, I recognize that the ap- made most remarkable progress witb'.in the-last six or eight years. plication of the proposed ad valorem duty is essentiaf to the It has grown from an output in 1914 of over 2.16,000,000 yards, rate scheme contemplated in this paragrap~, - and, inasnmch as valued at $137,000,000, to an output in 1919 of 307,000,000 yards, the amendment which I propose to offer mvolves a complete 1 valued at $391.,000,000. Thus it trebled its output under exist­ change of the text of the paragi-aph, I can not under the pre- ing Democratic- rates- within five--yearg. What m-0re co11lff Sen­ vailing rule offer it at this time. Consequently I. content. my- ators expect? Why do they propose a substantial increase in self with voting against the amendment fo1· the p1·esent. rates in view of a situation of this kind? The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. J-ONES of Washington in Nat onl~ has the industry shown this remarkable increase in the chair). The question is on agreeing to t11e amendment of · tiie value of production but it has developed a notable export· the committee. trade. The exports in 1919 had a vafne of $10,000:000 and in The amendment was agreed to. t 19""20' of $8,000,000. During the first nine months of 1921 the ex- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The: next amendment will be- ; p.orts amonnted' to $2,000,000. lmportg constitute about 6 er 7 per stated. · cent of' the domestic consumption; and are confined mainlyJtO no~- The As.s.ISTANT SECRETARY. On page 115(), in litI~ 13, after IJ el ties an:d high-grade specialties·from Europe and to the cheaper the word " ·peund," the committee proposes to strm.e out "'Pro- r grade <1f silkg ft'om China and Japan~ which ate not mmle to 'Vided; That none of the foregoing sball'pay a 1~-ss rate'

ably made as the higher-grade standard silk goods. Our manu­ 1\lr. FLETCHER. As I understand the Senator's argument, facturers have found it more profitable to confine their efforts supported by the telegram which he just read, it is to the effect to the production of the higher-grade standard silk goods than that the additional 22 per cent would be overprotection. to attempt to produce the cheaper goods. The cheaper goods l\Ir. SHEPPARD. Exactly. and the high-gmde novelties constitute the bulk of the rela­ · l\Ir. FLETCHER. It comes out of the pockets of the people tively mall yolume of imports in this branch of the silk without any benefit really to the manufacturer or to anybody industry. else. It merely enables them to raise the price that much. The Senator from Connecticut [Mr. :McLEA...'i] said the silk l\!ay I ask the Senator how much of the raw material out of. indu try was suffering. What is it doing with the continu­ which these goods are made is imported? Is practically all ously increasing volume of imported raw material? A.s I said the raw material imported? a few moments ago, the imports for 11 months ending in May l\1r. SHEPPARD. All of the raw material is imported im· or this year were larger than in any similar period of the coun­ ported free of duty, so that manufacturers are practl~ally try'::s history. So I submit that there can be no possible basis getting double protection. They are getting a generous pro· in ju tice or in fact for an increase of 22 per cent in the tariff tection on . the finished product and they are also getting the on IJroad silk. raw mat~r1al free. Wby they ask for more at this time chal­ Mr. HITCHCOCK. Mr. President-- lenges my understanding. Mr. SHEPPARD. I yield to the Senator from Nebraska. . l\Ir. PO:.:\IEREI\"'E. Mr. Pre ident, let me ask a further ques­ Mr. HITCHCOCK. Can the Senator state approximately the ~10n. The Senator from Texas has just read a very illuminat­ price at which the American-made silks sell in this country? mg telegram from tl1e Bethlehem Silk Co.-- Mr. SHEPPARD. I can in a general way. Usually the value l\1r. SHEPPARD. The telegram which I rend was from the of tlle silk manufactured output is twice the value of the raw Bethlehem Silk Co. material. The raw reeled-silk imports are valued now at about Mr. P01IERENE. Are they producers of all cla. f':t' of silk $8 a pound. Therefore the manufactured output of woven­ or are they confined to certain speciaities? silk goods, the larger part of the entire production, would have Mr. SHEPPARD. They are producers in a large way ot an average value of $16 a pound at present. the standardized broad silks, if I am correctly informed. ~Ir. HITCHCOCK. Can the Senator translate that into Mr. POl\IERENE. So that any expression of that 1..--.ind would vurd~ instead of pounds, so as to make it a little more inteJU­ reflect their sentiment as to the silk indu try generally? gible? l\lr. SHEPPARD. I think that they would reflect the enti· l\Ir. SHEPPARD. It is hardly possible to translate it into ment of the larger part of the silk industry. yards because the quality varies with the pounds per yard, Mr. HITCHCOCK. Mr. President-- and I know of no official statement based on yards; The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Texas Mr. HITCHCOCK. Are these particular silks in general use yield to the Senator from Nebraska? or are tbey simply luxuries used by the rich? Mr. SHEPPARD. I yield. :Mr. RHEPPARD. They are standard silk dress goods and, l\lr. HITCHCOCK. I understood the Senator from Texa!'i to as the Senator know , they are in general u ·e throughout the 'tate that the American production of silk is something like United States. $400,000,000 worth a year? l\Ir. HITCHCOCK. By women of all clas e ·? l\lr. SHEPPA.RD. The amount in 1919, the la t year for 2.lr. RITEPPARD. Yes; by practically all women. Ninety '':hich we have the official :figures, was over $391,000,000 in broad per t ent of ties and hatl>ands are made of silk, and silk dresses, silks alone. especially the cheaper variety, are· coming more and more into Mr. HITCHCOCK. That is consumed very largely by the geueral use. In fact, the A.merican people are using silk to a American public. greater extent than ever, and it would not be accurate to say Mr. SHEPPARD. It is consumed principally by tlrc Ameri- that it is a luxury solely or mainly of the rich. can public. . Mr. HITCHCOCK. The Senator's investigations have shown l\Ir. HITCHCOCK. Can the Senator from Texas tate or that the manufactures of the American-made goods consumed give some idea as to how tbe imports of that class of ·ilk com­ are increasing rapidly, and that the American manufacturers pare with the volume of American production? control the market virtually? Mr. SHEPPARD. The importations represent ahont 6 or 7 · l\lr. SHEPPARD. The American manufacturers of broad per cent of home output. silk~ have not only obtained complete command of the domestic 1\fr. HITCHCOCK. So that competition from abroad may be murket but are building up a substantial export trade. The said to be negligible? imvorts, as I saiU, are now confined principally to the higher Mr. SHEPPARD. That is true. grades of silk goods and novelties and to the cheaper grades Mr. HITCHCOCK. And where the Bethlehem ~ilk Co. tates from Japan and China. that "any rates above" the present rates "would only mean The existing rate of 45 per cent certainly ought to be satis­ higher taxes for the consuming public," they only refer to iin­ factory to Senators and to the industry. I have here a telegram portations of about 6 per cent of the total consumption; o from the Bethlehem Silk Co., one of the substantial silk con­ that the taxes are not a very important feature. cerns of the United States, sent to a Republican Senator and The real significant fact is that if the tariff were rai ·ed it reading as follows : would enable the producers of $400,000,000 worth of silk to JULY 26, 1922. raise their prices and have immunity.from foreign competition; A.s domestic manufacturers of silks, and for the good of the Repub­ in other words, the taxes that would be levied on the .American lican Party, we hereby protest against the bigh rates now proposed by people would not go into the Treasury of the United StatPR, the Senate Finance Committee on silk goods imports as unnecessary for protection. We are amply and fully protected against the impor­ but might go into the treasuries of the silk manufacturing tation from any country in the world by the present rate of 45 per companies? cent, and any rates above this would only mean higher taxes for the Mr. SHEPPARD. That seems to be correct. consuming public. B»THLEHEM SILK Co. l\Ir. POMERENE. It would also follow, I a. sume, that in­ l\lr. POMEREl'o.~. Mr. President-- tead of getting customs revenue from the importation which Mr. SHEPPARD. I yield to the Senator from Ohio. amount to 6 per cent of consumption, the additional tax of 10 1\lr. POMERENE. I did not hear the earlier part of the per cent woul,d operate as an embargo? Senator's argument on this schedule, but can he tell the Senate l\Ir. FLETCHER. The additional tax is 22 per cent. what this additional tariff rate would cost the consumers of the l.\lr. POMERE!\EJ. No; the additional rate is 10 per cent. country if it were adopted? Mr. SHEPPARD. The additional rate amount to an incrPRRe l\Ir. SHEPPARD. The output for the last year for which I of 22 per cent oyer the existing rate. have the official figures is almost $!00,000,000, and the ad l.\lr. P01\1ERENE. The rate of 2"2 per cent, therefore, valorem increase is about 22 per cent. One-fifth of $400,000,000 would operate virtually a.s an embargo upon any further im­ means an $80,000,000 cost increase in this branch of the silk portation of silks? industry alone. Mr. SHEPPARD. It evidently would. Mr. FLETCHER. Mr. President-- Ur. FH.ELINGHUYSEN. Mr. President-- 1\Ir. SHEPPARD. I yield to the Senator from Florida. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does th Senator from Texas Mr. FLETCHER. May I ask the Senator what the revenue yield, and, if so, to whom? now derived amounts to under the present law? 1\lr. SHEPPARD. I yield to the Senator from New Jel'sey. 1\lr. SHEPPARD. I have not that exact figure at present, Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. I request Senator who are debat­ but I shall find out for the Senator and will give it to him in a ing the pending proposition to speak a little louder in order moment. The revenue derived from the existing Democratic that we on this side of the Chamber may hear what they say. rate on broad silks amounted to about eleven and a half million Mr. SHEPP,ARD. I shall speak a little louder, and I shall dollars in. 1920. The average for a number of past years was l_'ead the names of some silk concerns which are opposed to an much lower. · increase of ·tariff rates in this schedule; concerns which em- 1922. CONGRESSIONAL .RECORD~EN ATE. i10851 brace, I think, the bulk of the silk business in the United burg, Pa.; Paterson, N. J, • Norfolk and Charlottesville, Va.; Hornell, N. Y.; and Taunton, Mass.f. States. Cedarcli6: Co., 381 :fourth Avenuet.... New York City (with mills at The Susquehanna Silk Mills, 140 Madison Avenue, New York Paterson, N. J., and Bmghamton, N. l'.). City with mills at Marion, Ohio; Jersey Shore, Lock.haven, John & James Dobson (Inc.), 809-811 Chestnut Street, Philadel- phia, Pa. . l\Iilt~n Northumberland, Lewiston, and Huntington, Pa. Clifton Yarn Mills, Clifton Heights, Pa. . Martin L. Cohn Co., 424 Fourth Avenue, New York City. The Portland Silk Co., 131 East Twenty-third Street, New York Ur. WALSH of Montana. I should like to ask the Senator City (with mills at Middletown Conn.). R. & H. Simon Co., Union inn, N. J. (with mills at Union Hill, are we to understand that milL'3 at Marion, Ohio, are protesting N. J., and Easton, Pa.). again t this schedule? Pennsylvania Textile Co., 449 Fourth Avenue, New York City (with l\1r. SHEPPARD. The mill at l\larion, Ohio, is protesting mills at York, Pa., and Central Falls, R. I.). Manhattan Silk Co.{ 95 Madison Avenue, New York City (with mills against this schedule. Also the Burlington Silk 1\Iills, 424 at Ogdensburg, N. Y.J. Fourth Avenue, New York City,-with mills at Burlington, N. J. Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. President-- · Mr. POMERENE. May I add to the illuminating statement Mr. ,SHEPPARD. I yield to ·the Senator from New Jersey. which has just been made by the Senator from Texas in answer Mr. ~~RELINGHUYSEN. I should like to ask the Senator a to the question of the Senator from Montana [Mr. WALSH] that question. Has he compiled the statistics of the number of there are more protests against the passage of this bill in my looms in the mills to which he has referred, and also the mail from Ohio from manufacturers who are Republicans than quantity of material imported by those .firms? Has he the from any other source. number of broad looms that are represented in the list which Mr. SHEPPARD. I thank the Sena tor from Ohio for that he ha read? information. Mr. SHEPPARD. I have not that information. I gi>e thi Mr. HITCHCOCK. l\Ir. P1·esident-- list for what it is worth, and I think it is composed of repre­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Texas sentative silk firms in the United States. yield to the Senator from Nebraska? _ Mr. POMERENE. They are opposed to this increase? Mr. SHEPPARD. I yield. l\fr. S "PPAUD. They are opposed to this increase. Mr. HITCHCOCK. I want to state to the Senator from Therefore, Mr. President, I move to substitute the rate of 43 Texas also that there will not only be Marions who will pro­ per cent a.s founerlooked the fact that when the l\1arions, and the Marrs, and Mr. FHELIXGHUYSEN. Mr. President, before the yeas and the Lucys, and the Susans, and the Jessies go to buy their nay are taken I want to say just a word about thi industry, dresses and other articles of war apparel and find that the Re­ parti<'nlarly in reference to my State. publican policy has put up the prices of the thing~ they ha!e The Senator from Texas [1\lr. SHEPPARD] ha read a list of got to wear, the protests will take a Yery substantial form m several firms or factories in New Jersey that he says are op­ the November elections. posed to this duty. I think I counted some eight or ten factories l\fr. SHEPPARD. \Ve have all heard of the "steam roller,. that he mentioned. There are 957 silk factories in New Jersey, in American politics. but it seems now that Marion, Ohio, is :rnd they are almost a unit in asking for this protection. We going to get out a steam shovel and with it undermine the high do not realize the extent or importance of the great ·ilk indu - walls of protection. I understand that some of the be t try which has been built up and fostered in this country under varieties of steam shovels are made there. a protecth·e tariff. Connecticut, for which Senator McLEAK Mr. Mr. WATSON of Georgia. President-- speaks. of course has a large silk industry within its limit~. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from T exas Some fiftv-seven and odd millions of dollars are invested there; yiel

Number of I but we were driven out of business by this Japanese competi­ mills ...... 600 75 4.0 70 96 881 tion. Since the war the importation has increased so rapidly Number of looms ...... 36; 800 5,000 ...... that it is displacing .:rvery large percentage of our yardage, and that is why we want a rate 10 per cent higher tihan t he Under­ 1919. wood rate.

Normal help._ 29,4.00 6,000 '2,~ 3,500 2,500 43, 900 l\Ir. HITCHCOCK. Let me see if I have the :figures correctly. Normal week The Senator states that in value the imports approximate only wage ..... _. $883,200 ' $180,000 $62,f>OO W,500 $50,000 Sl, 263, 200 7 per cent of the total consumption, so that is negligible. He Annual wage $45, 926, 400 $9,360,000 '3,250, 000 $4,550,000 isz,600,ooo IS65, 686, 400 then says, however, that when we come to measure the amount 1922. by yards the imports are 24 per cent of the total consumption ; so that it is the cheap goods that are coming in, and it is the Present help .. 14, 720 1,&Xl i 750 11100 1,250 19,620 Present week cheap goods, used by comparatively poor people, upon which tlle wage • . .... • $363,.280 137,500 - $16,500 · $30,800 $22,500 $470,580 Senator seeks to levy this tax, and which he seeks to exclude Ammar wage $18, 890, 560 $1, 950, 000 $858,000 $1,601,600 $1,170,000 $21, 470, 160 1 from the American market. That is just exactly tbe stateDlent the Senator made. · Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. The- Senator from Nebraska [Mr. Mr. McLEAN. Let me call the attention of the enator from HrrcHcoCK] asks about tbe importations. In 1918 there were Nebraska to the Reynolds report on these habutais and pongees. 1,676,000 pounds of broad silk imported; in 1919, 3.123,000 The first article is valued in Japan at 38 eents a yard. Tlle pounds; .in 1920, 2,565,000 pounds; and in 1921, 4,109,000 · selling price here is 62 cents, adding the duty and all. The pounds. In comparison with the production, I agree with the selling price of the domestic article is 85 cents a yard. That Senator that it is a very small amount. wouW warrant a rate of 120 per cent to equalize the difference, I did not hear what the Senator from Utah [1\Ir. SMOOT] and all that we are asking is 55 per .cent. When this mnttei· said. Po sibly he wishes to contribute something to the discus- was discussed before the committee I asked the expea.-t if this sion. rate of .55 per cent would interfere with the importations fr.om :\Ir. SMOOT. No; I did not. I simply asked the Senator how Japan, and he said it would not. My own belief is that we shall many yards there generally are to a pound of silk. , have to have at least 75 per cent ad valorem, but we are willing ~fr. FRELINGHUYSEN. I am not well enough informed to to try to do the best we a.an on the 55 per cent basis. That is give the details. the situation. Mr. McLEAl~. From 8 to 20. Mr. HITCHCOOK. The fact is that we are making four Mr. MOOT. I stated that about 2 ounces to the yard would times 118 much silk as we are importing if we take it by yaril­ be '8 yards to the pound, the Senator having just a little while age. Now, I want to know of .the Senator from Connectl~ut before asked about tbe importations. I am sorcy the Sen~tor whether he objects to any competition from abroad. Doe8 he thought I interrupted him in any way. ' not want any imports? _ Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. President. the value, as com- Mr. McLEAN. I have just tried to make it clear to the piled by these figmes for paragraph 1205; in 1918 was $10,645,- Senator that these rates probably would not interfere with the 000, and in 1921 $23,005,000, ·showing that the imports are in- ' importations to the extent of a yard. creasing. . .Mr. IDTCHCOCK. What are th.ey put on for, then? 1922. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 10853

l\J1·. :McLEAN. The duty will give us a fairer chance to com­ Beginning with 1911, antl running ·on clown to 1919, under the pete than if we had to 'compete under the 45 per cent ad Payne-Ald1·ich rates, the irnpo1·tations were- valorem rate. l\fr. HITCHCOCK. That is, it will give the American manu­ i~f 1======:::::::=:::::::=::::======::::: $~:~8g;ggg facturers an opportunity to raise their prices to comport with And then, in 1914, the Underwood law being in operation during the increased tariff? ?- large part of that year, the importations were $11,985,000, and Mt'. :McLEAN. Oh, no; they will have to lower their prices. m 1915 under the Underwood law the importations were $8 732 - l\fr. HITCHCOCK. How will they get any benefit from the 000,. or an average during those five years of $8.878,ooO, r:.s tariff, then? aga~nst an a \erage from 1906 to 1910 of $11,685,000 and as l\Ir. McLEAN. They will get 10 per cent ad -valorem. The ~gamst ~n average from 1901 to 1905 of $13,612,000. So the price of the foreign product will be raised to that extent. - l.Illportahons under the Underwood law before war conditions Mr. HITCHCOCK. It means that that extra protection will affected the situation were less, on the average than the enable them to avail themselves of it to get that extra pay. importations under the Dingley law or under the Payn~-Aldrich Mr. McLEAN. Oh, no, Mr. President. law. Mr. HITCHCOCK. That is certainly so. It is a proposition Mr. HIT~COCK. I thank the Senator for those specific fig­ to increase the price of the cheap silks to the American women ure . But if we take the figures alone given by the Senator by increasing the tariff on cheap silks that are imported. from Connecticut a.nd have no supporting figures of a stronger Mr. 1\IcLEAN. Mr. President, these goods can be bought character, as given by the Senator from North Carolina 1 the now for 50 or 60 cents a yard in Washington, and they pay a argument is conclusiYe that the manufacturers of silk in this 45 per cent ad valorem. I want to show a sample to the country have prospered and done a legitimate part of the Ameri­ Senator from Nebraska. can business.. He ha~ admitted that if we take these silks as !\fr. FLETCHER. May I ask the Senator, right there, how a whole the importations amount at the present time to onlv the prices of to-day compare with the prices in 1914? ! per Ce?-t Of the total consumption, and the other 93 per cent Mr. McLEAN. We were driven out of business in 1914 by IS supplled by the American manufacturers. He admits that the l"nderwood rates and we had to stop making these goods. . even when we com.e to the cheaper silks, which, he says, sell Mr. FLETCHER. That does not answer the question. The to the women of this country at something like 60 cents a vard Senator made a statement regarding present prices of these the importati?ns, in ya.rdage, amount to only 24 per cent,v as i silk. . I ask him how the present prices compare with those understood him. Possibly he meant that the importation by of 1914? yardage, of all silks was·24 per cent. ' l\lr. McLEAN. I can not answer that question. I think I do not care which figures are taken. The American ma.nu­ they are probably somewhat higher. f~cturer.s, in. any. event, are manufacturing four times as much l\lr. FLETCHER. I think so. sd~ as is bemg m1ported into the country, measured in yards, Mt·. HITCHCOCK. I understood the Senator to say that the wh~ch embraces the cheaper silks, and certainly it can not be silk mills were driven out of business in 1914. Have they l>een claimed that that competition is of a disastrous character when out of business ever since? three-fourths of the market, even in these cheap silks is in the· 1\fr. McLEAN. No. During the existence of the embargo hands of the American manufacturers. I take it' that the created by the war, of course, we know that all industries in proposition to levy an extra tax of 10 per cent, or to increase this country were busy. the rate ?Y 22 per cent, is simply for the purpose of enabling l\lr. HITCHCOCK. The war stopped four years ago. the America1:1 manufacturers to raise their prices on cheap silks l\lr. McLEAN. Yes; but the Underwood rates are still in to the American ·women, and I say that is not justified. There· existence. is no impending danger to the American industry which wa1:­ Mr. HITCHCOCK. They are still in existence, and your ._ilk rants it, and it is simply compelling the American women of people are now doing three-fourths of all the busines in silks, the poorer class to pay a tax to the factories every time they and they are manufacturing four times as much silk as is being buy a yard of silk. imported, measured by the yard. Mr. SIMMONS. Mr. President, in addition to what the Sena· l\lr. McLEAN. But we are not making these articles, be­ tor has said, with the exception of a few novelties which come cause we can not do it, as we can not get the protection. Here from Europe and some new designs, this is clearly a proposition is a pongee [exhibiting]. It is " loaded." I do not know the to excl?de the v~ry cheapest grades of silks. which are not pro­ prices, but if you wish it, that is what you get. [Exhibiting.] duced m the Umted States at all. I ha.Ye discussed already to- It is a pure imposition. It is weighted with China clay antl . day their character. While the purpose and motive of the manu­ rice glue, and when you boil it and wash it it is worthless. I facturers Yery largely is as described by the Senator that of do not think the American people would suffer greatly if they obtaining an opportunity to advance their prices, im· were not permitted to buy this stuff at all. ~ith m~ity from forei~ competition, the fundamental ground upon Mr. Sll\L"l\IONS. Mr. President, in the colloquy between the which they are askmg the exclusion of these silk goods which Senator from Nebraska and the Senator from Connecticut I are not produced in America, and which ·the- poor people' of· this understood the Senator from Connecticut to make the state­ suffi­ country use, because they a1·e not able to buy the high-priced ment that on account of the Underwood law not affording products produced in the United States; is to force that class cient protection the industry had been embarrassed and that of customers, the users of the e inexpensive silks from abroad, the importations were increased. )fr. HITCilCOCK. The Senator went further than that. notwithstanding their financial inability, to tmdertake the ex­ He said they were put out of business by the Underwood law. travagance of buying the higher grade and more costly prod­ ucts which are produced in America. It is a direct blow at the l\Ir. McLEAN. We did not make this particular line in 1912 consumers of the cheap products. It is the laboring people of and 1913. Mr. Sll\l:MONS. I am talking about broad silks which are the United States, the people of small salaries, the farm women referred to in the paragraph under consideration. 'I have the of this country, whose husbands are in distress, who use this data with reference to broad silks-- inexpensive silk. These cheap silks do displace to some extent Mr. HITCHCOCK. I hope the Senator will read them. the expensive silks produced in the United States, and if the .:Jir. Sillll\iONS. Under the McKinley A.ct and under the cheaper goods are excluded the poor people will be forced to Drngle:r Act and under the first two years of the Underwood buy the expensive silks or go without silks, and that is the motive of the proposition of levying this duty. A ct, before the influences of the war began to affect this in­ All the silk manufacturers are not asking for this, and those dustry, as it!<'. did ~any other industries. Beginning with 1901, who are not asking for it have, in conversations with me, said

more yarcl ; bnt that bas reference to the cheaper products The following figures flldicate the course of plain babutai exports w11ich are importetl. A greater percentage of those have been from Japa.-ri to t_he United States, in pounds and in estimated yardage: comiug in Rince tlle mu. Tbe distress of our people has made it neceRsary for greater numbers of them to use these cheaper Pounds. Yards. gn1ues of silk than was the case during the war. During the war almo t anybody could afford to Luy a $10 or $14 silk Annual average 1909-1913 ..••••••••••••••...•••.•...... 4.05 000 8, 711,000 . Ilirt, or thought they could. People are not doing it now. Annual average 19U-1918 .•••••••••••••••••....•...... !l4S;ooo 20,352,006 1,228, 000 Anybody then could afford to buy costly stockings. They can 1, 790, 000 ~'!rl·~ not <10 it now. .i:row they must buy the cheaper ~tockings, and 875,000 is; 100;000 therefore the incre e in the yarda~e is due to the fact that a i7::~0~~:i;~~i~:~:::~:::::::::::: ::: :~::::: 1,019,000 21,896,000 larger percentage of these cheap goods are coming in now tban Pongee exports from Japan were not differentiated by countries until flul'ing the war, because the demand for them is greater than 1921, for which year the American consul at Yokohama cables that the it was during the Yl'Bl', and the demand for the more expensive . export of pongee to the Unlted States amounted to 18,a49,000 yard.S. kind is les . From China, whence comes practically nothing but pongee, went to the United States, ln 1920, 229,000 pound of pongee, which probably I do not wish to enlarge upon the very able discussion of this amounted to a million and a half yards ; in 1921, perhaps more than schedule by the Senator from Texas. I think he covered this treble that amount-say, six to seven hundred thousand pounds, con­ paragraph wita wonderful clearness, forcefulne s, and com­ stituting four to five million yards. For discussion, habutais may be divided into three classes-extremely pleteness; but I have here a statement giving certain data lightweights (below about 4 momme weight, which equaL'! 0.51 ounce to connected. with the production, the importation, tbe exportation, the square yard) ; medium weights (4 to 6 momme; that is, from O.!'Sl and the value of these products, together with explanatory notes to 0. 77 ounce per square yard) ; and. heavyweights (above G momme). The extremely lightweights, which constitute 10 to 12 per cent of the prepared by an expert of tp.e department for my use. Instead total habutai import, are usM chiefiy as cheap 01fi11 and cheap hat of reading it and commenting upon it, which I would do but lining . They are so filmsy that they have tO" be u ed where there is full and practically no wear. None of them have ever been made in the United for the 'ery statement presentation. of the Senator States, and their import ·is thus no11competitive. If they did not come from Te)(as, I hall content myself by asking that it may be in­ in, cotton and not silk would probably be substituted for them. The corporated in the RECORD ai:; a part of my remarks without medium weights are used in making cheap undergru·ments, waists, and linings. Tbey constitute probably 50 to 60 per cent of the total import reading. and are only indirectly competitive. Under the 1909 tariff' they were The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so produced in the Unit~d States in small proportion to imports, bnt have ordered. not been made here since 1914. The heavyweights, which altogether constitute something like 20 to 30 per cent of the total, are directly The matter referred to is as follows: competitive with a small domestic manufacturn of imitation habutal l!.&BAGRAPH 1205. and with a fair.lv large domestic manufacture of imitation radium. With other domestic goods they are also indirectly competitive. Ameri­ The production of broad silks (American production of broad silk is can fabrics are in general better made and command a varying price at least equal to that of all Eurnpean countrtes combined and something dift'erential over the imported product. Uk~ twice that of Japan)-designated in the tariff as "woven fabrics Pongees were made here under the act of 1909, \Vhen the duty in the piece "-increased, from 1909 to 1914, 16.3 per cent in yards and amounted usually to several hundred per cent, tltough consumption 28 per cent in value· from 1914 to 1919, 43 per cent in yards and 184 was greatly curtailed. Since 1914 they have not been made here, and pe1· cent in value. ~ce HH9 production has, due to the depression, it is doubtful whether they could except with a dut:v- of something like declined both in yards and in value, particularly in value. Production 100 per cent. Imports of pongees may at present, theref01:e, be said to in 1914 and 1919 was as follows : be noncompetitive. 'rhey are used for men's summer suits, men's shirts, women's dresses, suits, waists, and skirts. In many of these they are more nearly competitive with linen or cotton than with silk. Yards. Value. Under the present duty of 45 per cent ad valorem the bulk of .~erl­ can J>l'Oduction, probably three-fourths of it, has met little 01· no foreign competition. The remaining fourth meets more or le direct or indirect 1914. ••• ··-· ••••••• ·-...... •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • 216, 511, 000 $137, 720, 000 competition from imports, chiefiy from heavyweight habutai, though to 1919...... 310,132,000 391, 736,000 some extent from European print cloths. Attached is a table showin.,. on various Japane e and Chinese fabrics, how under March, 1921, prices the duties of the pending bill would oper· Imports in the calendar year 191• were valued at $10.25"7,000, or 7.4 ate. For ome of them it is also indicated how these duties would pn cent of production; in the calendar year 1919, at $28,417,000, or operate under 1913 prices should they i:eturn. 7.2 per cent of production. In pound , imports in these years 2,185,000 From the table it becomes apparent that with a minimum ad valorem and 3,124,000, respectively. the specific duties originally proposed would not only not apply nuder Imports of broad silk from all sources rose from an annual average present prices, except on pongee, but would not apply under 1.913 prices. ot 2,046,000 pounds in the five fiscal years, 1909 to 1913, inclusive, to Indeed, with a minimum ad valorem of 45 per cent, 27 pPr cent of the an average of 2,409,000 pounds in. the five fiscal years, 1914 to 1918, total import in the fiscal year 1913 was dutiable undei· the minimum, inclusive, and to an average of 2,931,000 pounds in the three fiscal while the average ad valorem equivalent was 54.37. years, 1919 to 1921, inclusive. Imports in the last four calendar years have been as follows : Mr. SIMMONS. In connection with my remru:ks upon the schedule relating to thrown silk, I ask permi sion to incorporate Pounds. Value. as a part of my remarks a statement with reference to the matter I was then discussing, prepared and sent to me by the Fair Tariff League, a great protection organization of the 1918 ••••.• •••••·•••·••••·••••·••••••••·•••••·•••••••·· 1,676,168 $10,645,113 United States, with a membership, as I understand, of 1,500,000. 1919. ·••••••··•··•••·•·•·••••••••••••••••••···•••·••··• 3,123, 9 28,4.16, 7 2 It is very illuminating, and I ask that I may be permitted to 1920 •• ··································~·············· 2,565,5.35 2.5,470,263 1921 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••- ••••••• t,109,185 23,995,339 incorporate it as a part of the remarks I made upon that schedule. The import in 1921 was the largest since 1903 and considerably more There being no objection, the statement refer:i;ed to was or­ than do.u&le the average annual import for the five yeai·s, 1911 to 1915, dered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: inclusive. In this year the import was evidently a materially larger proportion of domestic production than in 1919. The silk tariff has virtually been written for a generation unner Import.s are mainly noncompetitive silks, pongees, and habutais, and pressure of the Cheney family wh<> operate what is said to be the those are not luxuries, but for the use of the poorer clas es. bigge t silk mills on earth at South Manchester, near Hartford, Conn. Since 1914 the character and source of imports bas greatly changed. Just so Lippett, of Rhode Island, has dominated the cotton schedule, In the fiscal year 1914, 52 per cent of the total imports came from: and other manufacturers their several schedules. France, 12.2 per cent from Switzerland, and only 24.8 per cent from ...... Japau. In. the calendar year 1921, 74 per cent in value and 69 per Now, under the pressure and leadership of a Cheney, and wUh the cent in quantity came from Japa-n, only 9! per cent iu >alue and 7 per vigorous opposition of some silk manufacturers in Connecticut and cent in qunntitr coming from France. From Japan and China to­ elsewhere, the P11;yne paragraph ls restored in the pending bill, but gether, the percentages for 1921 were 80 per cent in value and 85~ with 20 per cent mcrease in rates. • • • per cent in quantity. From these two source came reln.tlvely cheap • • • • • • goods, used largely by the po·orer clMses of silk users. Those coming The present rate averages 42,6 per- cent on wovPn fabrics, . Pm­ from France, on the contrary, a.re as a usual thing high-grade luxury broideries, and other manufactures. The rate in the Senate bill ls G2 cloths sold in small quantities to wealthy buyers. At the present time, per cent. therefore. 75 or 80 per cent of the imports consist of low-grade goods Under the present rate, the silk mills are permitted to add to their for mnss consumption. They are no more luxuries than the bulk ot prices, if they can, $214,000,000 above the prices of their foreign com­ cotton and wool fabrics which are· imported, Right here Iles one ot petitors-. the explanations of the increased import in pounds in the calendar COST OF PROPOSED RATES. year 1921. Because of reduced incomes, many consumers who in pre­ Under the prop{)sed bill they are invited to add $274,000,000, mostly vious years bad used domestic-made silks were forced to substitute to be picked from the pockets of the women of the United States. The therefor the somewhat inferior and much lbwer priced Japanese good.S. unfortunate women would have to give up under the pending bill an :!'bis substitution occurred in the women's lining, underclothes, and $120,000,000 in additional above present costs, one half of this going to hil·t-waist trades and the men's shirtings trade. Another important the manufacturers and the other half .~oing to jobber • wbole alers, and cause of the increased import of 1921 was buying in anticipation of retailer • who are everywhere protesting against it. inct•Pased d11tie . This statement of the unrighteousness of the propo ed silk rates Is Prior to 1914 the value of babutai import constituted more than 95 per cent of the total import of broad silks from Japan. Since then based upon the following facts : the proportion of habutai has steadily· decreased until in the calendar THJD " DIFll'ERENClil IN COST -HERJ!l AND A.BROAD." yt>ar 1921, judging by Japanese export figures, it constituted only about Prominent and successful silk manufacturers, upon thorough invPSti­ 4:7 J>er cent of the total pongee-a clofh. not exported from. Japan before gation, declare- that " the dilference in. the cost of production " (the rnlo Hll8-now constituting about 45 pe1· cent of the total. of protection) between this country and S-witzerlnnd, our hardest com- 1922 .. CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-SENATE. 10855'

petitor is 15 per cent. This, therefore; 15 per cent, would be a definite NOT Ai LUXURY. and extremely close protective rate, one which, however, no protection­ Silk is not a luxury. If it were, the American people are for what­ ist would approve, because the rates should be so liberally figured as to ever luxuries and convenience they can enjoy properly and modestly~ cover all contingencies- and give domestic confidence and satisfaction. and against congressional interference. A silk manufacturer and expert, representin~ many domestic silk­ manufacturers, says it is well known that the industry in this country PUBLIC MISCONCEJVES COST. is far ahead in quantity pr-0duction and labor-saving devices. Also that The public !J.as misconceived the cost of manufacturing silk. AI· A'lllerican labor per unit produced is undoubtedly the cheapest in the though silk !'lhrnes and delights, the wage" cost of: manufacture, being world. One manufacturer says he could sell in any country in the world the substantial factor, as shown by the census of 1919, is substantially at a profit if he cared to go after its trade. In China and Japan a the same; 15.7 per cen4 as. in woolens, 15.6 per cent, and less than in weaver operates one loom, usually a primitive hand loom. Here she , J.6.3 per cent. operates from two to five high-speed machine- looms. The present duty should b'e reduced materially. Let the silk. manu­ Says he, the ratio of raw material to finished marketable product in faeturers, with their cost books, sho'I\" how much. Plenty of them say domestic silk ranges between 50 and 70 per cent. this. Then let them reasonably earn their own living. - " Based on a ca1·eful survey and investigation of the costs of produc­ The present protection, 42.6 per cent, gives the silk manufacturers tion here and in Switzerland, for instance, we [these manufacturers} congressional permission to add $214,000,000 to their prices above those came to the conclusion that a rate of duty of approximately 25 per cent of foreign competitors. ' to 30 per cent ad valorem would amply protect domestic manufacturers COST OF PROTECTION. against any possible competition of Switzerland." Switzerland has the The proposed duty, averaging 62 per cent, lifts this $214,000,000 to lowest production costs of any country making competitive· silks. $274,000,000, which would be doubled at retail, making $548 000 000 Thirq per cent would be twice this difference in cost of production to consumers half of it lost in gratuities to manufacturers and per­ and decidedly libet·al. The present rate is 42 per cent and the proposed centage to relailers, who· strenuously protest against the entire scheme. rate. 62 per cent. MONOYOLY OF MARKET ON COMPARABLE GOODS. Mr. S-DIMONS. Mr. President, I was very much interested Under the present rate our silk manufacturers ha-ve a virtual mo· ln the thrown-silk paragraph, and I was also deeply interested nopoly of the domestic market. Search through a great department in the sewing-silk and embroidery-silk paragraph which im­ store shows that not a single yard of foreign-made silk is commonly sold in this country, except novelties- in desilPl or quality and an extra­ mediately followed, but unfortunately about the time the Sen­ cheap- silk from Japan, known as habuta1, used mostly for linings ator from Connecticut took the floor after I had closed my and made of second-quality silk too weak for our loomB, as we ch~ose to remarks on the thrown-silk paragraph I was called out of the run them. Shall our women of small means be estop_ped from the use of this silk? It is not a question of protection, because we do _. Chamber by-an urgent telephone call ftom the governor of my not make it. State, and before I' could return to the Senate Chamber the­ From China come the Shantung light-brown silks, worn in summer sewing-sllk paragraph had been passed. I do not want to dis­ bY. people of moderate means. The Senate would raise the duties on these m some cases to 200 per cent, thereby doubling the cost and cuS& that further, but I do wish to put in the RECORD some very forcing- many would-be users to do without or to buy instead such informative data which has been furnished me and which I silks as domestic manufacturers· ofl'.er; intended to use with elaborate commentatiorr, but which I shall In 1919 we. imported less than 1 per cent of the silk ribbons con­ sumed, • 3 per cent of our and , and 7.2 per cent of now use without any elaborate discussion. OUT' broad silM, including- the habutais and Shantungs, and 5.9 per Our imports of sewing silk and embroidery silk in the calen­ cent of our total production of silks of all kinds, including knit dar year 1920 were only 1,203 pounds, valued at $7,969. The goods. A consolidation has just been effected of domestic silk-ribbon manu­ exports were not recorded separately before 1922, but in the facturers making more than 2,000,000 · yards annually and including first five months of January to May, 1922, our exports were tlm greatest producer in the world. It will Imports from France bawe been steadily declining. They are now 78,478 pounds, valued at $322;089. be seen that on the mostly very sheer fabrics, which are not profitable for our looms, basis of comparing imports for 1Z months with exports for 5 novelties- and' art fabrics, which are needed for the stimulation of· our months I am conservative in' estimating the exports this year industry as well as for the satisfaction o't those who can aiford them. at one hundred' times the quantity of imports. Importations from R~ itzerland have almost ceased. Silks formerly imported, such as taifetwi, , umbrella silks, and tie silks have The act of 1913 imposed a duty of 15 per cent ad valorem on. fol"' a long time been successfully produced here. sewing and embroidery silks. The Senate committee made the WAGE'S-. rate 35 per cent on sewing silks-in the gum and 40 per cent on We get some ide:r of the patriotism and altruism of these manu­ sewing silk ungummed. Now, with an. enormous production, facturers from the further fact1 thatLwhen, under the Payne law, they ha(l the hi. ghest protection then conceivable. 50.5 per cent, the industry with exports one hundred times our imports, with- only 1 000 paid in Rhode Island-and presumably elsewhere--

• 10856 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. AUGUST 1, tify, and when they propose these increased rates to the Sen­ can not manipulate the same machines that we have, make that ate I can not account for it, and I do not account for it. In product, send it over here and pay a 55 per cent duty instead an overabundance of justice to them, in charity to them, I do of a 45 per cent duty, is entirely a mistake. The whole claim not account for it except upon the theory that they were forced is ridiculous, Mr. President. by conditions which they could not control to surrender to the Mr. WALSH of Montana. Mr. President-- great and powerful interests which demanded these unneces­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Con­ sary, these unjust, these oppressive increases in rates. necticut yield to the Senator from Montana? 1\Ir. McLEAN. Mr. President, I have just been handed the Mr. McLEAN. I do. pink statement which was presented by the Senator from North Mr. WALSH of Montana. I should like to ask the Senator Carolina alleged to have been written by Mr. Miles, represent­ why the Japanese have not done so? ing the Fair Tariff League. Anyone who is familiar with Mr. Mr. McLEAN. They have done it. l\liles and his views would know that this statement should Mr. WALSH of Montana. The figures show that they have ha>e been denominated a statement of the free-trade league. not done it. . It is so full of misstatements that it is hardly worth consider­ Mr. McLEAN. Well, I will read some figures to the Senator ing. In the first place, l\Ir. Miles intimates that Mr. Cheney from Montana. He has not been here. That is the trouble practically controls the silk production of the country. As I with this whole debate. First one Senator on the other side have already stated, he controls less than 5 per cent of the silk of the Chamber, who does not know anything about the bill, production and less than 2 per cent of the broad-silk production. delivers himself of a denunciation of it. It is explained to him. The whole statement is based upon the production of broad Then another Senator, who evidently does not know anything silk-the expensive silk-and has nothing to do with the light­ about the bill, comes in and denounces it. The importations in weight goods and the cheaper goods which are coming in from pounds are as follows : Japan, and, as I shall show before I close, in rapidly increasing Mr. WALSH of Montana. Before the Senator from Con­ poundage and yardage. necticut proceeds I desire to say that I do not know anything Mr. Miles in this pink statement alleges that Switzerland about the matter except what the Tariff Commission has has the lowest production cost of any country making competi­ told us. tive silk. If Mr. Miles knew anything about the production of Mr. McLEAN. I run quoting from the tariff reports. silk in the world, he would know that the Swiss production is In 1918 the imports were 1,676,168 pounds ; in 1919 they were the most expensirn next to that of the United States. We have 3,123,889 pounds ; in 1920 they were 2,560,535 pounds ; e.nd in no fear of the Swiss competition. l\ir. Miles alleges that there 1921 they were 4,109,185 pounds. If these figures are wrong, has been a consolidation of domestic silk-ribbon manufacturers. the expert who sits at my right must take the responsibilij;y. I It is too bad he does not give some evidence of that, because assume that he is not only responsible for these figures but for there are something like 1,500 establishments in this country, the tariff survey; and I think he ls a very accurate gentleman. and a good many of them make ribbons. It is a small item, Now, let me call the attention of the Senator from Montana and if they were to combine on anything that would be the last to some other figures. Under the law of 1909 the five-year thing that they would undertake to monopolize. In his estimate average of importations was 9,500,000 square yards per year of importations Mr. Miles says: of habutai and pongee. Similar goods were manufactured Under the present rate the silk manufacturers have a virtual monop­ upon a large scale in the United States, in an amount a little oly of the domestic market. Search through a great department store greater than the importations. Under the first five years of shows that not a single yard of foreign-made silk is com_monly sold in the Underwood law the importations rose to 21,500,000 square this country- yards, according to the figures furnished by the Tariff Commis­ 1\f r. President, I walked into ·an antique store in Washington sion to the Ways and Means Committee of the House. the other day. Being interested in a little bronze Japanese The importations of habutai silk from Japan to the United vase, ·I went in to inquire its price. The first thing that the States have been as follows: In 1910--I will not quote the odd proprietor asked me was, "~o you want to buy some silk numbers-they were 8,000,000 yards ; in 1911 they were 8,000,· goods? I have just got a new importation from China." He 000 yards; in 1912 they were 6,000,000. yards; in 1913 they laid down two pieces of.. goods on the counter. I was inter­ were 10,000,000 yards; in 1914 they were 13,000,000 yards; in ested and inquired the price. He said the price was 50 cents 1915 they were 18,000,000 yards ; in 1916 they were 21,000,000 a yard. The silk paid a 45 per cent ad valorem duty. :Mr. yards; in 1917 they were 24,000,000 yards; in 1918 they were President, the idea that the addition of 10 per cent to that ad · 20,000,000 yards; in 1919 they were 37,000,000 yards. Since valorem duty will raise the price of those goods to the Ameri­ that time the importations have continued to increase, in the can consumer is too ridiculous for discussion. All that Japan year 1920 being 38,000,000 yards. The total importations of all will do will be to lower her invoice price eno.ugh to cover the silk goods from China and Japan for the year 1919 were 45,- duty; that is all there will be to it. Mr. l\!iles goes on to 800,000 yards, while for 1921 they were 68,000,000 yards. For state as follows: the year 1921 the domestic production was 237 ,500.000 yards. We get some idea of the patriotism and altruism of these manu­ facturers from the further fact that when, under the Payne law, they This is a luxury. The goods are exceedingly cheap; and if had the highest protection then conceivable, 50.5 per cent- we will give the American producer anything like reasonable He is wrong about that. I think the Payne rates averaged protection he will probably devise labor-saving machinery. so over 60 per cent, and that, with the specific rate, the equiva­ that in a few years the very character of goods which are lent was as high as 63 per cent in many instances. It is, how­ now coming from Japan will be made as cheaply here as they ever, a waste of time to comment on this "pink statement," are there, and we will have the same result in regard to this because I find nothing in it to indicate that Mr. Miles knew article as we did with regard to the broad goods. As I have anything about the industry. He speaks he!'e about the num­ said, we are not afraid of European competition in the novel­ ber of children who are employed and states that the labor in ties and high-priced goods, but we must have this protection the product is 18.5 per cent of the factory selling price of the upon the light-weight goods from Japan. product. I admit that wages were low, averaging about $21 a Mr. President, it is a matter of displacement. The agri­ week. The railroad men, however, get about $30 a week, while culturists of the country wanted a little protection on their the coal miners get $35 a week. The wages in the silk industry wheat, and I thought they were entitled to it and voted for it. are low, and they have been twice cut since the war; but that In North Dakota and in other Northwestern States there is is because the industry is so depressed that the American produced a kind of wheat which is called No. 1 hard, a fine manufacturer must cut wages. quality of wheat. It may be that some day, not long in the I do not believe, however, there is a patriotic woman in this future, Russia will produce a wheat and call it No. 1 red, country who would not be willing to pay 3 cents more a yard which may be laid down in Amer-ica. and displace the American for a pongee dress rather than have 150,000 people who are en­ product for half what we can produce it for. I think the wheat gaged in the silk industry walk the streets without a job. Mr. growers of the country realize that such competition would be Miles further says : disastrous to them; and I want to say to the Senator that the Much is said about the low wages of Japanese silk workers. Jap­ silk producers of the country are realizing that the constantly anese processes are essentially different from ours. Not a yard of the increasing importations of habutai and pongee silks are seri­ silk we commonly use is made in Japan. ously affecting their business. I think that the men and Mr. President, as I have said, Japan bas within the last three women who are working in the silk mills on half time-three years imported over $12,000,000 worth of modern machinery, days in the week-are entitled to reasonable consideration. and the last .Japanese census shows that more goods were pro­ Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, the Senator from New duced from foreign-made power looms than on the native looms Jersey [Mr. FRELINOHUYSEN] tried to create the impression which they had previously used. Everybody knows that the that the list which I read to the Senate of manufacturers who Japanese are the most skillful and mo t adaptable people in had gone. on record in opposition to increasing the existing rates the world ; they are expert copyists. For us to assume that the in the silk schedule represented but a small and negligible Japanffle people, whose wages are now about one-eighth of ours, number of American silk manufacturers. • 1922. CONGRESSIO~AL RECORD-BENATE. 10857

The facts are, as I am reliably informed, that the list of man­ Mr. WATSON of Indiana (when his name was called). l\Iak­ ufacturers which I read represents in volume of output over 50 .ing the same announcement as before, I vote" nay." per cent of the American silk industry as a whole. It is true The roll call was concluded. that the protest to which their signatures were attached applied Mr. STERLING. Making the same announcement as on the to the rates on spun-silk articles. but it is also true that many last vote, ·I vote "nay." of them have protested against the increases in the rates on Mr. LODGE. I transfer my pair with the Senator from other types of silk goods. It is entirely within the limits of Alabama [Mr. UNDE:&wooD J to the Senator from California accuracy to say, therefore, Mr. President, that a representative [Mr. SHORTRIDGE] and will vote. I vote "nay." and substantial number of American silk manufacturers are Mr. TRAMMELL. In the absence of my pair, the Senator opposed to the increases proposed in the silk schedule. from Rhode Island [Mr. CoLT], I withhold my vote. If at The Senator from New Jersey referred to idleness and de­ liberty to vote I should vote " yea." pression in the silk industry, and the Senator from Connecticut Mr. HARRISON. I transfer my pair on this question to the has endeavored to reenforce the position which he took in that senior Senator from Montana [Mr. MYERs] and will vote. I regard. Mr. President, it is utterly absurd to talk of idleness vote " yea." ' and depression as a permanent thing in the silk industry when Mr. JONES of New Mexico. I transfer my general pair with the importations of raw silk are increasing every year and the Senator from Maine [Mr. FERNALD] to the Senator from every day. What are the manufacturers doing with the con­ Nevada [Mr. PI'IYI'MAN] and will vote. I vote" yea." stantly increasing quantities of raw material? They can not Mr. DIAL. I am paired with the Senator from Michigan [Mr. eat it; they must be making use of it. The facts are that in the TOWNSEND]. I transfer that pair to the Senator from Rhode silk industry looms are at times temporarily suspended, pend­ Island [Mr. GERRY] and will vote. I vote " yea." ing a change in fashion, and that work is halted until the fac­ Mr. CURTIS. I have been requested to announce the fol­ tories can get a better line upon future markets. It is also true lowing general pairs : that at the present time in New Jersey an exodus is about to The Senator from Vermont (1\lr. DILLINGHAM] with the Sen­ occur of a number of mills into Pennsylvania, where better ator from Virginia [Mr. GLAssJ ; labor conditions, are thought to prevail. These facts may ex­ The Senator from New Jersey [Mr. EooEJ with. the Senator plain the tempo11ary idleness of some New Jersey looms. from Oklahrona [Mr. OWEN] ; Mr. McLEA...l\l". Mr. President, will the Senator yield? The Senator from California [Mr. JOHNSON] with the Sen­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Senator from Texas­ ator from Georgia [l\fr. W ATsoN] ; and yield to the Senator from Connecticut? The Senator from Indiana [Mr. NEW] with the Senator from Mr. SHEPPARD. Certainly I yield. Tennessee [Mr. MoKELLAB-]. Mr. :tucLEAN. I :find it necessary to repeat what I said this­ The result was announced-yeas 22, nays 35, as follows: morning with regard to the use of the raw silk which is im­ YEAS-22. ported. Practically 50 per cent of it goes into cotton, woolen, .Ashurst Harrls­ Lenroot Stanley and knit goods and insulating material and not over 50 per Borah Ha:rrlson Overman Swanson cent of it probably goes into velvet and broad goods. The Caraway Heflin Pomerene · Walsh, Mass. Culberson Hitchcock Ransdell Walsh, Mont. competition in cotton goods is so keen that the manufacturers· Uial Jones, N. Mex. Sheppard of cotton cloth in this country are using silk, or part silk~ in Fletcher Kellogg Simmons. order to revive their trade. The same statement is true as to NAYS-35. worsteds. In probably half of the worsted goods that are used Brandegee France McKinley Phipps for men's wear the stripe,, if they contain a stripe, will be Broussard Frelinghuysen McLean Smoot Bursum Gooding McNary Spencer found to be of silk. It helps to sell the goods. It is not an in­ Calder Hale Moses Stanfield dication that the broad-silk industry ought to revive because Cameron Jones, Wash. Nelson Sterlillg the importations of raw silk have increased. Capper Kendriek Newberry Warren C'nrtis Ladd Nicholson Watson, fnd. l\lr. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, the broad-silk industry con­ du Pont Lodge Oddie "fllUs sumes the greater portion of the imported raw silk. I fnrther­ Ernst Mccumber Pepper say that the factories w.hich consume silk for any purpose NOT VOTING-39. ar.e as, much a part of the silk industry in America as those Ball Harrelli Norris Smith which make any particular kind of silk goods exclusively. So Colt Johnson Owen Sutherland Crow Keyes Page Townsend I do not think\ the distinction drawn by the Senator from Con­ Cummin,s King Pittman Trammell necticut is valid. Dillingham LaFollette Poindexter Underwood the Edge McCormick Rawson Wadsworth · The Senator from Connecticut also stated that Under­ Elkins McKellar Reed Wats011, Ga.­ wood tariff rates drove the silk industry out of business in Fernald Myers Robinson W"eller 1914; yet, lli. President, under the Underwood rate from 1914 Gerry New Shit>ld~ Williams until to-day the American silk industry has made the greatest Glass Norbeck Shortridge progress in its history. So Mr. SHEPPARD'S amendment to the amendment of the com­ l\Ir. McLEAN. Mr. President, again I must correct the Sen­ mittee was rejected. a.tor from Texas. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The q~stlon now is on the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does tlte Senator from· Texas committee amendment. yield to the Senator from Connecticut? The amendment was agreed to. · ~tr. SHEPPARD. I yield to the Senator, of course. The PRESIDING OFFICER The Secretary will state the Mr. 1\fcLEAN. I did not say that on account of the Under­ next amendment of the committee. wood law the manufacturers of broad silk, or what we under­ The READING CLERK. The committee proposes to strike out, stand as the expensive good.S, were compelled to discontinue on page 161, lines 23 and 24, all of page 162, and down to and production. I referred to the habutai and pongee silks. including line 13 on page 163, and to insert the following : Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr: .President, any statement that any PAR. 1206. Plushes, :Including such as are commerciltlly known as hatter's plush, velvets, chenilles, velvet or plush ribbons, and all other part of the American silk industry was driven out of· business fabrics, cut or uncut, composed wholly or in chief va:hle of silk, by the Underwood-S·immons rates on.. silk, when that industry 60 per cent ad valorem. as a whole and in all its branches has enjoyed a marvelous Mr. SHEPPARD. I move to strike out t• OO'r and in-sert in progress during the last seven or eight years, answers itself. lieu thereof " 50," so that the amendment will read " 50 per cent I ask for the yeas and nays on my amendment. ad valorem " instead of " 60 per cent ad valorem." The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is on the amend­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. The amendment to the amend­ ment offered by the Senator from Texas to the amendment re­ ment will be stated. ported by the committee to stnike out "55" and insert "45." The READING CLERK. On line 10 of the committee amend­ On that amendment to the amendment the Senator from Texas ment, it is pro.posed to strike out " 00" and insert "50." asks for the yeas and nay . The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question is upon the The yeas and na~r s were ordered, and the reading clerk pro~ amendment proposed by the Senator from Texas to the amend­ ceeded to call the roll. ment of the committee. Mr. HALE (when his- name was called). Making the same Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, again the Senate Finance announcement as before, I vote "na:y." Committee has surrendered an elaborate and complicated classi­ Mr. M:cCUMBER (when his-name was called). Transferring fication and returned to the plain and simple language pur­ my general pair as on the previous vote, I vote "naY'." sued by the DemocraUc tariff law. The principal change the l\fr. WATSON of Georgia (when his name was called). I committee has made has been to increase the rate fl·om 50 per have a. general pair with the Senator from California [Mr. cent to 60 per cent. JOHNSON], who, if he were present, would vote "nay." If I Here is an industry which has never had a less rate than 50 were free to vote I would vote " yea." per cent, eYidently a high-protective tariff, and under this 10858 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. AUGUST 1,, high ·rate of 50 per cent the industry has· grown from an output Mr. CURTIS. I ·desire to announce the fol1owing pairs: valued at over $8,000,000 in 1914 to over $20,000,000 in 191~ The Senator from West Virginia [1\if. SUTHERLAND] with the a wonderful growth. Senator from Arkansas [l\fr. ROBINSON]; I refer in these figures to the silk-velvet branch of the plush The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. COLT] with the Senator industry. Silk plushes ham hel

The imports of these article~ reached the Wghest point as Mr. SHEPPARD. The importations reacbed the highest point long ago as 1897 and have continuously . decreased until last as far back as 1897 and they have never been as large since, year they amounted to less than 1 per cent of the domestic out­ although the industry itself has been g1·owing prodigiously. put. Yet the Finance Committee and the Republican Party · Mr: Sll\1MONS. The importations under the Payne-Aldrich propose to increase this rate by 33} per cent~thls rate,- which law in 1910, 1911, 1912, 1913, and 1914 were greater than they is highly protective and which ought not to be increased in any were in 1920, and in 1910 they were greater than they were in degree. In fact, if justice were done, the rate ought to be 1921. The 1914 importations were. large it is true, but they fell decreased. . . off in 1915 and have continued to fall off ever since, showing I do not know anything further that can be said to show the that there is no progressive_ increase in importations, although real situation, and I ask for the yeas and nays on my amend­ the production has increased in the last 11 years from $32,000,000 ment. to $66,000,000. The importations have actually fallen off. The Mr. McLEAN. Mr. President, these imports are novelties, importations are so small that they could not possibly be ma­ and tbey come from Europe. The impo1;tation~ recortled in the terial in connection with the labor problem presented by the Reynolds report warrttnt protective r_ates ranging from 65 per tariff or any problem so far as I know presented by the tariff. cent ad valorem to 85 per cent ad valorem. There would seem It is impossible for me to conceive why, under these circum­ to be no reason why the rate on these articles should be any stances, any increase in the rate is asked. Certainly it can not less than that on the broad goods from which they are made. . be asked for any public purpose. I can not state definitely why l\Ir. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, the only article that comes it is asked, but ·I know it is for a private and a selfish purpoBe in substantial competition with any article mentioned in this and not a purpose which concerns the general public welfare paragraph is the hatband, which is imported from Germany. of the people of the counh·y or the prosperity of the industry. Out ide of ha tbands there is practically _no serious competition . It has to do with the prices and profits of the industry and the in these articles imported from abroad. AB the Senator has ability of those who operate it to increase arbitrarily those suggested, most of ·these articles are specialtie and novelties. profits in response to the demands of personal selfishness and It is a fact that hatbands from Germany do compete seriously .avarice. To increase duties under circumstances like these is with the American article,_ and I refer to the fact that prac­ not only preppsterous and absurd, but the committee and the tically every hatband in the United States is made o;f silk or party responsible for the act in the commission of the act partially of silk to show how general the use of silk is coming stultify themselves both intellectually and morally and when to be in the United States. A rate of 45 per cent ought to be a the American people come to understand the sit~ation they sufficient protection on hatbands from Germany, because this will regard this act as an act of self-stultification unless it is branch of the silk industry has already achieved such rapid intended deliberately to legislate against the people in the in­ growth under that rate. terest of a comparatively few producers whose avarice seems If the industry could be said to be languishing in any way, to have no limitation whatever. perhaps there might be some excuse for an increase, but it is Mr. President, I ask permission to have printed in the REC-OB~ making substantial and lusty progress. In my judgment there a brief statement with reference to the pending item. - can be no basis for such an increase of duty as is here pro­ There being no objection, the matter was ordered to be posed, an increase of about 33! per cent. printed in the RECORD, as follows : Mr. President, on iny amendment I ask for the yeas and nays. PARAGRAPH 1207. l\1r. JONES of New Mexico. Mr. President, I would like to ~ te : Act of 1~13, 45 per cent; Senate amendment, 55 per cent. ask the Senator from Texas where Germany gets the raw silk Ribbons: American mills manufacture ribbons of standard quality and width. These constitute the bulk of the trade. Few novelty goods are out of which she manufactures these materials. made in this country. - Production is very variable from year to year l\fr. SHEPPARD. Prihcipally from Japan. because demand depends upon style. Mr. JONES of New Mexico. It was my understanding of 1909 ______Value of sHk ribbons p1·od11ced in the United States. $32,744,873 the matter that Germany got her raw silk in the world market 1914 ______38,201,293 and would pay for it just as much as we in the United States pay for it. The difference in exchange in this case, instead of 1919------~------~- 66,186,609 Imports h~ve never approached the production of any census year. ope1·ating to the advantage of any German manufacturer, is an The largest unports were in 1914. They amounted to 5.62 per cent ot extreme handicap upon such industries in Germany. the production for that year. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from_ Texas Imports of silk ribb011s foi- consumption. asks for the yeas and nays on his amendment to the committee Fl~cal1913 yeal's ______: _ Value. 1914 ______$596,896 amendment. 2,146,988 The yeas and nays were ordered. 74,778 1921~BIB::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ______526,255 Mr. Sll\Il\fONS. · Mr. President, I wish simply. to supplement 862,727 some of the very pertinent observations of the Senator from Calenda1· year : Texas. I want to read from the Tariff Commission's report on . . 1921______546,634 silk ribbons just a few lines : Nineteen hundred and fourteen was a year of unusual demand. It was also a year of bi~ business for the domestic industry. (Annual Soine American ribbons are exported each ye.ar, but normally these Report of Silk Association of America, 1914.) · do not represent a significant part of the world's trade. During the Exports were not recorded prior . to .January, 1922. For the first last few years exports have been considerably larger than imports. quarter of this year they amounted to a value of $175,4&8, during The - American manufacturer holds the domestic market on all but which period imports were $103,514. fancv goods .and novelties. Imports supplement the domestic product Imports of all kinds of ribbons into Canada from the United States rather than compete with it. This will probably remain the case as were as follows : long as conditions of manufacture here and abroad hold their present Year ended March 31: Value. relation. 1918------$646,424 So that we have a statement from the Tariff Commission 1919------1,481,545 1920------~--- 1,595,053 that would seem to meet the situation and condemn the propo­ 1921------868,270 sition of the committee to increase the rate. French exports to all countries were valued at $9,000,000 in 1913 I also have a telegram which I wish to read, as follows : and at $36,000,000 in 1920. Small wares: There is little foreign competition in silk small NORTH BERGEN, N: . J ., August 1, 19~. wares in general, but prior to the war imports of hat Qands were suffi­ Hon. F . M . SIMMONS, ciently large to be considered competitive. Domestic production in 1914 Utii ted States Senate, Washington, D. a.: was $607,204, and imports amounted to $484,369. · We firmly believe that the present rate of 45 per cent ad valorem Imports are not always of as good quality as the domestic because has been and is sufficient protection to the American silk industry. the use of inferior materials, which necessitate slower production, is VERITAS SILK MILLS. not practicable in the United States. A mere examination of· the official statistics shows that the Imports/or consumption of silk small wares-fiscal years. present rate of duty upon the product is amply protective; in­ Calendar deed that it is almost, if not practically, prohibitive. The last 1914 1919 1920 1921 year 1921. year for which we have the official statistics showing the pro­ ------duction of silk ribbons in this country is 1919, but in that year Belts and belting...... S316 S42 $439 wn Bindings and bone casing ... _. 1, 656 2, 663 13, 934 5,643 the production-was $66,000,000 in round figures, while the im­ Cords, tassels, etc ...... _ 10, 898 24, 180 164, 928 154,985 portations for consumption . were only $74,778, or about one Garters, suspenders, etc .. _... . . }w . ~ 894 1,491 1,359 1,460 one-hundredth of 1 per cent of the domestic consumption. The Webs and webbing ...... 4,031 3,842 4,320 4.,831 Bandings, including hat...... • _ 484, 369 136,641 142,201 249,205 131, 212 importations are somewhat larger now than they were in 1919, but now they are less than they were in 1910. In 1910 under Total ...... •.. 526,909 54, 436 174~ 419 434, 185 298 , ~32 the Payne-Aldrich law there was a production of $32,000,000 and Hatbands are ma.inly from Germany and France. Cords and tassels are princi­ importations of $934,000, while .in 1921 the importations were pally from the Orient. $862,000, or less than they were m 1910. Exports for the first quarter were $43,317, unports for the same penod were $35,83S. LXII-685 10860 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. AUGUST l~

Mr. McLEAN. Mr. President, I could not hear the Senator N.!YS-36. ~~ from North Camlina ns he read the statement of imports, but Bau Ernst Lenroot • Newberry an examination of them will show that they are very sig­ Brandegee France Lodge Oddfo nificant. Broussard Frelinghuysen Mccumber Pepper­ Bursum GoO' the same announcement as to the The P~ESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on the transfer of my pair as before, I vote "nay." amendment proposed by the Senator from Texas to the com­ Mr. CARA W .A:Y. I wish to announce that my colleague the mittee amendment. senior Senator from Arkansas [Mr. ROBINSON] is absent on The amendment to the amendment was rejected. official business. He is paired with the enior Senator from The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agreeing West Virginia [Mr. SUTHERLAND). If my colleague were pres­ to the committee amendment. ent and permitted to vote, he would vote "yea." The amendment was agreed to. Mr. JONES of Washington (after having voted in the nega­ The next amendment of the Committee f>Il Finance was, in tive). Has the Senator from Virginia [Mr. SWANSON] voted? the same parag1:aph, on page 164, line 3, before the words " per The PRESIDENT pro tempore. He has not voted. cent," to strike out the numerals "40" and t() insert in lieu Mr. JONES of Washington. _ The Senator from Virginia is thereof the numerals " 60," so as to read : necessarily absent. I am paired with him for the afternoon. valorem ; outerwear and other goods, knit or crocheted, finished or unfinished, composed wholly or ill chief value ot sillc.,. 60 per cent ad I find, however, that I can transfer that pair to the Senator valorem. · from Colorado [Mr. PHIPPS], and I do so, and allow my vote to stand. Mr. SHEPP ARD. I move to amend the committee amend­ ment by substituting the rate of 50 per cent ad valorem for the Mr. ERNST (after having voted in the negative). I transfer rate of 60 per cenn ad valorem. my general pair with the senior Senator from Kentucky [Mr. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is on agreeing STANLEY] to the junio1· Senator from Iowa [Mr. RAWSON] and to the amendment of the Senator from Tex:as to the amendment allow my vote to stand. of the committee. l\fr. CURTIS. I wish to announce the following pairs: Mr. SHEPP.ARD. Mr. P.resident, since 1913 the silk knit The Senator from Vermont [l\lr. DILLINGHAM] with the Sen­ goods industry has enjoyed a protection under the existing law ator from Virginia [Mr. GL.Ass]; of 50 per cent. Under that law, with a 50 per cent protection, The Senator from West Virginia [Mr. ELKrns] with the Sen- that industry has multiplied itself nearly six times. In view ator from Mississippi [Mr. HA.JUUSON]; · of that fact, what excuse can be offered for an increase in the The Senator from New Jersey [Mr. EDGE] with the Senator rate of froill 10 to 20 per cent? from Oklahoma [l\Ir. OwE~] ; These silk goods compri e many articles in general use, such The Senator from We t Virginia [Mr. SUTHERLAND] with the as hosiery, outer wear, sweaters, scarfs, gloves, underwear, Senator from Arkansas [Mr. ROBINSON] ; and neckties, knit fabrics, threads, yarns, and so forth. Ne.ckties The Senator from California [Mr . .JOHNSON] with the Sena- may not be said to be a necessity, but undoubtedly they are an tor from Georgia [Mr. W ATSoN]. . article of common and general use. The imports of these The result was announced-ye-as 16, nays 36, as follows: goods are so slight as not to be worth mentioning. In 1914 the YEAS-16. imports were less than one-half of 1 per cent of the domest;ic Ashurst Fletcher Overman Simmons output; in 1916 they were one one-hundredth of 1 per cent of Caraway Harris Pomerene Trammell Cummins Hetlin Ransdell Walsh, Mass. the domestic output; the industry has a position of absolute se­ Dly.J Jones, N. Mex . Sheppard Walsh, Mont. curity against foreign competition, and yet we are asked here 1922. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 10861 to \Ote for an increase of from 10 to 20 per cent in the tariff SILK HOSIERY. duties on these· articles of common and general use. Rate: Act of 1913, 50 per cent; Senate amendment, 60 per cent. Mr. WALSH of Massachusetts. From what countries do the Pro,,ucU01t of silk hosie'l''V· imports come? Mr. SHEPPARD. The imports come principally from - (dozenQuantity pairs). I ~alue. Europe, but they are confined to high-grade specialties and noYelties that are not made· rn this country. I ask for the yeas and nays on my amendment to the committee amend­ 1904 .•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 42, 06.5 1909 ...... 434,414 ment. 1914 ...... s, 710,209 l\1r. McLEAN. Mr. President, . the Reynolds report justifies 1919 ...... 17,~,013 an ad valorem rate of 55 per. cent to 103 per cent. Of course the labor cost is more in many instances in the case of these Imports not recorded separately (see below). Some French goods goods than in the manufacture of woolen goods. The impor­ usually in gauges finer than a.ny made in this country are imported. Exports, not recorded prior to January, 1922, amounted to ~1,049,642 tations come from Germany, and they were considerable before for the first five months of 1922. if the war. The potential competition is very alarming, and Production of silk gloves. Germany sees fit . to re ume the exports which she sent to this Rate: Act of 1913, 50 per cent; Senate amendment, 60 per cent. country before the war the competition will be serious; but Silk gloves are made from fine-warp knit fabric. more important than that, Mr. President, if people want to buy imported silk underwear and silk stockings, it seems to me Quantity V I there is no rea ·on why they should p.ot pay a duty of 60 r>er (dozen pairs). a ue. cent. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question ls 'on the 1914...... • ...... • • . . • . .. • ...... St, 683, 479 amendment offered by the Senator from Texas to the amend­ 1919...... 2, 307,805 13,916,321 ment reported by the committee on which the yeas and nays are demanded. Is the demand seconded? American silk gloves are considered superior to the foreign, hence The yeas and nays were ordered. none are impot·ted. l\Ir. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, I wish to add to what I SILK K iJT OUTERWEAR. haYe already said that this industry has not only enjoyed the Rate: Act of 1913, 50 per cent; Senate amendment, 60 per cent. This is an industry of comparatively recent growth. Production in wonderful gr·owth which I have described but is now building 1914 amounted to $303,510 and in 1919 to over $40,000,000. Imports a s11bstantial export trade. I do not see how Senators can have been negligible. Specialties in sweatet•s and elaborately designed Yote for increased duties in the face of the facts. scarfs have come from Switzerland. The industry is new in other l\Ir. SIMMONS. l\Ir. President, I merely desire to insert countries as well as in the United States. in the RECORD certain data with reference to this paragraph, Total impo1·ts of silk knit goods. Fiscal years : _ which have been furnished me by the expert and which throw 1913------~------$250,79~ a great deal of light on the subject and confirm the statements 1914------~------~ ------~------181,135 made by the Senator from Texas [Mr. SHEPPABD]. 1919------29,080 1920------108,500 While we imported practically no silk gloves at all in 1919, 1921------164,017 we produced $13,915,000 worth. With reference to silk hosiery, 1922 (January-:March)------93,081 during the first five months of the year 1922 we exported The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question is upon the $1,049,642 worth of silk hosiery, and there were practically no amendment proposed by the Senator from Texas [Mr. SHEP imports whatever. P.ARD] to the amendment reported by the committee, on whicl Mr. President, I do not see the good of extended discussion the yeas and nays have been ordered. The Secretary will cal of tll.e paragraph. It is evident that through some influence the roll. or ome adjustment that element of the Republican Party The reading clerk proceeded to call the roll. which has been protesting against the excessive rates in the Mr. DIAL (when his name was called). Making the same an bill have been quieted, and that any effort on our part, by nouncement as to my pair and transfer as on former ballots, I discussion or by exposure or by demonstrating the absurdity vote "yea." and the preposterous character of the proposition, directed Mr. HALE (when his name was called). Making the same toward reducing the unnecessary increases in the present rates, announcements as before with reference to my pair and its which have given the producers in this country absolute con­ transfer, I vote "nay." trol of this article, exempting them almost entirely from for­ Mr. JONES of New Mexico (when his name was called) eign competition, would fail to secure any cooperation from the Making the same announcement as on previous votes with refer other side. ence to my pair and its tra~sfer, I vote "yea." Mr. President, I do not wish to take the time of the Senate Mr. JONES of Washington (when his name was called) to discuss this paragraph, but I ask permission to incorporate Making the same announcement as before with reference to my in the RECORD as a part of my remarks the statement to which pair and its transfer, I vote "nay." I have referred. Mr. LODGE (when his name was called). Making the same The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so announcement as to my pair and its transfer as before, I vote ordered. "nay." The statement referred to is as follows: Mr. McCUMBER (when his name was called). Transferring my general pair as on the previous vote, I vote "nay." PARAGRAPH 1208. Mr. STERLING (when his name was called). 1\Ia.klng the SILK-KNIT FABRIC, IN THE PIJilCJll. same announcement as on the last vote, I vote " nay." Rate: Act of 1913, 45 per cent (par. 318) ; Senate amendment, 55 Mr. TRAMMELL (when his name was called). Making the pei~n1i~~Ilit fabric may be made on warp or on wett machines. same announcement as on the previous ballot with regard to the Gcneraly speaking, the greater speed of production makes the conver­ transfer of my pair, I vote" yea." sion costs on knit fabrics less than on woven fabrics. Fine warp knit­ l\Ir. WATSON of Indiana (when his name was called). Mak· silk fabric, known as Milanese, tricot, " glove" silk, or Italian silk, 1s u ed for underwear, gloves, and hosiery. ing the same announcement as on the last roll call, I vote " nay." Production for sale by millR amounted to $2,739,000 in 1914 and The roll call was concluded. $6.437 ,000 in 1919.· A considerable quantity is cut. up by the mills. l\Ir. SIMMONS. I have a general pair with the junior Sena­ 'l'be quantity and variety handled by retail slores ts rncreasing. No import statistics. N

Mccumber McKinley Moses Oddie Warren committee, on which the yeas and nays have been demanded McLean ~~~n ~=eld ;Mf:n, Ind. and ordered. The ·Secretary will call the rolJ. ~cNary Newberry StE".rling The Assistant Secretary proceeded 'to call the roll. NOT VOTING-43. Mr. DIAL (when his name was called). Making the same Bor.ah .fohnson- Owen Smith annomrcement as on the forme-r ballot as to my pair and trans- Colt Kellogg Page Spencer fer, I vote "yea." Crow King J>epper Sutherland M 'l:T ... ~T rn ( h ""~ • ll d) ..... ki Crrlberson La Follette Phipps Swanson r. .l:UU..J.l!J W en .i..u.S name Was ca e · iua ng the rune 4 Dillingham L enroot Pittman Townsend announcement as before, I vote • nay." E dge McCormiC'k Poin:de:rter "lJnderwtiod Mr. JONES of Washington (when his name was called). ~!;~jd ~~~~laT ~~on i;:f:!~i!. Making the same announcement as befo1·e wlth reference to my Gerry Nichol on Robinson Weller pair and its transfer, I -vote "nay." Glagg No1·beck Shields Williams Mr. OODGID (when his name was called). Making the same Harrison Norris -Shortridge announcement as before as to my pair and its transfer, I vote ·so Mr. SHEPPAIID's amendment to the amendment of the "nay." committee was rejected. Mr. McCmrnER (when his name was called). Transferring The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The question now is on the my .pair as on the })revious vote, I 'Vote "nay." amendment ·of the committee. Mr. SIMMONS (when his name was called). Maldng the The amendment was agreed to. sam~ announcement of ·my J>air and its tl·ansfer as on the previ- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will state the ous vote, I vote" yea." nen :amendment of the committee. Mr. STERLING (when his name ·was called). :Making the The AssrsTANT SECRETAlff. The next amendment is in para- same announcement as before, I vote "nay." grapb. 1209, page 164, line 6, where the committee proposes to Mr. TRAMMELL (when his name was called). 1\1ah.'ing :the . trike out " 83! " and in lieu tbereof to imert " 55," 'SO as to same announcement with regard to the transfer Of my pair as read: on the previous ballot, J: vote " yea." Handkerchiefs .and woven mufflers, composed wholly or in chief value Mr. WATSON of Indiana (when his name was called). J\Iak- of silk, finished or unfinished, not hemmed, 55 per cent ad valorem- ing the same announcement as befo.re, I vote "nay." And so forth. The ·roll call was 1eoncluded. l\lr. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, I move to strike out "55 Mr. HARRISON. I transfer my pair with the Senator from per cent ad valorem" and to insert 1n lieu thereof "4-0 per cent West Virginia [Mr. ELKINS] to the Senator from Missouri (Mr. ad valorem." REED] and vote "yea." The PRESIDENT pro tempor-e. The question is on the The result was announced-yeas 18, nays 36, as follows: amendment offered by the Senator 'from Tems to the amend- YEAS-18. ment of the committee. Ashurst Harrison Pomerene Trammell M:r. SHEPPARD. Ur. President, no question of protection Caraway He:tlin Ransdell Walsh, Mass. is involved in this paragraph. The handkerchiefs referred to I · ~!icher ~~;;.~~~k ~= a;~ Walsh, Mont• .are women's handkerchiefs of the cheaper grades, a ~ grade of j Barris Pittman ..Stanle-y0 -light-weight silk, and e.re imported entirely from Japan, whence NAYS-36. 90 pe'f cent of the wpply of the United States is derived, and .Ball du Pont Lodge Nicholson in fact wbere 90 per cent of the world's supply. originates. It Brandegee Ernst Mccumber Oddie is merely a question of revenue. There is no separate silk- ~~~.~~~rd ~~~~I~g ~~~iy Pepper Smoot handkerchief industry in the U!!ited States. Such silk hand- Calder Bale McNary Stanfteld ·kerchiefs as are made here are made ln connection with other Cameron Jones, Wash. Moses Sterling silk tndustries. It is difficult to see, therefore, why there ~~:ins l:~~ck ~~~n Warren should be an increase in duty, especially an increase from 40 Curtis Ladd N'fice, will be within the reach of the people Sol-Ir. SHEPPABD's amendment to the committee amendment at luge. was rejected. I trust, therefore, that the present rate of 40 per cent will , The PRESIDENT pro 'tempore. The question is on 'agreeing be retaine'd. to the committee amendment. nlr. McLEAN. Mr. President, here we have an article <>f The amendment was agreed to. which 50 per cent ·of the consumption is impm'ted. .The Sena- The next amendment of the committee was, on page 1'64, line t01· 'from Texas· thinks the1·e should not be any protection on '. 7, to strike out "40" 'and insert '"'so;• so as to read: this article. He bas argued ·heretofore that we do not need any Hemmed or hemstitched, 60 i>er ceDt ad valorem. protection wher·e the Importations are small I confess that I Mr. SHEPP.A.RD. I move to 'insert "55" instead of " 60." . ee no reason ·why we should not e:xp~ct to make Silk handker- 1 The amendment to the amendment was rejected. chiefs in -this conntcy as well as all other kinds of silk prod- . The amendment was agreed to. nets. The fact is that we can not do it because of these cheap The next amendment was, on page 164, after line 7, to strike importations from Japan. If ·anybody is -foolish enough to use . out: a silk handkerchief, it seems to me we ought to apply the same PAR. 1210. 'Shirt collar, composed 1n whole or in I>art ot silk, .rate of xlttty that We apply on ho e and knit wear. whether natural or artificial, 50 ~ents per •dozen :and 20 per cent ad l\lr. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, this type of silk .handker- valorem. chief is not made ·in the United States, because the Arue.rican , The amendment w.as agreed t-0. manufacturer has found that he t:nn employ his capital and his · '.:Che next amendment was, on page 164, aft-er line 10, to strike machinery to mucli 'better ~clvantage in making a higher grade out: of goods; so no protective ,purpose whateve1· can be Ubserved. PAR. 1211. Shirts, for men and bo.;vs, in whole m in part of silk, Tb '° t ~ C cti t tt1... t b d :-... whether natural nr artificial, 40 ]>er cent all valorem, but not les than e oena or uom onne cu says ua any o y wuo is 10 ;pex rcent in addition to 'the Cluty on "the component materials. foolish enough to buy a hanffkerchief of this kind ought to pay ' The amendment was agreed to. a rate of 60 per cent. 1 'take the position that here is an oppor-1 The next .amendment was, on page 164, line 15, after the tunity to place a cheap luxury, if you may o call it, within , w-0rd "clothing," to strike out "..ready made,"~ in line 18, be­ the reach of the mas 'es, and where the .purpose of revenoe-- " . ,, t t 'k t "-40 ,, and t · ert which is the only 1:JUrpose to be subser\'ed-:may be best accom- ~ore ,~e wo:ds per centum, o -s r.1 ~ .ou ,, ?. ms plished by not increasing the -rate. I 60 , and m Trne ~9, after the wo1d 1 valorem, to stiike out I ask for the yeas and nn.ys 'On my amendment. ! 1the colon, so as 't? -read: . The yeas and nays were ordered 1 PAR. 1212. Clot hmg and articles of "Wearing m>parel ot every tle- . . . I scription, nut knit or crocheted, ma•rrtrfa~tul"e(} 'Who11y 'Ol' in 'Part, com- The PRESIDENT pro 1Jempore. The question L'3 on the , ~d w'ho:Ry or 1'l"I chief -value of Silk, 'llnd n~t spectany P'l'Ovided t-

]Ir. SHEPPARD. I move to in~rt "50 ~? in lieu of '* 60." htm. It would be a real service if the Senator would give the This type of silk product embraces practically every kind of Senate some reasons for this increase. male and female ready-made wea-ring appareL It is beyond the Mr. McLEAN. Mr. President, I .shall be very glad to do so. reach of foreign competition of any character whatever. It has It must be apparent that these inlports ar-e made of goods which developed a considerable export trade. The exports of these bear a 60 per cent ad valorem rate. Take a jewelry box, for in­ products from the United States have grown from $2,556,166 stance, made of silk. The silk in that box b-ears a rate of 60 in 1918, the first year they were officially reported, to $10,016,045 per cent, and there is no reason why the box should not carry in 1920. the same rn te. The Tariff Commission states that the domestic industry sup­ The imports have been large. In 1918 they were $476,000, in plies nearly all the domestic consumption. The commission 1919 they were $602,000, in 1920 they were $1,183,000, and in says, further, in a special report on this industry that the effi­ 1921 they were $1,035,000. These goods are luxuries, and it ciency of American labor offsets the difference in wages paid at would be unreasonable to impose a rate upon the articles in this home and abroad, and that other conditions are at least equal; paragraph lower than 60 per cent. that women's wearing apparel is imported from France chiefly The Reynolds report on these articles warrwts a rate of 100 for ideas and not for sale and in deference to the world per cent ad valorern on the importations. ascendency of Paris in the matter of style. Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. President, "'the explanation of the Under the high Democratic rate of 50 per cent this industry Senator from Connecticut is an explanation which in my judg­ has been securely established, established beyond all reach of ment does not explain. He said something about articles al­ foreign competition, an industry Which produces articles of gen­ ready bearing a rate of 60 per <'ent ad valorem. The object eral and common use throughout the United States. Any in­ of this paragraph is to take care of those articles which have c:reuse in rate, therefore, is without justification. I shall not not been· given a rate at all. That is the reason the paragraph ask for a roll call but will be content with a viV'a voce vote. is calied a basket clause. · The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Onnm in the chair). The Mr. McLEAN. If a jewelry box is made out of velvet, that question is on agreeing to the amendment of the Senator from velvet, if it came in as cloth, would pay a rate of 60 per cent. Texas to the .committee amendment. Wily should they not pay the same rate if it is manufactured The amendment to the amendment was rejected. in a jewelry box? The amendment of the committee was agreed to. l\1r. SHEPPARD. This paragraph would not cover an article The next amendment was, on page 164, line 19, after the word which was already taxed; othe"l'Wise it would not be a basket " valorem," to strike out the following proviso : clause at all. Pro,,;ided That articles comp<> ed wholly or tn chief value of any -0f Mr. McLEAN. It woul.Cl cover the article made from the silks, the materiiils or goods dutiable under this paragraph shall pa-y ~ot ~ess of course. than the rate ot duty imposed upon such materials or goods by this title. Mr. SHEPPARD. Very well. I un-derstand that. But I The amendment was agreed to. have contended all through the schedule that we should sub­ The next amendment was, on page 164, line 25, before the stitute for the very high rates of the Senate Finance Committee words "per cent,'' to strike out the figure "35" and to insert the rates of the Democratic tariff law, and consequently I "60," so as to make the paragraph read: offered that rate here. The r~ply of the Senator is, therefore, no just criticism of my proposal to substitute 45 per cent for

Mr. DIAL (when his name was called). Making the same ad valorem :. yarns made from artificial silk waste, if singles 25 cents announcement as to my pair and transfer as on the former pei: pound ; if advanced beyond the condition of singles by g;ouping or twIStlng two or more yarns together, 30 cents per pound · yarns ballot, I vote " yea." thi:ead.s, and filall}ents of artificial or imitation silk, or of artificial or l\Ir. HALE (when his name was called). Making the same iIIlltatI~n ~orsehair, by whatever name known and by whatever process announcement as before, I vote " nay." made, if smgles, 45 cents per pound; if advanced beyond the condition of singles by grouping or twisting two or more yarns together 50 Mr. HARRISON (when his name was called). Making the · cent~ per pound; products of cellulose, not compounded, whether known same announcement as before, I vote " yea." as v1sc:a., cellophane, or by any other name, such as are ordinarily used Mr. JONES of Washington (when his name was called). in braiding or weaving and in imitation of silk, straw, or similar sub­ stances, 55 cents per pound; but none of the foregoing yarns threads Making the same announcement as before with reference to my or filaments, or products of cellulose shall pay a less rate of duty than pair and transfer, I vote "nay." · 35 .Per cent ad valorem. Knit goods, ribbons, and other fabrics and Mr. LODGE (when bis name was called). Making the same articles composed wholly or in chief value of any of the foregoing 45 announcement as to my pair as before, I vote" nay." cents per pound and 50 per cent ad valorem. ' Mr. l\IcCUl\IBER (when his name was called). Transferring ?.fr. SHEPPARD. Does the Senator wish to discuss the my general pair as on the previous vote, I vote " nay.'' amendment? Mr. TRAMMELL (when his name was called). Making th~ l\!r. SMOOT. Yes. same announcement as on the previous ballot in regard to th~ Mr. SHEPPARD. In the last line of the amendment I move transfer of my pair, I vote "yea." to strike out "45" and to insert "40.'' Let me say by way of ~Ir. WATSON of Indiana (when his name was <.>alled). explanation that in this instance the Senate Finance Committee Making the same announcement as before, I votP "nay." bas recommended a slight decrease · in existing rates on the The roll call was concluded :finished product. Mr. SIMMONS (after having voted in the affirmative). I l\!r. SMOOT. l\Iay I just explain the amendment I have sub­ have a pair, but I have heretofore announced the transfer of ~itted? The original amendment as offered on " knit goods, that pair. Making the same statement as to my pair and trans­ ribbons, and other fabrics and articles composed wholly or in fer, I let my vote stand. · chief value of any of the foregoing," which means the cellulose Mr. STERLING (after having voted in the negative). Mak­ compounds or the artificial silk, provided a duty of 45 cents per ing the same announcement as on the previous vote, I will let pound and 40 per cent ad valoi·em. my vote stand. Mr. SHEPPARD. That is really a reduction of the exist­ The result was announced-yeas 18, nays 36, as follows : ing rate. YEAS-18. Mr. SMOOT. The existing law provides a rate of 60 per Ashurst Harrison Pomerene Trammell cent upon those goods; 45 cents, Mr. President, on these fabrics, Caraway Hetlin Ransdell Walsh, Mass. even if they were worth $4.50 a pound, would be 10 per cent, Dial Hitchcock Sheppard Walsh, Mont. and the addition of 40 per cent would make 50 per cent, or 10 Fletcher Overman Simmons Harris Pittman Stanley per cent less than they are under existing law. NAYS-36. Mr. SHEPPARD. That is true. Ball Ernst Mccumber Odelle Mr. SMOOT. Therefore I suggest that 40 be increased to Brandegee Frelinghuysen McKinley Pepper 50 and leave the 45 cents specific rate as it is. Tbat will leave Broussard Gooding McLean Smoot the rate exactly as it is under the existing law, being an Bursum Hale McNary Spencer Calder Jones, W&sh. Moses Stanfield equivalent of 60 per cent ad valorem. That is about the only Cameron Kendrick Nelson Sterling change which I have suggested in this amendment. I wish to Capper Keyes New Warren say to the Senator from Texas, however, that the proposed Curtis Ladd Newberry Watson, Ind. du Pont Lodge Nicholson Willis amendment is much more scientifically framed. Mr. SHEPPARD. The amendment proposes· an increase on NOT VOTIN~2. certain artificial silk yarns, does it not? Borah Glass Norbeck Smith Colt Harre Id Norris Sutherland Mr. SMOOT. That rate bas been increased very little, for Crow Johnson Owen Swanson I wish to say to the Senator that at the present prices of yarn Culberson Jones, N. Mex. Page Townsend Cummins Kellogg Phipps Underwood the ad valorem rate will be operative in nearly every case. I Poindexter Wadsworth have here to-day's prices of the yarns. ~~l~~ngham Falouette Rawson Watson, Ga. Mr. SHEPPA.RD. What is the value of these yarns per Elkins Lenroot Reed Weller Fernald McCormick Robinson Williams pound? France McKellar Shields Mr. SMOOT. I will say to the Senator from Texas that the Gerry Myers Shortridge prices of imitation horsehair and imitation silk run about a So the amendment of Mr. SHEPPARD to the amendment of dollar a pound ; yarns made from artificial silk waste, singles, the committee was rejec1:ed. are about 80 cents a pound ; if advanced beyond the condition of The PRESIDING OFFICER. The question recurs on agree­ singles b,Y grouping or twisting two or more yarns together ing to the committee amendment. made from artificial silk waste, the price is from 80 to 95 cents The amendment was agreed to. a pound. The Senator will therefore notice that accorhall as now J)'roposed is very much better. be determined by the number of spun or reeled singles of which such single or two or more ply threads are composed. l\Ir. SHEPPARD. What is the equivalent ad valorem of the The amendment was agreed to. rates of 45 cents a pound and 50 cents a pound and 55 cents a The ASSIST.A.NT SECRETARY. The next amendment is, on page pound proposed by this amendment on va1ious artificial silk 165, line 11, after the words " PAR. 1215," to insert " Partially yarns? manufactured artificial silk waste, 35 cents per pound." Mr. SMOOT. Of the 45 cents per pound rate, the equivalent l\Ir. Sl\IOOT. Mr. President, the chairman of the committee ad valorem rate to-day is 30 per cent-and of course the 35 sent to the desk on July 29 an amendment to this paragraph. per cent bracket would catch it. Of the 50 cents per pound There are two changes in it which I desire to submit and then rate the equivalent ad valorem rate would be 27 per cent, and offer it as a substitute for paragraph 1215 as originally reported. of the 55 cents per pound -rate the equivalent ad valorem rate On page 2 of the amendment as printed, in line 7, the word would be only 15 per cent. Mr. SHEPPARD. Does that mean a lower rate than the JI cellulose " is incorrectly spelled. It should be corrected. Then, in line 11, " 40 per cent ad valorem " should read " 50 present one on the e yarns? per cent ad valorem." I ask that the Secretary report the Mr. SMOOT. If it were not for the provision that the rate amendment as modified and then I shall be glad to explain it. shall not be less than 35 per cent, of course the rates would all The ASSISTANT SECRETARY. On page 165 strike out lines 11 be less. But at some time in the future, if the price of yarns to 22, both inclusive, and insert in lieu thereof the following: fall, then of course the rate will not be less. Therefore, it is a far better provision in order to take care of future conditions PAR. 1215. Artificial silk waste, 10 cents per pound, but not less than 15 per cent ad valorem ; artificial silk waste not further advanced tl;an the one originally reported. In other words, out of this than silver or roving, 20 cents per pound, but not less than 25 per cent schedule we have taken all of the specific rates, with the ex· 11922. CONGRESSIONAL REOORD--.SENATE. 10865

ception, I think, of two paragrap~, paragraph 1206, covering Spring fabric prwea. plushes, and one other. I can not see why the specific rates TIUCOTINES. should not be taken out of those paragraphs and only ad va­ lorem rates provided. There is, however, one reason, but I Style. Weight. I Price. thought it was not sufficient to prevent me from expressing the opinion at least that I should prefer a straight ad valorem Ounces. duty. 0537 ...... 9i $1. !O 117 ...... 10 Z.iO ]\fr. SHEPP.A.RD. Mr. President, I desire to submit this 09172 •• - ··-· ••••••• •••••••••• ···-. ·-·-· ...... 11 2.to observation regarding the present amendment: This ls a 09183 •• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 10! 2.60 branch of the silk industry which has enjoyed the rapid growth that has characterized the other branches of the silk industry . under existing tariff rates. The artificial-silk industry has multiplied itself fifteen times under the existing tariff law in 10 stm less than a decade. The Committee on Finance very wisely 9 I 1. 55 has proposed a decrease in the rate on the :finished product of the artificial-silk industry. The Senator from Utah [Mr. POLAIRES. SMOOT], evidently being unable to tolera~e such a thing as a decrease has offered an amendment makmg the rate equal to $1.22! the exis'ting rate. The Senate Finance Committee ought to 16114 1. 27t have taken the same course with regard to all the other 14 1.S~ branches of the silk industry, because they all are largely in the same position in so far as growth under the present tariff l\fr. FLETCHEJR. Mr. President, referring to the statement rates is concerned. None of them presents a proper case for of the Senator from Utah regarding the· woolen-goods situation, an increase of duty. I congratulate the committee on not the papers show that there has been a great increase in the offering to increase the rates on the products of this branch trade in woolens-enormous buying ·of woolens. That would of the silk industry. This action stands out in strange con­ seem to indicate that the importers expect the price to go up, trast to its course as to other silk products. I shall not ask and are tllerefore making their purchases now. They evidently for a yea-and-nay vote on the amendment. expect that the effect of this bill will be to increase the price The PRESIDING. OFFICER. The question is on agreeing to of those woolen goods. the amendment proposed by the Senator from Utah [Mr. l\1r. SMOOT. l\Ir. President, that is a strange argument. We SMOOT] on behalf of the committee. have been hearing for about two weeks that there were Iio pur The amendment was agreed to. chases abroad and no importations. I want to say, as I have Mr. SMOOT. Mr. President, I notice in the New York said before, that the prices of woolen goods are lower than Herald of to-day, August 1, 1922, an article headed: the prices at the last openings, and they were under existin.,, New woolen prices suprising1y low. Reductions from last year named law. These goods mentioned in the newspaper article will not 1n women's wear fabrics for spring. be made for six months. They will be made and sample pieces I have noticed editorials in that newspaper in which it is delivered perhaps in six months from to-day, and then the de stated that the rates proposed on women's woolen fabrics livery of the whole orcler will extend for three months longer. would result in large increases in the prices of clothing to the Mr. FLETCHER. They are being purchased now because American consumer. In the same paper, however, I find here they expect prices to go up after this bill is passed. under the heading indicated, " Woolen prices surprisingly low," lUr. SMOOT. Mr. President, these are American prices, sold an article to one statement of which I desire to call attention, in America for future delivery. as follows: The next amendment of the Committee on Finance was, m It was generally believed in the trade that the American Woolen Schedule 13, on page 165, line 23, in the subhead before tbe Co.'s prices on the women's wear fabrics would at least be above last year's figures, in v:iew of the fact that the primary market had risen word "papers," to insert "pulp," so as to read: "Schedule steadily since last year. The new values probably will cause some 13.-Pulp~ papers, and books." downward revision of prices by other independent factors, it is believed Mr. WALSH of Montana. Mr. Preslclent, my attention was in the trade. diverted for a moment. I will ask that the amendment may I ask that the article, together with the ·prices upon the be again stated. commodities IUUiled therein, may be printed in the RECORD The PRESIDL~G OFFICER. The amendment will be agam without reading. stated. There being no objection, the article was ordered to be The .A.ssi. tant Secretary again stated the amendment. printed in the REconD, as follows: Mr. WALSH of Montana. I have no objecton to that amend :NEW WOOLEN PRICPJS SURPRISINGLY LOW-REDUCTIONS FROM LA.ST YEAR ment. NAMED O~ WOMJ!lN'S WEAR Jl'ABR1CS FOR SPRI~G. The PRESIDING OFFICE.It. Without objection, the amend The American Woolen Co. opened yesterday its complete line of ment to the subhead will be agreed to. women's wear woolen and worsted fabrics for next spring for the coat, suit, and dress trades. Even more surprising to the trade than Mr. l\IcCUl\IBER. l\Ir. President, before the Senator from the opening of the men's wear lines on July 17, when prices were Montana proceeds with the discussion, if it is entirely a,greeable found to be but slightly higher than last spl'ing, were the compara­ to him I will ask to have inserted in the RECORD at this point tively low prices named on the lines shown yesterday. Values named on the best selling or repeat numbers were from 1~ certain t:ables bearing upon importations of ~emical pulp and to 5 per cent lower than prices prevailing at the last spring ope.ning, other pulp into the United States. despite the fact that raw wool quotations have jumped more than 100 Mr. WALSH of Montana. That is entirely satisfactory to me p'n· cent on the finer and medium grades in th~ last lea.r. It was generally believed in the trade that the merican Woolen Mr. l\!cCU.l\IBER. I -will ask, first, to have printed in the Co.'s prices on the women's wear fabrics would at least be above last RECORD a table showing the imports of pulp and the propor year's figures, in view of the fact that the primary market has risen tionate part of the total imports which were made of chemical steiidily since last year. The new values probably wUl cause some downward revision of prices by other independent factors, it is be­ pulp, from 1910 to 1921, inclusive, and also the- domestic produc lieved in the trade. tion of chemical wood pulp from 1917 to 1920, inclusive, showing Velours and tricotine worsteds were shown at P.rices which were the the imports and the percentage of imports to domestic produc lowest for any spring opening in the c-0mpany s history. Prices on the less important constructions were figured at a slightly ltlgher tion. I also ask to have printed in the RECORD a table showing plane than last spring. The standard 0417, which is the popular the imports of chemical wood pulp from 1918 to 1921, inclu ive Normandy cloth, was figured at $3.12~ a yard, contrasted with $3.2n Tl1e PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so last spring. This repre ents a decline of 4.7 per cent. The 0453 number, which ls the Elysia, was shown at $3.02~ a yard, as agaimit ordered. $3.10 last year which is a reduction of 2.4 per cent. The 0481, or The tables referred to are as follows : Shawsheen clotu,1 was opened at $3.15 a yard, compared with $3.20 last spring, which is a concession of 1.6 per cent. ~MIC.AL WOOD PULP. The showing was said tQ be one of the largest for department 4. United Btatu imports of puij] and the proportionate part of total impotts that wu There was an extensive line of Polaires shown, ranging in weight from chemical pulp. _ 14 to 20 ounces and in prices from $1..22~ to $2.45 a yard. A much larger llne of fabrics for sports wea.r also w~s displayed. Polaires in Ch6mica1 small and large checks and diagonal patterns, weighing ffoni 14 to 16 ounces, were priced at $1.42l a yard. This showing included for suitings and coats and reversible plaldrback suitings, which -are ~--~~---~~------l-T-o_ta_lt_o_ns~~J P~[ig£:f1_ new departures for tne company. 1910 ••••••••••••••••••..•• -••• ' • -••• -•.••••••.••. -•• .• •• -•. - m. ooo I 62.1 Th~ department was fairly filled with buyers from tbe early mornmg 1911 .• ·-········--··. ••••···•·•• .•..••...•..•••..•...•...•. 4S8, 000 52. 3 to the .:lose of the afternoon. Several reauing houses placed large­ 1912. ·- ••••. ················-·············· ·•••••····•· ... . 483,ooo I ~9.6 orders for variOUB !abr-ies, while purebasing from other buyers was 1913 ••••••••• ··-... - -- ••• ·-~ - -· .• ·-...... - - - .... - - -... - 500 000 67 . .') also brisk and in substantial volume. 1914. - ••••• ···-···· ·-·····-···-••••. ·-· -•••••.•••••• -. - -. - - 510, 000 I 69. 0 The balance of men's wear lines will be shown to-day. 1915. - • ····················-·····-············ •.. ·•··· .... . 5 R,000 68. 5 Subjoined is a list of some of tb..e fabrics shown, with :their style, 1916 ...... 514, 000 I 62. 5 pumbers, weight, and price per yard • 1917 ...... -..... --. -. --. 698, 000 61. 3 10866 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SEN ATE. AUGUST 1,

CHElfICAL WOOD PULP-Continued. UniW States production of chemical wood pulp. United States imports of pulp, etc.-Continued. Imports, in Chemical Tons. percentage Total tons. percentage of produc- of total. tion.

1918 ...... 505,000 1919 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 478,000 ~:~ 1917 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• : •••••••••••••••••••.• 1,973,986 35.3 1920 ...... 727,000 1,949,3 17 25.9 73. 3 ~~~:: :::::::::::::-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 2,008,647 36.1 &921. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 504,000 71.6

lm'[>O'T'tS of chemical wood pulp, 1918-19SJ.

1918 1919 1920 1921 Article. Tons. Dollars. Tons. Dollars. Tons. Dollars. Tons. Dollars.

Unbleached sulphate...... 106, 037 7, 971, 067 130, 278 9, 048, 537 163, 122 17 ()'>...5, 709 155,361 10,853,SOt Unbleached sulphite...... 2~, ~ii 16, 973, 540 214, 243 17, 97~, 1 1 ~ 308,008 31, 510, 435 208,093 H,H9,-t-.5i u Bleached sulphate...... , 299, 790 41 594 39 .., 76 15 426 1, 954,00;) 3 IH5 231, lU Bleached sulphite...... 14, 962 1, 512, 742 38, 174 4, 472, 593 114;470 19,0~,43:1 ss:oos 8,94 ,069 1 653--r-26-,7-5-7,-1-39-i·--387-,-289-l-3-1-,-89-5-, 065--l-----l-----!l-----I----- Total ...... •...•...... •...•.•••••••.•...... --:-350--, 601, 0'26 75, 536,589 452,104 34,192,441

.Mr. l\fcCUl\fBER. Mr. President, I should like to present a schedule, the committee proposes to insert a new paragraph, few other facts concerning chemical wood pulp. as follows: Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, if the Senator from North PAR. 1300. Chemical wood pulp, unbleached or bleached, 5 per cent Dakota will allow me before he makes his statement, I desire ad valorem: Provided, That if any count1·y, dependency, province, or other subdivision of government shall forbid or restrict in any way to say something as to chemical wood pulp, and so does the the exportation of (whether by law, order, regulation, contractual re­ Senn tor from Maine; but I shall not be ready to go on to­ lation, or otherwise, directly or indirectly) or impose any export morrow, and I should like to ha-ve it put over for a day. duty, export license fee, or other export charge of any kind what­ ever, either directly or indirectly (whether in the form of additional Mr. l\1cCUl\1BER. 1\1r. President, there are Senators on the charge or license fee, or otherwise), upon printing paper, chemical other side who are ready to speak, but I will allow the para­ wood pulp, or wood for use in the manufacture of wood pulp, there graph to go o-ver when they have concluded. shall be imposed upon chemical wood pulp, when imported. either directly or indirectly, from such country, dependency, pronnce, or Mr. President, the chemical-pulp industry is one that is very other subdivision of government, an additional duty equal to the 1.mportant to the United States, and if the example of our man­ highest export duty or other export charge imposed by such country, ufacturers in Maine, the State ranking first in the production dependency, province, or other subdivision of government, upon either an equal amount of chemical wood pulp or an amount of wood neces· of chemical pulp, is followed the United States can produce sary to manufacture such wood pulp, or an amount or printing paper indefinitely all of this pulp required. In that State a certain ordinarily manufactured from such chemical wood pulp. acreage of timber is cut each year, which is l . fixed by re­ forestation that the timber resources of that State are Mr. WALSH of l\fontana. Mr. Pres'dent, the commodities steadily increasing. All suitable logs cut are converted into with which this schedule deals have in the past given rise to timber and lumber. The rema:ning, together with all parts of protracted and oftentimes heated controversies, an echo of the trees cut, too small for use in making lumber are converted which was heard in thls Chamber only a few days ago. The into pulp. Even the bark and sawdust are used as fuel, so logic of events, however, bas to a yery great extent demon­ there is no waste. strated the soundness of the contention of those who have in­ Tbe chemical-pulp industry in 1921 was employing, roughly, sisted upon the introduction of this commodity free, or at a 20,000 men at the mills and 10,000 men. in the woods. It has very low rate of duty. invested $233,000,000 of capital, and converts a raw material To the almost universal public opinion to that effect the into this pulp that is of no use in any other industry, and of committee framing the mPasure have to a very great extent which there is a sufficient supply in the United States (p. 4523 yielded-not wholly, but almost-so that to a very large extent of hearings). This pulp can be made from practically any the controversies of tlle past need not be repeated at this time. kind of wood, even from wood 'not suitable for any other pur­ Wood pulp is of two general classes-ground pulp and chem­ pose, even fuel. The refuse of the lumber mills-parts of trees ical pulp. Ground pulp is made by bring : n~ the wood into too small for lumber, small second-growth timber from 5 inches contact with whirling grindstones or some similar machinery that reduces it to a pulp form. Chemical pulp, as is suggested in diameter up. Some 60 per cent of the cost of tll: ~ pulp rep­ resents labor. by the term, is produced by the utirzation of chemicals in the The daily capacity of the United States mills is about 9,300 maceration process, chiefiy some form of sulphite. Both cla ses tons of chemical pulp; or, .working at normal capacity, 2,500,000 of pulp-ground pulp and chemical pulp-are on the free list tons of chemical pulp per annum. Foreign pulp is causing in the bill as it came from the House. Tbe Senate committee many of our mills to close o ... run on part t ime. (Appendix A proposes to leave ground pulp on the free list, but proposes to to brief of Peter G. Thompson, jr., p. 4529 of hearings, as fol­ put a duty of 5 per cent on chemical pulp. lows:) Wood pulp, as is of course well known, is the .:oundation for most of the paper that is manufactured in this country and In making newsprint or cheap print pap"er 15 to 20 per cent of un­ bleached chemical pulp is mixed with mechanical pulp to give strength abroad. The greater portion of it is consumed in the manu­ to the paper. But newsprint paper would not be affected by a duty on facture of what is lm.own as newsprint. Newsprint is likewise chemical pulp, for three reasons : on the free list under the bill as it came from the House and as 1. Practically all American mills that make newsprint paper manu­ facture their own pulp. reported by the Senate committee. so that while the product of 2. At least 80 per cent of these mills manufacture the chemical pulp wood pulp is on the free list wood pulp itself-that is, the chemical they use. They do not buy this pulp but manufacture a surplus and wood pulp-is on the dutiable list. a condition which I appre­ oll'er ft for sale. 3. Newsprint paper and mechanical pulp come into the United States hend exists with respect to no other commodity mentioned in free of duty. the bill. Certain of our consumers of chemical pulp own grants of Canadian land and manufacture their chemical pulp in Canada and import it into In the manufacture of newsprint paper ground wood pulp is this country. the chief constituent, but in order to make the paper accept­ In 1921 our total importation was $92,372,606 of paper and all manu­ able to the trade about 20 per cent of chemical pulp i.. neces­ factm·es of paper, lncluding books, cards, cigar bands, etc. ; $83,629.877 worth came in free, of which $79,123,368 was newsprint paper. Of all sary. The chemical pulp is used in increasing proportions as other print paper--that containing large quantities of chemical pulir­ the grade of the paper rises, and in the grades of paper above only $196,000 worth was imported. For the same year, $39,396,249 newsprint it becomes a very important element, as indeed it is worth of wood pnlp was imported, $9,179 183 of which was cbemical pulp, a hJghly manufactured product coiling into direct competition, so far as newsprint is concerned. free of duty, with a great American industry, and steadily driving it The duty, being 5 per cent as prescribed, is equivalent to an into bankruptcy. ad valorem of about $5 per ton. wood pulp now commanding The PRESIDING OFFICER. The next amendment of the about $100 a ton, or 5 cents a pound, in the market; so that committee will be stated. whatever chemical pulp is introduced into this CflUntry bears a The ASSISTANT SECRETARY. At the beginning of the paper duty of practically $5 a ton, the consmnptio:n amounting to 1922. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 10867

600,000 tons a year. This imposes upon the newspaper industry Finance, told mr about the reforestation in Maine. I ask the of the country and other forms of manufactm·e of paper the Senator from Maine when that policy was inaugurated in his trifling burden of something like $3,000,000. State? - Attention has been called by the distinguished chairman of Mr. HALE. I think it has been in operation for the last 10 the Finance Committee to the heavy importations of chemical or 15 years. wood pulp. They are very heavy. Perhaps these figures were · Mr. WALSH of Montana. How long will it take in the given in the table submitted by the Senator from North Da­ State of Maine for timber to reach such a state of matmity as kota; but I repeat, for the information of the Senate, that in to be available for pulp wood? Hl18 our importations of unbleached chemical pulp amounted to Mr. HALE. Almost any timber can be used for pulp wood. $25,000,000, in round figures, and our importations of bleached As a matter of fact, we cut down to a certain d:ameter, and pulp to $1,800,000. In 1919 the figures were increased to then, after we have cut the land over, we cut it again in another $27,000.000 of unbleached pulp and $4,867,000 of bleached pulp. 15 or 20 years. In 1920 the importations jumped to $54,760,000 of unbleached Mr. WALSH of Montana. How much of the reforested tim­ pulp, and $20,866,777 of bleached pulp. _The ground wood-pulp ber has ever been cut in the State of Maine? importations increased in the same high proportion-$4,700,000 Mr. HALE. We are cutting all along, all the time. worth in 1918, $5,000,000 worth in 1919, and $13,800,000 in Mr. WALSH of Montana. Cutting timber which has been 1920. So that by the table of production and importations a planted? prima facie case is easily made in favor of a substantial pro­ Mr. HALE. No. tective tariff upon this particular article; but, Mr. President, Mr. WALSH of Montana. That is what I am ta1king about. other features are to be taken into consideration, and there I dare say that not a stick of planted timber has ever been cut. are other factors in the problem. Mr. HALE. We do not have to do that. We simply do not To start out with, it will be understood that the sources of strip the land. wood pulp in this country are limited. Our forests are rapidly Mr. WALSH of Montana. You let it grow up naturally? disappearing. The alarm has been sounded for the last 20 MI'. HALE. Yes. years. We are expending annually from five to six million Mr. WALSH of Montana. The same process of reforestation dollars in order to preserve the forests which are the property is going on in my State. of the United States, not to speak of the enormous sums that Mr. HALE. We cut very carefully. and we do not strip the are annually expended by the States and by private interests land, so that the land takes care of itself. for the protection of the forests. l\Ir. WALSH of Montana. :My question is. How long does it Our supply of pulp woods, as I have said, is being rapidly take, after the seed drops to the ground, before the timber has exhausted, and we have come to rely to a very large extent upon arrived at such a state of maturity as that it is available for the a1mnclant forests of Canada for our supply of pulp wood pulp wood? and of wood pulp. Mr. HALE. As I told the Senator, it is available at any time. As is well known, Canada bas laid an embargo upon the ex­ You could put small saplings in if you wanted to, but you clo portation of pulp wood, requiring that it be converted into not do it. You allow the tree to grow until it measures about wood pulp in that country before it can be exported. 6 inches at the butt before cutting. The question is presented, then, as one of great public pol­ Mr. WALSH of Montana. How long does it take to grow to 6 icy, Shall we pat a duty upon the production of chemical wood inches at the butt? pulp, thus promoting the preservation of our forests, which Mr. HALE. Probably about 20 years. are rapidly eaten up because the consumption is enormous, or Mr. McCUMBER. Mr. Presiclent, if the Senator will allow would it be the better public policy to preserve our forests for me, the evidence from which I made my statement, and which use in the future, allowing the Canadians to utilize their vast was before the committee, showed that there is just as great sources of supply as they may see fit, for domestic use or for an amount of wood available for pulp in the State of Maine export? to-day as there was 15 years ago, when they began the reforesta­ l\fr. HALE. Mr. President, does the Senator know what pro­ tion by taking care of their trees. That is the idea I sought to portion of our annual lumber cut goes into pulp wood? convey, rather than the idea of the length of time it will take l\lr. WALSH of Montana. I can give the Senator the number for any particular sized tree to grow to the condition in which of cords of wood. the other trees were when they were cut and converted into Mr. HALE. Does the Senator know what proportion of our pulp. umual cut of lumber in the United States goes into pulp wood? Mr. WALSH of Montana. Is there any evidence that a stick I think I can tell him. Three and one-tenth per cent of the of new-growth timber was ever cut in -the State of Maine for entire cut of lumber in the United States goes into pulp wood, wood-pulp purposes? and that includes mechanical as well as chemical pulp wood, so Mr. McCUMBER. I do not know that there is any statement that it is only a little over H per cent of the lumber cut that that that which started to grow 10 years ago has e\en been goes into pulp wood. cut, but I un

Maine, and his information is entirely erroneous. There are Mr. WALSH of Montana. No; I did not say that. I said other companies which do the same thing. I have seen our mountains and hills reforested without any Mr. HITCHCOCK. If the Senator will let me finish my state­ effort at all artificially. I said further that when we talk ment, I shall appreciate it. The fact is that the Great North­ about reforestation we refer to artificial planting and taking ern Paper Co., which supplies newspapers in a very limited area care of the new forests. When the Tariff Commission tells us, of the United States and which is aot available for the papers - as I shall show directly, that the only relief from the situation of the Middle West or the West, sells paper probably at a lower is by reforestation, they mean by the planting of forests the price than any other company in the United States. It is in same as is done in Germany, i.n France, and everywhere else. possession of a vast tract of timberland, chiefly, I think, and Mr. LODGID. That is the point I wanted to make. perhaps altogether in Maine. Mr. WALSH of Montana. The Senator has seen the great Mr. HALE. About a million and a ha.If acres. forests in Germany as I have. They grow up with perfect Mr. HITCHCOCK. A number of years ago it adopted a very regularity, just like the stalks of corn grow in the field. They wise policy, under which it cuts trees of only a certain size, are in rows, planted, cultivated, and taken care of, and after allowing the others to develop, and by the adoption of that pol­ 30, 40, 50, 75 years they become timber available for any of the icy it has got in perpetuity a limited forest of wood pulp. The purposes for which timber is available. That is what we mean other States in the Union which have heretofore raised spruce by reforestation. and other limited varieties of wood for wood pulp have practi­ Mr. LODGID. I do not think it is limited to that. I think cally been denuded and, as the statistics introduced by the Sena­ it is possible to reforest in other ways, by natural growth and tor from North Dakota have shown, the United States now is proper management of the cut to preserve the forests so that dependent for a large part of its wood pulp, both ground and the land can be cropped year in and year out and the forest chemical, upon Canada, because the American accessible forests never exhausted any more than we exhaust the land by cut· have been practically denuded and, as I understand it, there is ting a crop of corn from it. no practical plan of reforestation anywhere in operation. Mr. WALSH of Montana. I dare say the Senator is correct. Before I conclude, I simply want to read this quotation ~rom Mr. RANSDELL. Mr. President, will the Senator yield? Theodore Roosevelt, which was accepted at the time ~nd which Mr. WALSH of Montana. I will yield in just a moment. I think still stands as a wise conclusion. He said, in June, 1909: The Senator from Massachusetts is correct. The term " re­ There should be no tariff on any forest product grown in this coun­ forestation " is really broad enough to include both reforesta­ try, and in especial there should be no taritr on wood pulp, due ~otlce tion by natural process and reforestation artificially, but when of the change being, of course, given to those engaged in the busmess, so as to enable them to adjust themselves to the new conditions. The the Tariff Commission speaks about it they undoubtedly mean repeal of the duty on wood pulp should, if possible, be accompanied by the planting ot trees and the culture and care of them. an agreement with Canada that there should be no export duty on Mr. HA.LE. If we can reach the same result by cutting care­ Canadian pulp wood. fully, I do not see what possible objection the Senator can bave. Mr. President. the result of denuding our available spruce Mr. WALSH of Montana. The trouble is we do not reach forests, as has been done in the past, has been to put further the same result. ' away the supply of this necessary wood pulp, and the result Mr. HALID. I think we do. I think I ought to know more is that newspapers are compelled to pay now a much higher about my own State than the Senator from Montana. The price for paper than they paid a number of years ago ; and Senator seems to object to the process in use. when the newspapers pay that increased price they have to Mr. WALSH of Montana. I think I know as much about charge it to their consumers on subscription rates and in the natural reforestation as the Senator from Maine. price of street sales. That is one of the reasons why the Sun­ Mr. HALE. The Senator has referred to the report of the day papers cost the average purchaser so much more than they Tariff Commission saying our supply will be exhausted in 15 used to and why subscription prices and street sales are so years. I .think if the Senator has his way and we take off much higher than they formerly were. · this duty and let ·Canadian pulp come in, it may eventually be It is a plain proposition. We have two objects in keeping the case that we will not be able to compete with the Canadian wood pulp on the free list: First, to avoid excessive charges pulp which is coming in, and the result will be that we shall for the newspapers ; in the second place, to allow some effort have to cut off, our timber and move out. The Senator would to be made to restore the already practically destroyed wood­ not want to see that done even in Maine. pulp forests of the country. Maine is the only State in which l\Ir. WALSH of Montana. In due course, I presume, the Sen­ such a policy is being followed ; and in Maine, so far as I ator from Maine will make his speech. I yield now to the Sen­ know, there is only one company which has been able, by rea­ ator from Louisiana. son of its favored situation and its great capital, to adopt an Mr. RANSDELL. I have no desire to get in the debate, but intelligent system by which it has been able to preserve for I simply wish to correct what seems to me to be an erroneous itself a spruce forest. Such a plan does not exist for the rest statement on the part of the Senator from Nebraska [Mr. of the country. HITCHCOCK] when he said there is no systematic attempt to re­ Mr. HALE. Mr. President, I tried to tell the Senator that forest our lands. There is in my "State, Louisiana, quite a it is a general rule in Maine to take care of timberlands in systematic attempt going on now. It is of the yellow pine that way. It is not in any way limited to one company. and not timber that makes newsprint. It does not make the Mr. WALSH of Montana. Mr. President, that is the way to finer grades of paper. This plan of reforestation is being car­ take care of timberlands everywhere. They do exactly tlle ried on by the Great Southern Lumber Oo., at Bogalusa, La., same thing in my State. I have seen the young timber grow where they claim to have the greatest sawmill in the world up where the whole side of a mountain was denuded 30 years and where they have an immense paper-making plant. At the ago. Our forests reproduce themselves, the same as the for­ present time they are using the refuse of their enormous saw­ ests in the State of Maine do. I know all about that. But mill to make paper. Everything that does not go into lumber that is not the proposition at all. The idea of reforestation is used by the paper mill. contemplates artificial development of the timber supply, not In conjunction with that they are carrying on, and have been the mere matter of allowing the cones to drop from the trees for several years, a very intelligent system of reforestation. and spread themselves over the ground and reproduce. That They leave a certain number of trees per acre from which the is going on everywhere. It is going on, as I said, in my State. ground is seeded. They call them seed trees, two or three to But everybody realizes that that kind of growth is not avail· the acre. They watch th-0se forests very carefully. Tbey ha.ve able for wood pulp or any other purposes until it is at least 25 to fence them and guard against the razorback hog, which is or 30 years old, and it does not grow to timber size until it is one of the greatest enemies of the forest. He roots up the 75 years old. young trees, and is really one of the greatest enemies the forests The Tariff Commission does not at all say incautiously have. He will dig around a tree and root it up when it is sev­ or without reflection that the wood pulp supply of New eral years old to get the succulent roots. England will be exhausted in 15 years, notwithstanding re­ Mr. WALSH of Montana. Trees how old? forestation that is g-0ing on. They understand perfectly well :Mr. RANSDELL. Trees several years old. I think it is no that everything that is available will be gone by that time, exaggeration to say that they root up trees 3 or 4 years old. and then we will be obliged to wait until the new timber Pine is of very slow growth at the start, and the bogs get arrives at the proper state of development after a lapse of it when it is young. . years. These lands have to be fenced very carefully and guarded Mr. LODGE. Mr. President, may I ask the Senator a ques­ against fire also. There is a most intelligent effort being made tion? I am interested in what he is aying about reforesta· to reforest timberlands in the central part of the State. The tion. Do I und~rstand him to ay that reforestation can take effort was started by a man whom I know quite well, Mr. place only by planting? Henry Hardtner, at a place called Urania, in the center of my 1922. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· SENATE. 10869

State, about 12 or 13 years ago. I remember going over his ward tbe reforestation of lands which have been denuded either forest in tl1e ummer of 1911. He pointed out to me a number in lumber operations or in the manufacture of the wood pulp. of trees which were at that time 8 or 10 inches in diameter. But all these things are being taken into consideration, and yet He had left them on the land when he cut the big trees for his the Tariff Commission tells us, and I have no doubt the informa­ mill. He did intelligent cutting of the timber, leaving a certain tion is accurate, that the supply in New England will be ex­ number of young trees. hausted in 15 years and in New York within 10 years, as it has The Yale School of Forestry has for several years been send­ largely been exhausted in the States of Wisconsin and Michigan. ing its classes in forestry down to Urania, La., to study the for­ l\fr. SIMMONS. Mr. President, will the Senator from Mon­ estry methotls pursued there by my friend, Mr. Hardtner. tana yield to me for a moment or two? So it is not quite right to say . that we have no intelligent Mr. WALSH of Montana. I yield to the Senator from North reforestation going on in the United States. It has been going Carolina. on in the State of Louisiana for a number of years, I am very Mr. SIMMONS. Mr. President, we had some discussion be­ happy to say. This does not, however; I will say to the Sen­ tween the Senator from Connecticut [Mr. l\1cLEAN] and myself ator from Nebraska, apply to trees suitable for newsprint with reference to the attitude of the New York Herald. I did paper. We have not the quality of wood that makes print not at that time know of an editorial which appeared in that paper, but it does make an admirable brown paper, which is paper this morning. If I had, I certainly should have read it usecl for many purposes, such as wrapping paper and to make al that time. I am going to ask that the Secretary read the boxes. I am told that these trees attain sufficient growth in editorial now, because it is not long, and I ask that it be 15 or 20 years to make excellent pulp, and the plan of the Great printed in connection with my remarks immediately before the Southern Lumber Co. is to have a perpetual forest there in the various clippings from newspapers which I got permission to vicinity of Bogalusa. They plant a number of acres every year, have printed in the RECORD this morning. The editorial is and their scheme is laid out in such a way that they will never headed " Let the tariff wait." exhaust their great forests. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the edi­ l\fr. WALSH of Montana. I am very much obliged to the torial will be read as reque~ted. Senator from Louisiana for the valuable information. May I l\fr. l\fcCUJ\fBER. l\fr. President, before the article is read ask how long this system has been in vogue? I want to know a little something about the length of it. Is it Mr. RANSDELL. In a large way by the Great Southern something that is long? Will it take some hours to read? Is it Lumber Co. at Bogalusa for five years, but in a smaller way at the desire of the Senator to take up the time between now and the Urania Lumber Co. for '11 or 12 years. It was 11 years ago, 6 o'clock? I know, when I drove with l\Ir. Hardtner over his forests, and Mr. SIMMONS. It will not take more than five or six min­ he has carried on the work of reforestation in a very intelligent utes to read it. It is less than a column of the paper and is in way in connection with the State conservation commission. big print. They exempt }lis lands from taxes while the trees are growing ~r. McCUMBER. Very well; I shall not object, then; but and aid him in various ways. They do not collect any taxes I wish we could use our own judgment on these things. until the timber is cut. They aid him in fighting fire and in The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The editorial will be read as every possible way. It is a very intelligent method that is in requested. vogue at Urania. The reading clerk read as follows : l\Ir. WALSH of Montana. The statement made by the Sen­ [From the New York Herald, Tuesday, August 1, 1922.) ator from Louisiana is in entire accord with my information LET THE TARIFF WAIT. and judgment with respect to the matter. It coincides with my The national scandal of an insufferably burdensome wool tariff made own eArperience. It will take at least 15 to 20 years for new by sheepgrowing, wool-raising Senators for the benefit of their own forests to arrive at such a state of maturity as that the wood priva~e proper_ty has deep!~ stirred the people of the United States. Amencan sent1me:nt can comprehend men in high public office going to will be available for the manufacture of pulp at all. extrei;nes, me~ gomg wr_ong and even badly wrong in their partisan or l\Ir. LODGE. l\ir. Bresident, will the Senator yield?. fanatic devot10n to an impersonal cause. American sentiment can not l\Ir. WALSH of Montana. I yield to the Senator from Massa­ comprehend and American sentiment will not countenance le"'islators making themselves responsible for, indeed creating and Jamming chusetts. through, laws that directly and heavily concern their own private l\lr. LODGE. The Senator spoke about the Great Northern pockets. The tariff "'makers of the present Congress can not go before the Co. being the only company that was engaged in using its voters of the United States next November on the issue of the Sen­ forest intelligently and scientifically, if I may say so, but I ate's monstrous wool schedule! the handiwork of sheep-raising wool­ think we have in my State only one pulp mill that makes only gro~ing Senators, without inv1tin~ political revolution by an aroused nation. But even if the wool-tan.fl' scandal had not arisen to shock pulp and is not also a conversion mill. With reference to that and outrage the fine American sense of conscience and propriety the I bave a communication as follows: Fordney-McCumber tariff as a whole is so full of economic blnn'ders so fraught with public hardship, and so potentially dangerous to the This company, although a very small factor in the trade, has pur­ country that it would not be good sense and it would not be safe to chased these forest lands on which the growth is allowed to mature take it before the American people at the Congress elections now only and where plans for seeding are being carried out from year to year. about three months away. It is no longer the practice of pulp manufacturers to strip forest lands, If the crazy wool schedule were torn out of the tariff measure by but rather to cut mature growth and to give young growth every op­ the roots, if the sheepgrowing, wool-raising Senators never had startled portunity to mature. and shaken the American public with the wool tariff they have tried to impose upon the country still the Fordney-McCumber tariff is so In other words, they use the selective process. They do not bad, so unworthy of anybody's support, so incapable of meeting the strjp the young trees. They take out the trees of a given size, test of popular approval, that to take it to the polls as the great so they have a new crop of trees continually coming on ; that is, national issue of the ~lections of 1922 might blow any political party so doing off the face of the earth. - coming within the range of use from year to year. They have There is no time left between now and November to make a good learned the lesson. I know that in a broad way the Senator is enough measure out of the Fordney-McCumber monstrosity to win perfectly right about the slaughter of American forests and I public confidence. There is no time left to correct in a sound scien­ tific way even the schedules that are the most extravagant ili their had very much the same impression that be has expressed in economic lunacy and the most hateful to the American public. There regard to pulp. But when I came to look into it I found, in is no time left to extract half the wrong and evil of the measure. the first place, that the chemical pulp mills used only a very There is no time left to do much of anything but to run for shelter out of the storm. tri:fiing amount of wood, and, in the second place, bitter experi­ A frightful economic botch has been made out of the whole tariff. ence has taught them that it is greatly to their interest to re­ Anybody in his senses knows that. It is beyond all hope of satis· forest and care for their forests very carefully and scrupulously, factory repair in the next few months or several weeks. Anybody competent to do the job knows that. To f?O before the country with so they will have a permanent supply. I am sorry to have in­ this tariff botch would be simply to commit, on the heels of the un­ terrupted the Senator so long. paralleled economic blunder, a colossal, unexampled political blunder. Mr. WALSH of Montana. Within recent years every public Let the tariff wait until after the November elections. sentiment has been aroused with respect to the destruction of Mr. HARRISON. Mr. President, may I ask what is the our forests. It is not necessary to go into a discussion of how article which has just been read from the Secretary's desk? I essential, from every point of view, it is that they should be came into the Chamber while it was being read. preserved. It is only within very recent years-10 or 15 years­ The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary advises the that any concerted effort was made by private owners of timber- Chair that it is an editorial in the newspaper which is known · 1and in the northwestern part of the country to guard against as the New York Herald of this day. the destruction of the forests by fire. Our Forestry Service has Mr. l\lcCUl\IBER. Mr. President, the Senator from Montana been in existence only about 20 years. Prior to that time fires [Mr. WALSH] took his seat and I supposed that he had con- raged in those great forests, destroying hundreds and thousands cluded. • of acres of them from time to time, without any consideration Mr. WALSH of Montana. No; I yielded at the request of the whatever of the losses. But sentiment has ·been aroused and Senator from North Carolina to secure unanimous consent to efforts are gl;'ing on in some sections of the country looking to- insert something in the RECORD. I now yield to the Se~tor 10870 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. AUGUST 1,

from North Dakota for~ question, but, of course, I claim the thought the pending bill was a protection measure, written ac­ fiOOT. cording to the J)tinciples of the Republican Party, but after­ Mr. McCUMBER. No; I desire to reply to the Senator from war?s rea1;ized that it was a profiteer's tariff and not a pr

1would have to be divicled with the Government. Then this one of the newspapers indicating that the writer had any ·great Republican newspaper saw the matter just as its ad­ knowledge or had any information in reference to the sched­ vertisers saw it ules or a single item in the schedules. All the newspaper Mr. SIMMONS. Mr. Pr~ent-- knows is that its advertisers-the great importers and the de­ Mr. l\fcCUMBER. The Senator may quote as much as he partment stores--want to have a lower rate on their importa­ has a mind to from such newspapers, but they are the same tions, and it uses its pen, scurrilously very often, but never newspapers that slurred and spoke in almost disgraceful terms intelligently, discussing a single one of tlie items. 1of the report submitted by the Senator from North Carolina; Mr. SlMl\iONS. Will the Senator yield to me'? and they have not any more intelligence on the subject of the Mr. McOUMBER. I have no right to yield to the Senator tariff bill or upon the subject of the minority re{>6rt or of the from North Carolina. The Senator from Montana [Mr. majority report now than they then had. It is easy to con­ WALSH] has the floor. He yielded to me, and I wanted to demn. finish. Mr. SIMMONS. Will the Senator permit me to interrupt The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from North him? Dakota has the floor. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Mr. McOUMBER. I want to finish the sentence. North Dakota yield to the Senator from North Carolina? Mr. SIMMONS. Very well. Mr. McCUMBER. Certainly, Mr. President Mr. McCUMBER. The Senator from North Carolina knows Mr. Sil\fMONS. The Senator from North Dakota was prob­ these newspapers as wen · as I do, and there is. no use of the ably not in the Chamber this morning when the Senator from Senator or anyone else trying to fool himself, to put it lightly. Connecticut [l\Ir. .MoLEAN] read an extract from the New York Now, I want to say a word-- Herald, written the day after the minority report was filed, and Mr. GOODING. Will the Senator yield to me for just a criticizing that report, though not in the terms which the Sen­ moment? ator from North Dakota has stated, but I thought rather mildly Mr. MoCUMBER. I have no right to yield. criticizing the report and characterizing me as a politician. Mr. GOODING. Will the Senator from Montana yield? I When the Senator from Connecticut read that editorial I .took will oceupy but a moment of the time of the Senate. the floor and stated, as I repeat now, that I think it was very The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from natural that this great Republican newspaper, this great cham­ North Dakota yield to the Senator from Idaho? pion. of protection, should, before it understood the pending Mr. McCUMBER. Not now, Mr. President. I do not think bill and before it understood the report, when it thought the I can do so in justice to the Senator from Montana [Mr. bill was a protection measure and framed upon the principles WALSH). of the Republican Party and in order to carry out the theory of I wanted to call the attention of the Senator from Montana protection -0f that party, have criticized the minority report. to a matter in 01·der that he may answer my question now. It I would expect that irom a Republican newspaper; I would I understood the SeDB.tor correctly, he stated that from some expect that from a protectionist newspaper; but as soon as evidence-I do not remember now exactly where he got his the Herald understood, as a result of the discussion in the information-we would about use up the supply of our timber Senate, what the bill contained it changed its attitune with for pulp wood in the United States in about .15 years? reference to the bill altogether and denounced it as not only Mr. WALSH of Montana. The source of my information not being a protective measure at all but it went so far, as I does not seem to be in good standing on the other side of the. .now remember, as to characterize it as thievery-I may b.e a Chamber, but it is the Tariff Commission. little mistaken about that. Mr. McCUMBER. I simply wanted to know where it was Mr. McCUMBER. The Senator has made that statement from and whether I was correct in reference to the 15 years. before. Mr. WALSH of :Mont.ana. The Senator is correct. Mr. SIMMONS. The Senator says that the change of attitude Mr. McCUMBER. I will say to the Sena.tor that I have had was the result of the influence of the importers upon the New a great deal of difficulty, because of the conflicting reports, in Y-ork Herald. Well, Mr. President, I have read in the Senate trying to arrive at a conclusion as to how long our eoal supply, from a score of Republican newspapers that saw the light our iron supply, our timber supply for lumber, and our timber jllSt as the New York Herald did, newspapers that at first tor -pulp wood would lasL 1922~ CONGRESSIONAL IRECORD--.-SEN ATE. 10871

l\lr. WALSH of Montana. If the Senator will pe1mit me, I tnnity or had availed himself of the opportunity of studying the wonld prefer that he honlrl ,defer a •discussion of tbat par­ rbill. icular feature of the .matter until I get through presenting it. :As I said to' the Senator from Connecticut this morning, that Then I haJl be glad to yield. ·newspaper and the other newspapers, articles-from which I have ~Ir . .licCUMBER. I wanted the Senator to ·answer that been putting into the RECORD, are Republican ne~apers that part because the evidence that was taken before the committee originally and·naturally would have been in 'favor of "RepubU.. irn:iists that we have enough to 'last forever; that the growth can tariff legislation and would be standing for this bill to-daY. will mo:re than -equal the consumption if pr.ope-rly

ests of this country were to be treated fairly and given a bill, and there is going to be a quarrel between myself and any square deal. I can understand why the Democratic Party, newspaper or anyone else who makes such a charge. which never has gi'ren agriculture in this country a square. deal If I can not -vote for any agricultural indu ·try simply be­ 1n its tarifl:' bills, the party that has always considered farm cause I am a farmer, then I want to know it. My conscience products raw material and put them on the free list, accepts ls clear, and I know that when I get through my work in the the N~ York Herald's editorials with a great deal of satis­ Senate I shall be able to lie down to peaceful dreams. faction. Mr. HITCHCOCK. Mr. President-- l\Ir. President, I am simply. going- to say, as I said the other The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from Mon­ day, that I am going to demand an investigation. tana yield to the Senator from· Nebraska? I want to know whether there are any exceptions to be made Mr. WALSH of Montana. I find myself unable to do so. I in this body, and whether the man who owns sheep has not a am afraid the Ohair would then invoke the rule on me that right to express his opinion and to vote on this schedule or no man may talk more than twice on the same subject. any schedule in this tariff bi,ll. If I have violated my oath of Mr. HITCHCOCK. Mr. President, I request the privilege of office, by the eternal gods I am going to r.esign. addressing an inquiry to the Senator from Idaho, who has just The Senator from Nebraska stands on the floor and, because SPoken, before the Senator from Montana resumes the floor. he owns a newspaper, is demanding free wood pulp. Where is Mr. WALSH of Montana. The Senator from Nebraska had the line to be drawn? I want to say, Mr. President, that 1.f better ask unanimous consent. any Senator who knows anything about my actions in the The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Senators understand the Senate will say that I have not made just as great an effort in rule perfectly well. The rule has never been enforced with regard to many other schedules as for wool, if not greater, he very much rigor, and a reasonable interruption would not, by will say it because he does not know the truth or does not the present occupant of the chair, be deemed sufficient to take understand it. The hardest fight I made was for a duty on the Senator addressing the Senate from the floor; but when the vegetable oil-and I may have annoyed the committee by my debate had continued for an hour or an hour and a half upon efforts-and I never saw a cotton plant growing in all my life. questions which are not concerned with the matter before the It has not made any difference with me as to what the product Senate the Chair felt constrained to rule that the Senator from was. I stand here for a principle, and if my mouth is to be Idaho had a right to recognition in his own right. closed and I am to be insulted and smirched simply because I Mr. HITCHCOCK. I had endeavored to interrupt the Sena· am advocating the agricultural interests in the Senate, I want. tor from Idaho before he had taken his seat. I was not aware to know it. Agriculture is receiving a square deal in this bill. that the Senator from l\Iontana was upon his feet. Simply because we have had a chairman of the Finance Com­ Mr. GOODING. I hope the Senator from Montana will yield mittee who has been the best friend agriculture has had in a moment. this body for a quarter of a century, and because men have The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Senator from l\Ionta.na had courage enough to stand together and present in an intelli­ will not lose the floor on account of any reasonable interrup­ gent way to the Senate Finance Committee the needs of agr!­ tion by the Senator from Nebraska. cultu1·e, it is said that we have violated our oaths of office. Mr. HITCHCOCK. Then, Mr. President, I want to compli­ There can not be any greater indictment against any man than ment the Senator from Idaho for the courageous and frank for an.Y paper or any Senator to intimate for a minute that he position which he takes, and to say to him that this side will has violated his oath ·as a Senator in the greatest legislativa support fully any effort he may make to secure· the withdrawal body 1n all the world. I am going to pay my respects in due of objections from the other side to an investigation of which time to the New York Herald, and I am going to insist on this he speaks, and I trust that if he draws another resolution, in­ investigation all down the line, and I want that understood. stead of supporting the resolution offered by the Senator from By the eternal gods we are going to have it, too. If we do not Arkansas [l\Ir. CARAWAY], it will not be any the le s effective have it, I will not be to blame. or strong. Mr. HARRISON. Mr. Prei,ldent, wlll the Senator yield for Mr. GOODING. There will not be anybody left out when my a question? resolution is offered. The Senator will discover that. ~ Mr. GOODING. I yield. Mr. HITCHCOCK. Then I hope the Senator will not delay Mr. HARRISON. The Senator, in a very manly and coura­ the introduction of his resolution. geous way, because of these slurs in the editorials about him Mr. GOODING. It will not be delayed, either. If we ru·e and others voting where they were interested., is demanding an going to have an investigation, we will all get into the game. investigation, and as one Member of the Senate I think he is I understand the intention here. There ls not any question entitled to the investigation. The thing I want to ask the Sena­ about it. It is to smirch a few Senators on this side, and the tor is, bas he a resolution, or does he propose to have this papers all over are busy doing it now. It is ju.st politic , that is resolution which was ottered on Saturday voted upon? I am all ; nothing more and nothing less. with the Senator in his contention. I do not care to discuss it any more. I hope to be ready :Mr. GOODING. I will say very frankly to the Senator that with the resolution to-morrow, and I trust it will be accepted. I am preparing a resolution to be offered. But I want to say Mr. HARRIS. Mr. President-- just a little more. Just as long as they could get Schedule K, The ·PRESIDENT pro tempore. Does the Senator from which they knew was dishonest, no voice was lifted in the great Montana yield to the Senator from Georgia? metropolitan papers. Just as long as they could give the manu­ l\Ir. WALSH of Montana. I have declined to yield to any­ facturers in this country a ·schedule which destroyed an indus­ one. It does not seem to do any good, however. try-and almost every Senator who has spoken upon the floor Mr. McOUMBER. Mr. President, if it is agreeable to the admits to-day that Schedule K was crooked-that was all right. Senator from Montana, I was about to move to recess until But just as quickly as the committee is fair enough and strong to-morrow at 11 o'clock. But the Senator from l\fissouri [Mr. enough to give the agricultural interests of this country a SPENCER] states that he wants to have consideration of a bill square deal, then all the great papers turn upon the committee on the calendar which will not require any debate, and the and upon the Republican Party, and the Democratic Party Senator from Georgia [Mr. HARRIS] seems to be waiting to laughs in glee. present something. If it is agreeable to the Senator from Of course, the Democratic Party says that it is unconstitu­ Montana, I suggest to him that he let those hYo Senators pre­ tional to give protection to any industry. I have no quarrel sent their matters, and then I will move a reces , and the with them if they think so. Some Senators on the other side Senator from Montana can go on in the morning. have had the courage to stand by the industries of their States l\Ir. WALSH of Montana. I desire to say before that action, and to vote for protection, and I want to congratulate them which is quite satisfactory to me, is taken, that if I were able for it. to satisfy myself that anything which might be said by me on Mr. President, what a crime it is, when a country like this is the paragraphs under consideration would in the slightest de­ suffering from the effects of the war, as we are to-day, that we gree affect any vote in this Chamber, I should regret very much have to. stand here and plead for proper protection to great indeed that wllatever value there is to the continuity of my industries in order to give .them a chance to live, the only legis­ discussion should be so broken as it is; but inasmuch as I can lative body in all the world where there is any division as to not believe that it would, I have tolerated the di ·cussion which the needs of an industry. What a spectacle it is for a great, has taken place in the last 45 minutes. I shall be very glad intelligent body like this and a great Nation that the very life to resume on the reassembling of the Senate to-morrow. of this country must be at stake while we ·haggle and quarrel Mr. HARRIS. Mr. President, I would like to say, a tlLP. over what protection an industry needs to let it live. Senator from Idaho [Mr. GoonING] has referred to the Senator By the eternal gods, I have not violated my oath of office, from Nebraska [Mr. HITCHCOCK] , that the Senator from North nor has ~my other Senator, in voting for any schedule in this Carolina [Mr. SIMMONS] asked me to handle the chemical wood- 1-922. CONGR:ESSION AL RECORD~EN· ATE. 16873 pulp item, and this .morning I told, the , Senator from Nebraska 1- wha~ is the date hereof?. Does, it .mean from the passage of that I would like to have him.take an interest in it,. and l;le told .tbe bill or what.does it mean? me he decline.d to do so pecause of the fact that he · is- the · Mr~ WJLLIS, That is a matter. of opinion. I suppose, but u.n­ ow-ner of. a .newsp.aper,. and.he said it wouid:not be beeoming in :doubtedly it would be the date of the enactm0.llt of the law him to do-so. • .and not.the passage of the bill by tbe Senate. Mr. HARRISON. May t suggest that I ·notice by. the Rf}GOBJ> Mr. BRANDEGEE. If the qµestion of. forfeiture came up, it tbnt the late __Senator Fry.e., while- ~ . Member of the. House, would be absolutely vital to know. . declined' to vote on a proposition tm;iching & m.ilroad because Mr. WILLIS. I may say to the Senator from Connecticut he had some interest in a raiiroad. The precedent has be.en long that the language was suggested by the War Department. I established. · think it is not very clear, but evidently it means the date of the EMPLOYEES . OF THE .INDIAN SERVJ:CE. passage of the act. M:r. SPENCER. Mr. Presid.ent, the bill { H. R. 9814) amend- Mr. BRANDEGEE. If the Senator ls , satisfied with it as it reads, very well. · ing the•p1'0viso af'the act ·approved August 24, 1912,. with refer- . ence to· educational leave to-employees of tbe Indian Service, sa:f:fie:.'ILLIS. 1· am satistied and tlle War, Department 18 is a· bill extending the time in which men in· the Indian Service The bill was order:.ed to be· engrossed for a third reading, read may be given an educational leave during the summer from the third time. and passed . . 15 days, as the law now is, to 30 days. The" Indian Bureau th.ink it is very. essential that the bill, which is a House bill, BEOESS. should be passed, in order that they may avail themselves of it ' Mr. McCUMBER. I move that the Senate take a recess until during this summer. I ask unanimous consent for the consid­ to-mon·ow at 11• o'clock a. m. eration of the bill. The motion was. agreed to; and (at 6 o'clock and 5 minutes The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Secretary will report p. m.) the S~nate took a recess until to•morrow, Wednesday, tlle• bill1 for information. August 2, 1922, at 11 o'clock a. m. The reading· clerk read•the bill. The PRESIDENT · p1'0 tempore. The· Senator from Missouri asks unanimous consent for the immediate· consideration of the bill. Is there objection? SENXTE. Mr. DI.AL. Mr. President;, it se~ms to me that would estab­ lish a bad precedent which might be extended, and I shall ' WEDNESDA~, August ~, 19~~. object for·the• pTesent. ' The PJ;tESIDENT pr.-0 temPOl'e. Obje<.!tion is made.. (Le1Jislative day of Thursday, 4,pril 20, 19~2.) · MA.HONING • Itrv;ER DAM. The Senate met at 11 o'clock a. m., on the. e'A)iration vf the Mr. WILLIS. I ask unanimous conserit to report favor.ably ! recess. from the Committee on Commerce, with a.piendments, the bill ('S, 3733) granting·the co.nsent of Congress ·to the city of War­ VIEWS OF SENATOR KEY P.lTTMA.N. ren, in the State' of Ohio, its· successors and assigns, to con- I Mr. ROBINSON. Mr. President, I; ask unanimous.consent to struct, maintain,. and operate· ·a · dam across the Mahoning River I ba:ve printed_in the REoono in 8-point type a brief interview in the State of Ohio, and I1 submit a·report (No. 844) thereon. I w.iJ,h the able Senator· from 1'S- Rrr.rMAN-R~PUBLICANS HAV1il MADl!l ME.SS Oil' THI! '"in accordance.with the·- provisiuns of tbe act entitled 'An act GOVERNMENT, DEMOCRA'l'S TO BE SWEPT INTO POWER, SAYS NEVADA SENATOR; RAILROAD LEGISL.\TI.O.N COlrU'.LETE FJ..Wld!l, .ALLEGES-BONUS to regulate the construction of dams a.cross navigable waters,' A FIASCO. approved· Jnne 21, 1906, and amended by the act of June 23, ACHIEVEMENTS 01' G. O. P. AS SEEN BY ' SENATOR• PJ?rMAN. 1910," and to· insert a colon and the following proviso: Provi4ed,. That the wor!r shall no.t be commenced until the plans Jroreign relations left in_chaotic condition. therefor have be.en filed with a,:p.d approved by the Chief Qf Engj:neezs, Our foreign. commerc..e---there is none. United Stat~ A.rmy, and by th.e Secretary of War: Pr,ov:ti:led further, MiUionaires' taxes reduced; poor people pay. 'J'hat this act shall not be construed to autb,orize the use of, such· d,am The H. C. L. still is a terror~ to.. develop water power. or gene.rate. el~tticity. Tr.anspoi:tation charges increased. The amend~ent was agreed to. Outrageous discriminations. The next amendment was, on p.age ·1, to strike out section 2 Perpetuation of long and, short haul "outrage," in tbe following words : · Destruction of all .State control over. intrastate conuner.ce.. Smc. 2. That the right t9 alter, amend, or repeal this act is hereby Produc.er and cunsumer are starving together, expressly reserved. · Harding, MeJ.lon, and Wall Street keep the soldier from bonu&. And in lieu thereof to insert : The four horsemen of the Harding administration are: SEc. 2. That this act shall be null and void unless the actual con­ struction of the dam hereby authorized i& comi;nenced within o.ne year Poverty, and completed within three years from the date he,reof·: Provided, Distress,. That the consent· hereby given shall terminate and be at an end from Disorder, and after 30 days' notice from the Federal Power Commission or other authorized agency of the United States to said company or its suc­ Violence. cess.ors that desirable water"power. development will be interf,ered with Republican management oJ the affairs of the Nation has been !J_y the existence of said dam.; and any gra..ntee or licensee of the United States proposing to develop a power project at · or near said a failure, declu.r.ed United States SenatoJ" KEY Prcr:uAN, of dam shall have authority to remove, submerge, or utilize said dam Nevada, in an interview to~day. under such conditions as said commission or other agency may. deter­ " I look for a Democratic House as the result of the coming mine, but such cop.ditions shall not include .compensation for the re­ moval, submergence, or utilization of said dam· 'if the water level to fall ele.ction,'' he added, " a.a a rebuke to Mr. Harding and his be maintained in said power project is higher than the level of the administration ; as a rebuke to the Republican Government in crest of said dam. the. s.addle for two years before Harding took <>ffice ; as a loud The amendment was agree_d to. protest against the ' four horsemen ' of the Harding adminis­ The next. amendment was to add the following additional t1·ation: Poverty, distress, disorder, and violence." section: Senator PITTMAN is up for. reelection t-0 the United ~tates SEC. 3. That the rjght to alteJ.", amend, or repeal this act. is hereby Senate this fall. He says that he expec.ts- to win, and he looks expressly reserved. for a Democratic wave all over tbe country. The amendment was agreed to. " These are bad days," he cQD.tinued, " with coal walkouts~ The bill was reported to tlle Senate as amended, and the with r.ailroad shopmen striking, with so much of the after­ amendments were concurred in. war misery, with so mmiy hundr.eds of thousands out of wor~ Mr. BRANDEGEE. Mr. President, in· section 2 of the bill with S.O many pledges broken,. promises unfulfilled, and brilliant tb.ere is a provision that the bridge shall be begun within one visions o.f. hanpiness, progress, ap.d prosperity changed into year and completed within three years "from the date he1·eof." a mirage of plain chaos.