Presentation to the Environmental Health Conference

Chief Scientist of Western Australia Professor Peter Klinken September 1st, 2016 Chief Scientist of Western Australia

• Report directly to Premier as Minister for Science

• Provide independent advice on: − Science and innovation − Broadening the economy − Promoting science

• Work closely with the Office of Science to: − Enhance collaboration − Attract investment − Build leading-edge capacity − Promote science policies − Raise public awareness Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Importance of Science Science affects virtually every part of our lives from: • Communication – computers, mobile phones • Health – medicines, treatments • Travel – Cars, planes, boats • Housing – lights, water, heating • Food and drink – quality, quantity • Etc, etc.

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Science / Industry Continuum

Invention Innovation Development Product 1 3 4 6 7 10 |------||------||------| Fundamental research Applied R&D/ Translational Industrial/ Commercial

Universities / Government agencies / SMEs Industry Research organisations Technology Innovation Centres / Start-ups |______| CSIRO/ CRC’s |______| Industry Growth Centres

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Importance of Science

Lord Alec Broers

“The technological revolution has been swift and the pace relentless. Nations that fail to keep up are doomed to become part of a second world”

(UWA Alumni presentation, London 2014)

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Australia as a knowledge nation

“Australia’s science base is strong, as shown by its high public-sector expenditure on R&D, the high international ranking of its Universities and publication rates in top scientific journals”

(OECD Science, Technology Industry Outlook 2012)

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Australia as a knowledge nation

• Produces ~3-4% world’s new knowledge annually • ~0.3% world’s population • Rankings − OECD #9 − Nature #11 − Scientific American #12 • 6 Universities in top 100 globally (ARWU) • 16 Universities in top 100 (under 50 years old)

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Australian Nobel Prize Winners

Medicine Physics • Baron Howard Florey • Sirs Lawrence and Henry Bragg • Sir Macfarlane Burnet • Brian Schmidt • Sir John Eccles Chemistry • Sir Joseph Katz • Sir John Cornforth • Peter Doherty • Barry Marshall / Robin Warren • Elizabeth Blackburn Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Rankings for Innovation • Bloomberg #20

• OECD #19

• Global Innovation Index #19

- Institutions #11

- Human capital and research #7

- Infrastructure #7

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Translation / Commercialisation

• Global Innovation Index − Innovation efficiency #81 − Knowledge diffusion #78 − Science and Engineering graduates #73 − High/ medium tech manufacturing #54

• OECD − Firms collaborating with academia 34/34 − Firms collaborating globally 26/34

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Conclusions

• Very good a research and innovation

• Poor research transfer to economic benefit

• Poor collaboration - industry and academia

• Insufficient STEM graduates

• PhD graduates -> academia not industry

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia STEM education

• Underpins a capable and adaptable economy

• Core Competencies : critical thinking, creative thinking, problem solving, innovative approaches

• Curriculum content can crush creativity and curiosity

• Science, mathematics - compulsory in Yrs 11-12

• Crucial for jobs of the future

• Important for an informed community that values science, innovation and creativity

• STEAM / eSTEAM – arts, entreprenuership

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Future job predictions

CEDA

• 40% of current jobs will not exist in 10-15 years

Australian Chief Scientist

• 75% of fastest growing occupations require STEM

CSIRO

• Job creation will outpace job destruction, despite automation

• New jobs will involve creativity, complexity, judgment

• Need agile, flexible, nimble workforce

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Australian Exports

• Diversified domestic industrial base • Lowest export complexity in the OECD

Figure: Economic Complexity index (2010) in OECD Countries (Source: Harvard University)

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Science priorities in WA

• Mining and Energy • Agriculture and Food • Medicine and Health • Biodiversity and Marine Science • Radio astronomy

(Science Statement for Western Australia, 2015) • Alignment with National Science Priorities • Alignment with Industry Growth Centres Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Invest in Science

• Science – investment for the future

• NOT a “black hole for money with no returns”

• NOT cheaper to import all new technology

• New solutions, cures, treatments don’t fall magically from the sky….

• Research enables understanding of the challenges / opportunities -> develop informed responses

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Government Agencies

• Play a vital role in applied science • Often unglamorous/ unrecognised • Crucial for the State • Examples: − DMP (Geological Survey  Resource sector) − DoF (Crayfish, prawn monitoring  MSC sustainable accreditation) − DAFWA (3x increased grain productivity with 30% decrease in rainfall) − DoH - Pathwest (Tough, expensive tests)

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Major Scientific Institutions

• University of Western Australia • Curtin University • Murdoch University • Edith Cowan University • Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Mining and energy

• Co-ordinating scientific bodies − Minerals Research Institute of WA − WA Energy Research Alliance

• Major innovations in mining and energy • Numerous R&D initiatives: − BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto − Chevron, Shell, Woodside • Driverless trucks / autonomous rail system • 60% of the world’s mining software

Opportunities • FLNG • Precision mining / integrated data analysis • Renewable energy (wave, wind, solar) - Carnegie, Bombora, Protean

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Agriculture and Food

• World leader in dry land, broad acre farming

• Priorities: - Productivity - Biosecurity - Changing environment - Water

• Opportunities: - Precision farming / big data analytics - Aquaculture - Northern WA

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Agriculture and Food

• Other food sectors: • High quality, sustainable wild-catch seafood - Marine Stewardship Council recognition • Sheep - high quality meat and wool • Cattle – high quality meat

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Medicine and Health • Co-ordinating scientific body − Western Australian Health Translation Network

• $8b dollar investment in new infrastructure

• New health precincts established

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Medicine and Health

• Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology (2005) − Professors Barry Marshall and Robin Warren

• Long-term health records / data linkage

• Numerous well curated patient cohorts

• Longitudinal studies - Busselton Health Study (1966) - Raine Study (1990)

• Opportunities - Precision medicine - Data linkage / ‘OMICs’ - Clinical trials

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Biodiversity and Marine Science

• Co-ordinating scientific bodies − WA Biodiversity Science Institute − WA Marine Science Institution

• Unique biota • South West – 1 of 34 global biodiversity hotspots • 8 of 15 Australian biodiversity hotspots • 3 marine bio-diverse regions • 2 marine World Heritage Areas

Opportunities: • Natural products (eg pharmaceuticals) • Indigenous knowledge

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Biodiversity and Marine Science

• 20,000 km pristine coastline • 70% Australia’s “Blue Economy” • Blueprint for Marine Science 2050

Opportunities: − Deep water environment / infrastructure − Ecosystem–based fisheries

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Radio astronomy • Co-ordinating scientific body − International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research

• Murchison – extreme radio quiet

• Thriving radio astronomy developed in 10 years

• Square Kilometre Array (SKA) - international consortium - 12 nations (possibly 20) - 2b Euro project

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Radio astronomy • SKA: − largest, most sensitive radio telescope − fine map the universe − understand origins of the universe • Current instruments − Australian SKA Pathfinder − Murchison Widefield Array • Spin-offs in supercomputing and data science

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Supercomputing and Big data • Massive amounts of data collected every day • Increasing continuously • New technologies, skills and workforce needed to create value from data Pawsey Supercomputing Centre • Magnus research computer (1.5 petaflops) • Future SKA data processor (100 petaflops - 2020)

DownUnder Geosolutions (6 petaflops)

Opportunities: • Big data analytics / cybersecurity • Government Open data policy / data linkage • Cisco - Innovation Centre (Curtin University, Woodside) Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Key Underpinning Factors

• Supercomputing - data analytics / data linkage • Imaging/ Visualization/ Characterization • OMICs (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics) • STEM education • Water • Collaboration

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia Thank you

Department of the Premier and Cabinet Chief Scientist of Western Australia