Dialogue 62Nd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting Mission Education Annual Report 2012 Challenges 62Nd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting Annual Report 2012 Contents

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Dialogue 62Nd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting Mission Education Annual Report 2012 Challenges 62Nd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting Annual Report 2012 Contents OUTREACH SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES EDUCATE. INSPIRE. CONNECT.® EXCELLENCE Dialogue 62nd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting Mission Education ANNUAL REPORT 2012 CHALLENGES 62nd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting Annual Report 2012 Contents 2 A CHALLENGING MISSION: A MEETING OF MINDS PaVING THE WAY 90 Inspiring the Next Generation 3 EDUcaTE. INSPIRE CONNECT. Participants of the Partners & Supporters of the Mariette DiChristina The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings 62nd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting 62nd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting 92 6 Young Scientists, 6 Different Stories 8 Educate. Inspire. Connect. 24 Why I Set out to Lindau 64 Academic Partners Enable Lindau’s Matthias Schöbe Countess Bettina Bernadotte & Wolfgang Schürer Brian Schmidt Mission Education Throughout the World Nikolaus Turner 94 Science Communication under 10 A Global Scientific Dialogue 32 The Next Generation of Construction Hosted in Germany Leading Scientists 68 A Network of Excellence Beatrice Lugger Cornelia Quennet-Thielen Nicole Alexandra Larsen Andrew Holmes BEYOND LINDAU Role Models and Mentors Much More than Lectures Connected and Involved 20 38 70 Public Outreach Projects Christian de Duve and Lederhosen Max G. Huber Ibrahim I. Cisse Why Reach Out? The Key to Unlocking Future Growth: 100 76 Continuity and Change in Investing in Research PHYSICS MATTERS Lindau’s Mission Education Robert-Jan Smits Programme of the Wolfgang Schürer & Wolfgang Huang 62nd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting The Challenge of Balancing 78 Discovering Treasures Tradition and Innovation 104 A Scientific Dialogue Anders Bárány & Wolfgang Huang 42 Pamela Mars Rainer Blatt & Burkhard Fricke 106 Learning by Viewing—Nobel Labs 360° 48 The Higgs Excitement BROADENING THE DIALOGUE John C. Mather Matthew Chalmers Debates & Impulses at the 62nd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting 110 The Challenge of Communication 50 A Triumph for Particle Physics Sir Richard Timothy Hunt Alexander B. Fry 82 Education for Sustainable Development ENabLING THE MISSION EDUcaTION Cosmology in Lindau Robert M. Solow 54 Organisation & Account Juan García-Bellido The Real Pioneers 84 Organisation & Account 56 Energy Issues Gabriela Dür 120 Florian Freistetter Supporters How to Advance Innovations 124 88 Henning Kagermann Challenges 4 For the future, I see The Lindau Innovation Forum The Bavarian State We need a cosmopolitan It is our duty to shape the The challenge is to get 5 the greatest challenges should be continued and perhaps Government emphasises science that can provide community of Lindau alumni the ideas right in the first into a sustainable network of for all the sciences even expanded by integrating the goal that the Free important contributions place. The possibility of responsible scientists, across as continued public different scientific disciplines State of Bavaria shall to solving pressing issues energising and mobilising outreach and inspiration. all national borders. including the social sciences. contribute to the of the future. a group of the best young John C. Mather (page 106) Max G. Huber (page 70) As excellent young researchers modernisation of the Cornelia Quennet-Thielen (page 10) economists from all over the play an important part in Lindau, Lindau Inselhalle venue world offers a way to meet It will be a challenge for the Science is not a I am wondering whether Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings the Innovation Forum should in an appropriate and both of these challenges, competition for a prize. to increase participation of young encourage them to reflect on the effective way. the Lindau Meetings will promote and one hopes that the scientists from countries like Niger the tremendous potential they Its main challenge is creative potential of their Horst Seehofer special circumstances of which are increasingly becoming have in the science 2.0 era of not to win, as in a foot- central to the highest-level research. To enable them to do Lindau can help. Many of the characteristics of transparency: how, further on, discussions about the future of ball or tennis match, that, they should have an active the Nobel Prize are well reflected Robert M. Solow (page 82) our planet. to transfer the real life meetings in part in the Innovation Forum in in the Lindau Meetings. They are but to solve a problem, Ibrahim I. Cisse (page 38) very much in the spirit of Alfred Lindau, with their open dialogues the future. whether posed by Nobel, in the sense that there among generations of scientists Henning Kagermann (page 88) nature or by some is this drive to encourage from all over the world and their scientific progress. Nobel was practical application. inter disciplinarity, into long- actually not so much interested Christian de Duve (page 20) in rewarding achievements, he lasting, online conversations and wanted to encourage progress, networks. he wanted a better world. Beatrice Lugger (page 94) This week will open up great potential. Take advantage of it! Lars Heikensten in his welcome speech A Challenging Mission: Educate. Inspire. Connect. The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings 6 7 Educate. Inspire. Connect. Countess Bettina Bernadotte & Wolfgang Schürer The holistic approach to educate, inspire and connect scientists of different generations and diverse backgrounds distinguishes the Lindau Meetings from traditional scientific conferences. It remains a challenge to foster and develop the intellectual dimension of this dialogue. 8 Educate. Inspire. Connect. This is not only intellectual dimension to education, shores of Lake Constance, Lindau provides Looking back, we can say, in all modesty, 9 the leitmotif but the essence of the Lindau but it encompasses the person as a whole. a special atmosphere, laying the ground for that most of the goals we have set for the Nobel Laureate Meetings. The Lindau scien- The dialogue across and among genera- an open and thorough dialogue. It presents development of the meetings in 2000 have tific dialogue bridges generations, cultures tions, cultures, nationalities and religions every participant with ample opportunity been attained. This gives us the opportunity and nationalities. Although some of the opens new perspectives. It helps develop to break out of their routine and receive to convey our thanks to the Nobel Laureates world’s most renowned scientists, the empathy, understanding and mutual inspiration, which often lasts for a lifetime. and to all stakeholders, partners and Nobel Laureates, are taking part, Lindau is respect. Hence it serves as a compass Yet, finding the fragile flower of inspiration benefactors, all of whom have significantly much different from a conventional scien- providing valuable guidance. In the Lindau is a task left to everyone involved. It requires contributed to this progress. Your trust and tific conference. It’s about people, not about context, education means learning from curiosity and passion. Most Nobel Laureates, your engagement is our obligation to con- papers. life and learning for life. in particular, never cease to be curious tinuously serve the Mission Education as but indeed are eager to learn and become trustees. This is our commitment and we are In the Lindau context, The willingness to learn is not a matter inspired from their younger peers as well. sure that the Lindau dialogue, being both of age but rather a matter of mind. The timely and timeless, continues to bear many education means process of learning changes over a life­­time, The Lindau dialogue is indebted to the a valuable fruit for generations to come. learning from life and but it never stops. It is invigorating and European tradition of Universitas. It is But how do we make these fruits available, challenging. The Lindau curriculum pro- not confined by disciplinary boundaries, providing knowledge and inspiration to learning for life. Countess Bettina Bernadotte (fourth from left), Tony Tan Keng Yam, President of the Republic vides a wide menu to choose from. Many nor is it limited to certain topics. The only those who cannot attend the annual meet- of Singapore, his wife Mary Chee Bee Kiang, and Wolfgang Schürer at the International Get- Personal interactions between Laureates of the Nobel Laureates are still engaged in re­­­quirement to join is an open mind. ings? This is the primary challenge we Together during the 62nd Lindau Nobel Laureate Meeting. and the most promising young scientists cutting-edge research; others may resume Every one is taking part on an equal foot- have been facing. We have accepted it and from around the world take centre stage. their life as a scientist or discuss ethical ing. All that counts is sound research and have launched various initiatives reaching In an honorary capacity, Countess Bettina Bernadotte af Wisborg has been the president of Lindau is best characterised as a week of or even artistic topics. The multiplicity of a good argument. For the participants, the out to society. the council since 2008, following her late mother Countess Sonja. She is the eldest daughter of talks, discussions and informal exchanges, lectures mirrors the diversity of the respec- experience of the week in Lindau often the late Count Lennart Bernadotte, who was one of the three founders of the Lindau Meetings— marked by a common enthusiasm for tive personalities. The same goes for the resonates for the rest of their lives. This report is about challenges—and it is and their long-standing spiritus rector. The Lindau Meetings have been part of her life since science and a collective shared desire to young researchers. Coming from diverse a challenge itself. For years, we have issued early childhood. In her regular occupation as managing director of the family business address the challenges facing the world. backgrounds, each stands at a particular The common experience in Lindau fosters our annual report, mainly as a retrospective Mainau GmbH, Countess Bettina is dedicated to tourism, environmentally-friendly business Young scientists come here to learn, juncture of his or her life. But not only connections and even lasting friendships. on our Lindau work. Much has been accom- management and sustainability, quality management and nature education.
Recommended publications
  • RANDY SCHEKMAN Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA
    GENES AND PROTEINS THAT CONTROL THE SECRETORY PATHWAY Nobel Lecture, 7 December 2013 by RANDY SCHEKMAN Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, USA. Introduction George Palade shared the 1974 Nobel Prize with Albert Claude and Christian de Duve for their pioneering work in the characterization of organelles interrelated by the process of secretion in mammalian cells and tissues. These three scholars established the modern field of cell biology and the tools of cell fractionation and thin section transmission electron microscopy. It was Palade’s genius in particular that revealed the organization of the secretory pathway. He discovered the ribosome and showed that it was poised on the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it engaged in the vectorial translocation of newly synthesized secretory polypeptides (1). And in a most elegant and technically challenging investigation, his group employed radioactive amino acids in a pulse-chase regimen to show by autoradiograpic exposure of thin sections on a photographic emulsion that secretory proteins progress in sequence from the ER through the Golgi apparatus into secretory granules, which then discharge their cargo by membrane fusion at the cell surface (1). He documented the role of vesicles as carriers of cargo between compartments and he formulated the hypothesis that membranes template their own production rather than form by a process of de novo biogenesis (1). As a university student I was ignorant of the important developments in cell biology; however, I learned of Palade’s work during my first year of graduate school in the Stanford biochemistry department.
    [Show full text]
  • 2007 Abstracts Und Curricula Bewusstsein Und Quantencomputer
    BEWUSSTSEIN UND QUANTENCOMPUTER CONSCIOUSNESS AND QUANTUMCOMPUTERS ______________________________________________________________ 7. SCHWEIZER BIENNALE ZU WISSENSCHAFT, TECHNIK + ÄSTHETIK THE 7th SWISS BIENNIAL ON SCIENCE, TECHNICS + AESTHETICS 20. / 21. Januar 2007 / January 20 - 21, 2007 Verkehrshaus der Schweiz, Luzern Swiss Museum of Transport, Lucerne Veranstalter: Neue Galerie Luzern, www.neugalu.ch Organized by: New Gallery Lucerne, www.neugalu.ch ______________________________________________________________ A B S T R A C T S Samstag, 20. Januar 2007 / Saturday, January 20, 2007 Verkehrshaus der Schweiz / Swiss Museum of Transport Keynote 12.15 - 12.45 BRIAN JOSEPHSON Quantenphysik Cambridge / UK IS QUANTUM MECHANICS OR COMPUTATION MORE FUNDAMENTAL? IST DIE QUANTENMECHANIK ODER DAS RECHNEN FUNDAMENTALER? Is quantum mechanics as currently conceived the ultimate theory of nature? In his book "Atomic Physics and Human Knowledge", Niels Bohr argued that because of the uncertainty principle quantum methodology might not be applicable to the study of the ultimate details of life. Delbruck disagreed, claiming that biosystems are robust to quantum disturbances, an assertion that is only partially valid rendering Bohr's argument still significant, even though normally ignored. The methods of the quantum physicist and of the biological sciences can be seen to involve two alternative approaches to the understanding of nature that can usefully complement each other, neither on its own containing the full story. That full story, taking into
    [Show full text]
  • The Pharmacologist 2 0 0 6 December
    Vol. 48 Number 4 The Pharmacologist 2 0 0 6 December 2006 YEAR IN REVIEW The Presidential Torch is passed from James E. Experimental Biology 2006 in San Francisco Barrett to Elaine Sanders-Bush ASPET Members attend the 15th World Congress in China Young Scientists at EB 2006 ASPET Awards Winners at EB 2006 Inside this Issue: ASPET Election Online EB ’07 Program Grid Neuropharmacology Division Mixer at SFN 2006 New England Chapter Meeting Summary SEPS Meeting Summary and Abstracts MAPS Meeting Summary and Abstracts Call for Late-Breaking Abstracts for EB‘07 A Publication of the American Society for 121 Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics - ASPET Volume 48 Number 4, 2006 The Pharmacologist is published and distributed by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. The Editor PHARMACOLOGIST Suzie Thompson EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Bryan F. Cox, Ph.D. News Ronald N. Hines, Ph.D. Terrence J. Monks, Ph.D. 2006 Year in Review page 123 COUNCIL . President Contributors for 2006 . page 124 Elaine Sanders-Bush, Ph.D. Election 2007 . President-Elect page 126 Kenneth P. Minneman, Ph.D. EB 2007 Program Grid . page 130 Past President James E. Barrett, Ph.D. Features Secretary/Treasurer Lynn Wecker, Ph.D. Secretary/Treasurer-Elect Journals . Annette E. Fleckenstein, Ph.D. page 132 Past Secretary/Treasurer Public Affairs & Government Relations . page 134 Patricia K. Sonsalla, Ph.D. Division News Councilors Bryan F. Cox, Ph.D. Division for Neuropharmacology . page 136 Ronald N. Hines, Ph.D. Centennial Update . Terrence J. Monks, Ph.D. page 137 Chair, Board of Publications Trustees Members in the News .
    [Show full text]
  • Die Woche Spezial
    In cooperation with DIE WOCHE SPEZIAL >> Autographs>vs.>#NobelSelfie Special >> Big>Data>–>not>a>big>deal,> Edition just>another>tool >> Why>Don’t>Grasshoppers> Catch>Colds? SCIENCE SUMMIT The>64th>Lindau>Nobel>Laureate>Meeting> devoted>to>Physiology>and>Medicine More than 600 young scientists came to Lindau to meet 37 Nobel laureates CAREER WONGSANIT > Women>to>Women: SUPHAKIT > / > Science>and>Family FOTOLIA INFLAMMATION The>Stress>of>Ageing > FLASHPICS > / > MEETINGS > FOTOLIA LAUREATE > CANCER RESEARCH NOBEL > LINDAU > / > J.>Michael>Bishop>and GÄRTNER > FLEMMING > JUAN > / the>Discovery>of>the>first> > CHRISTIAN FOTOLIA Human>Oncogene EDITORIAL IMPRESSUM Chefredakteur: Prof. Dr. Carsten Könneker (v.i.S.d.P.) Dear readers, Redaktionsleiter: Dr. Daniel Lingenhöhl Redaktion: Antje Findeklee, Jan Dönges, Dr. Jan Osterkamp where>else>can>aspiring>young>scientists> Ständige Mitarbeiter: Lars Fischer Art Director Digital: Marc Grove meet>the>best>researchers>of>the>world> Layout: Oliver Gabriel Schlussredaktion: Christina Meyberg (Ltg.), casually,>and>discuss>their>research,>or>their> Sigrid Spies, Katharina Werle Bildredaktion: Alice Krüßmann (Ltg.), Anke Lingg, Gabriela Rabe work>–>or>pressing>global>problems?>Or> Verlag: Spektrum der Wissenschaft Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Slevogtstraße 3–5, 69126 Heidelberg, Tel. 06221 9126-600, simply>discuss>soccer?>Probably>the>best> Fax 06221 9126-751; Amtsgericht Mannheim, HRB 338114, UStd-Id-Nr. DE147514638 occasion>is>the>annual>Lindau>Nobel>Laure- Geschäftsleitung: Markus Bossle, Thomas Bleck Marketing und Vertrieb: Annette Baumbusch (Ltg.) Leser- und Bestellservice: Helga Emmerich, Sabine Häusser, ate>Meeting>in>the>lovely>Bavarian>town>of> Ute Park, Tel. 06221 9126-743, E-Mail: [email protected] Lindau>on>Lake>Constance. Die Spektrum der Wissenschaft Verlagsgesellschaft mbH ist Kooperati- onspartner des Nationalen Instituts für Wissenschaftskommunikation Daniel>Lingenhöhl> GmbH (NaWik).
    [Show full text]
  • The Nobel Prize Sweden.Se
    Facts about Sweden: The Nobel Prize sweden.se The Nobel Prize – the award that captures the world’s attention The Nobel Prize is considered the most prestigious award in the world. Prize- winning discoveries include X-rays, radioactivity and penicillin. Peace Laureates include Nelson Mandela and the 14th Dalai Lama. Nobel Laureates in Literature, including Gabriel García Márquez and Doris Lessing, have thrilled readers with works such as 'One Hundred Years of Solitude' and 'The Grass is Singing'. Every year in early October, the world turns Nobel Day is 10 December. For the prize its gaze towards Sweden and Norway as the winners, it is the crowning point of a week Nobel Laureates are announced in Stockholm of speeches, conferences and receptions. and Oslo. Millions of people visit the website At the Nobel Prize Award Ceremony in of the Nobel Foundation during this time. Stockholm on that day, the Laureates in The Nobel Prize has been awarded to Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, people and organisations every year since and Literature receive a medal from the 1901 (with a few exceptions such as during King of Sweden, as well as a diploma and The Nobel Banquet is World War II) for achievements in physics, a cash award. The ceremony is followed a magnificent party held chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature by a gala banquet. The Nobel Peace Prize at Stockholm City Hall. and peace. is awarded in Oslo the same day. Photo: Henrik Montgomery/TT Henrik Photo: Facts about Sweden: The Nobel Prize sweden.se Prize in Economic Sciences prize ceremonies.
    [Show full text]
  • Making It LOUD
    Making it LOUD 2011 Annual Report WWW.USFIRST.ORG1 For over 20 years, FIRST® Founder Dean Kamen and everyone associated with FIRST have been on a mission to spread President Barack Obama, along with White House Technology Officer Aneesh Chopra, continued to feature FIRST teams as perfect examples of the president’s national White the word about the many educational, societal, economical, and House Science Fair initiative promoting STEM (science, technology, engineering, and Dean Kamen will.i.am planetary benefits of getting youth and adults alike involved in theFIRST math) education and celebrating science and math achievement in American schools. Morgan Freeman experience. Despite not having access to the millions of marketing Soledad O’Brien dollars required to make FIRST a household “brand,” the program has continued to grow each year at a blistering pace. …aND loudER Books, magazines, newspapers, cable TV, and the Web helped us create noise, too, with ongoing national coverage by Bloomberg, CNN, Popular Mechanics, In 2011, however, thanks to the fervent interest of major figures Popular Science, Wired, ESPN Magazine, WallStreetJournal.com, and more. Author Neal Bascomb brought the FIRST experience to life in his inspiring in government, the media, and mainstream entertainment, the book, The New Cool.Time Warner Cable incorporated “volume” of voices promoting FIRST... FIRST into its national “Connect A Million Minds™” initiative, featuring our FRC program in its TV show “It Ain’t Rocket Science.” The clamor of FIRST recognition continues to grow ...GOT TuRNED UP loud...VERY loud! louder every day. The continuing mainstream exposure is helping propel us toward our goal of making FIRST known and recognized around the globe.
    [Show full text]
  • Dark Matter and Dark Energy
    HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422 Page 1 of 8 Original Research The building blocks of the universe Author: I review the state of knowledge of the composition of the universe for a non-specialist audience. 1,2 Anslyn J. John The universe is built up of four components. These are radiation, baryonic (ordinary) matter, Affiliation: dark matter and dark energy. In this article, a quick outline of the theory of Big Bang 1Department of Physics, nucleosynthesis is presented, and the origin of the elements is explained. Cosmology requires Faculty of Science, the presence of dark matter, which forms most of the mass of the universe, and dark energy, Stellenbosch University, which drives the acceleration of the expansion. The dark sector is motivated, and possible Stellenbosch, South Africa explanations are stated. 2National Institute for Contribution: As part of this special collection on building blocks, the building blocks of the Theoretical and Computational Sciences universe are discussed and unsolved problems and proposed solutions are highlighted. (NITheCS), South Africa Keywords: cosmology; nucleosynthesis; dark matter; dark energy; cosmological constant; Corresponding author: general relativity; galaxies; particle physics. Anslyn John, [email protected] Dates: Introduction Received: 10 May 2021 Cosmology is the scientific study of the origin and development of the universe on the largest Accepted: 12 July 2021 Published: 25 Aug. 2021 scales. Today, the standard model of cosmology is a cornerstone of physics and astronomy. This is attested to by the award of four Nobel Prizes for research in cosmology. These awards, in How to cite this article: chronological order, are: John, A.J., 2021, ‘The building blocks of the universe’, 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Technological Entrepreneurship – a Key to World Peace and Prosperity”
    cc MM CoCorrmickmick NorthwesternNorthwestern Engineering Engineering MaterialMaterialss ScienceScience and and EngineeringEngineering The 2014 McCormick Dean’s Seminar Series Dr. Dan Shechtman – Nobel Laureate Israel Institute of Technology Monday, October 20, 2014 4:00pm, McCormick Auditorium (Allen Center) Reception to follow north of McCormick Auditorium in the Allen Center “Technological Entrepreneurship – a Key to World Peace and Prosperity” Most of the countries in the world lack significant natural resources and are characterized by low standard of living with little hope for improvement due to population growth and mismanagement. This is true also for countries that are rich in natural resources, but do not use them wisely. People that live in countries that enjoy high standard of living are industrious and their countries industrial. The basic reason of this division is technological entrepreneurship nourished by free market economy. Technologically entrepreneurial people make the difference. So, is there hope for everybody on the globe to improve their lives? Can technological entrepreneurship be motivated and taught so that generations of determined entrepreneurs will build up thriving economies? The clear answer to both questions is yes, but the process will take time and dedication. It all starts with education in general and scientific- technical education in particular. There is also a way to expedite the process – start with the already educated engineers and scientists. These are the first candidates for entrepreneurial endeavors. They can do it, but need motivation, continuous instruction and encouraging economic environment until they create successful start-ups and serve as role models for others. The name of the game is motivation.
    [Show full text]
  • Five Great Ideas of Biology
    GREATGREAT IDEASIDEAS OFOF BIOLOGYBIOLOGY Paul Nurse KITP Public Lecture, Feb 24, 2010 THETHE CELLCELL The basic unit of life ROBERTROBERT HOOKEHOOKE’’SS MICROSCOPEMICROSCOPE Cork Image: Past Present STEMSTEM IMAGES:IMAGES: PASTPAST ANDAND PRESENTPRESENT Nehemiah Grew (1682) ANTONIANTONI VANVAN LEEUWENHOEKLEEUWENHOEK MICROORGANISMSMICROORGANISMS VANVAN LEEUWENHOEK?LEEUWENHOEK? THEODORTHEODOR SCHWANNSCHWANN “We have seen that all organisms are composed of essentially like parts, namely, of cells.” (1839) RUDOLFRUDOLF VIRCHOWVIRCHOW “Every animal appears as a sum of vital units, each of which bears in itself the complete characteristics of life.” (1858) CELLCELL Rockefeller Nobel Prize Winners in Cell Biology George E. Palade (1974) Christian de Duve (1974) Albert Claude (1974) Günter Blobel (1999) MAMMALIANMAMMALIAN EMBRYOEMBRYO SPERMSPERM ANDAND EGGEGG THETHE CELLCELL The basic unit of life Underpins all reproduction and development Stem cells THETHE GENEGENE Basis of heredity GREGORGREGOR MENDELMENDEL MENDELMENDEL’’SS GARDENGARDEN PEASPEAS PEASPEAS 1919TH CENTURYCENTURY CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMES EDOUARDEDOUARD VANVAN BENEDENBENEDEN’’SS NEMATODENEMATODE CHROMOSOMESCHROMOSOMES PNEUMOCOCCUSPNEUMOCOCCUS Avery, MacLeod and McCarty, Rockefeller University (1944) DNADNA MOLECULEMOLECULE CENTRALCENTRAL DOGMADOGMA THETHE GENEGENE Basis of heredity Genotype to phenotype Implications for what we are EVOLUTIONEVOLUTION BYBY NATURALNATURAL SELECTIONSELECTION Life evolves Mechanism of natural selection ERASMUSERASMUS ANDAND CHARLESCHARLES DARWINDARWIN
    [Show full text]
  • “Kings of Cool” Superconductivity Who Are These People? SUPERCONDUCTORS
    “““Kings of Cool” Superconductivity Who are these people? SUPERCONDUCTORS An Introduction by Prof George Walmsley Normal conductor eg copper • Current, I. • Voltage drop, V. • Resistance, R = ? • Ans: V/I = R eg 2 Volts/1 Amp = 2 Ohms I Copper I V Normal conductor eg copper • Source of resistance: • Electron collides with lattice ion to produce heat (phonon). Copper lattice Lower Temperature • What happens when we cool a metal? • Ans 1: The electrons slow down and current is reduced maybe to zero. R→∞ • Ans 2: The lattice stops vibrating and resistance disappears. R=0 How do we cool things? • Commonly used liquid refrigerants: Element Boiling Pt Oxygen 90K Nitrogen 77K Hydrogen 20K Helium 4.2K Thomas Andrews, Chemist • 9 Dec 1813 – 26 Nov 1885 • John (Flax spinner, Comber) [ggfather] • Michael (Linen, Ardoyne) [gfather] • Thomas (Linen merchant) [father] • Studied under James Thomson, RBAI • 1828 Univ of Glasgow, Thos Thomson • 1830 Paris, Dumas • 1830-34 Trinity College Dublin • 1835 MD U of Edinburgh • 1835-45 Prof of Chemistry RBAI • 1845 Vice-President, Queen’s College • 1847 Prof of Chemistry, Queen’s College • 1869 Bakerian Lecture on CO 2 • 1871 Visit by Dr Janssen of Leiden • Photo: Paris 1875 Andrews’ Isotherms • Note critical temperature NORMAL CONDUCTOR: Electrical properties Normal metal eg copper Resistance and (resistivity, ρ) >0 As temperature falls ρ falls smoothly too: ρ 0 100 200 273.15 Temperature/K SUPERCONDUCTOR: Electrical properties Superconductor eg mercury, lead Resistivity ( ρ) >0 like normal metal down to critical
    [Show full text]
  • Bridge Linking Engineering and Society
    Fall 2017 OPEN SOURCE HARDWARE The BRIDGE LINKING ENGINEERING AND SOCIETY Hardware: The Next Step toward Open Source Everything Alicia M. Gibb Freedom Reigns in Desktop 3D Printing Ben Malouf and Harris Kenny Reevaluating Intellectual Property Law in a 3D Printing Era Lucas S. Osborn Impacts of Open Source Hardware in Science and Engineering Joshua M. Pearce The Maker Movement and Engineering AnnMarie Thomas and Deb Besser 3D Printing for Low-Resource Settings Matthew P. Rogge, Melissa A. Menke, and William Hoyle The mission of the National Academy of Engineering is to advance the well-being of the nation by promoting a vibrant engineering profession and by marshalling the expertise and insights of eminent engineers to provide independent advice to the federal government on matters involving engineering and technology. The BRIDGE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF ENGINEERING Gordon R. England, Chair C. D. Mote, Jr., President Corale L. Brierley, Vice President Julia M. Phillips, Home Secretary Ruth A. David, Foreign Secretary Martin B. Sherwin, Treasurer Editor in Chief: Ronald M. Latanision Managing Editor: Cameron H. Fletcher Production Assistant: Penelope Gibbs The Bridge (ISSN 0737-6278) is published quarterly by the National Aca d emy of Engineering, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20418. Periodicals postage paid at Washington, DC. Vol. 47, No. 3, Fall 2017 Postmaster: Send address changes to The Bridge, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20418. Papers are presented in The Bridge on the basis of general interest and time- liness. They reflect the views of the authors and not necessarily the position of the National Academy of Engineering.
    [Show full text]
  • Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter
    Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter March 2016 Volume 5 • Number 1 worldscinet.com/appn Takaaki Kajita 2015 Physics Nobel Laureate published by Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University (IAS@NTU) and South East Asia Theoretical Physics Association (SEATPA) South East Asia Theoretical Physics Association Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter March 2016 • Volume 5 • Number 1 A publication of the IAS@NTU Singapore and SEATPA Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter publishes articles reporting frontier discoveries in EDITORIAL physics, research highlights, and news to facilitate interaction, collaboration and 3 cooperation among physicists in Asia Pacific physics community. PEOPLE Editor-in-Chief 4 “Observing the Distant Supernova” — Interview with Kok Khoo Phua Nobel Laureate Prof Brian Schmidt Associate Editor-in-Chief “Discovering the W and Z Bosons” — Interview with Swee Cheng Lim Nobel Laureate Prof Carlo Rubbia SEATPA Committee Christopher C Bernido Phil Chan Leong Chuan Kwek Choy Heng Lai Swee Cheng Lim Ren Bao Liu Hwee Boon Low Anh Ký Nguyên Choo Hiap Oh OPINION AND COMMENTARY Kok Khoo Phua 10 China’s Great Scientific Leap Forward: Completion of a Roh Suan Tung Preecha Yupapin planned ‘Great Collider’ would transform particle physics Hishamuddin Zainuddin Freddy Zen Editorial Team NEWS Sen Mu 12 CityU’s Institute for Advanced Study will Champion Bold New Han Sun Chi Xiong Research Initiatives Case made for 'Ninth Planet' Graphic Designers Chuan Ming Loo Erin Ong Cover Photo: "Takaaki Kajita 5171- 2015" by Bengt Nyman - Own work.
    [Show full text]