In the Blood?

Used with permission of: © Andrew Cole Today’s presentation:

• To what extent are eminent composers from professional musician families?

• How do composers compare to other professions in following parent careers? The investigation:

• Studied parentage and family ties of 100 eminent composers: years 1500 - 2000

• Equivalent family research of eminent figures from 5 other professions:

• Doctors • Lawyers • Clergy • Engineers • Novelists The 100 eminent composers: Pre 1700 18th Century 19th Century 20th Century Giovanni Palestrina Giovanni Sammartini Hector Berlioz Francis Poulenc Gabriel Faure Claudio Monteverdi William Boyce Felix Mendelssohn F. Aaron Copland Leos Janacek Francesca Caccini, Christoph Gluck Robert Schumann William Walton Edward Elgar Girolamo Frescobaldi Niccolò Piccinni Frederick Chopin Michael Kemp Tippett Giacomo Puccini Heinrich Schütz Franz Joseph Haydn Franz Liszt Dmitri Shostakovich Gustav Mahler Jean-Baptiste Lully Antonio Salieri Richard Wagner Elliott Carter Claude Debussy Dieterich Buxtehude Muzio Clementi Guiseppe Verdi Olivier Messiaen Frederick Delius Arcangelo Corelli Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Jakob Offenbach John Cage Richard Strauss Henry Purcell Luigi Cherubini Clara Schumann Benjamin Britten Paul Dukas François Couperin Stephen Storace Anton Bruckner Witold Lutosławski Jean Sibelius Giovanni Bononcini Ludwig van Beethoven Bedřich Smetana Leonard Bernstein Eric Satie Antonio Caldara Niccolò Pagannini Johann Strauss II Malcolm Arnold Vaughan Williams Antonio Vivaldi Louis Spohr Alexander Borodin Pierre Boulez Sergei Rachmaninoff Georg Telemann Carl Maria von Weber Johann Brahms John Williams Gustav Holst Jean-Philippe Rameau Carl Czerny Cammille Saint-Saens Peter Maxwell Davies Arnold Schoenberg Johann Sebastian Bach Giacomo Meyerbee Georges Bizet Alfred Schnittke Charles Ives Giuseppe Scarlatti Gioachino Rossini Modeste Mussorgsky Steve Reich Maurice Ravel George Handel Gaetano Donizetti Pyotr Tchaikovsky Philip Glass Béla Bartók Maurice Greene Franz Schubert Antonin Dvorak Hans Zimmer Igor Stravinsky Johann Hasse Edvard Grieg Sergei Prokofiev Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov George Gershwin Research created equivalent lists of eminent figures in each of the other professions

The 100 eminent composers

Pre 1700 18th Century 19th Century 20th Century Giovanni Palestrina Giovanni Sammartini Hector Berlioz Francis Poulenc Gabriel Faure Claudio Monteverdi William Boyce Felix Mendelssohn F. Aaron Copland Leos Janacek Francesca Caccini, Christoph Gluck Robert Schumann William Walton Edward Elgar Girolamo Frescobaldi Niccolò Piccinni Frederick Chopin Michael Kemp Tippett Giacomo Puccini Heinrich Schütz Franz Joseph Haydn Franz Liszt Dmitri Shostakovich Gustav Mahler Jean-Baptiste Lully Antonio Salieri Richard Wagner Elliott Carter Claude Debussy Dieterich Buxtehude Muzio Clementi Guiseppe Verdi Olivier Messiaen Frederick Delius Arcangelo Corelli Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Jakob Offenbach John Cage Richard Strauss Henry Purcell Luigi Cherubini Clara Schumann Benjamin Britten Paul Dukas François Couperin Stephen Storace Anton Bruckner Witold Lutosławski Jean Sibelius Giovanni Bononcini Ludwig van Beethoven Bedřich Smetana Leonard Bernstein Eric Satie Antonio Caldara Niccolò Pagannini Johann Strauss II Malcolm Arnold Vaughan Williams Antonio Vivaldi Louis Spohr Alexander Borodin Pierre Boulez Sergei Rachmaninoff Georg Telemann Carl Maria von Weber Johann Brahms John Williams Gustav Holst Jean-Philippe Rameau Carl Czerny Cammille Saint-Saens Peter Maxwell Davies Arnold Schoenberg Johann Sebastian Bach Giacomo Meyerbee Georges Bizet Alfred Schnittke Charles Ives Giuseppe Scarlatti Gioachino Rossini Modeste Mussorgsky Steve Reich Maurice Ravel George Handel Gaetano Donizetti Pyotr Tchaikovsky Philip Glass Béla Bartók Maurice Greene Franz Schubert Antonin Dvorak Hans Zimmer Igor Stravinsky Johann Hasse Edvard Grieg Sergei Prokofiev Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov George Gershwin Research created equivalent lists of eminent figures in each of the other professions

The 100 eminent composers

Pre 1700 18th Century 19th Century 20th Century Giovanni Palestrina Giovanni Sammartini HectorThe Berlioz 100 eminent doctors Francis Poulenc Gabriel Faure Claudio Monteverdi William Boyce Felix Mendelssohn F. Aaron Copland Leos Janacek Francesca Caccini, Christoph Gluck thRobert Schumann th William Walton th Pre 1700 18 Century Edward Elgar19 Century 20 Century Girolamo Frescobaldi Niccolò Piccinni Frederick Chopin Michael Kemp Tippett Giacomo Puccini Heinrich Schütz Franz Joseph Haydn Franz Liszt Dmitri Shostakovich Ambroise Paré Carl Linnaeus Johannes GustavMüller Mahler Paul Ehrlich Charles Huggins Jean-Baptiste Lully Antonio Salieri Richard Wagner Elliott Carter Andreas Vesalius John Pringle John SnowClaude Debussy Emil Adolf von Behring Axel Theorell Dieterich Buxtehude Muzio Clementi Guiseppe Verdi Olivier Messiaen Gabriel Fallopius William Cullen James MarionFrederick Sims Delius Sigmund Freud Charles R Drew Arcangelo Corelli Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Jakob Offenbach John Cage Hieronymus Aquapendente Percivall Pott James PagetRichard Strauss Emil Kraepelin Werner Forssmann Henry Purcell SantorioLuigiSantorio Cherubini Leopold AuenbruggerClara Schumann Ignaz Semmelweis William LaneBenjamin Britten Viktor Frankl Paul Dukas François Couperin Jan BaptistaStephenvan Helmont Storace John HunterAnton (& William Bruckner) Joseph Désiré Tholozan Rudolph MatasWitold Lutosławski Severo Ochoa Jean Sibelius Giovanni Bononcini William HarveyLudwig van Beethoven Luigi GalvaniBedřich Smetana Hermann von Helmholtz Frederick HopkinsLeonard Bernstein Rita Levi-Montalcini Eric Satie Antonio Caldara Ole WormNiccolò Pagannini Samuel BardJohann Strauss II Rudolf Virchow Charles NicolleMalcolm Arnold Ian Donald Vaughan Williams Antonio Vivaldi HermannLouis Boerhaave Spohr Pierre-JosephAlexander Desault Borodin Jean-Martin Charcot Karl LandsteinerPierre Boulez "Pim" Kolff Sergei Rachmaninoff Georg Telemann GiovanniCarl Borelli Maria von Weber Philippe PinelJohann Brahms Henry Gray Alexis CarrelJohn Williams Bernard Katz Gustav Holst Jean-Philippe Rameau FranciscusCarlSylvius Czerny Edward JennerCammille Saint-Saens Joseph Lister George WhipplePeter Maxwell Davies Wilfred Bigelow Thomas Willis James Parkinson Theodor BillrothArnold SchoenbergAlexander Fleming Nigel `Sperry Johann Sebastian Bach Giacomo Meyerbee Georges Bizet Alfred Schnittke Thomas Sydenham Samuel Hahnemann Sergey BotkinCharles Ives Otto Heinrich Warburg Jonas Salk Giuseppe Scarlatti Gioachino Rossini Modeste Mussorgsky Steve Reich Marcello Malpighi Franz Joseph Gall Theodor KocherMaurice Ravel Georgios Papanikolaou Joseph Ransohoff George Handel Gaetano Donizetti Pyotr Tchaikovsky Philip Glass Olaf Rudbeck Dominique Larrey Ivan PavlovBéla Bartók Otto Fritz Meyerhof Henry Heimlich Maurice Greene Franz Schubert Antonin Dvorak Hans Zimmer Richard Lower Guillaume Dupuytren Robert KochIgor Stravinsky Frederick Banting Christiaan Barnard Johann Hasse Edvard Grieg Antonio Valsalva René Laennec Wilhelm RöntgenSergei Prokofiev Gerhard Domagk Mahmut Gazi Yaşargil Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov Lorenz Heister Wilhelm von Ludwig William OslerGeorge GershwinHelen Taussig David Sackett Gabriel Fallopius James Blundell Peter Freyer Max Theiller Ralph Steinman Jean Astruc Robert Liston Barry Marshall William Cheselden William Smellie Research created equivalent lists of eminent figures in each of the other professions

The 100 eminent composers

Pre 1700 18th Century 19th Century 20th Century Giovanni Palestrina Giovanni Sammartini HectorThe Berlioz 100 eminent doctors Francis Poulenc Gabriel Faure Claudio Monteverdi William Boyce Felix Mendelssohn F. Aaron Copland Leos Janacek Francesca Caccini, Christoph Gluck thRobert Schumann th William Walton th Pre 1700 18 Century Edward Elgar19 Century 20 Century Girolamo Frescobaldi Niccolò Piccinni Frederick Chopin The 100 eminentMichael Kemp lawyers Tippett Giacomo Puccini Heinrich Schütz Franz Joseph Haydn Franz Liszt Dmitri Shostakovich Ambroise Paré Carl Linnaeus Johannes GustavMüller Mahler Paul Ehrlich Charles Huggins Jean-Baptiste Lully Antonio Salieri Richard Wagner th Elliott thCarter th Andreas Vesalius JohnPre Pringle1700 18 JohnCentury SnowClaude Debussy Emil Adolf von Behring19 Century Axel Theorell 20 Century Dieterich Buxtehude Muzio Clementi Guiseppe Verdi Olivier Messiaen Gabriel Fallopius William Cullen James MarionFrederick Sims Delius Sigmund Freud Charles R Drew Arcangelo Corelli Wolfgang AmadeusConrad Mozart PeutingerJakob OffenbachWilliam Murray David Dudley FieldJohn Cage Clarence Darrow Oliver Wendell Holmes Hieronymus Aquapendente Percivall Pott James PagetRichard Strauss Emil Kraepelin Werner Forssmann Henry Purcell SantorioLuigiSantorio Cherubini ThomasLeopold More AuenbruggerClara SchumannGeorge AbercrombyIgnaz Semmelweis TeodolfoWilliamMertel LaneBenjamin BrittenRufus IsaacsViktor Frankl René Floriot Paul Dukas François Couperin Jan BaptistaStephenvan Helmont Storace EdmundJohn Plowden HunterAnton (& William Bruckner)Johann CasparJoseph Goethe Désiré Tholozan HughRudolph McCalmont MatasWitoldCairnsLutosławskiCharles EvansSevero HughesOchoa Patrick Devlin Jean Sibelius Giovanni Bononcini William HarveyLudwig van BeethovenFrançoisLuigi d'Amboise GalvaniBedřich SmetanaWilliam BlackstoneHermann von HelmholtzJohnFrederick Coleridge HopkinsLeonard BernsteinJames AtkinRita Levi-Montalcini Thurgood Marshall Eric Satie Antonio Caldara Ole WormNiccolò Pagannini AlbericoSamuelGentili BardJohann StraussEdward II ThurlowRudolf Virchow NathanielCharles Lindley NicolleMalcolm ArnoldAxel HägerströmIan Donald Boris Meissner Vaughan Williams Antonio Vivaldi HermannLouis Boerhaave Spohr EdwardPierre Coke-JosephAlexander Desault BorodinJosef MonseJean-Martin Charcot VladimirKarl LandsteinerSpasovichPierre BoulezMohandas Gandhi"Pim" Kolff Louis Brandeis Sergei Rachmaninoff Georg Telemann GiovanniCarl Borelli Maria von WeberAntoinePhilippe Favre PinelJohann BrahmsErnst FerdinandHenry KleinGray CharlesAlexis Russell CarrelJohn WilliamsLearned HandBernard Katz Shabtai Rosenne Gustav Holst Jean-Philippe Rameau FranciscusCarlSylvius Czerny Hugo EdwardGrotius JennerCammille SaintJohn-Saens Jay Joseph Lister HoraceGeorge Davey WhipplePeter MaxwellJohn Davies MarshallWilfred Harlan Bigelow Nelson Mandela Thomas Willis James Parkinson Theodor BillrothArnold SchoenbergAlexander Fleming Nigel `Sperry Johann Sebastian Bach Giacomo MeyerbeeEdward AtkynsGeorges BizetPhilippe-Antoine de Douai A V Dicey Alfred SchnittkeRayner Goddard John Paul Stevens Thomas Sydenham Samuel Hahnemann Sergey BotkinCharles Ives Otto Heinrich Warburg Jonas Salk Giuseppe Scarlatti Gioachino Rossini Benedikt CarpzovModesteJr MussorgskyJohn Marshall Charles S CBowenSteve ReichHans Kelsen Sydney Kentridge Marcello Malpighi Franz Joseph Gall Theodor KocherMaurice Ravel Georgios Papanikolaou Joseph Ransohoff George Handel Gaetano Donizetti John BradshawPyotr TchaikovskyWillem Bilderdijk Édouard LaferrièrePhilip GlassFelix Frankfurter Robert F Kennedy Olaf Rudbeck Dominique Larrey Ivan PavlovBéla Bartók Otto Fritz Meyerhof Henry Heimlich Maurice Greene Franz Schubert Bulstrode WhitelockeAntonin DvorakMaximilien de Robespierre S. Subramania IyerHans ZimmerWilliam Henry Thompson Robin Cooke Richard Lower DavidGuillaume Mevius Dupuytren Christian FriedrichRobert Koch BazIgor StravinskyRichardFrederick Webster Banting Earl WarrenChristiaan Barnard Tom Bingham Johann Hasse Antonio Valsalva René LaennecEdvard Grieg Wilhelm Röntgen Gerhard Domagk Mahmut Gazi Yaşargil Edward Hyde Charles Abbott Sergei ProkofievAlfred Lawrence Johan Hjort Harry Woolf Lorenz Heister Wilhelm vonNikolai Ludwig Rimsky -KorsakovWilliam Osler Helen Taussig David Sackett Matthew Hale James Kent George GershwinFriedrich Martens Karl Olivecrona Giorgio Ambrosoli Gabriel Fallopius James Blundell Peter Freyer Max Theiller Ralph Steinman Henry Singleton Sergey Muromtsev Hersch Lauterpacht Ruth Bader Ginsburg Jean Astruc Robert Liston Jean Marie Pardessus Barry Marshall William Cheselden Philip Yorke William Cabell Sergei Bershadski Tom Denning Hugo Black William Smellie Joseph Story Louis Dembitz Brandeis Giovanni Falcone Thomas Dennman Brenda Hale Gustav von Ewers Louise Arbour John Campbell Iftikhar Chaudhry Cresswell Cresswell Andrzej Rzepliński Helena Kennedy Antonio Di Pietro William Brennan Éric Dupond-Moretti Research created equivalent lists of eminent figures in each of the other professions

The 100 eminent composers

Pre 1700 18th Century 19th Century 20th Century Giovanni Palestrina Giovanni Sammartini HectorThe Berlioz 100 eminent doctors Francis Poulenc Gabriel Faure Claudio Monteverdi William Boyce Felix Mendelssohn F. Aaron Copland Leos Janacek Francesca Caccini, Christoph Gluck thRobert Schumann th William Walton th Pre 1700 18 Century Edward Elgar19 Century 20 Century Girolamo Frescobaldi Niccolò Piccinni Frederick Chopin The 100 eminentMichael Kemp lawyers Tippett Giacomo Puccini Heinrich Schütz Franz Joseph Haydn Franz Liszt Dmitri Shostakovich Ambroise Paré Carl Linnaeus Johannes GustavMüller Mahler Paul Ehrlich Charles Huggins Jean-Baptiste Lully Antonio Salieri Richard Wagner th Elliott thCarter th Andreas Vesalius JohnPre Pringle1700 18 JohnCentury SnowClaude Debussy Emil Adolf von Behring19 Century Axel Theorell 20 Century Dieterich Buxtehude Muzio Clementi Guiseppe Verdi Olivier Messiaen Gabriel Fallopius William Cullen James MarionFrederick Sims Delius SigmundThe Freud 100 eminentCharles clergy R Drew Arcangelo Corelli Wolfgang AmadeusConrad Mozart PeutingerJakob OffenbachWilliam Murray David Dudley FieldJohn Cage Clarence Darrow Oliver Wendell Holmes Hieronymus Aquapendente Percivall Pott James PagetRichard Strauss Emil Kraepelin Werner Forssmann Henry Purcell SantorioLuigiSantorio Cherubini ThomasLeopold More AuenbruggerClara SchumannGeorge AbercrombyIgnaz Semmelweis TeodolfoWilliamMertel LaneBenjamin BrittenRufus IsaacsViktor Frankl René Floriot Paul Dukas François Couperin Jan BaptistaStephenvan Helmont Storace EdmundJohn Plowden HunterAnton (& William Bruckner)JohannPre 1700 CasparJoseph Goethe Désiré Tholozan18Hughth CenturyRudolph McCalmont MatasWitoldCairnsLutosławskiCharles EvansSevero Hughes19Ochoath Century Patrick Devlin 20th Century Jean Sibelius Giovanni Bononcini William HarveyLudwig van BeethovenFrançoisLuigi d'Amboise GalvaniBedřich SmetanaWilliam BlackstoneHermann von HelmholtzJohnFrederick Coleridge HopkinsLeonard BernsteinJames AtkinRita Levi-Montalcini Thurgood Marshall Eric Satie Antonio Caldara Ole WormNiccolò Pagannini AlbericoSamuelGentili BardJohann Martin StraussEdward Luther II Thurlow Rudolf VirchowJohn & CharlesNathanielCharles Wesley Lindley NicolleMalcolm LarsArnoldAxel Levi Hägerström LaestadiusIan Donald CharlesBoris Wagner Meissner Michael Ramsey Vaughan Williams Antonio Vivaldi HermannLouis Boerhaave Spohr EdwardPierre Coke-JosephAlexander DesaultJohn Borodin CalvinJosef MonseJean-Martin CharcotJonathanVladimir EdwardsKarl LandsteinerSpasovichPierre BoulezBrighamMohandas Young Gandhi" Pim" Kolff CharlesLouis Russell Brandeis Dietrich Bonhoeffer Sergei Rachmaninoff Georg Telemann GiovanniCarl Borelli Maria von WeberAntoinePhilippe Favre PinelJohannLucas Brahms ErnstMaius FerdinandHenry KleinGray Johann FormeyCharlesAlexis Russell CarrelJohn WilliamsJohnLearned Henry Hand NewmanBernard Katz BillyShabtai SundayRosenne Abraham Heschel Franciscus Sylvius Hugo EdwardGrotius Jenner Joseph ListerGustav Holst HoraceGeorge Davey Whipple John MarshallWilfred Harlan Bigelow Nelson Mandela Jean-Philippe Rameau Carl Czerny CammilleLancelotSaintJohn- SaensAndrewes Jay George Whitefield Peter MaxwellJoseph Davies Smith Herbert Henson Donald Coggan Thomas Willis James Parkinson Theodor BillrothArnold SchoenbergAlexander Fleming Nigel `Sperry Johann Sebastian Bach Giacomo MeyerbeeEdward AtkynsGeorgesIsaiah Bizet PhilippeHorowitz-Antoine de DouaiWilliam RomaineA V Dicey Alfred SchnittkeRayner Goddard John Paul Stevens Carl Henry Thomas Sydenham Samuel Hahnemann Sergey BotkinCharles Ives Otto Heinrich WarburgSamuel WilberforceJonas Salk Charles H Mason Giuseppe Scarlatti Gioachino Rossini Benedikt CarpzovModesteJr CarolusMussorgskyJohn Niellius Marshall ChristianusCharlesC H van S CBowen der AaSteve ReichHans Kelsen Sydney Kentridge Billy Graham Marcello Malpighi Franz Joseph Gall Theodor KocherMaurice Ravel Georgios PapanikolaouLorenz DiefenbachJoseph RansohoffCosmo Gordon Lang George Handel Gaetano Donizetti John BradshawPyotr TchaikovskyAnne HutchinsonWillem Bilderdijk John NewtonÉdouard LaferrièrePhilip GlassFelix Frankfurter Robert F Kennedy Robert Runcie Olaf Rudbeck BulstrodeDominiqueWhitelocke Larrey Ivan PavlovBéla Bartók S. SubramaniaOtto Fritz MeyerhofIyer WilhelmWilliam Dittenberger HenryHenry Thompson Heimlich NathanRobin Söderblom Cooke Maurice Greene Franz Schubert AntoninJohn Dvorak ComeniusMaximilien de RobespierreJohn William Fletcher Hans Zimmer Werner Leich Richard Lower DavidGuillaume Mevius Dupuytren Christian FriedrichRobert Koch BazIgor StravinskyRichardFrederick Webster Banting MaryEarl Baker Warren EddyChristiaan BarnardGordon Tom BBingham Hinckley Johann Hasse Antonio Valsalva René LaennecEdvardRogerGrieg Williams Wilhelm RöntgenHirschel LevinGerhard Domagk Mahmut Gazi Yaşargil Martin Luther King Jr Edward Hyde Charles Abbott Sergei ProkofievAlfred Lawrence AlfredJohan Edersheim Hjort WilliamHarry J SeymourWoolf Lorenz Heister Wilhelm vonNikolai Ludwig JohnRimsky Bunyan-KorsakovWilliam Osler Beilby PorteusHelen Taussig David Sackett Oskar Brüsewitz Matthew Hale James Kent George GershwinFriedrich Martens HeinrichKarl Olivecrona Lang CharlesGiorgio Fox AmbrosoliParham Gabriel Fallopius James Blundell John Tillotson Peter Freyer Ann Lee Max Theiller Ralph Steinman Elisabeth Djurle Henry Singleton Jean Marie Pardessus Sergey Muromtsev WilliamHersch BoothLauterpacht HermannRuth Bader Maas Ginsburg Jean Astruc Robert Liston Robert South Barry Marshall Philip Yorke William Cabell William PaleySergei Bershadski IlarionTom RuvaracDenning YosefHugo Schneersohn Black George Carey William Cheselden Élie Benoist Shneur Za Iman Wolfgang Huber William Smellie Joseph Story Louis Dembitz Brandeis Henry Eyring WilliamGiovanni Temple Falcone JakobThomasAmmann Dennman Uno von Troil Zadoc Kahn RudolfBrenda Bultmann Hale Jonathan Sacks John SharpGustav von Ewers Johannes Gossner C I Scofield GeoffreyLouise Francis Arbour Rowan Williams JacquesJohn Basnage Campbell Charles Hodge Muhammad Ahmad H RichardIftikhar NiebuhrChaudhry Frank Chikane DanielCresswell de SupervilleCresswell William Miller Stewart Headlam MosheAndrzej Feinstein Rzepliński Gusztáv Bölcskei William Wake Edward Stanley Benjamin Warfield ElijahHelena Muhammad Kennedy Cotton Mather Maria Leer Antonio Di Pietro Aaron Hart John Keble William Brennan Henry Sacheverell Charles Finney Éric Dupond-Moretti Samuel Urlsperger Pieter Boeloes Joseph Butler John Edgar (Irish) Walter Hook Research created equivalent lists of eminent figures in each of the other professions

The 100 eminent composers

Pre 1700 18th Century 19th Century 20th Century Giovanni Palestrina Giovanni Sammartini HectorThe Berlioz 100 eminent doctors Francis Poulenc Gabriel Faure Claudio Monteverdi William Boyce Felix Mendelssohn F. Aaron Copland Leos Janacek Francesca Caccini, Christoph Gluck thRobert Schumann th William Walton th Pre 1700 18 Century Edward Elgar19 Century 20 Century Girolamo Frescobaldi Niccolò Piccinni Frederick Chopin The 100 eminentMichael Kemp lawyers Tippett Giacomo Puccini Heinrich Schütz Franz Joseph Haydn Franz Liszt Dmitri Shostakovich Ambroise Paré Carl Linnaeus Johannes GustavMüller Mahler Paul Ehrlich Charles Huggins Jean-Baptiste Lully Antonio Salieri Richard Wagner th Elliott thCarter th Andreas Vesalius JohnPre Pringle1700 18 JohnCentury SnowClaude Debussy Emil Adolf von Behring19 Century Axel Theorell 20 Century Dieterich Buxtehude Muzio Clementi Guiseppe Verdi Olivier Messiaen Gabriel Fallopius William Cullen James MarionFrederick Sims Delius SigmundThe Freud 100 eminentCharles clergy R Drew Arcangelo Corelli Wolfgang AmadeusConrad Mozart PeutingerJakob OffenbachWilliam Murray David Dudley FieldJohn Cage Clarence Darrow Oliver Wendell Holmes Hieronymus Aquapendente Percivall Pott James PagetRichard Strauss Emil Kraepelin Werner Forssmann Henry Purcell SantorioLuigiSantorio Cherubini ThomasLeopold More AuenbruggerClara SchumannGeorge AbercrombyIgnaz Semmelweis TeodolfoWilliamMertel LaneBenjamin BrittenRufus IsaacsViktor Frankl René Floriot Paul Dukas François Couperin Jan BaptistaStephenvan Helmont Storace EdmundJohn Plowden HunterAnton (& William Bruckner)JohannPre 1700 CasparJoseph Goethe Désiré Tholozan18Hughth CenturyRudolph McCalmont MatasWitoldCairnsLutosławskiCharles EvansSevero Hughes19Ochoath Century Patrick Devlin 20th Century Jean Sibelius The 100 eminent engineers Giovanni Bononcini William HarveyLudwig van BeethovenFrançoisLuigi d'Amboise GalvaniBedřich SmetanaWilliam BlackstoneHermann von HelmholtzJohnFrederick Coleridge HopkinsLeonard BernsteinJames AtkinRita Levi-Montalcini Thurgood Marshall Alberico Gentili Martin Luther Eric Satie Nathaniel Lindley Axel Hägerström Boris Meissner Antonio Caldara Ole WormNiccolò Pagannini Samuel BardJohann StraussEdward II ThurlowRudolf VirchowJohn & CharlesCharles Wesley NicolleMalcolm LarsArnoldth Levi LaestadiusIan Donald Charles Wagner th Michael Ramsey th VaughanPre Williams 1700 18 Century 19 Century 20 Century Antonio Vivaldi HermannLouis Boerhaave Spohr EdwardPierre Coke-JosephAlexander DesaultJohn Borodin CalvinJosef MonseJean-Martin CharcotJonathanVladimir EdwardsKarl LandsteinerSpasovichPierre BoulezBrighamMohandas Young Gandhi" Pim" Kolff CharlesLouis Russell Brandeis Dietrich Bonhoeffer Sergei Rachmaninoff Benjamin Franklin Georg Telemann GiovanniCarl Borelli Maria von WeberAntoinePhilippe Favre PinelJohannLucas Brahms ErnstMaius FerdinandHenry Cornelis KleinGray JohannDrebbel FormeyCharlesAlexis Russell CarrelJohn WilliamsLearned HandBernard KatzJohn FrankShabtai StevensRosenne Pier NerviAbraham Heschel James JohnBrindley Henry Newman Billy Sunday Arthur Casagrande Franciscus Sylvius Hugo EdwardGrotius Jenner LancelotJohn Andrewes Jay Joseph Cornelius ListerGustavGeorge Vermuyden Holst WhitefieldHoraceGeorge Davey Whipple John MarshallWilfred Harlan BigelowHertha AyrtonNelson Mandela RobertDonald Watson Coggan-Watt Jean-Philippe Rameau Carl Czerny Cammille Saint-Saens PeterJohn Maxwell SmeatonJoseph Davies Smith Herbert Henson Tommy Flowers Thomas Willis EdwardJames Atkyns Parkinson Isaiah PhilippeHorowitz-AntoineTheodorPierre de BillrothArnold Douai-Paul Schoenberg RiquetA V DiceyAlexander Fleming Rayner GoddardNigel `SperryNikola TeslaJohn Paul Stevens Ove Arup Johann Sebastian Bach Giacomo Meyerbee Georges Bizet William Romaine AlfredRichard SchnittkeSamuel Arkwright Wilberforce Charles H Mason Carl Henry Frank Whittle Thomas Sydenham BenediktSamuelCarpzov HahnemannJr John MarshallSergeyBlaise BotkinCharles Pascal Ives CharlesOtto S Heinrich CBowen Warburg Hans KelsenJonas Salk Henry FordSydney Kentridge Squire Whipple Giuseppe Scarlatti Gioachino Rossini ModesteCarolusMussorgsky Niellius Christianus C H van der AaSteveJames Reich LorenzWatt Diefenbach Cosmo Gordon Lang Billy Graham Wernher von Braun Marcello Malpighi John BradshawFranz Joseph Gall Willem BilderdijkTheodorChristiaan KocherMaurice Huygens RavelÉdouardGeorgiosLaferrière Papanikolaou Felix FrankfurterJoseph RansohoffOrville & WilburRobert WrightF Kennedy John Augustus Roebling George Handel Gaetano Donizetti Pyotr TchaikovskyAnne Hutchinson John Newton PhilipWilliam GlassWilhelm Jessop Dittenberger Nathan Söderblom Robert Runcie Alan Turing Olaf Rudbeck BulstrodeDominiqueWhitelocke Larrey MaximilienIvande RobespierrePavlovRobertBéla HookeBartók S. SubramaniaOtto Fritz MeyerhofIyer William HenryHenry Thompson HeimlichAlberto SantosRobin- CookeDumont Isambard Kingdom Brunel Maurice Greene Franz Schubert AntoninJohn Dvorak Comenius John William Fletcher HansAlessandro Zimmer Volta Werner Leich Jack Kilby Richard Lower DavidGuillaume Mevius Dupuytren Christian FriedrichRobertHenry Koch BazIgor Winstanley StravinskyRichardFrederick Webster Banting MaryEarl Baker Warren EddyChristiaan BarnardGuglielmoGordon TomMarconi BBingham Hinckley Cyrus McCormick Johann Hasse Antonio Valsalva René LaennecEdvardRogerGrieg Williams Wilhelm RöntgenHirschel LevinGerhard DomagkJoseph -Michel Mahmut Gazi Yaşargil Martin Luther King Jr Joseph Engelberger Edward Hyde Charles Abbott DenisSergei Papin ProkofievAlfred Lawrence AlfredJohan Edersheim Hjort WilliamWilliam TrittonHarry J SeymourWoolf William Armstrong Lorenz Heister Wilhelm vonNikolai Ludwig JohnRimsky Bunyan-KorsakovWilliam Osler Beilby PorteusHelen Taussig Montgolfier David Sackett Oskar Brüsewitz Fazlur Rahman Khan Matthew Hale James Kent ThomasGeorge Savery GershwinFriedrich Martens HeinrichKarl Olivecrona Lang RobertCharles GoddardGiorgio Fox AmbrosoliParham Henry Bessemer Gabriel Fallopius James Blundell John Tillotson Peter Freyer Max Theiller Joseph Bramah Ralph Steinman Steve Wozniak Henry Singleton Thomas AnnNewcomen Lee Sergey Muromtsev WilliamHersch BoothLauterpacht Karl VonHermann TerzaghiRuth Bader Maas GinsburgErnst WernerElisabeth Siemens Djurle Jean Astruc Robert Liston Jean Marie Pardessus Oliver Evans Barry Marshall Bill Gates Robert South Jorge PrósperoWilliamde Paley Verboom Ilarion Ruvarac ThomasYosef Brassey Schneersohn JosephGeorge Bazalgette Carey William Cheselden Philip Yorke William Cabell Sergei Bershadski Thomas TelfordTom Denning Hugo Black Tim-Berners Lee Élie Benoist John HoreShneur Za Iman Robert Mallet WilliamWolfgang Thomson Huber William Smellie Joseph Story Louis Dembitz BrandeisJohn RennieHenry theEyring elder WilliamGiovanni Temple Falcone Enrico Ferni Jakob Ammann John HarrisonUno von Troil Ludwig Colding GustavJonathan Eiffel Sacks Thomas Dennman RobertZadoc FultonKahn RudolfBrenda Bultmann Hale Hans Albert Einstein John Sharp Johannes Gossner William Rankine WilliamRowan LeBaron WilliamsJenney Gustav von Ewers Eli WhitneyC I Scofield GeoffreyLouise Francis Arbour Philo Farnsworth James Eads Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler JacquesJohn Basnage Campbell Charles Hodge BenjaminMuhammad Wright Ahmad H RichardIftikhar NiebuhrChaudhry Frank Chikane Mario Salvadori Carl Culmann Ferdinand von Zeppelin DanielCresswell de SupervilleCresswell William Miller RichardStewart Trevithick Headlam MosheAndrzej Feinstein Rzepliński Gusztáv Bölcskei Komrad Zuse Charles Hawksley William Arrol William Wake Edward Stanley Henry Maudslay Helena Kennedy Erich Reissner Benjamin Warfield VladimirElijah Shukhov Muhammad Karl Benz Cotton Mather Maria Leer George Stephenson Antonio Di Pietro Michel Virlogeux Lee de Forest Charles Van Depoele Aaron Hart Marc Séguin William Brennan John Keble Nora Stanton Blatch Barney Alexander Graham Bell Robert Stirling Éric Dupond-Moretti Henry Sacheverell Charles Finney Hardy Cross Thomas Edison Samuel Urlsperger Pieter Boeloes Michael Faraday Fritz Todt Joseph Butler John Edgar (Irish) Charles Babbage Walter Hook Joseph Henry Pierre Trésaguet Charles Minard William Dargan Research created equivalent lists of eminent figures in each of the other professions

The 100 eminent composers

Pre 1700 18th Century 19th Century 20th Century Giovanni Palestrina Giovanni Sammartini HectorThe Berlioz 100 eminent doctors Francis Poulenc Gabriel Faure Claudio Monteverdi William Boyce Felix Mendelssohn F. Aaron Copland Leos Janacek Francesca Caccini, Christoph Gluck thRobert Schumann th William Walton th Pre 1700 18 Century Edward Elgar19 Century 20 Century Girolamo Frescobaldi Niccolò Piccinni Frederick Chopin The 100 eminentMichael Kemp lawyers Tippett Giacomo Puccini Heinrich Schütz Franz Joseph Haydn Franz Liszt Dmitri Shostakovich Ambroise Paré Carl Linnaeus Johannes GustavMüller Mahler Paul Ehrlich Charles Huggins Jean-Baptiste Lully Antonio Salieri Richard Wagner th Elliott thCarter th Andreas Vesalius JohnPre Pringle1700 18 JohnCentury SnowClaude Debussy Emil Adolf von Behring19 Century Axel Theorell 20 Century Dieterich Buxtehude Muzio Clementi Guiseppe Verdi Olivier Messiaen Gabriel Fallopius William Cullen James MarionFrederick Sims Delius SigmundThe Freud 100 eminentCharles clergy R Drew Arcangelo Corelli Wolfgang AmadeusConrad Mozart PeutingerJakob OffenbachWilliam Murray David Dudley FieldJohn Cage Clarence Darrow Oliver Wendell Holmes Hieronymus Aquapendente Percivall Pott James PagetRichard Strauss Emil Kraepelin Werner Forssmann Henry Purcell SantorioLuigiSantorio Cherubini ThomasLeopold More AuenbruggerClara SchumannGeorge AbercrombyIgnaz Semmelweis TeodolfoWilliamMertel LaneBenjamin BrittenRufus IsaacsViktor Frankl René Floriot Paul Dukas François Couperin Jan BaptistaStephenvan Helmont Storace EdmundJohn Plowden HunterAnton (& William Bruckner)JohannPre 1700 CasparJoseph Goethe Désiré Tholozan18Hughth CenturyRudolph McCalmont MatasWitoldCairnsLutosławskiCharles EvansSevero Hughes19Ochoath Century Patrick Devlin 20th Century Jean Sibelius The 100 eminent engineers Giovanni Bononcini William HarveyLudwig van BeethovenFrançoisLuigi d'Amboise GalvaniBedřich SmetanaWilliam BlackstoneHermann von HelmholtzJohnFrederick Coleridge HopkinsLeonard BernsteinJames AtkinRita Levi-Montalcini Thurgood Marshall Alberico Gentili Martin Luther Eric Satie Nathaniel Lindley Axel Hägerström Boris Meissner Antonio Caldara Ole WormNiccolò Pagannini Samuel BardJohann StraussEdward II ThurlowRudolf VirchowJohn & CharlesCharles Wesley NicolleMalcolm LarsArnoldth Levi LaestadiusIan Donald Charles Wagner th Michael Ramsey th VaughanPre Williams 1700 18 Century 19 Century 20 Century Antonio Vivaldi HermannLouis Boerhaave Spohr EdwardPierre Coke-JosephAlexander DesaultJohn Borodin CalvinJosef MonseJean-Martin CharcotJonathanVladimir EdwardsKarl LandsteinerSpasovichPierre BoulezBrighamMohandas Young Gandhi" Pim" Kolff CharlesLouis Russell Brandeis Dietrich Bonhoeffer Sergei Rachmaninoff Benjamin Franklin The 100 eminent novelists Georg Telemann GiovanniCarl Borelli Maria von WeberAntoinePhilippe Favre PinelJohannLucas Brahms ErnstMaius FerdinandHenry Cornelis KleinGray JohannDrebbel FormeyCharlesAlexis Russell CarrelJohn WilliamsLearned HandBernard KatzJohn FrankShabtai StevensRosenne Pier NerviAbraham Heschel James JohnBrindley Henry Newman Billy Sunday Arthur Casagrande Franciscus Sylvius Hugo EdwardGrotius Jenner LancelotJohn Andrewes Jay Joseph Cornelius ListerGustavGeorge Vermuyden Holst WhitefieldHoraceGeorge Davey Whipple John MarshallWilfred Harlan BigelowHertha AyrtonNelson Mandela RobertDonald Watson Coggan-Watt Jean-Philippe Rameau Carl Czerny Cammille Saint-Saens PeterJohn Maxwell SmeatonJoseph Davies Smith Herbert Henson Tommy Flowers Thomas Willis EdwardJames Atkyns Parkinson Isaiah PhilippeHorowitz-AntoineTheodorPierre de BillrothArnold Douai-Paul Schoenberg RiquetA V DiceyAlexander Fleming Rayner GoddardNigel `SperryNikola TeslaJohn Paul Stevens Ove Arup Johann Sebastian Bach Giacomo Meyerbee Georges Bizet William Romaine AlfredRichard SchnittkeSamuel Arkwright Wilberforce Charles H Mason Carl Henry Frank Whittle Thomas Sydenham BenediktSamuelCarpzov HahnemannJr John MarshallSergeyBlaise BotkinCharles Pascal Ives CharlesOtto S Heinrich CBowen Warburg Hans KelsenJonas Salk Henry FordSydney Kentridge Squire Whipple Giuseppe Scarlatti Gioachino Rossini ModesteCarolusMussorgsky Niellius Christianus C H van der AaSteveJames Reich LorenzWatt Diefenbach Cosmo Gordon Lang Billy Graham Wernher von Braun Marcello Malpighi John BradshawFranz Joseph Gall Willem BilderdijkTheodorChristiaan KocherMaurice Huygens RavelÉdouardGeorgiosLaferrière Papanikolaou Felix FrankfurterJoseph RansohoffOrville & WilburRobert WrightF Kennedy John Augustus Roebling George Handel Gaetano Donizetti Pyotr TchaikovskyAnne Hutchinson John Newton PhilipWilliam GlassWilhelm Jessop Dittenberger Nathan Söderblom Robert Runcie Alan Turing Olaf Rudbeck BulstrodeDominiqueWhitelocke Larrey MaximilienIvande RobespierrePavlovRobertBéla HookeBartók S. SubramaniaOtto Fritz MeyerhofIyer William HenryHenry Thompson HeimlichAlberto SantosRobin- CookeDumont Isambard Kingdom Brunel Maurice Greene Franz Schubert AntoninJohn Dvorak Comenius John William Fletcher HansAlessandro Zimmer Volta Werner Leich Jack Kilby Richard Lower DavidGuillaume Mevius Dupuytren Christian FriedrichRobertHenry Koch BazIgor Winstanley StravinskyRichardFrederick Webster Banting MaryEarl Baker Warren EddyChristiaan BarnardGuglielmoGordon TomMarconi BBingham Hinckley Cyrus McCormick Johann Hasse Antonio Valsalva René LaennecEdvardRogerGrieg Williams Wilhelm RöntgenHirschel LevinGerhard DomagkJoseph -Michel Mahmut Gazi Yaşargil Martin Luther King Jr Joseph Engelberger Edward Hyde Charles Abbott DenisSergei Papin ProkofievAlfred Lawrence AlfredJohan Edersheim Hjort WilliamWilliam TrittonHarry J SeymourWoolf William Armstrong Lorenz Heister Wilhelm vonNikolai Ludwig JohnRimsky Bunyan-KorsakovWilliam Osler Beilby PorteusHelen Taussig Montgolfier David Sackett Oskar Brüsewitz Fazlur Rahman Khan Matthew Hale James Kent ThomasGeorge Savery GershwinFriedrich Martens HeinrichKarl Olivecrona Lang RobertCharles GoddardGiorgio Fox AmbrosoliParham Henry Bessemer Gabriel Fallopius James Blundell John Tillotson Peter Freyer Max Theiller Joseph Bramah Ralph Steinman Steve Wozniak Henry Singleton Thomas AnnNewcomen Lee Sergey Muromtsev WilliamHersch BoothLauterpacht Karl VonHermann TerzaghiRuth Bader Maas GinsburgErnst WernerElisabeth Siemens Djurle Jean Astruc Robert Liston Jean Marie Pardessus Oliver Evans Barry Marshall Bill Gates Robert South Jorge PrósperoWilliamde Paley Verboom Ilarion Ruvarac ThomasYosef Brassey Schneersohn JosephGeorge Bazalgette Carey William Cheselden Philip Yorke William Cabell Sergei Bershadski Thomas TelfordTom Denning Hugo Black Tim-Berners Lee Élie Benoist John HoreShneur Za Iman Robert Mallet WilliamWolfgang Thomson Huber William Smellie Joseph Story Louis Dembitz BrandeisJohn RennieHenry theEyring elder WilliamGiovanni Temple Falcone Enrico Ferni Jakob Ammann John HarrisonUno von Troil Ludwig Colding GustavJonathan Eiffel Sacks Thomas Dennman RobertZadoc FultonKahn RudolfBrenda Bultmann Hale Hans Albert Einstein John Sharp Johannes Gossner William Rankine WilliamRowan LeBaron WilliamsJenney Gustav von Ewers Eli WhitneyC I Scofield GeoffreyLouise Francis Arbour Philo Farnsworth James Eads Gottlieb Wilhelm Daimler JacquesJohn Basnage Campbell Charles Hodge BenjaminMuhammad Wright Ahmad H RichardIftikhar NiebuhrChaudhry Frank Chikane Mario Salvadori Carl Culmann Ferdinand von Zeppelin DanielCresswell de SupervilleCresswell William Miller RichardStewart Trevithick Headlam MosheAndrzej Feinstein Rzepliński Gusztáv Bölcskei Komrad Zuse Charles Hawksley William Arrol William Wake Edward Stanley Henry Maudslay Helena Kennedy Erich Reissner Benjamin Warfield VladimirElijah Shukhov Muhammad Karl Benz Cotton Mather Maria Leer George Stephenson Antonio Di Pietro Michel Virlogeux Lee de Forest Charles Van Depoele Aaron Hart Marc Séguin William Brennan John Keble Nora Stanton Blatch Barney Alexander Graham Bell Robert Stirling Éric Dupond-Moretti Henry Sacheverell Charles Finney Hardy Cross Thomas Edison Samuel Urlsperger Pieter Boeloes Michael Faraday Fritz Todt Joseph Butler John Edgar (Irish) Charles Babbage Walter Hook Joseph Henry Pierre Trésaguet Charles Minard William Dargan Composer Richard Strauss’s Family:

• Father was principal horn player in the F. Franz M. Josepha Munich Court Opera orchestra Strauss (née Pschorr) • During his boyhood Strauss attended his father’s orchestra rehearsals and had tuition

• Mother from a wealthy brewing company family. Richard W. Pauline She was musical e.g. she transcribed Richard’s Strauss (née de Ahna ) early compositions 1864-1949

• Richard married an operatic soprano S. Franz D in L. Alice (née von • They had one son who became a lawyer. Strauss Grab-Hermannswörth) There is no record of him being musical A better understanding of a composers’ family musical ties:

• Strong Tie: One or both parents* were professional musicians

• Medium Tie: A parent was an accomplished amateur musician OR a close senior relative was a professional musician

• Low Tie: A parent in the arts or related education, or a musical household • No Tie: The parents and family had little or no ties to music

Composer Strong Medium Low No Score Richard Strauss ✓ These ratings then 10 Jean Sibelius put into a score 7 ✓ on the strength Maurice Ravel 3 ✓ of family musical tie George Frederick Handel ✓ 0

* or related guardian on parents death Equivalent link criteria formed for the other 5 professions Strong musical tie

Medium musical tie Composer George Frideric Handel’s Family: Composer No Low musical tie G. F. Handel ✓ No musical tie • George’s father was an eminent barber surgeon Unknown • His father’s second wife, George’s mother, was daughter of a Lutheran Pastor and widow of a barber surgeon. No indication she was musical F. Georg M. Dorothea Händel (née Taust) • Scant information on the composers childhood other than he pursued a career in music despite his father’s vehement disapproval George Frideric • George did not marry or have children Handel 1685-1759 Careers of the 100 composers’ parents

Fathers’ careers… 35 Composers/Professional Musicians* 6 Aristocrats/Nobles 1 Butcher 6 Doctors/Dentist 1 Cabinet Maker 5 Engineers/Inventors 1 Chemist Mothers’ impact… 5 Schoolmasters 1 Civil Servant 2 Composers/Professional Musicians* 5 Merchants/Wholesalers 1 Clerk 4 Shopkeepers 1 Farmer 13 had a significant musical influence 3 Clergyman 1 Foreman 2 Army Officers 1 Forrester Guardian/Senior Relatives’ impact… 2 Bankers 1 Grocer professional musicians having major 7 2 Innkeepers 1 Novelist musical influence on the composer 2 Factory owners 1 Pawnbroker 2 Lawyers 1 Property Tycoon 2 Shoemakers 1 Silversmith 1 Agronomist 1 Translator * Parent or close-relative guardian if both parents early death. 1 Baker 1 Wheelwright 1 Brewer 1 Wigmaker In 1 case, both parents were professional musicians In the blood? Summary comparison of family career-following, by profession:

To what extent did their profession link to their family careers? All same career

5.5 / 10 4.7 / 10 4.1 / 10 3.2 / 10 2.6 / 10 2.4 / 10

No linkage Composers Clergy Lawyers Engineers Doctors Novelists

• Eminent composers and clergy strongly follow in the family careers • Eminent lawyer are moderately strong in following family careers. Engineers less so • Eminent Doctors and, particularly, Novelists rarely come from families who have author heritage • Other factors: wealth, privilege, nationality (and accuracy of data and its categorisation) may well be key influences

Margin of Error @10% if use a random population of 1000 @ 95% confidence level Overall, family career links of eminent figures are in slow decline but varies by profession:

High link

Across the professions, how has ties to family career changed COMPOSER LAWYER

CLERGY NOVELIST

No link pre 1700 18th century 19th century 20th century

DOCTOR ENGINEER

Total sample size 600 eminent people across 6 professions