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Open Letter to the Peoples of Europe, the European Union, EU Member States and Their Representatives on the Justice and Home Affairs Council

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Open Letter to the Peoples of Europe, the European Union, EU Member States and Their Representatives on the Justice and Home Affairs Council Open Letter to the peoples of Europe, the European Union, EU Member States and their representatives on the Justice and Home Affairs Council 28th September 2015 We, the undersigned international lawyers, gathered at the European Society of International Law 11th Annual Meeting in Oslo on 12th September 2015, and other international law scholars and experts, condemn the failure to offer protection to people seeking refuge in Europe, and the lack of respect for the human rights of those seeking refuge. In particular, we express our horror at the human rights violations being perpetrated against those seeking refuge, in particular the acts of violence, unjustified coercion and arbitrary detention. We note that European states have obligations not only to refugees and migrants on their territories, but that international refugee law rests on international responsibility sharing. The world’s refugees are disproportionately outside Europe. We note that over nine-tenths of Syrian refugees are in five countries, Turkey, Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt and Iraq. We note that around one quarter of Lebanon’s population comprises refugees. We note that all European states have obligations not only to refugees as defined under the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees, but also to those protected against return under international human rights law and customary international law. We note that this broad duty of non-refoulement protects all those at real risk of serious human rights violations if returned. They should be afforded international protection. EU Member States have further obligations under EU law. We urge European states and the EU to alleviate the humanitarian crisis, prevent further loss of life in dangerous journeys to Europe by providing safe passage, and live up to their obligations in international and EU law. We recall the legacy of Fridtjof Nansen, the first League of Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the initiator of the Nansen passport, created to facilitate the safe passage and legal migration opportunities for refugees and stateless persons. We urge European states and the EU to: - meet their obligations of international responsibility-sharing, to resettle significant numbers of refugees and provide aid to countries hosting large numbers of refugees. - as regards those seeking protection in Europe, abandon those policies which prevent safe and legal access to protection. The UNHCR estimates over 2,860 people have died at sea trying to get to Europe this year alone. Suspending carrier sanctions and issuing humanitarian visas would largely prevent the need for those seeking refuge to make dangerous journeys. - respect and protect the human rights of those seeking refuge once they are in Europe, including by enabling them to access asylum procedures or ensuring safe passage to countries where they wish to seek international protection. - immediately suspend Dublin returns of asylum-seekers to their first point of entry, but ensure that its rules on family reunification are implemented fully and swiftly. - relocate asylum-seekers and refugees in a manner that respects the dignity and agency of those relocated, and increases Europe’s capacity to offer protection. - replace the Dublin System with one which accords with international human rights law and respects the dignity and autonomy of asylum-seekers, and supports international and intra- European responsibility-sharing. - implement fair and swift procedures to recognize all those in need of international protection. - while claims are being examined, afford those in need of international protection, at a minimum, the reception conditions to which they are entitled in international human rights and EU law. - respect the right to family life, including positive obligations with regard to family unity, facilitation of swift family reunification and family tracing. - treat all refugees, asylum-seekers and migrants with dignity and respect, respecting and protecting their human rights, irrespective of status. Başak Çalı, Center for Global Public Law, Koç University Cathryn Costello, Refugee Studies Centre, University of Oxford Guy Goodwin-Gill, All Souls College, University of Oxford Ralph Wilde, University College London Adel Abdullin, Kazan Federal University David Abraham, School of Law, University of Miami Diego Acosta, University of Bristol Paola Andrea Acosta Alvarado, Universidad Externado de Colombia Siobhan Airey, University of Ottawa Marjan Ajevski, Central European University Rajnaara Akhtar, University of Warwick Susan Akram, Boston University Marina Aksenova, University of Copenhagen Alberto Alemanno, HEC Paris Chrysa Alexandraki, University of Oslo & PluriCourts Ana Silvia Alfonzo, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Rosa Ana Alija Fernández, Universitat de Barcelona Zoi Aliozi, National University of Ireland Jessica Almqvist, Autonóma University of Madrid Antonio Alvarez, International Criminal Court Alessia Alvino, Rome Olufemi Amao, Sussex Law School, University of Sussex Cesla Amarelle, Université de Neuchâtel Cyril Amberg, Graduate Institute of International Studies Jennifer Ang, The Open University in Scotland Deborah Anker, Harvard Law School, Harvard University (for identification purposes only) Maria Jose Añon, University of Valencia (Spain) Fahad Ansari, Duncan Lewis Solicitors Don Anton, Griffith Law School, Griffith University Jelena Aparac, University Paris Ouest Nanterre Betsy Apple, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University Maria Chiara Arca, Associazione per gli Studi Giuridici sull’Immigrazione (ASGI) Sabrineh Ardalan, Harvard Law School, Harvard University (for identification purposes only) Marie Aronsson-Storrier, University of Reading Engin Arslan, Altadvocaten, immigration lawyers Bojana Asanovic, Lamb Building (Barristers’ chambers) Richard Ashcroft, Queen Mary University of London Alexandre Aslanian, European Legal Network on Asylum (ELENA), France Mariano Aznar, Universitat Jaume I Nika Bacic Selanec, Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb Jelena Baeumler, University of Rostock Başak Bağlayan, Luxembourg University Cecilia Bailliet, University of Oslo Edlira Baka-Peço, Albania Asli Bali, School of Law, University of California, Los Angeles Rick Ball, University of the West of England Alessandra Ballerini, Studio Legale Alanna Almeida Bandeira, Olea Anna Baracchi, Associazione per gli Studi Giuridici sull’Immigrazione (ASGI) Marianne Barreto Fonseca Antunes de Oliveira, Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo Marija Bartl, University of Amsterdam Tugba Basaran, University of Kent Marie-Laure Basilien-Gainche, University Jean Moulin Lyon 3 Jurgen Bast, University of Giessen Filipe Brito Bastos, European University Institute Céline Bauloz, University of Fribourg Moritz Baumgärtel, Université Libre de Bruxelles Francoise Baylis, Dalhousie University Diana Baxter, Wesley Gryk Solicitors Julija Brsakoska Bazerkoska, Saints Cyril and Methodius University Ana Beduschi, University of Exeter Daniel Behn, PluriCourts, University of Oslo Sara Bengtson, Raoul Wallenberg Institute for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law Shauna Benson, Solicitor Jessica Benvenutti-Houriez, Avocats sans Frontières Tarald Laudal Berge, PluriCourts, University of Oslo Sarah Berger Richardson, Faculty of Law, McGill University Lucía Berro Pizzarossa, University of Groningen Daniel Bertolucci Torres, Caritas Arquidiocesana, São Paulo Chaloka Beyani, London School of Economics Maria Bexelius, Uppsala University Jacqueline Bhabha, Harvard University (for identification purposes only) Neha Bhat, International Catholic Migration Commission (ICMC) & United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Kinnari Bhatt, School of Law, University of Greenwich Giuseppe Bianco, University of Oslo & Université Panthéon-Sorbonne Anouk Biersteker, Vrije Universiteit Julian Bild, Solicitor Eirik Bjorge, University of Oxford Andrea Bjorklund, Faculty of Law, McGill University Erik Stefano Carlo Bodda, Bodda & Partners Law Firm Pieter Boeles, VU University Amsterdam Lianne Boer, VU University Amsterdam Alan Bogg, University of Oxford Syd Bolton, Child rights lawyer Blaine Bookey, Center for Gender & Refugee Studies, University of California Hastings Adriana Bonomo, Food and Agriculture Organization Florian Borg, Syndicat des Avocats de France (SAF) Arlette Borgdorff, International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) Rada Boric, Centre for Women's Studies Marcel Bosonnet, Rechtsanwalt Mary Bosworth, University of Oxford Paul Bourgues, Université Grenoble-Alpes Samuel Boutruche, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Caterina Bove, Associazione per gli Studi Giuridici sull’Immigrazione (ASGI) India Reed Bowers, International Organization for Self-Determination and Equality (IOSDE) Mark Bowman, Brent Community Law Centre Bill Bowring, Birkbeck College, University of London Martha Bradley, University of Pretoria Eva Brems, Ghent University Anna Marie Brennan, University of Liverpool John Brick, Johnston Solicitors Catherine Briddick, University of Oxford Ruth Brittle, University of Nottingham Evelien Brouwer, VU University Amsterdam Ina Brouwer, Bellius Lawyers Eddie Bruce-Jones, Birkbeck College, School of Law, University of London Arthur Brunner, University of Zurich Giovanni Carlo Bruno, National Research Council of Italy Susan Bryant, Garden Court Chambers Kim Shayo Buchanan, University of Southern California Johannes Buchheim, Yale Law School Andrea Buffa, Arci - L'altro diritto Roberta Buhagiar, United
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