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Das Asiatische Kino Der 1990Er Jahre

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Das Asiatische Kino Der 1990Er Jahre Lukas Böck Das asiatische Kino der 1990er Jahre Diplomarbeit „Das asiatische Kino der 1990er Jahre.“ Ausgeführt zum Zweck der Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dipl. Ing. (FH) Telekommunikation und Medien am Fachhochschul-Diplomstudiengang Telekommunikation und Medien St. Pölten unter der Erstbetreuung von Dr. Arnulf Eggers Zweitbegutachtung ausgeführt von Dipl.-Ing. Franz Zotlöterer Lukas Böck tm021013 Wien, am 10.08.2007 Unterschrift: Seite 1 Lukas Böck Das asiatische Kino der 1990er Jahre Ehrenwörtliche Erklärung Ich versichere, dass - ich diese Diplomarbeit selbständig verfasst, andere als die angegebenen Quellen und Hilfsmittel nicht benutzt und mich auch sonst keiner unerlaubten Hilfe bedient habe. - ich dieses Diplomarbeitsthema bisher weder im Inland, noch im Ausland einem Begutachter/einer Begutachterin zur Beurteilung, oder in irgendeiner Form als Prüfungsarbeit vorgelegt habe. Diese Arbeit stimmt mit der von den Begutachtern beurteilten Arbeit überein. ---------------------- -------------------------------- Ort, Datum Unterschrift Seite 2 Lukas Böck Das asiatische Kino der 1990er Jahre Danke an: Dr. Arnulf Eggers, Dr. Alois Frotschnig Beate Mungenast, Christian Reiner, Hannes Böck und Jun Yang Seite 3 Lukas Böck Das asiatische Kino der 1990er Jahre Zusammenfassung Die Vorliegende Arbeit zielt darauf ab, Einblick in die Befindlichkeiten des asiatischen Kinos des ausgehenden 20. Jahrhunderts zu gewähren. Es wird der Versuch unternommen, anhand der historisch-politischen, künstlerischen und wirtschaflichen Rahmenbedingungen zu erklären, warum dieser Kulturkreis im Allgemeinen, und einzelne Nationalstaaten im Besonderen, für sie charakteristische Filme produzieren, die mittlerweile auch ein breites westliches Publikum erreichen. Exemplarisch wird hier auf Filmproduktion Südkoreas, Japans und Chinas eingegangen, bei denen jeweils andere Themenkomplexe auf das filmische Schaffen der Gegenwart wirken. Abstract This thesis aims to shed light on various issues in Asian Cinema in the late 20th century. It is an attempt to explain the movies produced in this culture Group in general and by certain nation-states in particular, that now reach a broader western audience, in regard to their historical, political, artistic and economic framework. The focus will rest primarily on examples from South-Korea, Japan and China, countries in which completely different factors help to shape the cinematic output of the present. Seite 4 Lukas Böck Das asiatische Kino der 1990er Jahre Inhaltsverzeichnis I.U U EinleitungU U ....................................................................................... 8 I|1U U DefinitionU des ErkenntnisgegenstandesU ....................................................9 I|2U U ProblembenennungU U.................................................................................10 I|3U U ZielU und Aufbau der ArbeitU ......................................................................10 I|4U U ForschungsleitendeU FragestellungU ..........................................................11 I|5U U HypothesenU U.............................................................................................11 II.U U Süd-KoreaU U .................................................................................... 12 II|1U U DasU Trauma der Japanischen AnnexionU .................................................12 II|2U U DerU Korea KriegU ......................................................................................14 II|3U U DieU Jahrzehnte der DiktaturU ....................................................................16 II|4U U AufbruchU in die FreiheitU ...........................................................................18 II|5U U DieU kulturelle ÖffnungU .............................................................................19 II|6U U DerU Politische Wille zum KinoU .................................................................20 II|7U U DerU Eintritt der Cheabol in FilmgeschäftU .................................................21 II|8U U DerU Rückzug der ChaebolU.......................................................................23 II|9U U RisikokapitalU U............................................................................................24 II|10U U InternationalesU InteresseU.........................................................................25 II|11U U FilmbesprechungenU U ................................................................................30 II|11.1U U 2009U – Lost MemoriesU .....................................................................30 II|11.2U U JointU Security AreaU...........................................................................32 II|11.3U U BrotherhoodU U .....................................................................................34 III.U U JapanU U ........................................................................................ 37 III|1U U DasU entstehen einer Neuen KunstformU ...................................................38 Seite 5 Lukas Böck Das asiatische Kino der 1990er Jahre III|2U U DasU Erbe des TheatersU ...........................................................................41 III|3U U DieU BenshiU ..............................................................................................44 III|4U U DieU Vorkriegszeit, ein erstes goldenes ZeitalterU ......................................47 III|5U U DerU Japanische Film im Zweiten WeltkriegU .............................................51 III|6U U DieU Amerikanische BesatzungU ................................................................53 III|7U U DieU 50er Jahre, ein zweites goldenes ZeitalterU .......................................54 III|8U U DieU Krise der 60er und 70er JahreU ..........................................................57 III|9U U DerU Zusammenbruch der Studios in den 80er JahrenU ............................59 III|10U U DerU Independent Film der 90er JahreU..................................................61 III|11U U DasU Phänomen Kitano TakeshiU ...........................................................62 III|12U U FilmbesprechungenU U .............................................................................63 III|12.1U U DollsU U.................................................................................................63 III|12.2U U BloodU and BonesU .............................................................................66 IV.U U ChinaU U ........................................................................................ 70 IV|1U U DieU Anfänge des Films in ChinaU..............................................................70 IV|2U U DieU 30er und 40er Jahre, Japanische Invasion und BürgerkriegU ............75 IV|3U U DasU Sozialistische Kino 1949 bis 1978U ...................................................79 IV|4U U DieU Rückkehr von Kommerz und Kunst in den 80er und 90er JahrenU ....83 IV|5U U FilmbesprechungenU U ................................................................................87 IV|5.1U U XiaoU WuU ...........................................................................................88 IV|5.2U U FarewellU my ConcubineU ...................................................................90 IV|5.3U U HeroU U .................................................................................................93 V.U U ZusammenfassungU U ................................................................... 97 V|1U U BeantwortungU der forschungsleitenden FragestellungU ............................97 V|2U U ÜberprüfungU der HypothesenU..................................................................98 Seite 6 Lukas Böck Das asiatische Kino der 1990er Jahre V|3U U ReflexionU und AusblickU..........................................................................100 VI.U U AnhangU U ................................................................................... 101 VI|1U U GlossarU U .................................................................................................101 VI|2U U AbkürzungsverzeichnisU U .........................................................................105 VI|3U U LiteraturverzeichnisU U ...............................................................................106 VI|3.1U U BücherU U .......................................................................................................106 VI|3.2U U InternetquellenU U .........................................................................................107 VI|3.3U U PdfsU U ...........................................................................................................110 VI|4U U AbbildungsverzeichnisU U ..........................................................................111 Seite 7 Lukas Böck Das asiatische Kino der 1990er Jahre Einleitung Fotografie ist die Wahrheit. Kino ist die Wahrheit 24 mal in der Sekunde. Jean-Luc Godard [www|wiki|quote] Die Entscheidung für das Thema dieser Arbeit habe ich zunächst auf einer rein emotionalen Ebene gefällt. Eigentlich kann man hierbei kaum von einer Entscheidung sprechen. Eher war mir instinktiv klar, dass, wenn ich mich einem Thema für Monate verschreiben sollte, dies der asiatische Film der Jetztzeit zu sein hätte. Dieser übt auf mich dank seiner Frische und Andersartigkeit, im Gegensatz zum westlichen Kino der Moderne, seit Jahren eine magische Anziehungskraft auf mich aus. Erst im Verlauf der Arbeit wurde mir der Grund bewusst, warum ich mich für dieses Thema entschieden hatte. Er liegt in den Fragen die sich diese Gesellschaften
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