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Viktor Rydberg Dikter Viktor Rydberg Dikter SVENSKA KLASSIKER utgivna av svenska akademien rydberg dikter Viktor Rydberg Dikter Under redaktion av Örjan Lindberger och med inledning av Lars Forssell SVENSKA KLASSIKER utgivna av svenska akademien i samverkan med bokförlaget atlantis Viktor Rydberg Dikter. Atlantis, Stockholm © 1996 inledning: Lars Forssell och Svenska Akademien textversion, kommentarer och ordförklaringar: Örjan Lindberger och Svenska Akademien formgivning och typografi: Anders Ljungman och Johan Melbi pdf-generering: Brimer Media och Megin Media, 2002 Innehåll Lars Forssell: Vår sista humanist ................................ vii dikter 1882 Spillror ...................................................... 5 Kantat vid jubelfest-promotionen i Uppsala den 6 september 1877 ......................................... 7 Träsnittet i psalmboken ........................................ 11 Dexippos ..................................................... 17 Antinous ..................................................... 23 Hesiodos’ råd ................................................. 24 I klostercellen ................................................ 25 Oro ......................................................... 26 Skogsrået .................................................... 30 Snöfrid ....................................................... 33 Baldersbålet .................................................. 37 Vaknen! ...................................................... 39 Korpen ....................................................... 40 En blomma ................................................... 44 Svårmodets son ............................................... 45 Lyss till granen vid din moders hydda! ........................... 45 Drömmaren .................................................. 46 Vattenplask ................................................... 46 Vadan och varthän? ............................................ 47 Vi ses igen .................................................... 49 De badande barnen ............................................ 51 Drömliv ...................................................... 52 Kyssen ....................................................... 56 Höstkväll ..................................................... 56 Älvan till flickan ............................................... 57 Klockorna .................................................... 59 Din sorg är din ................................................ 61 Den flygande holländaren ...................................... 61 Tomten ....................................................... 69 På floden ..................................................... 72 Vinst och förlust ............................................... 73 Det döda barnet till det levande ................................. 73 Prometeus och Ahasverus ...................................... 80 Nero och ljungelden .......................................... 108 dikter andra samlingen 1891 Psyke ....................................................... 129 Barndomspoesien ............................................ 129 Jungfru Maria i rosengård ..................................... 133 I natten ..................................................... 134 På verandan vid havet ......................................... 135 Modern ..................................................... 136 Klockringning ............................................... 136 Allmakt och ödmjukhet ....................................... 140 Arv från Kaos ................................................ 140 Grubblaren .................................................. 141 Lukanus marterad ............................................ 149 Den nya Grottesången ........................................ 151 Efterskrift till den nya Grottesången ............................ 176 Till ödet ..................................................... 185 Harpolekaren och hans son .................................... 186 Betlehems stjärna ............................................. 188 Fåfäng skönhetssträvan ....................................... 189 Till Österland ................................................ 190 Cesarernas visdom ............................................ 192 Loreley ..................................................... 192 Livslust och livsleda .......................................... 193 Vårdträdet ................................................... 205 sista dikter 1895 Himlens blå .................................................. 217 Vandringsmän ............................................... 218 Kommentarer och ordförklaringar ................................ 223 Vår sista humanist av Lars Forssell 1888 tryckte den socialdemokratiska pionjären Axel Daniels- son i Malmötidningen Arbetet en artikel som hette »Till världs- alltets upphovsman«. Det är knappast någon av denna märkliga journalists bästa insatser, en flammande diatrib över Herre Min Skapare som behandlar det gamla teodicéproblemet och frågar sig hur det kommer sig att Den Gode Guden kan ha skapat en värld som rymmer så mycket ont. Men Danielssons mörka gyckel med Gud och Gudsbegrep- pet störde Överheten och författaren åtalades av den sittande justitieministern (som hette Bergström). Danielsson fälldes av juryn i Malmö tingsrätt och dömdes till fängelse i ett och ett halvt år för sin gudlösa uppsats och »flere andra tryckfrihets- förseelser«. Hela denna med dagens ögon närmast antediluvianska rätte- gång skulle ha förblivit en dyster fotnot i socialdemokratins tidiga annaler, där Danielsson var en förgrundsgestalt, om inte Hjalmar Branting hade velat annorlunda. Han tryckte av den redan fällda artikeln i den stockholmska Social-Demokraten, där han var chefredaktör och ansvarig utgivare, uppenbarligen i hopp om att artikeln skulle frikännas i huvudstaden. Därmed skulle ett löjets skimmer falla över Skånes Kråkvinkel, Malmö, och möjligheterna skulle öka för Axel Danielsson som begärt nåd eller ett avsevärt mildrat straff hos Högsta domstolen. Juryn i Stockholm – det litade Branting på – »vore ändå icke blott ett kreatur för religionsförföljelsen«. Av rätten valdes Viktor Rydberg in i denna jury. Och därmed får denna tryckfrihetsstrid inte bara ett allmänt litteraturhistoriskt symbolvärde utan det kastar också ett klara- vii lars forssell re scenljus över Viktor Rydbergs samtidigt eggande och gäck- ande personlighet. Det blev sålunda inte alls som Hjalmar Branting hade tänkt sig. På goda grunder kan man anta att Viktor Rydberg tillhörde den majoritet som röstade mot. Branting fälldes och dömdes till tre och en halv månads fängelse. Nu bröt stormen lös, framför allt bland socialdemokraterna men också bland meningsfränder hos vänsterliberalerna, som sett upp till Viktor Rydberg som till Frälsaren (det är faktiskt ingen överdrift). Rydberg var ett fä som svikit sin ungdoms sociala och biblis- ka ideal. Han hade visat sig tillhöra de maktens kreatur som enligt Brantings tro alla var bosatta i Malmö. Det är självklart att Rydberg förstod att hans handling – eller val, för att använda ett, jämte »fähund«, av existentialismens honnörsord – kunde uppfattas som en provokation av dem som läst honom fel. Men att somliga som läst honom rätt – och allt- så bör ha uppfattat att hans kristna tro för honom var helig mark – också utsatte honom för bittert klander, det måste ha gjort honom mycket illa. Han hade själv fyra år tidigare skisse- rat ett lagförslag, för vilket han bara lyckats förvärva fattiga tre underskrifter, som ville skydda alla religioner från att utsättas för spott och spe. Lagförslaget var framför allt riktat mot lan- dets statligt anställda överstepräster som skamlöst framställde de växande frireligiösa grupperna och deras ledare som narrar och bondfångare. Rydberg kunde ju knappast förutse att han rekommenderade en lag som hundra år senare kunde fällt Rushdies svenska förläggare – men det bör kanske nämnas. Överhuvudtaget var Rydberg trött och irriterad på alla hädel- se- och religionsrättegångar och han skulle – det framgår av hans brev – om också motvilligt ha frikänt Strindberg för hans muntra gyckel med nattvardsvinet i »Giftas«. Dessutom var viii vår sista humanist det en gång nära att han själv blivit åtalad för hädelse i sam- band med »Bibelns lära om Kristus« 1862, där han menade att Jesus borde dyrkas som den fulländade människan, Människo- sonen, och gick till attack mot Treenighetstanken och Den Helige Ande som han ansåg var kyrkomötenas fritt kringirran- de hjärnspöken. Gudstron, ja, säg barnatron, skyddade Rydberg hela sitt liv mot blåst som barnet ett tänt ljus, därför att det var det enda ljus han hade i sin mörka tankevärld. Hans poesi äger ofta en nästan förkrossande svärta: Ur nattomhöljda tider emot ett mål, fördolt för dig, o mänsklighet, du skrider i sekler fram din ökenstig! Din dag är blott en strimma, som lyser blek och matt – se, framom henne dimma och bakom henne natt! Och släkten, där du tågar, i öknen segna ned, och bävande du frågar: allsmäktige, vart bär min led? Så börjar den åtminstone fordomtima så berömda kantaten vid jubelfestpromotionen i Uppsala. Och kören slutar: Du hörer röster ropa: allt är förgängelse, och tid och rum tillhopa ett hemskt oändligt fängelse. Kan man tänka sig mörkare? Det enda ljus som skimrar i detta mörker är Trons och Evig- hetstankens, som i sin tur tänder Förnuftets. Och under denna kulna rymd skall Förnuftet till slut segra med den lidande Gudens hjälp. Så tänkte Viktor Rydberg och han kunde inte annat. ix lars forssell Är det då så underligt att han fann Axel Danielssons
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