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Studeis in the History and Archaeology of Jordan Xii المملكة األردنية الهاشمية رقم اإليداع لدى دائرة المكتبة الوطنية )2004/5/1119(

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STUDEIS IN THE HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF JORDAN XII المملكة اﻷردنية الهاشمية رقم اﻹيداع لدى دائرة المكتبة الوطنية )2004/5/1119( 565.039 Jordan Department of Antiquities Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan Amman: The Department, 2004. Vol. VIII. Deposit No.: 1119/5/2004. Descriptors:\Jordanian History \ Antiquities \\ Studies \\ Archaeology \ \ Conferences \ * تم إعداد بيانات الفهرسة والتصنيف اﻷولية من قبل دائرة المكتبات الوطنية STUDEIS IN THE HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF JORDAN XII Department of Antiquities Amman- Jordan HIS MAJESTY KING ABDULLAH THE SECOND IBN AL-HUSSEIN OF THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE AL-HUSSEIN BIN ABDULLAH THE SECOND HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE EL-HASSAN BIN TALAL THE HASHEMITE KINGDOM OF JORDAN STUDEIS IN THE HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF JORDAN XII Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan Published by the Department of Antiquities, P.O.Box 88, ʻAmman 11118 Jordan Editorial Board Chief Dr. Monther Jamhawi Deputy Chief Editor Jihad Haron Editing Manager Dr. Ismail Melhem Editorial Board Hanadi Al-Taher Samia Khouri Arwa Masa'deh Najeh Hamdan Osama Eid English Text Revised by Dr. Alexander Wasse STUDIES IN THE HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY OF JORDAN XII: TRANSPARENT BORDERS Contents LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 17 Maura Sala 117 SYSTEM OF TRANSLITERATION 19 THE CERAMIC ENSEMBLE FROM TABLE OF CONFERENCES 20 THE EB IIIB PALACE B AT KHIRBAT SPEECHES 21 AL-BATRAWI (NORTH-CENTRAL JORDAN): A PRELIMINARY REPORT HRH, Prince El-Hassan Bin Talal 21 IN THE CONTEXT OF EBA PALES- Presenting 29 TINE AND TRANSJORDAN A. J. Nabulsi and P. Schönrock-Nabulsi 31 Lorenzo Nigro 135 KHIRBAT AS-SAMRA CEMETERY: A KHIRBAT AL-BATRAWI 2010-2013: QUESTION OF DATING THE CITY DEFENSES AND THE PAL- ACE OF COPPER AXES Dr Ignacio Arce, Dr Denis Feissel, Dr 35 Detlev Kreikenbom and Dr Thomas Ma- Susanne Kerner 155 ria Weber THE EXCAVATIONS AT ABU SUNAY- THE ANASTASIUS EDICT PROJECT SILAH WITH PARTICULAR CONSID- ERATION OF FOOD RELATED OR- Dr. Ignacio Arce 63 GANISATION THE UMAYYAD BATH COMPLEX AT HAMMAM AS-SARAH: ANALYSIS Zeidan Kafafi, Gary Rollefson, Khaled 163 Douglas, Ahmad Lash and Bilal Khraisat AND INTERPRETATION PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE ‘AYN GHAZAL RESCUE EXCAVA- Lucy Wadeson and Fawzi Abudanah 83 TIONS: OCTOBER AND DECEMBER NEWLY DISCOVERED TOMBS IN 2011 / JANUARY 2012 THE HINTERLAND OF PETRA Achim Lichtenberger and Rubina Raja 173 Dr. Claudia Bührig 101 THE DANISH-GERMAN NORTH- LAND-USE AND SETTLEMENT AC- WEST QUARTER PROJECT AT JA- TIVITY AROUND GADARA / UMM RASH: RESULTS FROM THE 2011- QAYS 2013 SEASONS – 13 – Robert Wenning 189 David D. Boyer 279 THE MANY FACES OF DUSHARA – THE RUINS OF GERASA IN 1816- A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE EVI- 1819: AN ANALYSIS OF THE PLAN DENCE AND DRAWING ARCHIVES OF WIL- LIAM JOHN BANKES AND CHARLES Chang-Ho C. Ji 211 BARRY ONE TALE, TWO ‘ATARUZ: INVES- TIGATING RUJM ‘ATARUZ AND Robert Chadwick 301 ITS ASSOCIATION WITH KHIRBAT THE 2012 SEASON AT KHIRBAT AL- ‘ATARUZ MUDAYNA ATH-THAMAD: EXTE- RIOR GATE ROOMS AND A CAVE Erin Darby 223 TOMB ALLIES IN ARMS? JORDANIAN MIL- ITARY COMMUNITIES AND CUL- Kay Prag 317 TURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BURIED INTERMEDIATE BRONZE AT THE LATE ROMAN GARRISON AGE SITES OF ‘AYN GHARANDAL Claude Vibert-Guigue 329 Geoffrey A. Clark 233 WALL PAINTING AND STUCCO IN JORDAN IN THE CONTEXT OF THE JORDAN: FROM MINIATURE TO ME- LEVANTINE PALEOLITHIC, 1990- GALOGRAPHY 2010 Donald O. Henry 349 Koji Oyama 251 RECONSTRUCTING ECONOMIC ROLE OF MUSEUMS WITHIN JOR- AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION AT DANIAN LOCAL COMMUNITIES: THE EARLY NEOLITHIC SITE OF CASE STUDIES OF THE KARAK ‘AYN ABU NUKHAYLA ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM, HIS- TORIC OLD SALT MUSEUM AND Zdravko Dimitrov 369 DEAD SEA MUSEUM A STAGE OF CORINTHIAN ORDER DEVELOPMENT AT GERASA: AN John Peter Oleson 263 ANALYSIS OF THE MAUSOLEUM FROM CHURCH TO FARMHOUSE: OF GERMANUS THE RE-USE OF CHRISTIAN STRUCTURES IN EARLY ISLAMIC Megan A. Perry 385 HUMAYMA NEW LIGHT ON NABATAEAN MOR- TUARY RITUALS IN PETRA – 14 – Jennifer E. Jones 399 Jutta Häser, Katja Soennecken and Dieter 497 THE SECOND SEASON (2012) OF Vieweger THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA CYLINDER SEALS FROM TALL DULUTH PROJECT: ARCHAEO- ZARʻA AS INDICATORS OF TRANS- LOGICAL MAPPING AT THE EARLY PARENT BORDERS BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENT OF AL- LAJJUN, KARAK PLATEAU, JORDAN Patrick Leiverkus and Katja Soennecken 509 SURVEY IN WADI AL-ʻARAB 2009 - Ina Kehrberg 411 2011 POTTERY AND GLASS SHERD- TOOLS FROM ROMAN AND BYZAN- David F. Graf 519 TINE WORKSHOPS AT THE GERASA THEODORUS OF GADARA HIPPODROME AND OTHER SITES: A REAPPRAISAL Győző Vörös 529 MACHAERUS: EXCAVATIONS AND Dieter Vieweger, Katja Soennecken and 431 SURVEYS (2009-2012) Jutta Häser ACCIDENTS IN ANCIENT TIMES: Robin M. Brown 543 A LANDSLIDE AT TALL ZARʻA - PALACES IN MIDDLE ISLAMIC REASONS AND CONSEQUENCES TRANSJORDAN: REFLECTIONS OF THE ROYAL TRADITION OF BILAD M. Barbara Reeves and Craig A. Harvey 443 ASH-SHAM A TYPOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE NABATAE-AN, ROMAN AND Suzanne Richard and Marta D’Andrea 561 BYZANTINE CERAMIC BUILDING A SYRIAN GOBLET AT KHIRBAT IS- MATERIALS AT AL-ḤUMAYMA AND KANDAR, JORDAN: A STUDY OF IN- WADI RAMM TERCONNECTIVITY IN THE EB III/ IV PERIOD Juan Muniz, Andrea Polcaro and Valentin 477 Alvarez1 S. Thomas Parker 587 NEW SPANISH - ITALIAN EXCA- THE PETRA NORTH RIDGE PROJ- VATIONS AT THE JABAL AL-MU- ECT: DOMESTIC STRUCTURES AND TAWWAQ DOLMEN FIELD ON THE THE CITY WALL MIDDLE WADI AZ-ZARQAʼ: PRE- LIMINARY RESULTS OF THE 2012 Teresa Bürge1 and Peter M. Fischer 597 SEASON “SEA PEOPLES” AT TALL ABU AL- KHARAZ, JORDAN VALLEY: NEW Goetz M. Bongartz 489 EVIDENCE FROM THE EARLY IRON 3D TECHNOLOGY FOR ARCHAEO- AGE LOGICAL DOCUMENTATION – 15 – Maria Elena Ronza, MA 617 Michael P. Neeley 703 BUILDING AWARENESS: THE CHAL- SETTLEMENT VARIABILITY IN THE LENGE OF CULTURAL COMMUNI- LATE NATUFIAN OF WEST - CEN- TY ENGAGEMENT IN PETRA—THE TRAL JORDAN TEMPLE OF THE WINGED LIONS CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGE- Muhammad Abdalaziz Salem al- 715 MENT INITIATIVE Marahleh, Christian Augé SCULPTURES FROM THE APSIDAL David Jordan, Uwe Mahler, Mustafa 625 Koçak, Frederik Berger and Benoit Thi- MONUMENT AT THE QASR AL- erry-Hildenbrand BINT: RELIGIOUS ICONOGRAPHY GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTION AT AND POLITICAL PROPAGANDA IN PETRA: METHODICAL RESEARCH ROMAN PETRA WITHIN THE 2012 AL-KATUTAH CAMPAIGN Saad Twaissi, Bellal Abuhalaleh, Fawzi 739 Abudanah, Adeeb Al-Salameen Burton MacDonald 641 RECENT RESEARCH ON TRADI- ARCHAEOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES TIONAL VILLAGES IN THE PETRA BETWEEN THE SOUTHERN TRAN- SJORDAN/EDOMITE PLATEAU AND REGION, WITH SOME ETHNO-AR- THE SOUTHERN GHAWRS, THE CHAEOLOGICAL NOTES NORTHEAST ʻARABAH, AND THE FAYNAN REGION DURING THE Zbigniew T. Fiema, Stephan G. Schmid 747 BRONZE AGE and Bernhard Kolb A PALATIAL QUARTER IN PETRA: Delphine Seigneuret 657 PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF THE A NOTE ON THE BUILDING METH- NORTH-EASTERN PETRA PROJECT ODS EMPLOYED IN THE CON- STRUCTION OF THE NABATAEAN Frauke Kenkel 765 ROMAN TEMPLE AT KHIRBAT ADH- DHARIH (WADI AL-HASA) A BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE CE- RAMIC LAMPS FROM TALL ZAR‘A: Giovanna De Palma and Gaetano Palum- 667 TRACING INFLUENCES ACROSS bo ‘TRANSPARENT BORDERS’ FROM QUSAYR ‘AMRA CONSERVATION THE HELLENISTIC TO BYZANTINE PROJECT: 2010 - 2014 PERIODS Basema Hamarneh, Mohamed Ben Jed- 683 Richard Hugh Barns 783 dou, Claudine Dauphin and Jean-Marie HOW DEEP THOSE FOUNDATIONS; Castex HOW TALL THOSE WALLS; HOW POPULATION DYNAMICS IN THE STRONG THAT ROOF: BUILDING AL-KARAK REGION IN THE BYZ- ANTINE AND ISLAMIC PERIODS PRACTICES IN AN EARLY ISLAMIC MOSQUE AT JARASH – 16 – List of Abbreviations AA Archäologischer Anzeiger AAAS Les Annales Archéologiques Arabes Syriennes AASOR Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research ADAJ Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan AfO Archiv für Orientforschung AJA American Journal of Archaeology AUSS Andrews University Seminary Studies BA Biblical Archaeologist BAR British Archaeological Reports BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research CRAI Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JMA Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies JPOS Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society JRA Journal of Roman Archaeology JRS Journal of Roman Studies LA Liber Annuus LIMC Lexicon Iconographicum Mythologiae Classicae MA Mediterranean Archaeology PEFQS Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly QDAP Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities of Palestine RB Revue Biblique SHAJ Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan WA World Archaeology ZDPV Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins – 17 – List of Abbreviations حوالي ,(ca. circa (approximately, about مقارنة بِـ ، انظر أيضاً ,(cf. cōnfero (compare; see also على سبيل المثال، مثﻻً ,(e.g. exempli gratia (for the sake of an example وآخرون ,(et al. et alii (masculine), et aliae (feminine) (and others إلى آخره، َّوهلم جراً ,(etc. et cetera (and the rest [of the things]; and the other things والصفحات التالية ,(.ff. folio (on the (next) page, and the following (pages, paragraphs etc يعني ,(i.e. id est (that is في اﻷصل ,(in situ in situ (in its original position or place أعني، أي، كما يلي ,(sc. scilicet (namely, to wit, as follows أعني، ْأي، يعني، بكلمات أخرى ,(viz. videlicet (namely, to wit, that is, in other words – 18 – System of Transliteration from Arabic Consonents ḍ ض (except where initial) ’ ء ṭ ط b ب dh ظ t ت ‘ ع th ث gh غ j ج ف ḥ f ح q ق kh خ k ك d د l ل dh ذ m م r ر n ن z ز h هـ s س w و sh ش ي ṣ y ص a or ah ـه ه ـة a or at ة Long Vowels Short
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    Metula Majdal Shams Abil al-Qamh ! Neve Ativ Misgav Am Yuval Nimrod ! Al-Sanbariyya Kfar Gil'adi ZZ Ma'ayan Baruch ! MM Ein Qiniyye ! Dan Sanir Israeli Settler-Colonialism and Apartheid over Palestine Al-Sanbariyya DD Al-Manshiyya ! Dafna ! Mas'ada ! Al-Khisas Khan Al-Duwayr ¥ Huneen Al-Zuq Al-tahtani ! ! ! HaGoshrim Al Mansoura Margaliot Kiryat !Shmona al-Madahel G GLazGzaGza!G G G ! Al Khalsa Buq'ata Ethnic Cleansing and Population Transfer (1948 – present) G GBeGit GHil!GlelG Gal-'A!bisiyya Menara G G G G G G G Odem Qaytiyya Kfar Szold In order to establish exclusive Jewish-Israeli control, Israel has carried out a policy of population transfer. By fostering Jewish G G G!G SG dGe NG ehemia G AGl-NGa'iGmaG G G immigration and settlements, and forcibly displacing indigenous Palestinians, Israel has changed the demographic composition of the ¥ G G G G G G G !Al-Dawwara El-Rom G G G G G GAmG ir country. Today, 70% of Palestinians are refugees and internally displaced persons and approximately one half of the people are in exile G G GKfGar GB!lGumG G G G G G G SGalihiya abroad. None of them are allowed to return. L e b a n o n Shamir U N D ii s e n g a g e m e n tt O b s e rr v a tt ii o n F o rr c e s Al Buwayziyya! NeoG t MG oGrdGecGhaGi G ! G G G!G G G G Al-Hamra G GAl-GZawG iyGa G G ! Khiyam Al Walid Forcible transfer of Palestinians continues until today, mainly in the Southern District (Beersheba Region), the historical, coastal G G G G GAl-GMuGftskhara ! G G G G G G G Lehavot HaBashan Palestinian towns ("mixed towns") and in the occupied West Bank, in particular in the Israeli-prolaimed “greater Jerusalem”, the Jordan G G G G G G G Merom Golan Yiftah G G G G G G G Valley and the southern Hebron District.
  • The El-Atan Tomb: an Early Bronze Ivb Female Burial in the Heart of Bethlehem

    The El-Atan Tomb: an Early Bronze Ivb Female Burial in the Heart of Bethlehem

    [Vicino Oriente XXI (2017), pp. 225-256] THE EL-ATAN TOMB: AN EARLY BRONZE IVB FEMALE BURIAL IN THE HEART OF BETHLEHEM Lorenzo Nigro - Daria Montanari - Sapienza University of Rome Mohammed Ghayyada - Jehad Yasine - Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities of Palestine An Early Bronze IVB tomb was discovered by the MOTA-DACH on June 2009 in the city of Bethlehem, nearby the Milk Grotto. Its architectural features, burials and associated funerary equipment are here considered and compared with those of other Early Bronze IV cemeteries and necropoleis of Southern Levant to grasp the historical-archaeological meaning of this discovery. Keywords: Bethlehem; el-Atan; Early Bronze IV; necropolis; shaft-tomb 1. INTRODUCTION This study stems from the project of rescue archaeology in the district of Bethlehem started in 2015, which is part of the cooperation agreement between Sapienza University of Rome and the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities of Palestine - Department of Archaeology and Cultural Heritage concerning the protection of sites in the neighbourhood of Bethlehem.1 The Aim of this paper is to contextualize the el-Atan Tomb in a regional frame, and to appraise it within the funerary customs of Early Bronze IV central Palestine, also in the light of the recently discovered cemeteries of Khalet al-Jam’a and Jebel Dhaher 2 at Bethlehem itself. 2. THE EL-ATAN TOMB On 18th June 2009 a tomb was discovered during some construction works for a private house, 400 m east of the Nativity Church, along el-Atan street, in the city of Bethlehem (fig. 1).3 In the same day, the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (MOTA) and the Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage (DACH) of Bethlehem, directed by Mohammed Ghayyada, with the participation of the Palestinian Tourist Police, started rescue excavations.
  • Perceptions of Phoenician Identity and Material Culture As Reflected in Museum Records and Displays

    Perceptions of Phoenician Identity and Material Culture As Reflected in Museum Records and Displays

    Elusive Phoenicians | Perceptions of Phoenician identity and material culture as reflected in museum records and displays Lamia Sassine Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2020 Acknowledgements First and foremost, this thesis goes to my parents, who have worked hard to ensure there was another doctor in the family (although probably not the kind they initially hoped for). Thank you for being my main sponsors and support. This work would also have been impossible without my amazing supervisors. Sue, it was an honour to be one of your last students, you have been a true hero to archaeology and working with you for three years made it very clear why. Jane, thank you for always being there on the more practical side of things and for always making time for me, academia needs you. I also owe a lot to every curator and archivist who made me feel welcome and fed this thesis with the information they gave me. These people are: Elena Aguilera Collado, Anne-Marie Afeiche, Carla Del Vais, Lucia Ferruzza, Lamia Fersi, Maria Grazia Griffo, Thomas Kiely, Aurora Ladero, Hélène Le Meaux, María Dolores López De La Orden, Reine Mady, Giuseppa Mizzaro, Sara Muscuso, José Ángel Palomares Samper, Despina Pilides, Manuela Puddu, Alicia Rodero, Virginia Salve, Concha San Martín, Giuliana Sara, Anna Satraki, Sharon Sultana, Pamela Toti, Jonathan Tubb, Juan Ignacio Vallejo Sánchez, Yiannis Violaris, and Eftychia Zachariou. Thank you to Hélène Sader for pushing me to pursue a PhD in the first place and seeing potential in me.