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Ford, Kissinger, Edward Gierek of Poland
File scanned from the National Security Adviser's Memoranda of Conversation Collection at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library MEMORANDUM THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON ~:p1NODIS MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION PARTICIPANTS: President Gerald R. Ford Edward Gierek, First Secretary of the Central Com.mittee of the Polish United Workers' Party Stefan 01szowski, Minister of Foreign Affairs Dr. Henry A. Kissinger, Secretary of State and Assistant to the President Lt. General Brent Scowcroft, Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Ambassador Richard T. Davies, US Amb. to Poland Polish Interpreter DATE AND TIME: Tuesday, October 8, 1974 11 :00 a. m. - 12:40 p. m. PLACE: The Oval Office The White House [Ge~eral Scowcroft missed part of the opening conversation. ] Gierek: In France, the ethnic group of Poles came during the French Revolution. People of Polish extraction have been introduced into many countries. Kissinger: Then in the 19th Century, the Polish nationalists concluded that the only way they could get independence was to join every war -- individually. Gierek: Secretary Kissinger knows our history very well. In our anthem, it says we have been guided by Bonapartist methods of how to win. We Socialists left it in. Kissinger: I have always been impressed by Warsaw's Old City. It took much pride to restore it that way. Gierek: That is true. ~/NODIS 9'!ii............ tmCLASSIFJBI) -~\.. B.O. 1295S, Sec. 3.S NSC lfQJDo, lln419S, State Dept. Guidelines 11 t!t=. , NARA, Date d,,'e -2 President: Let me at the outset welcome you in a personal way. I really look forward to your mission and what has been done to bring us together as peoples and what we can do in the future to expand our contacts. -
World War Comes to Humboldt County
A STUDY OF THE NEW DEAL’S IMPACT ON A SMALL COMMUNITY: EUREKA, CALIFORNIA, 1937 - 1939 by Craig Parker A Thesis/Project Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Masters of Social Science Emphasis in American History May, 2005 A STUDY OF THE NEW DEAL’S IMPACT ON A SMALL COMMUNITY: EUREKA, CALIFORNIA, 1937 - 1939 by Craig Parker Approved by the Master’s Thesis/Project Committee: Delores McBroome, Committee Chair Date Gayle Olson, Committee Member Date Rodney Sievers, Committee Member Date Delores McBroome, Graduate Coordinator, MASS – Teaching American History Date Donna E. Schafer, Dean for Research and Graduate Studies Date ABSTRACT A STUDY OF THE NEW DEAL’S IMPACT ON A SMALL COMMUNITY: EUREKA, CALIFORNIA, 1937 - 1939 BY Craig Parker As Eureka city school students returned to begin the 1938-1939 school year, great changes were in the air. While the dark storm clouds of war brewed in Europe, the United States’ economy was continuing its recovery from the now decade-long Great Depression. As the national unemployment rate began to diminish, a slew of new construction projects were being proposed for the Eureka public school system. At the center of local projects were proposals for four new elementary schools and, most strikingly, a new manual labor/industrial education building for Eureka High School. In order for the projects to be completed, Eureka public schools voters would have to approve a new school bonds initiative. If passed, the initiative would receive a forty-five percent matching federal grant from the Public Works Administration (PWA). -
Democratic Republicans
QUARTERLY WINTER WOODROW WILSON INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR SCHOLARS Director, James H. Billington Deputy Director, George R. Packard Created by Act of Congress in 1968 as an institute for advanced study and as a "livin memorial ' to the 28th President, the Wilson Center supports serious scgolarship and its interaction with the world of affairs. The Center-and The Wilson Quarterly-seek diversity of scholarly enterprise and of points of view. Editor: Peter Braestruv Associate Editor (~ssays):Philip S. Cook Associate Editor (Periodicals): Cullen Murphy Associate Editor (Books): Lois Decker O'Neill Associate Editor (Production): Anna Marie Torres Assistant Editor: Fred Howard Contributing Editors: Beryl Lieff Benderly, Malcolm B. De- Bevoise, Michael J. Glennon, Steven A. Grant, Peter Kovler, Andrea MacLeod, Gustav Magrinat, Stuart A. Rohrer Administrative Assistant: Melanie Davis Editorial Secretary: Rita B. Miller Production Assistant: Lucy S. Gregg Research Associates: Edward T. Crook, Miriam Davidson, David M. Friedman, Bruce Jenks, John E. Kocjan, Kathleen O'Pella, Jane Spivak Librarian: Zdenek David Art Director: Elizabeth Dixon Business Manager: William M. Dunn Circulation Coordinator: Michael W. Frenkel Editorial Advisers: Prosser Gifford, A. E. Dick Howard, Abraham Lowenthal, Richard Seamon, Henry Nash Smith, S. Frederick Starr, Samuel F. Wells, Jr. Published in January, April, July, and October by the Woodrow Wilson Interna- tional Centerfor Scholars, Smithsonian Institution Building, Washington, D.C. 20560. Copyright 1978 by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. Subscription rates: one year, $12; two years, $21; three years, $30. Foreign subscriptions: one year, $14; two years, $25; three years, $36. Foreign subscriptions airmail: one ear, $24, two ears, $45; three years, $66. -
The Rise of Nixon by Megan Kimbrell
The Rise of Nixon by Megan Kimbrell Richard Milhous Nixon is one of the most central political figures in American history. Therefore, an analysis of how he rose to national prominence, and so quickly at that, is a worthwhile discussion. For example, Nixon entered the United States House of Representatives in 1946 by defeating the popular Democratic incumbent, Jerry Voorhis. Without previous political experience, Nixon was thrown into Congress where he was promptly placed on the infamous House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC). There he gained national fame in the case of Alger Hiss, an accused communist spy. He followed this with a stunning victory in the 1950 senatorial race against Helen Gahagan Douglas. Soon after, Nixon was nominated as the vice presidential candidate in 1952. At the young age of forty, and just six years after his first political campaign, Nixon entered the White House as Dwight D. Eisenhower's vice president. Nixon's meteoric rise to power begs the question of just how exactly he accomplished this feat. The answer to this question is quite simple: Nixon used the issue of communist subversion to further his political career. In fact, the perceived communist threat of the post-World War II era was the chief catalyst in Nixon's rise to the forefront of American politics. His career gained momentum alongside the Red Scare of this era with his public battles against accused communist sympathizers. Following World War II, Americans became obsessed with the fears of communist subversion. The Cold War produced unstable relations with the Soviet Union and other pro-communist countries, which made for a frightening future. -
Contention Between Communalist and Capitalist Inhabitants Escort to the Cold War
ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 4 No 2 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) Published by MCSER-CEMAS-Sapienza University of Rome May 2013 Contention Between Communalist and Capitalist Inhabitants Escort to the Cold War Dr. Abdul Zahoor Khan, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of History & Pakistan Studies Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad-Pakistan, Phone Office: +92-51-9019517, Cell: +92-300-5527644, +92-300-7293535 Emails: [email protected], , [email protected] Doi:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n2p437 Abstract: In retrospect, the question, (what was the cold war about?), seems to a great extent harder to answer than it probably did to contemporaries, some of whom would probably shake their head in wonderment at the above analysis. Yet if we address each of its putative justifications singly, any clear answer seems to fade into the ether. First, from the U.S. side, was the cold war about fighting communism? As long as the Soviet Union remained the sole Communist state, this was a fairly simple proposition, because communism and Russian/Soviet power amounted to the same thing. After 1948, however, with the emergence of independent centers of Communist power in Yugoslavia and then in China, the ideological simplicity of the cold war disappeared. The United States found itself supporting communism in its national variety precisely in order to complicate the projection of Soviet power. The Yugoslav case has been mentioned; and although the U.S. opening to China would be delayed by two, decades of tragic ideological blindness, the United States did undertake, after 1956, to encourage and cultivate national communism in Eastern Europe in the form of the policy of differentiation. -
California Institute
j I " I CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY THE BUREAU OF RECLAMATION'S EXCESS LAND LAW: Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences ORIGINS OF THE MODERN CONTROVERSY, 1933-1961 Pasadena , California 91125 In 1976 the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in San Franc is co sent a series of shock waves along clearly defined fault lin es of California agriculture. The court ruled tha t the federal reclamation laws dating to 1902 mean what they say: that heavily subsidized THE BUREAU OF RECLAMAT ION'S EXCESS LAND LAW: irrigation water can be distributed only to 160 acres per in dividual ORIGINS OF THE MODERN CONTROVERSY, 1933-1961 landowner , and that anyone ho lding more than a qua rt er section must 1 dispose of the excess land if he wis hes to receive reclamation water. Clayton R. Koppes The ruling occasioned surp rise and consternation in some quar ters , for it seemed to presage a maj or alteration in the land-tenure pattern * of the Central Va lley of Ca lifornia, and potentially on other reclama- tion projects thro ug ho ut the West. But up on more re flection the only real occasion for surpris e and const ernation was that the is sue should Not for quotation or citation in any form have requir ed recours e to the court s at all. Why should a policy that was clearly established legally , has been praised rhetorically by both political parties , and seems an eminently equitab le princ iple for Social Science Working Paper distributing the benefits of public sp ending be only erratically Numb er 200 enforced for three quarters of a century? Why did the issue arise in March 1978 particular in the Central Valley, where the lan d-t enure pyramid presented the very problem the re clama tio � la ws were designed to correct? Why, � �\:: in' deed , did. -
Carey Mcwilliams Papers, 1894-1982 (Bulk 1921-1980)
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf1779n6sf No online items Finding Aid for the Carey McWilliams Papers, 1894-1982 (bulk 1921-1980) Processed by Andrea Eitsert, with assistance from Laurel McPhee; machine-readable finding aid created by Caroline Cubé UCLA Library, Department of Special Collections Manuscripts Division Room A1713, Charles E. Young Research Library Box 951575 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1575 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/special/scweb/ © 1999 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Finding Aid for the Carey 1319 1 McWilliams Papers, 1894-1982 (bulk 1921-1980) Finding Aid for the Carey McWilliams Papers, 1894-1982 (bulk 1921-1980) Collection number: 1319 UCLA Library, Department of Special Collections Manuscripts Division Los Angeles, CA Contact Information Manuscripts Division UCLA Library, Department of Special Collections Room A1713, Charles E. Young Research Library Box 951575 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1575 Telephone: 310/825-4988 (10:00 a.m. - 4:45 p.m., Pacific Time) Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.library.ucla.edu/libraries/special/scweb/ Processed by: Andrea Eitsert, with assistance from Laurel McPhee, Winter 2006 Encoded by: Caroline Cubé Online finding aid edited by: Josh Fiala, March 2002 and Caroline Cubé, June 2006 © 1999 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Carey McWilliams Papers, Date (inclusive): 1894-1982 (bulk 1921-1980) Collection number: 1319 Creator: McWilliams, Carey, 1905- Extent: 80 boxes (40 linear ft.)11 oversize boxes repository: University of California, Los Angeles. Library. Department of Special Collections. -
Extensions of Remar.Ks
July 8, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23329 EXTENSIONS OF REMAR.KS BRIGHT FUTURE FOR NORTHEAST the Commonwealth, the Department of Com With a good reputation for action it is diffi ERN PENNSYLVANIA munity Affairs and the Department of Com cult to slow the momentum of a winner. merce wm benefit the northeast and other And it has not been done With magic, With regions as they work in the seventies. rabbits in a ha.t--not by any one local, state HON. HUGH SCOTT Once a Bureau within the Department of or federal agency, but with the combined ef Commerce, the Department of Community forts of responsible people, hardworking, OF PENNSYLVANIA Affairs has blossomed into an effective backed by substantial private investment- IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES agency for direct involvement in vital areas with faith, dimes, dollars, of people who be Wednesday, July 8, 1970 that have mushroomed into prominence in lieved it could be done. recent years. I believe it is an unheralded Specifically, the pace was set Dy successful Mr. SCO'IT. Mr President, on June 6, blessing for the citizens of the Common industrial expansion and relocation pro 1970, the secretary of commerce of Penn wealth of Pennsylvania to have such close grams. PIDA activity in a seven county area sylvania, Hon. William T. Schmidt, de cooperation and such common dedication of northeastern Pennsylvania resulted in 241 livered a speech to the conference of the among the personnel of two organiz.a.tions loans in the amount of $58,760,000 since 1956 that can provide so much assistance to them. -
The Vice Presidency of Richard M Nixon: One Man's Quest for National Respect, an International Reputation, and the Presidency
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1998 The vice presidency of Richard M Nixon: One man's quest for national respect, an international reputation, and the presidency Benjamin Joel Goldberg College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Political Science Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Goldberg, Benjamin Joel, "The vice presidency of Richard M Nixon: One man's quest for national respect, an international reputation, and the presidency" (1998). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623928. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-jv24-vd41 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely afreet reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. -
OF REMARKS June 15, 1970 \ 1 403
i \ 19784 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1970 \ 1 403. By the SPEAKER: A memorial of the State of Dlinois, relative certain benefits for kyu Islands, relative to removal of poison-gas State of Illinois, relative to amending the the mentally 111 under the Social Security weapons from the Ryukyu Islands; to t he !\ Social Security Act regarding rehabilitation Act; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Committee on Armed Services. sites for the mentally 111; to the Committee 509. Also, petition of the Gushikawa Cit y on Ways and Means. Assembly, Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, relat ive 404. Also, a memorial of the Senate of the PETITIONS, ETC. to U.S. military personnel stationed on Oki nawa; to the Committee on Armed Services. St ate of Illinois, relative to amending the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions 510. Also, petition of the board of com Social Security Act to provide certain treat and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk missioners, Newport, Ky., relative to exempt ment for the mentally ill; to the Committee and referred as follows: ing the Delta Queen from the provisions of on Ways and Means. 508. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the the safety-at-sea law; to the Committee on 405. Also, a memorial of the Senate of the Gushikawa City Assembly, Okinawa, Ryu- Merchant Marine an d F isheries. EXTENSIO ~NS OF REMARKS BREAKTHROUGH IN CANCER Federal Government funding; his own cially inbred mice by the end of June. RESEARCH life savings, now exhausted; and public And now, the miracle. contributions of more than $25,000 raised Five minutes after I mentioned this when his financial plight was publicized last night, a Coronado woman called to HON. -
Regional Oral ~ I S T O I Office University of California the Bancroft
Regional Oral ~istoiOffice University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Earl Warren Oral History Project CONVERSATIONS WITH EARL WARREN ON CALIFORNIA GOVERNMENT Interviews conducted in 1971 and 1972 by Amelia R. Fry and Members of the Regional Oral Histov Ofice St& With an Introduction by Ira Michael Heyman Copyright @ 1982 by The Regents of The University of California This manuscript is made available for research purposes. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California at Berkeley. Requests for permission to quote for publication should be addressed to the Regional Oral History Office, 486 Library, , and should include identification of the specific passages to be quoted, anticipated use of the passages, and identification of the user. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as fol- lows: Earl Warren, "Conversations with Earl Warren on Cali- fornia Government," an oral history conducted in 1971 and 1972, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1981. \ Copy No. - TABLE OF CONTENTS - Earl Warren ACKNOWLEDGMENT i PREFACE iii INTRODUCTION by Ira Michael Heyman xiii INTERVIEW HISTORY xv I. ATTORNEY GENERAL AND DISTRICT ATTORNEY YEARS [First Interview: 14 December 19711 Chapter 1: Opening Remarks Japanese Submarine Fears, 1941 Thoughts on 1950 Campaign and Support Chapter 2: Attorney General Campaign, 1938 Contributors and Committees Bob Kenny's Role -
1970S Outline I. Richard Milhous Nixon
American History 1970s Outline I. Richard Milhous Nixon (1969-1974) –Republican A. Born Yorba Linda, California –College and WWII B. Machiavellian Political Career –House, Senate, and VP (Checkers) C. Speeches -“Bring Us Together” and the “Great Silent Majority” D. President Nixon Fun Facts II. Presidency of Richard Nixon A. Foreign Policy –Dr. Henry Kissinger –NSA (1969-1974) and Secretary of State (1973-1977) 1. Vietnam War –“Peace with Honor” 2. Moon Landing –July 20, 1969 –Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins 3. Nixon and Communist Countries A. Détente –relaxation of tensions with communist nations B. Triangular Diplomacy –playing the communist countries against each other C. Actions with communist countries 1. Ping Pong 2. Visited the People’s Republic of China –February 21-28, 1972 3. Visited Soviet Union –May 22 – May 30, 1972 –Leonid Brezhnev (1964-82) A. SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) Treaty 4. Vietnam –Cease-fire –January 27, 1973 4. Middle East A. LBJ and the Six Day War June 5-10, 1967 –Israel vs. Egypt, Syria, and Jordan 1. US support –send fighters to Israel 2. Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) –Yasir Arafat B. Yom Kippur War –October 6, 1973 – September 1, 1975 –Egypt & Syria vs. Israel 1. US support –Operation Nickel Grass –airlifted $2 billion in supplies to Israel 2. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 5. Chile –Operation Condor -helped to overthrow President Salvador Allende B. Domestic Policy -New Federalism –“E-Challenges” 1. Economic Crisis –stagflation A. Causes –Vietnam spending, Vietnam War spending, tax cuts, oil prices up B. Solution –New Economic Policy –90 freeze on prices and wages 2.