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1970S Outline I. Richard Milhous Nixon

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American History 1970s Outline I. Richard Milhous Nixon (1969-1974) –Republican A. Born Yorba Linda, California –College and WWII B. Machiavellian Political Career –House, Senate, and VP (Checkers) C. Speeches -“Bring Us Together” and the “Great Silent Majority” D. President Nixon Fun Facts II. Presidency of Richard Nixon A. Foreign Policy –Dr. Henry Kissinger –NSA (1969-1974) and Secretary of State (1973-1977) 1. Vietnam War –“Peace with Honor” 2. Moon Landing –July 20, 1969 –Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins 3. Nixon and Communist Countries A. Détente –relaxation of tensions with communist nations B. Triangular Diplomacy –playing the communist countries against each other C. Actions with communist countries 1. Ping Pong 2. Visited the People’s Republic of China –February 21-28, 1972 3. Visited Soviet Union –May 22 – May 30, 1972 –Leonid Brezhnev (1964-82) A. SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) Treaty 4. Vietnam –Cease-fire –January 27, 1973 4. Middle East A. LBJ and the Six Day War June 5-10, 1967 –Israel vs. Egypt, Syria, and Jordan 1. US support –send fighters to Israel 2. Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) –Yasir Arafat B. Yom Kippur War –October 6, 1973 – September 1, 1975 –Egypt & Syria vs. Israel 1. US support –Operation Nickel Grass –airlifted $2 billion in supplies to Israel 2. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) 5. Chile –Operation Condor -helped to overthrow President Salvador Allende B. Domestic Policy -New Federalism –“E-Challenges” 1. Economic Crisis –stagflation A. Causes –Vietnam spending, Vietnam War spending, tax cuts, oil prices up B. Solution –New Economic Policy –90 freeze on prices and wages 2. Energy Crisis A. Trans-Alaska Pipeline Authorization Act B. Emergency Highway Energy Conservation Act –national speed limit 55 3. Environmental Concerns A. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 4. Education A. Integration –North: “forced busing” –unconstitutional 5. Equality A. Philadelphia Plan –affirmative action for government jobs B. Title IX –cannot discriminate based on gender 6. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) 7. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 8. Ended Draft –January 1973 9. Other A. 26th Amendment (1971) B. Roe vs. Wade (1973) C. Watergate 1. CREEP (Committee to Re-Elect the President) and the “plumbers” 2. The break-in -June 17, 1972 3. Nixon ordered the cover-up -June 23, 1972 4. Washington Post Reporters –Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein –Deep Throat 5. Low level officials convicted and high level officials resign 6. Saturday Night Massacre –Oct 20, 1973 –fires Spec. Pros., A.G., and D.A.G resign 7. United States v. Richard M. Nixon -July 24, 1974 8. August 9, 1974 –Nixon resigned, Gerald Ford –38th President 9. W. Mark Felt “Deep Throat” -May 31, 2005 D. Results and Evaluation of the Presidency of Richard Nixon III. Gerald Rudolph Ford (1974-1977) –Republican A. Born –Leslie Lynch King, Jr. Omaha, NB –Michigan football, Yale law, and WWII B. Political Career –House of Representatives –1949-73 and Vice-President -1973 C. Clumsy, stupid, and unqualified? D. President Ford Fun Facts IV. Presidency of Jerry Ford –wanted to restore America’s confidence in the government A. Domestic Policy 1. Pardoned Nixon –approval rating fell from 72% to 49% 2. Whip Inflation Now (WIN) 3. Veto Happy 4. Halloween Massacre –November 4, 1975 –shuffled the presidential staff B. Assassination Attempts –September 5 (Sacramento) and 22 (San Francisco), 1975 C. Foreign Policy –revive commander-in-chief and continue détente 1. Vietnam –revive commander-in-chief A. Ho Chi Minh Offensive -$722 million denied B. Operation Frequent Wind -Fall of Saigon April 30, 1975 2. Mayaquez –captured by Cambodia May 13, 1975 –41 killed to rescue 39 –May 15, 1975 3. Soviet Union –continue détente A. SALT II –did not pass B. Helsinki Agreements (1975) –WWII borders vs. Soviet emigration C. Peace with Strength –no longer détente 4. Yom Kippur War –Kissinger negotiated the end –September 1, 1975 D. Results and Evaluation of the Presidency of Gerald Ford V. 1970s Culture A. Movies –Rocky, Superman, Star Wars, The Godfather, The Exorcist, and Jaws B. Television –All in the Family, Laverne and Shirley, Sesame Street, SNL, and MASH C. Music 1. Rock Bands –KISS, Led Zepplin, Pink Floyd, the Doors, and Queen 2. Rock ‘n’ Roll –Billy Joel and Elton John 3. Disco –Village People –YMCA 4. John Lennon killed –December 8, 1980 D. Toys –Atari, Rubik’s Cube, Lava Lamps, Mood Rings, Sea Monkeys, and Pet Rocks E. Sports 1. Olympics A. 1980 Olympic Hockey team –“The Miracle on Ice” –Captain Mike Eruzione 2. Pittsburgh –The City of Champions A. Pittsburgh Pirates –Willie Stargell –“We are family” –World Series -1971 and 1979 B. Pittsburgh Steelers –Terry Bradshaw and others -4 Super Bowls C. University of Pittsburgh Panthers -1976 National Champions –Tony Dorsett VI. James Earl Carter (1977-1981) –Democrat A. Born Plains, Georgia –Naval Academy and Peanut Farmer B. Political Career –GA State Senator –1963-67, GA Governor (1971-75) –no Washington ties C. Post Presidency –Habitat for Humanity and Peacekeeper D. President Carter Fun Facts VII. Presidency of Jimmy Carter A. Domestic Policy 1. Vietnam Draft Dodgers 2. Recession –inflation 13.3% 3. Energy Crisis –declared a “moral equivalent of war” A. Department of Energy –develop a national energy policy B. National Energy Act of 1978 –put to research alternative energy C. Three Mile Island 4. Education A. Department of Education 5. Failed Reforms: Health Care and Welfare B. Foreign Policy –Improve human rights 1. Other goals: No more Vietnams and Chiles and Southern Hemisphere Focus 2. Africa A. South Africa –end Apartheid B. Nigeria –worked hardest to gain friendship 3. Panama Canal Treaties (1978) 4. Recognition of the People’s Republic of China (1979) 5. Taiwan –severed formal relations 6. Camp David Accords (1979) A. Egypt (President Anwar Sadat) and Israel (Prime Minister Menachem Begin) B. Results –Israel withdrawal and Egyptian recognition 7. Soviet invasion of Afghanistan –December 25, 1979 A. Carter reaction –hot line, withdrew SALT II, Olympic Boycott, and the Carter Doctrine 8. Iran-Hostage Crisis –November 4, 1979 – January 20, 1981 –444 days A. Power Struggle: Shah Reza Pahlavi vs. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini B. Iranian Riots, the Shah’s vacation, and entrance to US -October 22, 1979 C. November 4, 1979 –Hostages taken in Tehran D. Operation Eagle Claw -April 24, 1980 E. January 20, 1981 –Hostages are freed –33 minutes in Ronald Reagan’s presidency C. Results and Evaluation of the Presidency of Jimmy Carter VIII. Summary of the 1970s A. “Empire shock” B. Map Questions –United States (6), Africa (3), and Middle East (7) Assignments 1. Reading Quiz #5 (10): The Carter Presidency –pages 568-573 2. Homework #3 (15): 1970s 3. Test #3 (60): 1970s Homework #6: 1970s (15 points) Complete Prompt #1 and any other 2 prompts or projects Section 1: Prompt #1 (Everyone must complete part of this section) Prompt #1: Lessons or morals from each 1970s President (10 or 5 points) * State 2 lessons or morals that you have learned from a 1970s American President (Nixon, Ford, or Carter). * State the historical reference that applies to the lesson (i.e. Watergate or Iran-Hostage Crisis). Be sure to explain how that historical lesson or moral applies to the historical example. * In at least 2 sentences, fully describe a personal situation where you have utilized or could have utilized that particular Nixon lesson or moral in your everyday life. * If you write 4 lessons or morals, you must complete another activity. * If you write 2 lessons or morals, you must complete 2 other activities. Section 2 Prompt #2: Nixon Mock Interview (August 9, 1974) –No Longer President (5 points) Pretend that you are able to interview President Nixon on the flight home to California after resigning the presidency August 9, 1974. * Write at least 5 questions that you would ask Nixon and have Nixon answer the questions. * Include 10 facts in the questions and answers * Be creative and try to capture the life, personality, accomplishment, and failures of Nixon * If you write 10 questions with 20 facts, you are done with this section. * If you write 5 questions with 10 facts, you must complete 2 other activities. Prompt #3: Date or Be a Friend of a 1970s president. (5 points) * If you to date or a be a friend in high school of a 1970s American president, before they were elected, who would it be? * Provide at least 5 reasons to support your opinion. Prompt #4: Compare each 1970s president to a . (5 points) * Compare each 1970s president to something, i.e. breakfast cereal, color, or animal. * Use one general topic for all 3 presidents. * Be sure to fully explain why you compared that 1970s president to the particular item. Prompt #5: 1970s Movie and Description. (5 points) Many of the popular 1970s movies had heroes. It appeared as though Americans were trying to escape tough times by going to the movies. * Create a movie title and write at least 5 sentences that describe the movie plot and ending. * If you write this movie prompt, you must complete 2 other activities. Activity #1: Create a campaign button with a new slogan for any of the 3 presidents of the 1970s. (5 points) *.Be sure to create an actual campaign button with a slogan. * Provide a brief explanation to state why you selected that new campaign slogan. Reminder You may create your own question to answer or project to design. It must be 5 points of work and it must be cleared by the teacher in advance. .
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