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Tapes Have Puzzling `Gap" June 20, 1972—Are Certain to Continue Into Next Week
NOV a t973 conversations about the Watergate icandal: "She ,said, 'I want you to know that's not the right word,' " Bennett related. She said, " 'I did not tran- scribe the tapes. That's the wrong word to use.' " "I said, 'Rose Mary, ju%, tell the truth when you over there,' " Bennett sai, of Miss Woods' expected ap- pearance as a witness: White House lawyers said Miss Woods would testify, but it was not clear when she will be called. Former White House chief of staff I H.R. (Bob) Haldeman is ex- 1 pected to be on the stand to The lengthy hearings on ROSE MARY WOODS JOHN C. BENNETT JUDGE JOHN J. SIRICK the missing conversations — . finds gap in tapes . describes playback . seeks expert analysis one with Dean and the other a phone call that Mr. Nixon WXPost NOV 8 1973 placed to former Attorney General John N. Mitchell on June 20, 1972—are certain to Tapes Have Puzzling `Gap" continue into next week. ti or by the Senate Watergate Judge Sirica announced committee. yesterday that he wants an Nixon Aide Testifies analysis and testimony by The White House asserted electronic experts to explore By George Lardner Jr. last week that two of the "the reasons that might ex- Washington Post Staff Writer tapes that Cox subpoenaed ist for the non-existence of President Nixon's personal secretary, for the Watergate grand these conversations." He Rose Mary Woods, has found a puzzling jury here—one of them a said that phase "may well, crucial April 15, 1973, talk be the most important and "gap" in one of Mr. -
Ford, Kissinger, Edward Gierek of Poland
File scanned from the National Security Adviser's Memoranda of Conversation Collection at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library MEMORANDUM THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON ~:p1NODIS MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION PARTICIPANTS: President Gerald R. Ford Edward Gierek, First Secretary of the Central Com.mittee of the Polish United Workers' Party Stefan 01szowski, Minister of Foreign Affairs Dr. Henry A. Kissinger, Secretary of State and Assistant to the President Lt. General Brent Scowcroft, Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Ambassador Richard T. Davies, US Amb. to Poland Polish Interpreter DATE AND TIME: Tuesday, October 8, 1974 11 :00 a. m. - 12:40 p. m. PLACE: The Oval Office The White House [Ge~eral Scowcroft missed part of the opening conversation. ] Gierek: In France, the ethnic group of Poles came during the French Revolution. People of Polish extraction have been introduced into many countries. Kissinger: Then in the 19th Century, the Polish nationalists concluded that the only way they could get independence was to join every war -- individually. Gierek: Secretary Kissinger knows our history very well. In our anthem, it says we have been guided by Bonapartist methods of how to win. We Socialists left it in. Kissinger: I have always been impressed by Warsaw's Old City. It took much pride to restore it that way. Gierek: That is true. ~/NODIS 9'!ii............ tmCLASSIFJBI) -~\.. B.O. 1295S, Sec. 3.S NSC lfQJDo, lln419S, State Dept. Guidelines 11 t!t=. , NARA, Date d,,'e -2 President: Let me at the outset welcome you in a personal way. I really look forward to your mission and what has been done to bring us together as peoples and what we can do in the future to expand our contacts. -
A List of the Records That Petitioners Seek Is Attached to the Petition, Filed Concurrently Herewith
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA IN RE PETITION OF STANLEY KUTLER, ) AMERICAN HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, ) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR LEGAL HISTORY, ) Miscellaneous Action No. ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN HISTORIANS, ) and SOCIETY OF AMERICAN ARCHIVISTS. ) ) MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR ORDER DIRECTING RELEASE OF TRANSCRIPT OF RICHARD M. NIXON’S GRAND JURY TESTIMONY OF JUNE 23-24, 1975, AND ASSOCIATED MATERIALS OF THE WATERGATE SPECIAL PROSECUTION FORCE Professor Stanley Kutler, the American Historical Association, the American Society for Legal History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Society of American Archivists petition this Court for an order directing the release of President Richard M. Nixon’s thirty-five-year- old grand jury testimony and associated materials of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force.1 On June 23-24, 1975, President Nixon testified before two members of a federal grand jury who had traveled from Washington, DC, to San Clemente, California. The testimony was then presented in Washington, DC, to the full grand jury that had been convened to investigate political espionage, illegal campaign contributions, and other wrongdoing falling under the umbrella term Watergate. Watergate was the defining event of Richard Nixon’s presidency. In the early 1970s, as the Vietnam War raged and the civil rights movement in the United States continued its momentum, the Watergate scandal ignited a crisis of confidence in government leadership and a constitutional crisis that tested the limits of executive power and the mettle of the democratic process. “Watergate” was 1A list of the records that petitioners seek is attached to the Petition, filed concurrently herewith. -
Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: the Origins of Iranian Primacy in the Persian Gulf
Roham Alvandi Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: the origins of Iranian primacy in the Persian Gulf Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Original citation: Alvandi, Roham (2012) Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: the origins of Iranian primacy in the Persian Gulf. Diplomatic history, 36 (2). pp. 337-372. ISSN 1467-7709 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7709.2011.01025.x © 2012 The Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations (SHAFR) This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/32743/ Available in LSE Research Online: March 2012 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL (http://eprints.lse.ac.uk) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s final manuscript accepted version of the journal article, incorporating any revisions agreed during the peer review process. Some differences between this version and the published version may remain. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. roham alvandi Nixon, Kissinger, and the Shah: The Origins of Iranian Primacy in the Persian Gulf* On the morning of May 31, 1972, the shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, received U.S. -
Rose Mary Woods ROSE MARY WOODS RE-ENACTS "MISTAKE," KEEPING FOOT on PEDAL WHILE ANSWERING PHONE (RECORDER IS at FAR LEFT)
Rose Mary Woods ROSE MARY WOODS RE-ENACTS "MISTAKE," KEEPING FOOT ON PEDAL WHILE ANSWERING PHONE (RECORDER IS AT FAR LEFT) THE CRISIS/COVER STORY The Secretary and the Tapes Tangle "Next to a man's wife, his secretary which is aimed at explaining away his tape of a talk between Nixon and H.R. is the most important person in his ca- multiple Watergate woes. Her state- Haldeman, then his Chief of Staff, on reer. She has to understand every detail ments posed a new threat to Nixon's sur- June 20, 1972, just three days after the of his job; to have unquestioning loyalty vival in office. For if Miss Woods' story Watergate burglary. Archibald Cox, the and absolute discretion. On every count is shown to be untrue, the inescapable fired Watergate special prosecutor, had Rose measures up. I'm a lucky man." conclusion would be that at least one of asked for the tape last July 23, contend- —Richard Nixon, in a press the subpoenaed Nixon tapes has been ing that "the inference is almost irre- interview, 1957 deliberately and criminally altered. sistible" that Haldeman and former Do- Since the President has sworn that those mestic Affairs Adviser John Ehrlich- "The buttons said on and off, forward recordings were in "my sole personal man had reported to Nixon on that day and backward. I caught on to that fairly control," he presumably would be legal- whatever they knew about the Water- fast. I don't think I'm so stupid as to erase ly responsible for any such destruction gate wiretapping operation. -
Nixon's Caribbean Milieu, 1950–1968
Dark Quadrant: Organized Crime, Big Business, and the Corruption of American Democracy Online Appendix: Nixon’s Caribbean Milieu, 1950–1968 By Jonathan Marshall “Though his working life has been passed chiefly on the far shores of the continent, close by the Pacific and the Atlantic, some emotion always brings Richard Nixon back to the Caribbean waters off Key Biscayne and Florida.”—T. H. White, The Making of the President, 19681 Richard Nixon, like millions of other Americans, enjoyed Florida and the nearby islands of Cuba and the Bahamas as refuges where he could leave behind his many cares and inhibitions. But he also returned again and again to the region as an important ongoing source of political and financial support. In the process, the lax ethics of its shadier operators left its mark on his career. This Sunbelt frontier had long attracted more than its share of sleazy businessmen, promoters, and politicians who shared a get-rich-quick spirit. In Florida, hustlers made quick fortunes selling worthless land to gullible northerners and fleecing vacationers at illegal but wide-open gambling joints. Sheriffs and governors protected bookmakers and casino operators in return for campaign contributions and bribes. In nearby island nations, as described in chapter 4, dictators forged alliances with US mobsters to create havens for offshore gambling and to wield political influence in Washington. Nixon’s Caribbean milieu had roots in the mobster-infested Florida of the 1940s. He was introduced to that circle through banker and real estate investor Bebe Rebozo, lawyer Richard Danner, and Rep. George Smathers. Later this chapter will explore some of the diverse connections of this group by following the activities of Danner during the 1968 presidential campaign, as they touched on Nixon’s financial and political ties to Howard Hughes, the South Florida crime organization of Santo Trafficante, and mobbed-up hotels and casinos in Las Vegas and Miami. -
The President's Men'
Journal of Popular Film and Television ISSN: 0195-6051 (Print) 1930-6458 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/vjpf20 All the President's Men as a Woman's Film Elizabeth Kraft To cite this article: Elizabeth Kraft (2008) All the President's Men as a Woman's Film, Journal of Popular Film and Television, 36:1, 30-37, DOI: 10.3200/JPFT.36.1.30-37 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JPFT.36.1.30-37 Published online: 07 Aug 2010. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 78 View related articles Citing articles: 1 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=vjpf20 Download by: [Cankaya Universitesi] Date: 07 November 2016, At: 07:12 All the President’s Men as a Woman’s Film Bob Woodward (Robert Redford) and Carl Bernstein (Dustin Hoffman) on the steps of the Library of Congress. By Elizabeth Kraft Abstract: The author reads Alan J. lan J. Pakula’s 1976 film All the remained fascinated to this day by the Pakula’s 1976 film as a “woman’s President’s Men fits loosely into way the reporters, Carl Bernstein and film.” The vignettes focused on A several generic categories, firmly Bob Woodward, pieced together a case, women witnesses to the cover-up of into none. It is most often referred to as episodically and daily. the Watergate burglary reveal the pat- a detective film or a conspiracy thriller, The film partakes of other genres as tern of seduction and abandonment and certainly the whodunit narrative well. -
From Social Welfare to Social Control: Federal War in American Cities, 1968-1988
From Social Welfare to Social Control: Federal War in American Cities, 1968-1988 Elizabeth Kai Hinton Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2012 Elizabeth Kai Hinton All rights reserved ABSTRACT From Social Welfare to Social Control: Federal War in American Cities, 1968-1988 Elizabeth Hinton The first historical account of federal crime control policy, “From Social Welfare to Social Control” contextualizes the mass incarceration of marginalized Americans by illuminating the process that gave rise to the modern carceral state in the decades after the Civil Rights Movement. The dissertation examines the development of the national law enforcement program during its initial two decades, from the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, which established the block grant system and a massive federal investment into penal and juridical agencies, to the Omnibus Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, which set sentencing guidelines that ensured historic incarceration rates. During this critical period, Presidential Administrations, State Departments, and Congress refocused the domestic agenda from social programs to crime and punishment. To challenge our understanding of the liberal welfare state and the rise of modern conservatism, “From Social Welfare to Social Control” emphasizes the bipartisan dimensions of punitive policy and situates crime control as the dominant federal response to the social and demographic transformations brought about by mass protest and the decline of domestic manufacturing. The federal government’s decision to manage the material consequences of rising unemployment, subpar school systems, and poverty in American cities as they manifested through crime reinforced violence within the communities national law enforcement legislation targeted with billions of dollars in grant funds from 1968 onwards. -
Contention Between Communalist and Capitalist Inhabitants Escort to the Cold War
ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 4 No 2 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) Published by MCSER-CEMAS-Sapienza University of Rome May 2013 Contention Between Communalist and Capitalist Inhabitants Escort to the Cold War Dr. Abdul Zahoor Khan, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of History & Pakistan Studies Faculty of Social Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad-Pakistan, Phone Office: +92-51-9019517, Cell: +92-300-5527644, +92-300-7293535 Emails: [email protected], , [email protected] Doi:10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n2p437 Abstract: In retrospect, the question, (what was the cold war about?), seems to a great extent harder to answer than it probably did to contemporaries, some of whom would probably shake their head in wonderment at the above analysis. Yet if we address each of its putative justifications singly, any clear answer seems to fade into the ether. First, from the U.S. side, was the cold war about fighting communism? As long as the Soviet Union remained the sole Communist state, this was a fairly simple proposition, because communism and Russian/Soviet power amounted to the same thing. After 1948, however, with the emergence of independent centers of Communist power in Yugoslavia and then in China, the ideological simplicity of the cold war disappeared. The United States found itself supporting communism in its national variety precisely in order to complicate the projection of Soviet power. The Yugoslav case has been mentioned; and although the U.S. opening to China would be delayed by two, decades of tragic ideological blindness, the United States did undertake, after 1956, to encourage and cultivate national communism in Eastern Europe in the form of the policy of differentiation. -
Some Sinister Force…
Some Sinister Force… At some point during the evening of June 20 1972 a conversation between two men was secretly taped on a SONY TC-800B reel-to-reel voice recorder. An innocuous machine that uses 0.5-mm tape and was set to run at the irregular speed of 15/16 IPS—or half the rate of a standard tape recorder. In keeping with this low-fidelity recording mode, the tiny lavalier microphones that picked up this particular conversation were cheap and poorly distributed throughout the space. The result was a tape of degraded sound quality produced under deficient recording conditions. Tape 342, as it is officially referred to, is but one of a sprawling archive of approximately 3,700 hours of audio recordings taped surreptitiously by the late American President Richard Nixon over a period of several years. Known as the “Nixon White House Tapes” these recordings detail conversations between the President, his staff, and visitors to the White House and Camp David. Of the many thousands of audiotapes confiscated from the Oval Office, Tape 342 remains by far the most infamous. Not because of the damaging or volatile nature of the information it contains, but precisely because of its 1 absence: a gap in the tape of 18-1/2 minutes. A residual silence that is haunted by the spectre of a man who refused to speak on the grounds that such testimony might be self- incriminatory. In pleading executive privilege Nixon refused to fill in the gap that would return the voice to the machinic silence of the tape and enable the playback of history. -
Extensions of Remar.Ks
July 8, 1970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 23329 EXTENSIONS OF REMAR.KS BRIGHT FUTURE FOR NORTHEAST the Commonwealth, the Department of Com With a good reputation for action it is diffi ERN PENNSYLVANIA munity Affairs and the Department of Com cult to slow the momentum of a winner. merce wm benefit the northeast and other And it has not been done With magic, With regions as they work in the seventies. rabbits in a ha.t--not by any one local, state HON. HUGH SCOTT Once a Bureau within the Department of or federal agency, but with the combined ef Commerce, the Department of Community forts of responsible people, hardworking, OF PENNSYLVANIA Affairs has blossomed into an effective backed by substantial private investment- IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES agency for direct involvement in vital areas with faith, dimes, dollars, of people who be Wednesday, July 8, 1970 that have mushroomed into prominence in lieved it could be done. recent years. I believe it is an unheralded Specifically, the pace was set Dy successful Mr. SCO'IT. Mr President, on June 6, blessing for the citizens of the Common industrial expansion and relocation pro 1970, the secretary of commerce of Penn wealth of Pennsylvania to have such close grams. PIDA activity in a seven county area sylvania, Hon. William T. Schmidt, de cooperation and such common dedication of northeastern Pennsylvania resulted in 241 livered a speech to the conference of the among the personnel of two organiz.a.tions loans in the amount of $58,760,000 since 1956 that can provide so much assistance to them. -
OF REMARKS June 15, 1970 \ 1 403
i \ 19784 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS June 15, 1970 \ 1 403. By the SPEAKER: A memorial of the State of Dlinois, relative certain benefits for kyu Islands, relative to removal of poison-gas State of Illinois, relative to amending the the mentally 111 under the Social Security weapons from the Ryukyu Islands; to t he !\ Social Security Act regarding rehabilitation Act; to the Committee on Ways and Means. Committee on Armed Services. sites for the mentally 111; to the Committee 509. Also, petition of the Gushikawa Cit y on Ways and Means. Assembly, Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands, relat ive 404. Also, a memorial of the Senate of the PETITIONS, ETC. to U.S. military personnel stationed on Oki nawa; to the Committee on Armed Services. St ate of Illinois, relative to amending the Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions 510. Also, petition of the board of com Social Security Act to provide certain treat and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk missioners, Newport, Ky., relative to exempt ment for the mentally ill; to the Committee and referred as follows: ing the Delta Queen from the provisions of on Ways and Means. 508. By the SPEAKER: Petition of the the safety-at-sea law; to the Committee on 405. Also, a memorial of the Senate of the Gushikawa City Assembly, Okinawa, Ryu- Merchant Marine an d F isheries. EXTENSIO ~NS OF REMARKS BREAKTHROUGH IN CANCER Federal Government funding; his own cially inbred mice by the end of June. RESEARCH life savings, now exhausted; and public And now, the miracle. contributions of more than $25,000 raised Five minutes after I mentioned this when his financial plight was publicized last night, a Coronado woman called to HON.