B E N P G R IF F IT H an o l E U T . . . , fficer

r ’ iA D L n s cor s s aid to a in e a c ey p , h ve been the first per m an ent settler in the town — o r pa r is h of Wo o dstock From a n oil

p a inting .

C H A P T E R I .

aking t o pla ce before the pu blic s ome impress i ons and facts of d nd a a a a a c ounty an , incidentally , o f Victor ia a M d w sk , my ide is

o m a al to establish a guide post here and there , which , with the c pious tter

n n o a re ady published , m ay a id s ome one in the future , with a incli ation to l c l

o a f o o f A hist ry in the l arger t sk o editing a c omplete hist ry the c ounty .

good d eal of l o cal tra dition ab out the upper S t . J ohn Valley c ountry i s

worthy o f more permanent rec ord . l ve h ave le a rned th a t hi st ory t o b e ih

r s in f n d an te e t g , consis ts not o nly of the d oings o kings a c ourtiers d s oldiers an d th e d escripti on of b attles , in m any c a ses , m ore bl oody th an gl o ri ous . h f Indeed , milita rism , as a sp ort an d p a stime , as , we trust , re a ched the end o

n n . n n its long a d cruel d ays , a d a king or other grea t m a is o l onger obliged

a t o have his picture t ken in a gaudy uniform , dec orated in m any insta nces ,

r l with unea ned med als or other par a phan a ia , to attra ct a ttenti on .

h an d The struggles of t e pe ople f or existence an d a dvancement , in a new

r r unsettled country , a e ma de up of the h ard est kind of b attles , f o , while

a n ture in the l ong run , gives its rewards , it gi ve s them only to the m o st

a an d wh c our ge ous d the mo st persistent . The men a n w omen o undertook , a t h first , the he avy ta sk of t e making of N ew Brunswick ne eded st out

r y hearts an d str ong a ms . They have l ong since p a s sed , let us c onfidentl

a n d d h ope , to a sphere le ss ex cting th an they experienced here , a their es c endants have no rea s on t o l ook ba ck up on their c areers with anything but n pa rd o able pride . h w Every student knows th at , in the d ays of t e French regime , Ne Brun

w s a b swick formed a p art o f Aca dia or Aca die . There a c ontinu l strife e

a o a a tween French and English , a nd while tre tie s were c nst ntly being m de

a a s between the two p owers , they were , quite a s c onstantly , b eing vi ol ted ,

a a territor y wa s switch ed fro m on e side t o the other , limited only by c p city t a and o gra sp and to h old . The period was on e of p olite langu ge cunning dipl oma cy . M o st Christian kings and S acre d maj estie s d id things through

a w s a themselves an d their a gents , th at had little , if anything th t a Christi n

hilos o or s acred about them . It is a peri o d up on which the hist orian , the p n n d pher and the n ovelist , l oved to dwell a d ruminate , a to the interested

Page Five reader their lies a well o f kn owled ge on the subj ect in the fa scinating writ

of a P a n ings Fr ncis rkman . In thi s brief a d r u nning sketch , one can only p aus e t o remark th at the impr ess of French civil iza ti on ha s been left on the

ca o of f physi l utline the c ountry , n ot al on e , in th e na me o the g rea t riv er

o o a a which fl ws thr ugh its mids t , o riginally Riviere S . Je n , but l s o in the

’ small er stre ams which still c arry th e n a mes of Presqu ile a n d (ri vi ere ) o r

River de s Chutes . It is t o b e h oped th a t these design ati ons will b e allowed to a a n d a n o rem in th t , in a i c on ocl a stic a g e , they will not b e o blitera ted t

a f r h m ke roo m o mem orial s t o plutocratic m agna tes , w o w ould otherwis e

oo o T s n be f rgotten . wo n ames , indeed , there a r e that might well be a p

to r plied future s ettl ements o l ocati ons , suggested by mention of Archd ea con

0 . a o a n d . W a o e a an d W . R ym nd Dr . F G n ng , sinc by their rese rch writings they h ave contributed invalu abl e ma terial de aling with the history of this

a p rt of the province . A de al of interesting inform ation is to b e d erived from a study of m aps of a i r the variou s perio ds , ccessible in the or g nal o in tru e c opie s . One ma de by Cha mpl ain n ea rly four hundred ye ars ag o gives an extraordinari ly cor

rect outline of th e country as we kn ow it today , c onsidering th e nec es s arily “ f a l imited means o inform ation of the intrepid expl orer . Neuville Fr nce , printed in large letters covers the p art of the c ontinent n ow embr aced in

C anada , fro m s ea to s ea , whil e a sm aller repro ducti on of the s a me n a me is

o h a f printed ver t e p rticul a r p ort i on , embra ced in the e astern p art o M a ine and the province of New Brunswick .

When James the first , th a t m o st dre ad s overeign , who , it would se em , had o t o a a o a a a of e o n thing dre d b ut him but his dre dful v ni ty , in fit gen r sity h inen o f on r a a t gave the co t t North America t o e , S i Willi m Alex nder , sh or ly

m a a fter the year 16 00, h e c alled it N ova Sc otia . At the s ame time , it y be

a remarked , incidentally , ca me int o b eing the b aronets of N ova S c oti , b ear

ers of title s openly bestowed in return for pecuni ary contributi ons , f or King

a ll a of J mes , like a good S c otchmen , was n ot with out a proper ppreciati on

a the v lue of ca sh in ha nd .

W a n d an o a o ith the French king d istributing Aca die y territ ry th t c uld ,

a s and c onceivably , b e embr ac ed there in , to his liege and l oy l subj ec t , the

- English king awarding N ova S c o ti a to his e qu ally lieg e a n d l oya l subj ects , it is n o a ot surprising that ma tters b ec ame s omewhat c onfused . The po r Indi ns must

n of c a a nd h ave had a de spera tely h ard time of it, keeping r u the h nges , on e almos t forgive s th em f or the s tern me a sures they t ook with an occ a s

’ a a e ion al white m an , who intrud ed too c a rele ssly into their enj oy ble p stim

wa s of torturing , s calping an d bu rning . What int erferenc e there with the

f a e a a n d reign o the r ed m an a l ong the middle S t . J ohn v lley , in thes e rly

wa s o e exciting times , wa s by the Frenchma n . H e , b e it kn own , the pi n er , an a a n r a d the e rly pl c e na mes , ot Indian , a e French . The French dventurer nd fo und his wa y up the riv er , in se arch of pelts and animal s , a the French — —1 priest , in ca ses , a cc omp anied him more o ften , c a me c our age ously al one ih sea rch o f the s ouls of India ns . .The w ork o f these l atter wa s alto gether

n a pra isewo rthy , a d their ec clesiastic l repre s enta tives o f the present ha ve the gra tific atio n that if the S t . John river India ns ar e not the very best

a of a a h an — an ha th — exempl rs pr ctic l C risti ity y more t n e rest of us they , at

t a h a ! least , tena ci ously , h old o the f it th t th e intrepid missi onaries exp ound n f h i ed, very ofte , at the risk o t e r live s .

ha h M Meductic , t t is , t e Meductic or edoctec of the Indi an p eri od and the

o o o f - the F h W h l cati n rench Jesuit mission, fl ouris ing ell u p to t e c ession of the o to E la n a h W h c untry ng nd , is ot ex ctly t e M eductic , hich t e traveller a o t h h l ng the S Jo n river kn ows . T e site o f the cha pel , the gravey ard an d h the f ort is ab out four miles further up t e river , on the Carleton side of

E l a n d i e river , is up on the prope rty for m any y ears in the o wnersh p and

on f the a o Ha nd n w o o a H a . p ssessi l te R bert y , o o wned by Ch arl es ill m n

ha s r of t Much be en w itten this interes ting an d his o rical l ocation. Diagrams have been c arefully drawn With no sma ll p a ins a nd printed and fr om thes e on e m a or a n h y f m ll owi g s ome s tretch to t e imagination , a fairly definite

f la f a h a a i a a n d i a a idea o the y o the l nd . S ince t e ntiqu r n the hist or n b ec me — in t erested an interest la rgely stimul ated by the finding of a flat sl ab of h stone , with a Latin inscription cut up on it , b y t e missi on fathers , visitors have been numerous and many obj ects of in terest haVe b een unearthed

h and ti ar Ston e axes , arrow eads , b eads , old French coins s ch like e in the possession of families liVing ne ar by . Curi ous and not reverently minde d

- fin an d b oys , and s ome grown ups , no d oubt , used to d interest excitement

f - a the o of o in unea rthing , under pretence o relic se rching , b ne s l ng buried ‘ h a t a a o o and a far as o red men . This s ort of t ing , l st , bec me n t ri ous s p ssi

o a and ble a s top was pu t to it , s th at the p oor Indi n , roving re stle ss during

n a n his i ef a n d fitful a a his checqu er e ti a d, gener lly spea ki g , br e rthly c reer,

a a a is permitted at length to rest , if n ot in pe ce , t le st in pieces . There is

f r ar no d oubt a s to the exa ct l oca tion o this little g avy d, which, although

- n w a a o fa a o and o a tree overgrown , is o , c refully gu rded fr m pro n ti n , f rms s ort of islet in the l ong stretch of interv ale .

r o a o o o the N ear by the graveya d , pr tected by f rt , str ng , if rude , rep sed

o o f oo o a little chapel of S t . Je an Baptiste . Rep rt s the g d w rk of the f thers f nd n in charge ha d reached the ears of Louis ! IV , a , by royal gift, there hu g in the b elfry a b ell dec ora ted with the fl eur de lis an d certain s acr e d de

n w o two d a o a wa s a . signs . It is o ver hun red ye rs since this r y l gift m de

F or s ome years after the pa ssing of French dominion the bell c ontinu ed to c all u p and d own the river to the fa ithful French or Indian within the hea r h a for a W of a or a n ihg of its tone, in c eerful p e l edding b ptism m ss a d in s olemn toll for s oul dep arted . Change s in th e mission le d to the bell be ing

k a a o of h removed t o Au p qu e , t wn s ome imp ortance in t e Indian peri od , ab out where S pringhill now is . Here it continued its faithful duty awhile ,

Page Seven a a l eventu lly finding m ore perm anent abiding p a ce in the belfry of S t . A ’ nne s a t Indi an villa ge , where it c ontinued to ring and peel and toll until

’ a a a h few ye rs g o , w en fire l a id the church low an d the bell s ounded its

’ o wn F o h W n r re quiem . r m t e m olten ma ss there ere reca st mi atu e bells , s on

venir s of the d ays when the c ou ra ge ou s an d self d enying mission aries de voted their live s to the a meliora tion of th e conditions of the s ava ge an d

roving Indians , who with all th eir cruelty and s avagery , a t least , have it not to their cha rge tha t they rewarded their t eacher s by subjecting the ni

t o h o t rtur ous deat s . With the p a ssing o f the for t and the little chapel at Medu ctic an d the

a f h l ! h f h remov l o t e bel , F rench influ ence , as far a s t is particu la r part o t e n provinc e is c o cerned, c eas es . Bu t students of hist ory a nd l overs of r o

ma nce will l ong be interested in th e story an d study of the Indian settl e ~ h meiit and t e Je suit missi on . M eductic is , not only , the mo st histori c sp ot f h in Ca rl et on c ounty , but on e o t e mos t historic in Ma ritime C anada and i s h f n n wort y o hon or able mention in a y co mplete histor y o f the d o mini on . I “ a a K a an d The Op en H and , written a good m ny ye a rs g o by W . D . e rney , w n n a quite rece ntly republished , e h ave a very thrilli g arr tive rel ating t o

f W h a n d a r a ch this historic sp ot . A tale o romanc e , in hic cruelty c our ge , t e

r m it s n a u s o f on e e y an d fidelity , vividly inter ingle , exciti g det ils remind

’ nd h the a ho n o a o f Fennim ore C ooper s stories , a w ile ut r , o d ubt , drew l rgely h a C11 his im agination , t ere is re s on to b elieve that there is a c onsiderable

u b s tr atu m o f truth a s a foundation .

While dea ling in this curs ory manner With the d ays of the F rench r es

n a a n g ime , it would be highly neglige t t o p ss by extremely interesting

pie c e of hist ory regarding the present C arleton c ounty . The Fr ench King ‘ a n th w h of that day , or hi s represent tiv e o e continent , as , as a s alre ady

i a W s b een s et forth , prolific in h s grants on p aper t all events , a nd a quite

"

as indifferent a s his riva l Engli s h M aj esty to the rights , na turally se em ing

r o a n d to bel ong to the Indi an po s es s s o s . A figure c me s cro s s the stage , a

’ h h h a the h o a a o f S ieu i dwells , aw ile , in t e limelig t , be ring ighly r m ntic n me ’ Rene d Am ou r s . S tudents of the p eriod tell us tha t there Were thre e gentlemen adv entu r s

’ ers o f the n ame of d Amou r s who held seigni ories in this pr ovince . T o ’ r h Rene d Am ou r s wa s al l o cated an extensive t act al ong t e riv er S t . J ohn , “ ” t h h extending from Meductic a u l ong s ault or o t e l ong fall . T ere has been s omething of a d ifference of o pinion a s to th e loc a tion of the l ong

P a h s ault . erh ps t e royal grant or ha d a vague ide a of where it a ctu ally w h h n a s . U p on t e w ole , o e s eems to b e standing on pretty s olid ground in

o of a h was r a ccepting the pinion G n ong t at Gra nd Falls m eant , fo , by seas on

f e a a f h o its s triking pre minence in the n tur l phenomena o t e c ountry , it had r a th fo s ome time p st be en cle arly defined as e grand s ault , and, quite

a a s o c onceiv bly the l ng s ault . Accepting this o pini on a s c orrect;

Pag e Eight i f x

at a w v f f As m ” w

v! / m fti v k ! ! . ” “ M r é Y

qr A V

A x;

a J" f x f f i ’ N gpa t. J' V ¢ y i > $ v s N < M ‘ ” f “ Ii

v v \

H E of o 1 little clump bushes , sh wn in

this picture , c overs the old India n

a a a French gr vey rd t Meductic . Cl o se

a at h nd were the church an d the fort , while Gile s spring is in the ne a r vici

nity .

we find th a t t o the a dventurou s an d evidently business minded

F m a was a o al l f the a a h rench n , ll tted o l nd l ong t e river S t . J ohn f o t an F a n r m Meductic o Gr d alls , d that it wa s kn own a s the s eigniory of Cli n a co h ‘ u rt . ra o n e W g T vellers t upper St . John ill recall the hands om e ‘ ’ and i e of the Re Lo — d Am ou r mien str king figur verend uis G omy s , l ongtime cure at E dmundston an d it is interesting to lea rn that this cour tly old

’ was a a e an f one o f d Am o r cleric line l d scend t o the u s , prob ably the S ieur

‘ of li n c r m a ’ C g a ou t . Conte por ry with the pro pri etorship of d Am ou r s wa s the

V Of oh N ew E unwilling isit J n Gyles , the ngl and lad, who ha s left o n rec ord ‘ his sa d experiences a s a c aptive in the hands o f the India ns and who give s “ o f th h h u s s me id ea o e mout of t e M edu xnakik , which he spelt M edo cks een

” ’ cas is of l a d w e , Bu l s isl n , no kn own as island or Connell Park an d of t he mo e o re pr tenti us col ony a t Meductic .

’ a in h h has ee o a His n me is , al s o, kept fresh in Gyles s spr g , w ic b n l c ted with evident a ccura cy in com paritiv e proximity to the site of the fo rt a nd the a ed W h a to the a of the a church t M uctic . it reg rd v ried spelling stre m

a h o h o of Woo s to it i n ot na to e a a p ssing t r ug the t wn d ck , s i pt r m rk th t

h a h t ere ppears a c onsiderable diversity , generally , in t e spelling of Indian f n ame s by ea rly expl orers an d settlers , e asily acc ounted or , since they were c Wo an d rude a ttempts to a nglicize Indi an rds t erms . When Fran ce a b and oned the few acres of show which on e of her wise

h a f n a acres contem ptou sly c alled C an ad a , t e n me o Ac adia offic ially a d fin lly

r disa ppea red . S o me few ye ars b efore, the Acadians thems elve s o a gre at part of them had disappeared by means of forcibl e disp er sion . Many of them found their way to the n ort h sh ore of New Brunswick an d to the h h banks of t e Upper S t J ohn . Judging fro m the census rep orts t eir desceu

d a a n oo ma f n da nts ar e not liable to is ppe ar gai , very s n . It is a tter o i h h o n) ter es t to note t at the first public m an , per aps , t openly advocate co

n a a scriptio n in the grea t war , was a Fre ch Aca dian , the l te Mr. Justice La n d h t a a a o r y , who expressed suc sen iments in ddressing gr nd jury in the t wn

h a f th i a n ! at h i e f h of Wo o o t e ea s o e o . t o t e dst ck in rly d y c nfl ct Ag i , e t m

S ec ond Riel reb ellion , when Ca rleton c ounty was called up o n t o furnish a

w n w e ba ta io a Fr ench i a comp any in the Ne Bru s ick comp osit t l n , Acad an , C pt

e o E a n Jesse Baker , far outstr ipp ed his f ll w nglish s pe ki g o ffi cers in zeal to be at the he ad of it . a all f h h While it was part of Nova Sc oti , o t e St . Jo n river region wa s

‘ embraced in the county o f Sunbury , and the rest of the future N ew Brun

f a o n swick wa s in the c ounty o Cumberl nd . S me e terprising s ettlers from

’ an n i e n n New Engl and secured gr ts o the r v r betwee its m outh a d St . Anne s

a l an d Wo e t a point , fou nded f rms , bui t mills , rk d up quite a r de . Farther u p, l they did n ot pe netrate to any degree if at a l , but in time t o c om e th eir d h escend ants did , a n d became a far from negligibl e forc e in t e communities where th ey settled

Pag e Nine C H AP TE R II .

NE may be all owed t o d oub t if New Brunswick has any gr eat call to

a o f r h n a h th nk its f unders o its n ame. As t ings have tur ed ou t it c rrie s wit

no e ha n it v ry c rming a ss o cia tions , a d it l a cks b oth originality and dis tin c ti on . It is a c onsta nt reminder of oti r G erm an a ffiliatiOn s of p ast days ,

o We o n he f o t r ‘ s mething w uld , i t light o rec ent m mentous even s , wish t o fo

et B u a h m P Wa g . t t t e ti e, russ ia s ou r bo s om friend a n d Fra nce ou r n atura l and a a inveter te enemy . Wh tever m ay ha ve been the opinion of the offi cial a not al n cl ss , l the l oyal ists held to this view . One was kn own t o spea k i (lign antly of the outra ge on the British pe ople in ha ving to supp ort s o m an y “ a G m a r e We ha d two s who o h and o begg rly er n p inc s . king , th ug t sp ke a n a n a o ha d a a d dre med in Germa n , a d the Ameri c n rev luti on t o t ke pl c e, h n before the third c ould g et the ide a into his not oVer brig t brai , th at to c W ‘ ons er ve the empire , Britons abro ad a s ell a s at h ome must have s o me

En - f me a sure of self government . On e can Und ersta nd the name o f N ew g

n W E h nd h he a h l and , f 0r its fo u ders ere nglishmen to t e c ore , a w il e t y h te d t e

n l E an wh a the B had a n gover m ent , they l oved o d ngl d . But o m ong ri tish re s o ‘ t o h ave any p articul ar l ove for old Bru nswick ? To be su re th ere Was an

e a ttachment t o the H ouse of Brunswick a s representing stable m onarchy , or

r es ctib lit a a h f In4 der ly government and c onventional pe i y . Ac di , alt o ugh o

an d a a he F n h Wh h in a dian origi n, had been a do pted d pted by t re c , ic , e rlier

n an o e a o f or o a e d ays , w oul d o t b e y c onvincing rec mm nd ti n its c ntinu nc . n ’ Tha t it Was n0t c ontinued is a pity . S te A n e or S te Anne s point wa s c h anged to F redericton in hon or of one of the s ons cf Ge orge the Third “ wa ld w who b eca me Bish op f Osn abruck , when h e s six months o . He a s

a a o a i er a im n ever anything more th n bish p in n m e , wh ch , howev g ve h , — h what he was after the em oluments of t e s ee .

r . o h i n a a a Piety d oes not appe ar t a e bee his le ding ch r cteristi c , but it is

n a s aid that he Wa s a brave a d even c pa ble so ldier . The religious a ss ocia

as n had a f S nne ti on w ould h ave be en quite striki g the n me o te . A b een r e

t ain e d.

h was c n s The province , aving b een duly named , divided into eigh t ou tie f

o a a N o h a o and S t . John , Westm rl nd , Ch rl otte , rt umb erl nd , Kings , Queens , Y rk

Page Ten a d w S unbury . York c ounty , with which we h ve to o , a s sub divided int o

“ ” a n f seven t owns or p rishes ; o the west sid e o the river c oming north ,

o ea P W a a n d Woo o n Frederict n , Kingscl r , rinc e illi m dst ck ; o the e ast side ,

’ a nd N o a n Woo o an S t . M ary s , Queensbury rth mpt o , d st ck d N ortha m pton b e

o r a ing the two nort herm ost t wns o p rishes . The l ower b ound a ry of Wood

stock , at tha t time , s ta rting from the S t . J ohn river , wa s at or ab out the

f P okiok o P o er c ou t e m outh o the , s metimes spelt g , s ometimes P o qu iou k an d

o o a i N o a o a h k w s metimes ther w ys , wh l e rth mpt n b eg n where t e N ac a ick , als o

n d e Na r cawi ack a n d o c alled a sp lt , g , pr perly , it is s aid , Na cawica c , empties “ ” t o its waters int o the S . J hn . They extend ed twelve miles into the co untry ,

and ha d o o a f Woo a their n rthern b und ries , o d stock t the mouth o f Trout

a n d of N o am o a t a o a o Woo o o Creek , rth pt n p int b ve U pper dst ck pp o site

P a a of a t Wo o o an h a ine Isl nd . Ad d the p rish C nterbury o dst ck , d t e p rish

t N a of S outhampt on o orth mpt on , and y ou h ave these two p arishes ab out a s t hey were first c onstituted .

And here it must be repe ated th a t this sketch i s not me ant to give a

a nd precise detailed histo ry of the c ounty . T o a co nsider able extent that has o a nd n x i been d ne , will , o d oubt s ome day b e d on e with even more e a ct n tude . My intentio n is to pa ss lightly over , l aying a h and here an d there o a a fe tures th t strike me a s outstanding . He who is intere sted sufficiently to probe deeper will find material at

a h nd . The Fisher Public Library in Wo od st o ck will be found t o c ontain a

a al of w f gre t de intere st , in the ay o b ooks , p amphlets , old almana cs , news a n t p per files , a d o ther m a terial be aring up on the history of the c ounty . Li e r ary inac cura cies in this s omewha t ha stily prep ared sketch must als o be

a a r i reg rded with lenient eye . The wo k s d one at o dd time s a n d it ha s , o n ften be en the ca se , th a t just when the mind an d he art a d hand were

f r a rightly united o the production of a verse or ch apter , m ore pra ctica l t sks

would need t o b e performed . It is n ot neces s ary to dwell a t any length on the deriva tion of the

a of Woo o and No a o o n o o a n mes dst ck rth mpt n . The f rmer , is , d ubt , fter the

ld f a a o b orough t own of O xford shire , with its me mo rie s o the b e utiful Ros mond and the silken c ord which guided the royal l ov er t o her b ower and

a f N a E a o served equally , by w y o a emisis , to direct the enr ged queen le n r

who t a o of a to the hiding pl a ce of her rival , a the severe dict ti n the roy l

h ' n r o f an o f r . I ou sp use , drank the cup o p o ison , d thu s at ned or e misdeeds

youth we a ll pitied the gentle an d erring Ro s a mund , more sinn ed a gainst

a o n d who th n sinning , an d dete sted the hard , conventi nal a proper queen ,

’ f n m an wa s a n Var prob ably d idn t de serve the l ove o a y , even if he ki g . i ous other romantic mem ori e s ar e awakened by the name of Wood sto ck .

Northa mpton wa s prob ably c alled a fter an a dj oining English c ounty . There is nothing espe cially o riginal or distinctive ab out the names of the C arleton

nd a . c ounty parishes . Good , old, s afe , s ober , English , S co tch a Irish n mes

Page Eleven of wo a Th at is a ll . When it c ome s t o the settl ement the t newly n med

m a a o t owns or pa ri shes , a na me emerge s th at im edi tely rouse s curi sity .

“ Woods to ck was b oun d e d on the n orth by the upper b ound ary l ine of. the ” ’ a t gran t t o th e seco nd b a ttalion of DeLa n cey s . Wha t was the se c ond b

’ talion of DeLan cey s an d who wa s DeLan cey ? Here we c ome a cro ss s ome

thing re ally interesti ng .

Authoritie s up on such subj ects tell us tha t distincti on is c onferred on

’ s o D eLan ce a ny name tha t a ppe ars in S ab ine s Lo yalists . If th at b e , y must

a We a b e a distingui shed n ame for it fills s o me eight or nine p ges . le rn from this s ource tha t Oliver DeLan cey wa s a c onspicu ous figure in th e mili

a a an o the t ry o pera ti ons , o n the sid e of th e king , tha t he h d be en ffic er in

s a French war and th a t during the revo lutionary struggle , he wa briga dier

om a con general and the senior l oyali st officer in c o mmis si on . H is c m nd

’ D n e a and siste d of thre e b a tta l ions , kn own a s eLa c y s . They were v ery ctive

a s a t a Wa o e a b ec me o obj ection bl e o the o ther side th t shingt n , hims lf , g ve

r h specia l ord ers to have the m suppressed , one way o an other . But t e order wa s n never ca rried ou t , prob ably bec ause n o o e wa s a bl e t o do it . After the war DeLancey w ent to Engl an d an d in spite of the a ctivities o f his life d and the l os s es b rought on by th e war , he lived to the goo d ol a g e o f ninety . n His s ons a d nephews were c onn ected with his c eleb rate d cor p s . A nephew ,

a n J me s , rais ed a d co mm anded a troop o f light ho r s e , which a cc o rding t o “ ” n o an a a les s uth ority th n Genera l Try on were the el ite of the c ounty . A

’ a and l c D h rd fighting reck e ss orp s , eLancey s light h orse b ec ame known t o

“ o o a s o n a s h a f th eir pp nents The C wb oys , a d their c omm nder a t e Outl w o

L a st the Bronx . oy li s c onsider them a s h aving been of the m os t d a shing ,

a a n d f h br ve , e fective fighting men on t e side of the king . Th e firs t per a m nent white s ettler in Woodsto ck , a s set f orth o n his memo ri al in the

a L ‘ a a a a p rish church , ieut . ( fterw rd s M j or) Benj . P . Griffith , held commi s

’ sion in on e of the DeLan cey s troop s an d had an a ctiv e an d exciting military a c reer during the war . A few ye a rs b efore New Brunswick was ca rved ou t

’ o f N o a S o a t on a n f D Lan c s v c ti , o e hundred d twenty men o e ey sec ond bri ga de or b attali on were all otte d s o mething over twenty f our th ous and a cres of a l nd , beginning at an a s h tre e on the we st b ank o f the river S t . J ohn , ” a o two b ut mile s bel ow the isl and ca lle d Meductic .

a This gr nt included Meductic Isla nd a nd the other isl ands ab ove it . It

a is e sily t o be understood why anyone cl a iming interest in ea rly times , has

a o to b e ’ re s n curious a bout DeLan cey s ba ttal i ons , pa rticul arly , when it is

e a h h a f remember d th t the l and fronting on t e S t . J ohn river in t e p rish o

oo o wa W d st ck , s first all ott ed to the men of on e of the m , an d, simil a rly , th e land in N orthampton was s elected a s the pl a c e of s ettl em ent for the men ‘ o f a o . I hr ou h n ther { g ou t that intere sting c ompil ati on , the U nited E mpire

Lo a a m he a of D L l D Lan c y lists Cl i s , t n me e a ncey app ear s frequ ent y . Oliver e ey puts in cl aim for c omp ens ation an d time and a ga in General DeLancey or , ,

Page Twelve ’ C ol onel DeLanc ey or s ome o ther DeLan cey gives evidence of a cl a imant s loy a or of an lty his se rvices d conduc t during the unha ppy an d frat ricidal , but

inevitabl e conflict . And, yet , while Woodstock and N orth ampton ar e two of the old p arishe s to h ave b een all otted as pl a ces f or settlement t o the men

’ f DeLanc s a e f o ey , the n me , exc pting or its lingering in s ome old family ,

n f ha whose foreb ea r ser ved in o e o the b a tta li ons , s n ot be en kept in rem em n brance a d se ems destined to be quite forgotten , in this p art of th e prov

a n a ~ ince t all events , where o e w ould h ve thought , it would h ave b een es

- a n th f n ( peci lly kept in mind . Th ere is ot e name o a brook , or a hill , nor a n ridge, n or a roa d , nor a s ettlement , nor a sta ti on , nor a ything else tangible

t o keep al ive the mem o ry o f the famous b attalions , which were the origina l

n a grantees of the pa rishes of Woodsto ck a d N o rth mpton , if we except the D ’ cl aim of the Frenchman , Am ou r s , vanishing wi th the p a ssing away o f

c in a n Fren h po wer C na da a d Ac adia . Newburg jun ction which means n oth

w ha a D Lan m a ing, might ell ve b een n med e cey which would ean a g r e t d eal the more so since ab out tha t far up the river the grant to the first ba ttal ion

“ extended The pra ctic al m an snifi s the air an d excl aims mere s entim en

a o talis m , but life , in many ways , dre ry e nough , would be infinitely m re drear y , without se ntiment .

As a c ountry d evel ops in culture and we alth , s o it c o mes to take the f more interest in its pas t . C arlet on c ounty is visited by thousands o pe ople

every summer , who , more a nd more , ar e enquiring ab out its early hist ory .

in r c Old pla c e na mes , o ne o f the e asies t an d m ost s a tisfa ctory m eans of st u n f n d tion , sh ould only b e chang ed for s ome very good a d su ficient reas on , a

a . when it b ecomes nec es sar y to sele ct new na mes , they should b e such as b e

a of a a o a up on s ome po int of historical interest . Ab out a qu rter c entury g memb er of the Lenox (New York) Lib rary s ta ff ca me to New Br u nswick an d pra ctically walked ov er th e c ourse which the Indians ar e b elieved to ba r

E o a foll owed , as they c arried with them , John Gyles , the New ngland b y , c p

nd a condtion s a tive, whos e instr uctive a interesting di ry , written under th t

f a show wond erful fortitud e , has a ttra cted a nd h eld the a ttention o historic l

’ f DeLanc e d n o a a o students , ever ywhere . The men o y s o t ppe r t have be en allottm ents an a a few altogether s atisfied with their new . At y r te , within years after the formation of N ew Bru nswick , many o f their grants b ecame

s escheated or fo rfeited , presumably f or n oncompliance with governmental reg

— h t o u latio ns , and were r e granted to others , mo stly to lo yalists , w o wi shed

r to o a had no remove from e arlier l oc ations o wh m gr nts t yet b een made .

we oon an of o a e o S t . o Co an d s find influx l y list s ettl rs fr m J hn , Kings unty — - h els ewhere , whi le pr e loya lists and others presently j oin in t e u p river move nd a an ment . Many of their names continue to b e b orn a in sever l inst ces , their dscendants o ccupy the lands originally granted by the Crown t o the anc estor . The more cl osely c onnected his tory of the county now b egins . C H AP TE R III .

O ODS T O CK and o a to o th e two a f N rth mp n c ntinue d p rish es o York , h furthe st up river , until t e year 1803 , when all tha t tract of c ountry lying a nd being ab ove the towns of Woo dstock and No rth ampton and extend h ing to the White M arsh , three mil es ab ove t e garrison at Presqu e Isl e in elusive an d thence extending on a lin e p arall el to the upp er b oundari es of

w a w h the t o o lder p rishes , as c onstituted t e p arish of Wa kefield . The m ove

w s ment up river a devel oping a nd growing , an d it was nec ess ary to ta ke

a a c m in new l nd s t o c o odatc new c o mers . S kipping for the moment ov er a f spac e o eighte en years , during which eighteen ye ars a va st amount of w ork w a s a cc om plishe d in b ring ing n ature int o subj ection , we learn fro m the “ word s of an a ct of the legisl ature th at a ll th at p ar t o f the c ounty of York a bo ve the p arish of Wa kefield on b oth s id es of the river St John is erected into a town or p arish to b e distingu ish ed by the na me of the Town or Par ” ish of Kent .

In 1830, all that p art of the parish o f Wakefi eld on the ea st sid e of the

wa o a o n or a a o f B r i h river St . John s c nstituted new t w p rish by the n me g

r o a th ton . No m ore town s or p ari she s a e t b e cre ted until e time com es h for the separation of C arl eto n from Yo rk c ounty . And b efore d eal ing wit that imp ort ant m ove , s ome attenti on must b e p a id to conditi ons and events f in tho se pa rts of Carl eton c ounty, th at w ere o riginally o York .

Almost all the first permanent s ettl ers w ere l oyalists . In the c ours e of was the a short tim e others cam e in and infuse d new bl ood , But such first n eans n a m in r e c ondition . The l oyalists had not all , by a y m , b ee f r ers p he a m e the os t war d ays . On the c ontra ry , judging fro m t cl i s sub mitt d , m a and to o f ec of th em were townsp eopl e , inh abitants of the vill ge s wn s C onn had e o e t o e a e ti out or other nea rby s ta tes , where th ey h ld pr p r y , in s m c s s ma b e a e for r a ed a a c onsid erabl e , in o ther c as e s small . It y t k n g nt th t m ny a of th em were in comfortabl e circumst nc es .

Peo pl e contente d with their surroundings do not ha stily j oin the ra nks

e not of a e e a . er a of revolution , as a rul e . But th ey w re l isur d cl s s Am ic f r the e and e the o e n ever has b een , and is not n ow fertile s oil o idl , whil n bl

Page Fourteen

o o a o o a a e the rev luti n ries , r , in s me r re c s s , if he did s o, that it was only at i of a n d the be g nning the struggle under dures s . He had likewis e to pr ove his a oo a a gener l g d ch r cter . When a m an had pa s s ed through the hand s o f o o had the C mmissi n , h e good rea s on to cl aim th at he wa s a fa irly goo d sub

j e ct . I c loa list n this respe t th e y subjects were unique .

Of c ours e the Wood stock s ettlers had p as sed all through this b efore the ‘ a a to m l he o s l nd s were gr nted the . { y set t work with a goo d will t o ma ke of n ew th e b est the surr oundings , s o tha t within a few y ea rs they were abl e t o o a a o and m r ep rt gre t d evel pment improve ent in the c o nditions .

‘ fe w a ha e a w The fi rst ye rs must ve b en extremely h rd . But t o o r three

a e e ha d a winters p s s ed , the experi nc th ey g ined , pl a ced them in a much m ore a a a o a o dv nt ge us situ ti n . They knew wh a t to expect and how t o prepare for w . at ea as a a an d w ma it Fuel l st in bund nce . e y a ssume that th eir log m o a . e a o h o not b c n n h uses were w r V ntil ti n t ey w ul d e much o c er ed ab out .

o ot of a They c ul d get l s th t by stepping ou t door s . N or were they without

oc a h their s i l diversions . They knew t e valu e of s oci al interc ours e and tha t a a a to f merry he rt is s ut enemy o the blue s . M ore over it was not so very far a a e o a h ad to h f r b ck th t th ir f ref thers put up wit a wors e conditions , wh en th ey found ed the l and from which many of their de scend ants were forc ed t An d at a a f a o flee . they le st were s p red the h ostility o Indi n trib es . Th ere was no fea r of awa king a t ni ght t o th e gentl e t ouch of the tomahawk. S o

th ey had their s o ci al festivitie s , and at Chris tmas tim e , pa rticul arly , ther e w a s quite a round of tea partie s f or the old an d d ancing p artie s f or o th e y a f th oung . The room for d ancing must h ve b een limited , but so me o e m ost dreary of such perform ance s in thes e enlightened days ar e held in va st

a h halls . It is the spirit that go e s with the p arty that m k es t e succ es s or

h a o f h a c failure of it . T e goo d , kindly p rs n o t e c ommunity p rt i ip ated in the se inn ocent and h elpful festivitie s an d found no thing uns ee mly on sp ecial

' n a ff a a i e occas ions , i hims elf c lling o qu dr ll . s Me ans of c ommun i ca tion were of c ours e limited . As s oon a p ossible ,

n a ou t and a s e as e o e . The roads , rud e o d oubt , w ere l id , tim p s d w ere impr v d a nd riv er was the grea t medium of c ommuni ca tion with the ou tsid e . C n oes a

- h ce in the i e o e a tow b oa ts were util ized , and in the winter t e i r v r f rm d w he t e of B os highway . C ommunica ti on s oo n b ecame establish ed ith t ci i s ton and New York an d o c casion al b ooks and paper s cam e to the inhabi~

a o Ha a and om th e o d co n . t ants from these pornts , as w ell s fr m lif x , fr l u try a a o so e H ere and there a printed b ook of early d ays , a diary s lv ged fr m m

- and o ed and o as ru bbish storing a ttic , a bun ch of letters , kept s rt b und up , " a e o the of l etters even of a priva te n ature u sed to b e kept , h v f und light t a t en day and h ave reve aled a tru e and a ccurate picture of he times . P r i a f e e ee who lar ly notic eabl e among th es e finds , is the di ry o Fr d rick Dibbl , al f he of En came with the new settl ers , pra ctically l m emb ers o t Church g a a o o l and , and was their first p astor . This esteemed cl ergym n did g od w rk

Page Sixteen for po sterity when h e kept his al mo st da ily rec ord of eve nts in the str ug a of ia o gling th ough growing community . His di ry is p ecul r interest , sh wing c o a o n the progress an d devel opment fro m year to yea r , touching ur ge usly o

a e a of a o o the ha rd s hips , and giving spl ndid ide th e clim tic c nditi ns in the o e o a s all o various sea s ons . He se ems to h ave kept p n h us e , did , in th se

a Th e e wa s l o an d d ays , a s far as they were ble . unexp ect d gue st we c med wa n to t o an d given the chief se at at the b oa rd . There s o ho tel send him ,

n i of os a o a a t o a a o get rid of him , a d the sp rit h pit lity , l st pp ren ly n w d ys , w uld d m ha e . have fo rbidden s u ch treat ent , if there be n ” r wa a a d In 1803 P ars on Dibblee , as h e s gener lly n afi ectionately called f f rep ort ed t o E dward Winsl ow , then Administra to r o the provinc e to the e f c s n N a e t th at the p opul ation of Woodstoc k wa 3 80 a d o rth mpto n 32 8 s ouls , that there was a good su pply of cattl e an d hors es , a n d tha t whe at , India n

c orn , oa ts , rye , flax an d h emp had b een succ essfully grown an d th a t v eg et “ ” ables in p r ofusio n had b een rais ed . He a dd s tha t the l ands b ack of the

s n a fir t tier fro m the river , a s we m ay call it , were excelle t in qu lity , the “ “ l a nd b etween u s an d the Ameri c ans b eing of the very b est kind . All auth orities a gre e th at it is superi or to a nything they a r e a cquainted with in ” or an this y other c ountr y . Perha ps , something o f exa ggerati on here , but the goo d pa rs on wa s what we wo uld call in these d ays a b ooster an d not a

kn ocker .

a a l At the s me time Mr . Nich o s on r epo rts a sub s tantial growth in the

l of a a sett ement the l nd b ove Wo odstock . Just where the American b oun da w ry as , continue d to b e a ma tter in d ispute for many ye ars to c ome an d

a a. war ne rly led t o . S imil arly , the b oundary of C ana d a was unde

fined . But th at is an other story , and will b e bri efly touch ed upo n at a l a ter

stage .

Woodstock p arish m ay cl aim to b e the pa rent of the settlements s u b

o t o f th s equently f rme d wi thin the limi s e present c ou n ty . And l and ha s

m a n in re i ed , up on the whole , l onger there , the po ssession of de scendan ts of

o a a e a a e e . e the rigin l gr nt e s th n nywhere ls H re , if anywhere was to be found a type of the old fa shioned Tory , with his stirling virtues and his n stro ng prejudices , with his d evotion t o church a d state , his fondnes s for tra dition and his dislike of innova tions . An attempt at a pen picture o f

a on e of them m ay n ot be uninteresting . In the first pl c e , he wa s d evoutly religious with a srong sens e of an o verruling Providence guiding his eo , p ple in th e wildern es s o f New Br unswick , a s He guided the children of n has h Isra el , in the a ges of l ong a g o , a d as He ever since guided th ose w o w n t pl aced their trust in Him . But while religious , he as o pur ita nical . He f had had a ta ste o f purita ni sm, ha d perhaps been o it , but he had disca rded

a a s a a a o . it as too gl oomy , too h ard , too s evere to rem in l sting inspir ti n

a was a o There had been good in it and tha t good he ret ined , but there ls e and r e evil in it and the evil of it he put away . It was well to b e m rry

Page Seventeen o th j ic e with e j oyful , a s it was well t o shed te ars and m ourn with the ai flicted a . And bo v e all things it wa s well t o be che erful . His c onstant m an u al of o o w h d ev ti ns as t e B o ok of C ommon Prayer , which he rea d a t ho m e as a e s well s in church , and which he regard ed as s econd in s a cred n s on ly t o h the Bibl e. There a s c ome down to m e a n old l oyalist prayer b ook , with a oo a of La w d e ngr ving th e st S upp er, by B ewick. The finger marks show h w n o l ong a d faithfully it wa s u sed .

Politically the old Tory was a fir m b eliever in m onarchical government of o a r the c nstituti on l kind . Republic anism he rega rded with abho renc e , a nd l k d n l m oc e u pc it with uch the s ame a version , with which many people r e

a g rd s oci alism of t od ay . The F rench Revoluti on seemed to j u stify his views

that speaking genera lly , rev oluti on was th e p arent of anarchy . We , who in

r ou r ag e a e exp eriencing the Rus sian deba cl e , should have little difii cu lty W i w in unders tanding his ve po nt . With him , a uth ority as t o b e obeyed . If h a f or e ed o e was t o b e o e a t e uthority th e time b ing se em ppr ss ive , it b rn s h a f pa tiently a s p os sible , with the firm a ssuran ce th at , throug h t e m gic o

the British C onstitution , matters w ould be duly righted . He was indus

r im t l w b o ed . tr iou s , b elieving that f o h a al events it a s well to e busily empl y

a was an d o was not to s o H is c onception of the f mily life s ound , div rce b e n e much as named . He laid grea t s tre ss on hono r and h o es ty . To b e s olicit d

w T o o was t ar f or his vote a t an election as to b e in sulted . sell his v te o p h or th o o of take of the s in o f E s au . He dis cuss ed wit his neighb s e c nditi ns

f a a ce for his e or th o oo for the far min g , the pro spect o f ir p ri lumb r, e utl k ’ a o of da and s eas on s crops , but he als o di scuss ed the gre t qu es ti ns the y , he “ — d a kept in clos e t ouch with afi air s at home as he e ven yet ca ll e Brit in , nn o was u a an d was intere s ted in world ma tters . British c o ecti n his nf il ing

a a f e e a a a da e o political creed, and th t m ny o his d sc nd nts , in l ter y w er sus m so e e a i e to the oct ne piciou s o f C onfed eration ay be, to me d g re , ttr but d d ri d al wa n ot o e a a r of e o they inh er ited . The ol loy ist s int l r nt , in m tte s r lig i n na h on i the e . i sa a er s o , e or ra ce , at all events , c s id er ng tim s It s id th t , p lly a o ac an d got on well with the French Acadians with who m he c me in c nt t, a o f o or that there was mutu al ki ndly feeling b etween them . Wh t religi us n ew e and he old ad s oci al ac ri mony devel ope d l at er , wa s b etween se ttl rs t Ac ian s The old time T ory l oyalist was p ra ctica lly c onfined to the o ne gener . an H a e ou t o f s h not ou t of e or . E , a tion. e s oo n p s s d ig t , if m m y ven in m y

a e cen a a e to o e his o e e o ld ca s es , his immedi te d s d nts c m c nsid r views h p l ssly a r is r en of one who fashion ed and ou t o f d ate . In an old newsp pe w itt , ma y well b e s aid to have exemplified the typ e :

H e came with a b and of l oyal is ts fro m all the c omfor ts and enjo y n H e saw e ments o f ho me for the s ake of hi s Church and Ki g . wh re the H e a t e a r e city of S t John now stand s a dens e and drear y for est . f rw rd s

o a a ess . e r e moved to this plac e , at that time , for the m st p rt , wildern H he — u a s a c ee f co n re sided obliged at times to s tru ggl e hard , b t alw y with h r ul fiden ce to a a and a , m int in educ te his family . Amid the many changes he

to i o a lived witness , he still pursued his retir ng , un stent tiou s c ours e , firm as at his i o an d his o a . first , in relig n , his integrity l y lty , yet res pected and b e o r h al a l ved y l round him, many of whom c onsider ed that his principle s be ” o to a - o a e Not a b ad l nged bye g ne g . trib ute , this . Writing of the revo “ lu o nar war — ti y , Goldwin S mith says : Perhaps in the whol e conflict the

o n ar e a a f a three n blest thi gs , the ch r cter o W shing to n , the behavior of the a at a n d rmy V lley fo rge, a d the evotion of the b etter cl ass of l oyal ists .

Years p assed sl owly or ra pidly as years always pass depending l argely , , , on on e o o l Th d whethe r is y ung r o d. e evel opm ent of th e country , all

o w s things c nsidered , a wonderful . Timb er , which found a rea dy market by its

e o a h r m o e ! r m v l fitted t e lan d fo cultivation . Far ers f und n o difii ulty in dis

s in of was n h wn a po g th e surplu s crop , if there a y , after supplying t ei r o w nts .

As soon as the c ountry b ec ame well filled with shee p , they furnished the w n h oo l a d a busy S pinning wheel was in every house . T e maple tre e su p

plied them with sugar , not as a luxury , but a s an every day us e . Mills he

a f c ame s oon established , which if n ot the el abora te industri l c once rns o n a ha d a o and the present day , fulfil led their modest ne eds . Gra i r is ed by r l b r he and e h i to deep swe at of the brow , p as sing between t upper n t er m ll s ne , Wh he was turn e d into whe at and buckwhea t fl our for their own supp ort , il e t a a ood e f or bran served for th e cattl e . Buckwheat flour , st ple f , just suit d was t ha oa a the ha rdy lives thes e sturdy pioneer s lived , o them w t tme l is

r h a nd t o i da ha s not os t o u a . In o wa s t o the Scotc m n , a th s y it l its p p l rity w a h to o on lo o and e time , sa mills en bled t em impr ve the g h use s timb r " ” f frames were lifted into pl ac e by the ra ising bee s a. com binati on o work

wa s a o of e e and and s oc ial pleasure . The re a l rge c mmunity int r st , when trouble or s orrow c a me to one family the neighb or ing familie s did all in e no of o a n e their p ower to mitigate it . There w re pr es si n l urs s , but there was skillful and tender nu r s ing le arnt in the schoo l of experi enc e and given

a with out h op e o f rew rd .

Mark Twain s a id th a t while much was wr itten of the ha rd ships of the

a n o wa s a of o h r wh f thers , thing s id the Pilgrim m t e s , o had not only t o put up with the sa me hardships but had t o put up with the Pilgrim fathers as T ht a f h well . he same mig be s id o t e l oyalist mo thers . As s oon as p os sibl e

w o n f provision a s m ad e by g ver ment or schools . A su m of twenty pou nd s w o n an n as all owed for each sch ol buildi g, d i creas ed to thi rty p ound s a year , w hen their was a school ma ster or mistres s . Thre e su ch a id ed schoo l s were a h w ll owed for e ach p arish . T he l ocal government of t e county as , as in all

n f a a o o the c ounties of th e provi c e . Justices o the Pe ce were pp inted fr m

a . P among the leading and m ost intelligent inh abita nts , and to b e J . in h those days was not s omething ha d for the as king as it is to d ay . T e jus tices met in sessions and trans acted such business of a l ocal nature a s was a o ed to e a n of ar h of ce and e of the a s ll tt th m, the n mi g p is fi rs the s tting t xe

Page Nineteen h e and s o forth . From their numb er were formed t e infe ri or c ourts o f com m on pl eas and Genera l ses sions o f th e P ea ce b efore which ce rta in smaller

n nd o n u or two us at matters , civil a d criminal were tr ied , a e j s ti c e j tices s

wa n t a of o e e up on even minor m atters . There s o much m chinery g v rn m nt , w but it appears to h ave served the need s . If the machinery a s simple th en ,

- perha ps it m ay with re as on b e s aid to b e over co gged n ow.

Page Twenty C HA P T E R I V .

é

HILE matters were progre ssing favorably with the new settlement ex~

citem ent was a roused by the news that war had once more broken

‘ ou t between G r eat Britain and the United Sta tes . Of all us el es s and mi ne c a a w f - ess ry w rs , this ar o 18 12 se ems to have b een the mos t us eless and

' unn ecess ary . If to Great Britain is to be attributed the grea ter blame for “ ” the revoluti onary war , to the war hawk politicians of the middle States

s impartial hi tory a ssigns m ost of the bl ame for the war of 1812 . As mat ters turned ou t N ew Brunswick wa s not s eriously affected , though it cannot b e s a id that it was not endangered . Onc e war breaks ou t , th ere is no saying

ow h it will end . Like an uncontrolled fir e there is no surety till it is ou t .

Maine was not at that time in existenc e , nor c onstituted u ntil eight y ears ‘ later . It is ra ther curious to l earn tha t the govern ors of Ma ss achusetts and New Brunswick, respectiv ely , gave ord ers , that all acts on the frontier likely to le ad to c onflict w ere to be av oided . Enemies at war do not g en er all a c s o be o e a a wa ot tav y t , but it must b rn in mind that M ss chus etts s n l or ab e to the war . The incident of the heroic march o f the l o4th Regt . from Fred ericton to Qu eb ec has be en very thoroughly d ealt with . The long

ha tramp to Quebec of cours e took the s oldi ers through Woodstock . It s a b een persistently cl aimed , in connection with this famous march th t not a ood man was l ost , but Pars on Dibbl ee p ositively records the burial at W

h w o th a an stock oi a s oldier of t e l o4th . Everything as d ne by e inh bit ts f a r es to acc omoda te the regiment as it pass ed through , by way o tempor ry t em e ing qu arter s , supplementing t heir suppli es and by assisting th on th ir w a a eo e furth er way . One of the early and influenti al s ettl ers as C pt in G rg ’ H h ee an ofiicer Bull , whose allotment of land was at Bull s Cre ek . e ad b n

i h a o n r e . A n the revolutionar y war , and 3. friend of t e unfortunate M j r A d t

ra ho a . The his home, many of the officers and m en found temp o ry spit lity h military connection with the war did not end with the farewell of the l o4t . a Orders were given for the mobilization of the York county emb odied militi , oo oc and its first c all for active s ervice , and a draft was mad e from W dst k h a e an ocee ed to t e nearby parishes . A comp any was promptly r is d d pr d

Page Twenty - O ne Fredericton, where it took its pl ace with the regiment held in barracks “ the e to be ea in an ca e of e e e his e e Yea s f New r , r dy y s m rg ncy . In S v nty r o B unsw c e r i k Lif , publish ed in 1890, Col. W . T . B aird t ell s of having in his o e n h ’ p ss ssio t e ord er b ook of C apt . Richard Ketchum s c ompany (Wood s tock) emb odied militia (with its first entry January s econd 1813 ) which he “ ” s ea of a a m i p ks s po e in tself and says , may at some future day b e val u ed as containing interesting and imp ortant hi storic d ata of an exciting r f r B a s t uggl e o ritish supr em cy in Canada, and of the m arch fro m the garri " a i son t F red er cton of the New Br unswick c ontingent, the gallant l o4th. All effor ts to find this r ecord have fail ed and the stor y of Carl eton county s h must b e o much t e l es s interesting by reason of its l os s . M ore fort un ate l ' y, the ord er b ook of M aj or Jas . A . M a clau chlan s second b attalion of C arl e a ton county militia , b egun in 18 37 , is va il abl e and a ssistanc e in getting at the facts of military a ction at the time of the p assing through of the tr00 p s in 1837 and the calling ou t of the d raft two years l ater , occa sioned

by the b oundary dispute, is thereby given .

M any of the disband ed s old iers of the l o4th s ettled on l and ab out the n Presqu ile. Soldiers of the New Br unswick F encibl es a d other regim ents were als o given l ots of l and in the parish es of Wakefield and Kent . O ne of the ver y firs t grist mills establish ed in the c ountry was at the mouth of the B ecagu imic and s ettl ers in the lower Woo dstock pl ot s used to take a en m e w grain th ere to b e g round . The s ettl ers e rly in th eir exp eri ce t ith much d iscouragement in a seri e s of wet and cold s eas ons with an almost wa a entire failure of crops , s o that a veritable famine ensu ed . There s time wh en they had to pay as high as $ 17 for a b arr el of r ye flour and e government was obliged to appropriate money for th eir relief . S till , th y o p ers evered with c ommend able ten acity of purp se. ” “ an s An Inhabitant of the Provinc e (Peter F isher , s en . ) in in tructive

t e oo 182 5 e u s an e es en e. The an in a e li tl b k, ( ) g iv s int r ting p p ictur l d W k “ e a r ea ar of fi eld , he say s , is of a sup erior quality , cover d with g t v i ety h u n e o th timb er of the tallest growth , unincumb ered with muc d rgr wth , e trees standing in most plac es s o far apart that a man on horseb ack would f a ad a a e to the be but seldom incommoded by th em . Thi s is o gre t v nt g settler as it relieves him from the great l ab or of cl earing away the und er .

a of he co r . s fine bru sh , which is so troublesome in some p rts t unt y Thi tract is not confined to the river but is found in s ome plac es to improve “ an o h o In a o a e he a s ood oc a s you adv ce int t e interi r . n ther pl c s y W s t k a nd ma a fine a ea an e is generally well s ettl ed . The hous es ar e ne t a ke pp r c ” as the traveller passes along the r iver . e ar son i b ee r e On one of his regular pas tor al vi sitations to K nt , P D b l “ " — f h l 4th cords total children in the militar y s ettl ement old soldier s o t e o , — 0 of o he s e ed 9 8th and oth er r egiments to the numb er of 3 6 , wh m chri t n s oo i the s rict u er about two hundred. He makes note of three ch ls n d i t , nd

Pace Twenty o Two

' a of e in h o n of p rish K nt, t e c unty of York . An d h ere we reach a incid ent imp o rtance .

F or years th ere ha d be en a burning qu estion as to the b oundar y b etwe en the a r wi z k St te of Mas sachus etts and the n ew province of N ew B u n s . As one e o oo u o i driv s fr m W ds tock to Houlton , Mars Hill stand s o t pr mine ntly n th e offi ng . It shows up b oldly as the trav ell er wend s his way throu gh o ther

a f a o p rts o C rleton c ou nty , is s een from p oints on the highways going up r c oming d own river and is m ore cl os ely un d er ob servation fro m the M ain e a s t te road. It is ab out opp osite R oyalton in this c ounty , an d is perhaps a

o r a an d mile l es s fro m the pres ent b ound ary lin e . M ars Hill , it is c ll ed ,

t n the tru e o is na me it ca me preci ou s nea r b eing , with other i cid ents , c ause o f a war b etween the U nited S ta tes and Grea t Brita in . F ew pe ople who n otice the rough gra nd eur of this mount ha ve any id ea of th e histori ca l a o a o o e do n ot o a a o con s s ci ti n s c nn cted with it . ‘They kn w th t it is p int ce rning which a stute and abl e dipl omats m ade l arge draughts on their

a e a e a elo s tock of diplo macy, that l oqu acious and p erha ps le rn d l wy rs w xe d

n o a a as ta qu ent a d tires om e ab ut it , tha t such high c ontr cting p rtie s Bri in fi a and and America , exchanged p olite and extremely o f cial notes reg rd ing it, ea a o an that a Eu r op ea n king (not of Bri ta in) , was obliged to r d b ut it , d a e o a s to a study abo ut it , and think ab out it , b efore g iving d cisi n wh t it

o was e a was , and wh at it wa s not . This gr eat questi n , wh ther M rs Hill r n h o a o of formed the no rthwe sterly a ngl e of Nova S cotia, (o o t e f rm ti n e e he o e e a wa s at thi s provinc e , of New Brunswick) , wh th r t n rthw s t rly ngle — at l ea as f ar o th at po in t o r ve ry much farther n orth , at a p oint st n rth a s on a lin e with the mouth o f the Re stigouch e river which flow s into B ay

a of a eto o b e d e Cha l eur . T he wes terly lo w er bound ry C rl n c unty , it will ” “ w h the o as m e n a the m onument . No wit m nu s een , was d efined c o m nci g t r an o a a of ment and M ars Hill to b egin with , as b i ef d c ncis e summ ry the

o an d th e A oo oo war , b e b ou ndary que stion , the dispute d territ ry r st k will

mad e as limited spa ce will permit .

By the tre aty o f Vers ailles (1783 ) the b ound ar ies b etween th e new

a e and o e r o o a St t s the British pr vinc s o p sse ssi ns h d b een outlined, n ot very cle ar ly as events h ave amply proved . As far a s N ew Brunswick was con

wa o f c erned the line s to foll w the middl e o the S t . Croi x river from its w o to its o e . e e as a o a s m uth s urc At onc , th er qu esti n to where the St . Croix mea nt by the treaty was and a co mmis sion o f representatives of the two cou ntri es was a pp oint ed to find this ou t . Edward Winsl ow was the

s ecreta ry to the C ommission . His l etters on the subj ec t and other pap ers in connection therewith have b een published and ar e r emarkabl e not only

a f for the info rma ti on they imp art , but by re so n o their quaint humo r an d literary merit . Winsl ow, in time , ca me to be a very promine nt figure in

New Br unswick . Pr ob ably the b est tribute to his memory is , th at whil e he w held high offi cial position and had ampl e opportunity to fea ther his o n nest ,

Page Twenty - Four no une arned public m oney s tuck to his fingers , and he died p oor , a fa te which d oes not appear to b e the lot o f many of ou r p ublic men of this day . s t f a a The S t . Croix ri ver wa found to be he S t . Croix o Ch mpl in . One n w o wonders how there could ha ve b een a ny questio n , but libra rie s were

a o a a not many , b o oks n ot plentiful , m ps not t o a ccur te . H ving found the

ha f St , Croix the c ommissioners do not appe ar to h av e d much di fi culty in a rriving at the c onclusion that its s ource was the s ource of the Chepitneti

n o of o im coo k , a d s o they came to place the m nument , which is much m re a i or p ort a nce th a n a n ordin ary monument , dividing c ounties or p r shes pri vate lands . The w ords o f the treaty a r e to the effect that a due n orth line is to b e drawn from this m onument until it re a ches the highl ands which t La o o w a divide the waters emptying into the S . wrenc e fr m th s e hich f ll

a a a a a of into the Atlantic o cea n . Pra ctical explorers h ve s id th t the l ngu ge a nd u i the treaty is such t ha t its terms were impo ssibl e of fulfillment , the a a n a timate result of the c ontroversy would ca rry ou t that ide . At y r te a wa nor thwes wherever this due north line found thes e highl ands , th t s the

a o l wa s to a o o ter ly angle of Nova S c otia , and thenc e n ther ine be dr wn f ll w ing thes e hi ghl and s until the nor thwestm os t waters of the C onnecticut river

Two parties repres enting the re spective countri es star ted from the m onu

o n a o du e o an d a a s f ment j urney n rth , when they c me ar a s Mars Hill , was an a there cute difference , the British c ontending that they had there a found the highl nds referred to , while th e Americans c ontended that they th should proceed until the line struck e S t . J ohn river an d thence due north

a a to t La until the highl nds ne r the S . wrence , were reached .

at o om o And here we nce c e int the disputed territory . If the British

o wa ll c ntentio n s right , a the Aroostook valley c ountry a b ove a s ort of zig z a o ea wa a f g line g ing n rly due west , s p rt o New Br unswick , or at l ea st Brit r o a ha d h f ish ter it ry , while if th e Americ ns t e right o it the b ou nd a ry l ine , a h a fter cros sing t e river j ust abo ve Gr nd Falls , where it first bec omes the

ou a o present b nd ry , wo uld c ontinu e t g o due north , throwing into M aine a

f n w o i ll slic e o what is o Vict r a c ounty , a of M ad awa ska county , and parts of m Re s tigouche and e is cou ta in Queb ec provinc e . There was c ertainly , T quite a divergence o f Opinion and it b ecame pla in that n ot much progress c ould be m ade towa rd s a p eaceful s ettl ement unless there was s ome give an d take . S o it was finally decided to refer the m atter to the judgment of the King of the Netherlands (hereinafter called the King to save sp ace . ) N ow, it will be w ell to b ea r in mind tha t M a ine came into the co ntroversy

1 2 n t e a t a a was a all in 8 0, a d it is not o be much wonder d th t M ine fter she f an c ould get , o r t o put it more pl ea sa ntly did not want to b e d eprived o y a e o thing to which she was entitled . Ma ssachusetts see ms to h ve be n m re

a n d S a o f vorable to a c ompromi se s ettl ement , a d the U nite t tes und ubtedly an e was . But before the agreement to refer the matter to the King incid nt

Page TV c aty - Five happ en ed that nea rly led to a grea t d eal of trouble b etween New Brun

and a and of o as a had o r a b e swick M ine , c urs e re sult it be c me ve y cute , e t he an c tw en United S ta tes d Britain . There seems to b e no real ue sti on tha t in the Madawaska s ettl ement the jurisdi cti on was ackn owl edg e d as B ritish . The land s were granted an d a cc epted a s b el on ging to the pr ovinc e o f New Brunswick .

S e o w all a a till the titl t the territory as in d ispute . Anyon e at f mili r a a a with M d w ska knows that there is a pari sh named B aker , a Baker l ake a nd a a B ker B rook in the county , which a t onc e lea d s to the c onclu sion

a a ha th t the n me s figured s om ewhat prominently in its history . And s o it

h . as . Whil e the m ost of the F rench in M a dawa ska district c onsi dered them

to th B no l so s elve s subj ect e governm ent of New runswick , they did t al do ,

' an d those who cl aim ed Am eric an citizenship found supp ort from the a uth or ities in M aine and Ma ss achus etts and t o a c ertain extent fr om the United

Sta tes . O ne, John B aker , a man of und oubted forc e of cha racter proce ed e d to a oo a s n ow a n d a e e bu t e B ker Br k , ( it is ) est blish d hims lf there , sinc he was an Am eri can c itiz en his grant wa s taken ou t fro m the New B r un s

wick govern ment in the n ame of a friend in Wa kefield , on e S amuel Nevers .

a or e a ne e h e oc an s o e ec e a e In sh t tim , B ker , o J s s e W e l k d o me th rs d id d th t th y would for m a s ort of tentativ e republic in the settlement an d on th e 4th of

July 182 7 the Amer ican flag wa s ra is ed and a committee duly a pp oint ed , t h a a a o al to carry on a ffa irs , de ed l and and so fort h , subj ect o t e pp rent ppr v

’ w a o a h of the M aine auth orities , ho had c onfirm ed B ker s titl e t the l nd e

a a of the new o o held . On a day s et for the pr ocl m ti on g vernment Ge rge , M o rehous e a New Brunswick ofil cial went to the sc ene and entered a formal

a a oo a s he protest, removed the Am eri can flag an d b rought it w y . As s n wa f h a a B a wh a ea t o a n e e a s ou t o s ig t M d m ker , o pp rs h ve bee v ry nthusi s tic wa s floa proceed ed to the n ea rest shop and b ought a nother , which duly ted

h ez c o e du e h s e ea he F e er o an d in t e bre e . Of urs in e tim , t i n ws r c d r d i ct n wa o e m ea sures were taken t o d eal with the situation . H ow this s d ne is b st l ea rned by the s om ewhat d etail ed r ep ort of Sh eriff Mill er of York c ounty a e who left Fr ed eri cton early in the y ear of 182 8 with ord ers to arrest B k r ,

’ o r u on a charge of s edition and c onspiracy . Mill er s rep rt is given ve y m ch o o n e as it he o d in detail . H e s pe aks of s ettin g o u t on his l ng j ur y , t n w ul

a a at n ea and a in ood b e , al on e . H e picked up c onst bl e Ki gscl r rriving W ia ee P o ee stock his forc e was increa s ed by the ad dition of Will m Dibbl . r c d e o e a c e of the ing up riv er further he got a warra nt from M or h us , justi wa he a e to his o a a e Peace. Then , a s he kept on his y dd d c mp ny, numb r a e e a on he had a of French j oining him , s o t hat when he re ch d his d stin ti was o e ha a h ad a o p oss e of fo urteen or fifte en men. H e inf rm d t t B ker f rce i e th e of ab out the s ame n u mber and was prepared to resis t arr est . In t m ’ f p arty c ame to Baker s hous e wh ere th ey found tha t with the exc epti on o b e a e b e his wife and two or three men app arently not disp os ed to w rlik , ,

Page Twenty - Six wa s a o o a l ne . After s me lterc ation in which Baker cla imed that he was a n the a ho of a and o s cting u der ut rity M ine , pr te ting his arrest , and in which

a a a o o e a o o a e s o f h M d m B ker evidently j ined s m wh t vig r usly , s w ll a s me o t e men a o d to a o a h an d present , B ke r c nsente c c mp ny the s eriff , in his c are , in a e o he e he was due time re ched Fr derict n w r pla ced in gaol . The matter now a to a on an a be g n t ke intern tional a spe ct . Ma ine and M ass achus etts en ter e d o a o e a a a f Ba f rm l pr t sts g inst the rrest o ker and l ater , the presi dent of th S a e ofli cial a e United t t s ly d em nded his immedia te releas e . H owever he was n ot e a ed oo r le s but st d his trial at F reder icton , was found guilty and wa s to o n sentenced thre e m nths impri s onment a d a fine . The m atter s eem s to a o r o a h ve m re o less dr pped then . B ker in time returned to his home an d a e a e a a h a b ec m ctiv bit l ter w en m tters l ooked m ore se ri ou s . That the

U S ta n ot o o m a f r h l w nite d tes did f ll w up their de nd o t e re e as e o f B aker , a s

ob a t o n h h h h th pr bly due o the p int that o t e w ole , t e rig ts of e cas e were W h h a it t e provincial uthorities . However , the affair left a feeling of bitt er

é nes s which would displ ay itself in m ore s eri ous a ction l ater on . It is inter esting to n ote tha t when the final s ettlement o f the b ound ary was mad e, ’ Ba a was o n h o of h a a o t e t e . o a J hn ker s l nd n rth side St J hn, within C n di n

o ~ a h h n n ~ territ ry . He ccepted t e situati on phil osop ically a d a cted as a indus i o a an a h h tr ns , c pable d l oy l citizen should . After is d eat , his remains were removed to F o rt F air fi eld where a h ands ome monument has b een erected to his m emory . His d es cend ants live at Baker Brook . C olonel Jess e W Baker , n 33 former m ember of the H ous e of Asse mbly , a pro minent m an all his life i the Ca rl eton c ounty militia and the volunta ry captain , as has b een s aid b e fore o f the Woo dsto ck quo ta to the Ne w Brunswick b attalion at the time , of the s eco nd Ri el reb elli on , is a grands on . A m ore fer vent and l oyal Brit ish subj ect and a mo re p atriotic C an adian it would be h ard to find . J ohn

h an e i om a o a a o Baker marri ed S op ia Rice , d it is inter st ng fr l c l st ndp int , e tha t the ceremony of marriage was p erformed in 1822 by R ev . F . Dibble , “ wh e o h a s of the n a now e a o in the register describ d the m b t U ited St tes , r sid ing in M ad awaska .

This incident no d oub t hurr ied the reference of the di sputed b ound ary no e e a que sti on to the King of the Netherl ands , as aforesaid . It is t n c s s ry t o the a o s to enter into the merits of these disputes here , nor o dwell n v ri u a 183 1 steps l ea din u to the referenc e . In due time , to be ex ct in the g p , f o wa s he a e of a king made his rec o mmend ation , which o c urse in t n tur

o T th a e the o a o e M a c mpromis e . o put e m tt r briefly , b und ry utlin d by His was abo e e n ow jes ty , as far as it afi ected New Brunswick just ut wh r it is , an a he following the due line nort h to the S t . John above Gr d F lls , t river a an thence c onstituting the b oundary to the m outh of the St . Fr ncis , d then ’ U e S ate o along the S t . Francis . But the King s d ecisio n gav e the nit d t s m re territory in the province of Qu eb ec than it later rec eived und er the As h ’ — n d W h the burton Webster award . M aine would have n othi g to o it King s n recommend ati on , a d the cons equenc e was tha t the U nited S tates govern me nt d eclined to b e b ound by it and matters remained in the u nsati sfacto ry situation th at they were b efore . T o tell thi s story in s omewha t consecutive fashion it will b e necess ary to drop the d isputed territory ques ti on for the mo ment and d eal with the f very imp orta nt fact of the forma l organiza tion of the c ounty o C arleton . It emerge d from York just ab out the time tha t it appear ed as if mat ters might b ec ome ver y s eri ou s in the lo ca lity a round a nd a b out M a rs Hill , where it wa s r a pidly b ec oming kn own tha t there was a wealth in lumber a nd arabl e l and .

Page Twenty - Eight ’ AR S HILL taken fro m Royalton on N w the e Brunswick sid e . This hill is acc essible on the west or o pp o site

side from that herein sh own , and the summit is frequently visited by picnic

a p rties a nd others . Fro m a photo

gra ph ta ke n by J . Chesley S tevens , of

Centreville .

o a o the an n he a ed o f c me cr ss Atl tic whe ssum the dutie s his office , a fa ct w hich gives us s ome id ea of the progres s mad e in rap id travel even l e v , a a o a ou t of the o i ‘ ing the er pl n e c unt . He ad m nistere d the a ffairs of the pro v ince fro m the date o f his arriv al until 1 809 when he went to England to a of hi spend the rem inder s da ys . He did not re sign the p rovinc e b ein , g “ ” o offi a t g verned by ci ls s yled Administrators until his d ea th . U p on the

o e to ha e a o o o wh l e h e s ems ve b en g od g vern r , much interested in the future

o f the province a nd ready to do a nything within his p ower to adva nce the o f the a a f “ interests inh bit nts . A writer o th e tim es s pe aks of hi m as h aving in every res pect end ea red hims elf to them (the settlers ) a s their c ommon ” an father d b enefactor .

a a o a a e o m a Wh t ever f ults Th m s C rl t n y h ave had, the fault of van ity can not a r t for he has be tt ibuted o him , left no thing in the way of a sketch or

a p ainting to indica te his pers on al a ppe aranc e and rel a ti ons i n Engl and sa , y tha t they n ever heard of his having had his picture ta ken or d rawn or

a e . had o N ew p int d He thre e children , b rn in Brunswick , a so n an d two

a all of o . h h d ughters , wh m d ie d childle ss Thus t is branch o f t e family end s .

o s wa s a an N His nly on midshipm und er els on at Tra fa l gar . Thom as C arl e

ton e n a a a o o dis tinu ish d li s i gr ve , l ng s id e his m re e brother a t a pl ac e called

Na tel S o a E a n a y cure s in c unty H nts , ngl nd , a d th e l egisl ature of New B r u nS

o e a a o ha d e e h wick , s m ye rs g r cted , in t e littl e church o f S t . Swithun near , ,

by , a tabl et to his m emory .

P rovision is m ade in the a ct und er which C arleton c ounty was crea ted where

the o of oo t o to o the o n to be o by t wn W ds ck is b e f rever shire t w , but it is b rne a h wa o o o a o of th in mind th t t is s l ng b ef re th e inc orp r ti n e town , as we now

k o . The o an d a h o f oo o h one an d the a n w it t wn p ris W ds t ck were t en s me , h a e u n a a and there is t is r ther p c liar a d pp rently inexplicabl e c onditi on, th at a c ourt h ous e and gaol shall be erected in the s a id town at s o me sp ot ab ove ” a o r a the M edu xn akeag riv er . There is c nsid e bl e histo ry ab out the lo c ati on

o n d ao h h on ea hed its al a w w o f the c ourt h us e a g l , w ic ly r c fin ch pter hen a fe

’ n d a years a g o , the present hand s o m e a lt ogether c reditabl e building was pla ced where it forms o ne o f the a r chitec tu ral o rn aments of the to wn of

w was t a e o ne h i Woo d st ock . The n e c ounty o h v memb er in t e l eg s l ature ,

wa e a o wa a but b efore an ele ction s held the repr s ent ti n s incre s ed to two . ,

York c ounty had been entitl ed to four members , and it ha d b ec ome the cu s th f h m t om to el ec t two from the upper p art . At e time o t e fo r ati on of the c ounty one of the memb er s for York was Richa rd Ketchum , who ha d con

Wh a t s ide r able busines s interests at U pper Woodstock . en it c me o the question o f th e l ocation of the courthouse th ere Was a good d eal of conten

w a as t o a wa e e a t b e tio n . It a s then quite questi on which pl c e s v ntu lly o “ ” a a as e ee il a c o me the future town , al thoug h as e ch ye r p s d the Cr k v l ge

fl e was o h a showed sign s of forging ah ea d . H owev er in u nce br ug t to be r ,

nd ha the a a a e te was o fe e Ke for the o t a per ps f ct , th t fre si f r d by tchum c ur

Page Thirty h ouse at the rival villa ge two miles up river , helpe d . Anyway for the time “ " a being the ma tter wa s s ettl ed after a hard scr bble , as the chief prota gonist

' fo r s o ha W ca the upper corner put it , t t the U pp er oo ds tock be me the sea t of h a the c ourt ous e and gaol and ls o rec eived the na me , which stuck f or “ a w m ny ye ars of Hards crabbl e . If it as a ha rd scrabble to get the court h ouse origin ally l oc a ted at Upper Woo dstock , it took a much harder scrabble to get it eventually removed to the town . In justice to th ose whose influ ence pl ac ed it where it stoo d for nigh ha lf a century , an d where the o riginal

a s building , dded t o fro m time to time , still remains , it must be aid th at it wa s then a tos s up wheth er the Creek villa ge would ab s orb Hardscrabbl e

r o Hardscrabble ab s orb the Creek v ill age . S peaking of repres entati on in the

a m legisl ture , it ay not be uninteresting to refer briefly t o the qu alific ations

a r o f an e lector and a ca ndid ate . It is of arch aic intere st to n ote th t if e

an o had t o a an a a e a o f quired elect r t ke o th , first , promulg t d in the d ys f George the first , in s upp ort of the reig ning dyna sty an d or extinguishing the t h opes of the pretended P rince o f Wale s 3. forcible if unkind referenc e o , “ a ha d no e bonnie Prince Charlie . The el ector must als o swe ar th t he t r c eived any offi ce or pro mis e o f Offi ce or pay or expecta tion o f pay a nd s o f o forth for his vote . A candid ate had to be the owner o freeh ld to the

a a of £ 2 5 v lue of £ 2 00, and an el ecto r had t o b e a freeholder t o the v lue ,

nd o a i f a n onresid ent £ 50. It wa s the day when the elect or went b ldly h f orward and st ated in a n audible voic e f or who m he v ote d , w ich must

so have b een at times embar a s s in , to sa the lea st of it much les s , under g y , ' present c onditions to g o to the p oll and dr op in a b all o t with S am Bl ack s

' a and o e ou t a nd t ll o o en W h how a ou n me then c m e his pp n t , Di ck ite , gl d y r were to vo te f o him . It will be b orne in mind tha t while C arl eton was p art of York five par

e i — Woo o N o a o Wa a n d i sh s were included in t d st ck , rth mpt n , Kent , kefield

h of o a o of Brighton . It will al s o be no ted th a t at t e time the f rm ti n the

a o ra a l n e w c ounty the l ower p a rts o f Wo od sto ck a nd North mpt n , p ctic l y

a o o . what ar e no w Ca nterbury and S outh ampt on , rem ined in the m ther c unty

The p arish of Ken t a s we have already sh own was beco ming rapidly s ettled la w bo th by English an d French . Therefore in 183 3 a bill b eca me s etting

a nd o o as t o fo rth that , wherea s the p arish of Kent is s o extensive p pul us inc on render the pe rformance of the duties of the parish offi cers therein , veu lent it is expedient tha t it b e divid ed into five towns o r parishe s . One , pa rish c ontinu ed the name of Kent lying ea st of the river S t John a nd ex u tending n o rthward from Brighton t o a p o int o ppo site the river des Ch tes ,

on e o o o r its westerly limit being the co unty line . Wicklow th pp site west side of the river extende d north from the upper b ound ary of Wakefield t o P b e the river des Chutes and westerly to the U nited S ta tes b order . erth gan at the nor thern bound ary of Kent an d extended up river t o the mou th of r on th e o o of i S t o the Little river , while Andove pp site side the r ver J hn

Pa g e Thirty - O ne extended fr om the river d es Chutes t o a point dividing private l and s and l and

he as a milit a a f a s all . ld ar y reserve . Then ca me M a daw sk brie ly de scribed the

a o l nds n rt h of Perth and And over . At the time of the form ati o n of the county there were two very impor

a a s o t o a its o a o t nt m tter in d iscus si n , likely ffect future , th e b und ry questi n , and o o a a the pr p s e d r ilw y fro m S t . Andrews to Quebec . St . Andrews has in

e a o r c ent ye rs bec me a c ontinent renowned summer res ort , but a s a pl a ce of business enterprise it is n ot p a rticula rly c onspicu ous . Ye t , littl e l e s s

a a a th n century g o , when many m od ern t owns were mere clusters o f huts ,

there wa s l aunched from St An drews an a mbitiou s proj ect , which had f or , s a o a m a h tune b een with it , a nticip ated by its pr j ecto rs , would h ve d e of t e f b eautifu l town on the P as s a ma qu oddy , a m aritime city o the first cl a s s . A h c o mp any was for med , a nd in t e de ca de follo wing th e s epar a ti on of C arleton

o o was o o a ed T o o o n th e S t o fr m Y rk , inc rp r t . the new c unty uppe r J hn ir this promis ed gre a t things . At tha t time the b ound ary was s till in the a , ' l s if an ywh ere at al , and it wa h op ed tha t the eventual s ettl ement w ould add

ml a o the Ar oostook Va lley t o the c ounty of C a rl eton . Cer ta y th e o rigin t rs

w an ha o a os of the S t . An dre s d Qu eb ec Roa d d the id ea th at it w uld cut cr s n what is now Aroo stook c ounty to th e S t . Lawrence . An a uth ority o the

s ubj ect urges that it was with this vi ew in mind tha t the r oa d wa s built e a to Richmond many yea rs la te r , but this may be que stioned sinc by th t tim e hop e of the a ddition of Aroo st ook to N ew Brunswick eith er by tr ea ty

or forc e , was pretty well gon e .

But the p articula r p oint to b ear in mind is th at the succes s or co mp ara

tive failure o f the S t An drews and Qu eb ec ra ilway was la rgely l inked up

with the qu e sti on of th e disputed territ or y a nd the settl ement of th e bo un .

d ary line . Ab out 183 7 t his b oundar y questio n b e ca me very formidabl e an d f h ’ m threatening the m ore s o , ina smuch as the fa ilure o t e king s r ec om en , f a m e a r a o Th dation seemed to remove the likelihoo d o s ettle nt by rb it ti n . e Aroostoo k Valley se ction wa s the m ore valuable pa rt fr om a ma terial p oint

of e and o e a o e e on . vi w, b th sid s c st c ovet us y s it w s a an d u a a or There a l so the disturb ed ns tisf ct y condition in M a d awa ska ,

where the French Aca dian s , up on th e whol e , favored th e New Brunswick

s ide in the c on troversy , a n d refus ed in any numbers t o j oin in wi th the i Am ericans , until , at le a st it wa s settle d to wh ch po wer their l and s b el ong “ ” a s n e d . A good d ea l of chea p hum or h b een expend ed o the bl oodl es s h a Ar oo stook war . Bloo dles s by good fortune a nd t e s ving co mmon sens e f h of two militar y men in high co mmand , who knew o t e horror s of war , it

h h a o w turn ed o u t t o b e, but there were ti mes w en t e situ ti n as s o tense, that

very little was n eed ed to bl ow the s moke into a d estroying fl am e . Tru e , a wa r a a o i a a ea f a n ob ody w nte d , s v e a few dventur us spir ts , lw ys r dy or

fight of any kind , a f ew p oliticia ns who c ould b e c ounted up on t o kee p them

f r r s elves a s afe dis tance from the firing line, and th e u sual ba nd o p ofitee

Page Thirty - Two who at all to h o vultures , such time s , true t eir kind , wheres ever the c arca se

o a o . wa al a is , will b e f und g thered t gether But there s re d nger , quickly

t h w a re alized , when one stops o think o e sily , with out the help of l awyers , o can a o a a r a neig hb rs f ll int bitter fight , physic l o leg l , over the p osse s sion

f a w s o a few y rds o f e arth . Here a a l arge , splendidly timb ered and woo ded

a of a a a ab f or a c tr ct l and e sily d pt le gri ultur e , when once its w ealth of lu m , w o ber a s removed , of va st imp rta nce to the British province s a s a means of comm u nicaticn and of equ ally va st imp ortanc e to the U nited S t ates as a ,

a of a o a o a a s me ns preventing th t c mmunic ti n . Brit in , th e un que stioned pos

s s r m a s e o , before the atter c me into c ontroversy cla imed th e right to exer , n w cis e jurisdicti on , a d the N e Brunswick government app ointed J ames A .

c a a f a f o M a l uchl n o And over , w rden o the territ ry , with sp eci al in s tru cti on s

to keep off all tresp assers from either province or state . M aine and M a s sa

h s tts wh a c u e , o cted t ogether , m ore or less end orsed by the U nited S tates , denie d the British cl aim , although there were time s in the controversy when

Wa shingt on dis owned the a cts o f Ma ine .

a In the mean time when a very sm ll sp ark might c ause an expl o sion , lumbermen fro m b oth M a ine a n d N ew Brunswick wielded the axe vig orously ' f a a wher ev er they saw an opp ortunity or private g in , littl e c ring , in their w greed wha t the result might b e , s o that money might find its a into their , y wa of P o o n d t o own p ockets . On the Ma ine sid e s the c ounty en bsc t a the

’ Ma ine man s way o f thinking the Aroo stook an d M ad awaska dis tricts were

’ a a s pa rt of the c ounty of Pen ob sc ot . Yet there were indic ti ons th t the king

’ a a attempt at a rbitration ha d n ot be en all fruitl ess , for thereby M ine s cl im

' an N ew to the Aro o st ook country wa s certainl y strengthened , d Brunswick s

o a a p ositi on as c ontrolling eas t an d north of the S t . J ohn a b ve Gr nd F lls wa s mad e more s ecure .

The first official a ct to c aus e tr ouble sin ce the Baker incident was t aken

a a f the c by M aine in app ointing Eb enezer S . Gre ely to t ke c ensus o p pu w n u n a a a t o s of i e . h as , ot l ation of Ma d w sk , o includ e b th side the r v r T is na turally co nsidered a s an intru si on up on the jurisdiction of N ew Bru n ,

a n o a a o co o a of a i swick, d the pr vinci l uth rities b e ming c gniz nt the undert k ng t a was o b the pla ced Greely under arre st . It is repo r ed th t he b r ught y sher

Wo o o a o to o a ir r egu iff of Ca rl eton c ounty to dst ck , but th t wing s me ll eged

a o o lar ity in the pr ocee eding s the gaoler declined t o t ke him int cust dy , a a o e to a on the o whereup on he was s et at li b erty , and g in pr ce ded c rry w rk o e a o apparently outlined for him by the s tate of M aine . This c ntinu d cti n on his p a rt l ed to him b eing a gain pla ced under a rrest by the provincial

f a o a and o authorities . Then ca me a period o sh rp rem ns tr n ce n te s betwe en and c o ca o b e the governments of New Bruns wick an d M a ine , mmuni ti ns

a and o r o F air field of a . tween the two governors , S ir John H rvey G ve n r M ine n o and a general indi ca tion of the dr afting and mobiliza tion of s old iers o b th

Page Thirt y - Three — sides oi the boundar y line a rather vagu e definition a h a a t t is p rticul r time .

w tr Ther e as ou ble in Upper Canada . Tr oops w ere p as sing up throu g h the S t John r iver counties o n their way to as si st in pu tting down the r e hel n lio s . Maine did not b ecome the les s insistent in he r demands by r eas on of the d u iffi c ltie s of her nor th ern neighb or , a nd quite pos s ibly consid ered

o a o a a th e cc si n p rticul rly opp ortune . At th at time th ere were three mil itia

or in a e on o the e o and a a o c p s C rl t c unty, firs t , s c nd third b tt li ns , c ompris ed of the a ble b odied m en b etwe en the a ges of s ixt een and s ixty , who w ere r e to quired drill at certain time s , and to b e respo nsive to the d raft in cas e of e o s e r w n h s ri u m e gency . It as ot t e volunte er s ys tem but the draft sys m te pu re and sim l e . The fir s t b attali on had its he ad quar t ers at Wood p l stock and c overed all the country bel ow the (now) town to the co unty line and as far as the e at an r a e The e on a a o o e r e up Pres quil y t . s c d b tt li n , m r centl o a ed had its ea a e a n o er and th r r d y rg niz , h d qu rt rs t A d v , e te rito y un er i s t immediate s ur veill ance was the m ore s eriously threatened. Bel ow M ars

Hill th ere was no l and actively in dispute . The s everal c ompanies of the — s ec ond battalion took in the foll owing distr icts z Fr om the upper b a nk o f Li ttl e Presquile to the l ower bank of Big Pres quil e ; fro m the Presquile to the upper line of the p arish ofWakefield ; from the upp er line of Wakefi eld

to the l ower b ank of the river des Chutes ; fr o m the river des Chute s to the

' upp er line of William Everett s oppos ite the Tobique ; fro m William Ever!

’ ett s to the Grand Fall s and to comprise b oth b anks of the r iver S t . J ohn ;

from the mouth of the Tobique to the M u niac ; fr om the M u niac cr eek to the upp er b an k of the S hikitehawk cr eek ; fro m the S hikitehawk to the Wid

' ’ ow Stickney s b el ow Presquile Island ; from the Wid ow Stickney s to the s o upper b r anch of the B ecagu imic. The thir d battalion wa recr u ited fr m

men in the M adawaska c ountry .

M aine too k a nother s tep in the as s ertion of her cla im to exer ci se co ntrol

r B u ckmor was ns ru c of the Aroos took c ountr y , at any r ate . O ne G eo ge e i t t ed to g o to the territ ory and enquir e into the qu estion of heavy lu mb er in g

w s a o in al o er ator s . He operations b eing th ere car ried on , it a s id , by pr v ci p ma de his visit and rep ort ed cuttings ab ou t the Aroos too k Fall s an d he also h ran r er he ee n r er an d F s r e r epor ted op erations on t e G d iv , t Gr iv i h iv r , f thes e par ticular l ocati ons b eing withou t the Ar oos to ok dis tr ict . Sherif

the a e m ia and u fu s M cInt r e a Strickland of M aine , an officer in M in ilit R y , r h ca in land a gent for t he sta te proceeded to the Ar oos took r ive . T ey m e

co ntac t wi th a body o f provincialis ts and M cIntyr e and some of his p ar ty was oc r e fr o the ma were arre s ted . A warran t o f co mmitment pr u d m gis

tra tes at Woo d stoc k and they were ta ken in char ge of cons ta bles to F r ed , me ha ffi cu t at r ton where M cInt r e was impriso ned . It is so w t di l to get o le , y f e e s s e the e e e of wha ac u all tr ans ir ed the exact s equ ence o v nt , inc vid nc t t y p a h me of the s ever a ar r ests ar ies acco r in the Aroos too k woods , t t e ti s l , v d h o Ea h a a ed the o e f ing to t e stories t ld . c p rty bl m th r or the first overt act ,

and the rep orts of the Maine officials to their government , differ ed ma terially

o the a o en h N w r ns i a fr m cc unts giv by t e e B u w ck o ffici ls to t heir gover nment .

When the p eo pl e of Maine wer e appris ed of wha t had taken pl ac e , in digna w s wa s o a a es ed an a s . e s o a a o n ti n m nif t in m y w y Ther tr ng l ngu ge , vi l e t

h a a n t re ts d physical a ction by the summo ning of the militia m en . Within a few d ays of the arrest of Mcintyr e Major M a clauchl an and Captain James ,

Tibbitts were b oth caught , unprepared , n ear the mouth of the Aroost ook , n were arrested and ta ken priso ners to Ba gor . An idea of the situ ation is derived from a summ a ry of an article published in a B angor pap er of the time . It sets forth that Mr . Ma cl auchl an and C apta in Tibbitts have b een brought to Bangor and give s the purp ort of an inter view with Ma cl auchl an , who stated that he had b een l ooking a fter tr es spas s er s on the Ma d awaska settl ement . On his retur n to the m outh of the Ar oostook , he first l ea rned

a had a n a e nd e met a es a e r o o er o a wh t t ke pl c , a h e th re m s g f m G v n r H rvey askin g him to make inquir y into the pro ceeding s on or nea r the Aroostook and rep ort , tha t he went t o the Aroos took with C apta in Tibbitts to s ee wha t wa s going on and to have an inter vi ew with the co mma nd er of the Am eri can w s i m an di n forc es hich , he had be en informed, con sted of 500 . He d not e tertain the slightest a ppreh ension of be ing deta ined prisoner as his obj ect was e to e o a dider ences and to r n a ou o o , if possibl , r c ncil e p s t , b i g b t a. c mm n h understanding . With these inte ntions he proc eed ed up t e r iver till he n met with Capt . B lu es and ma de known his business . Capt. Rines , a fter co

' r im a wa f a fo M cInt r e s s u lting with his ofii ce s , informed h th t by y o repris l r y n an he ed a e ea e for arres t , he mu st ma ke him pr iso er d mus t imm i t ly l v w r h o f a o h h h did. He aid he e as no a ed o at t e o B ng r, w i c e s t r rm f ce m uth the Aroo stook only a bout thir ty tr espa sser s who had b een working there .

M atters were b eco ming p r etty well stir red u p in Woodsto ck and the u p

I was r e or e t a a e ha e per part of the county by thi s time . t p t d h t M in d s nt h o a s 600 militar y men to take forcibl e possession o f t e d isputed territ ry , r h o alrea dy set for th by Ma clau chl an in his interview at B ang o . T e pe ple believed tha t the United S tates was backing u p Maine and th at the intenti on was to take forcibl e p os session of all the terr itor y that force woul d enable

n the o f o o toc o a them to . Certain buildings withi t wn o W ds k c nt ined rifles an d a mmunition and thes e places were broken in to by indignant citizens and o a the contents take a way for their own prote ction . C ns e qu ently there p pear ed a procla mation in the Royal Gazette calling on the citizens to return a 2 00 ar med m en had a ed the ar ms and amm uni tion , admitting th t inv d the province and setting forth that ample militar y force will b e fo rthcoming to n ma he e be s a d t a M cInt r e a a a protect the inhabita ts . It y r i h t y , M cl uchl n e a o n a o and Tibbitts d id not rema in l ong in custody . They w re rele sed p r le ’ a o had o a fter a few day s de tentio n . But by this time rel ti ns bec me ve ry a s everely str ined . The provincial auth orities c onvinced th at th ey were in the right o f the m atter res olved to b e th or oughly prep ared f or any eventual l ity . Co . M axwell , c ommanding th e 3 6th re giment was pl ac ed in c o mmand f l w o a l the force s to b e mobilized . Wood st ock as constituted the temp ora ry

he a d qua rters for th e military .

O n e qu arter the s trength of ea ch of the C arleto n c ounty m ilitia units wa s a f h n c ll ed on the dr a t . Fro m t e 1st 2md and 3 r d York Battali on on e hun , m dred en e ach were drafted . From the St . Jo hn regiment city militia on e h a undred and fifty men were c lled . The first and 4th Ch arl o tte b attali o ns

furnished fifty men e ach . Beside s thes e , there were the 3 6th an d 6 9th regi

ments of the line , an d the York Ligh t H ors e did nec ess a ry w ork in carryin g i l s a e w c n a a f v - n a n Woo ds to ck di p tches b t een Frederi to , the c pit l o the pro ce d

a the temp ora ry he a dqu rters of the milita ry force . Whil e M aine wa s v ery

’ nd a a a o o New o hostile a M s s chusetts little les s s , but still b ellic se , Y rk s

opinion m a y be g athered fr om an article app earin g in th e Albi on , which

a an d o spe aks o f an ille g l a ct by Mci ntyre , an d refers to a distinct p si

tive a greement be tween th e U nited S tate s a nd Gre at Britain by which the

f f a l atter wa s to reta in (temp orarily , ) the o ccup a ti on o the tra ct o l nd in

' “ ” “ i o an d dispute . Thus 8000 militia ar e ordere d ou t t c ntinues ,

n e of wa d oll a rs p as s ed , and thus ar e the pe ople brought o the verg r by the ” o f or folly and imb ecility of a few sill pers ons . And the writer still m re y, , l th f a U S a an d cib y , a sks e p eopl e o M in e wh ether they think th e nited t tes ” Gr eat Brit ain ar e go ing to enter into a n unne cess ary an d cru el war fo r a

few a cres of pine timb e r and b ecaus e o f the acts of a fifty or a hundred ” “ d o a a l oafin g lumb ermen . M a ss a chusetts which ha hith ert been h nging b ck

o and e e in the tra ces s om ewhat , b egan to talk in ver y b ellic s e terms expr ss d

No o a was a t o a its r ea din ess to b a ck up M a ine , just as va S c ti re dy b ck up

w ns i a o of o od o e the two a not o Ne Bru w ck . By str ke g f rtun p rties did c me

n b h ' side er a a e into a ctual c ollision . But the militar y o ot s w e ctively eng g d

he o o a o F air fi eld in erecting forts . On the M aine sid e t m s t imp rt nt, were F rt a now and or where or nea r wh ere th e pr oper eu s t own of tha t n me is , F t ’ a o Kent well up on the s outh b ank of the S t John a lmo st opp osite Clair s st ti n .

o at o of On the province sid e , d efenc es were thr wn up the m uth the o e the a was o e a r Ar oos too k an d at Grand Fa lls , whil e b ef r d nger v r ve y

“ r a n o c E to . impo sin g fortific a tio n wa s erect ed a t Little F ll s , , y dmund s n

Troops kept hu rrying t o Woodsto ck on the one hand and to H oulto n on the

wa o o a and o who o a other , and it s nly th e m st s ng uine ptimistic h pe d th t a on oth e of ma tters would en d with ou t bl oo dshed . It is evident th t b sid s “ ” a o f a ; who o ea to th e lin e , there were the u su l numb er sl ckers f und m ns ” o n a u e . evade t he dra ft either by feig ned sickne ss , r by buyi g sub stit t , ’ o o S kida ddle Ridge did not get its na me at thi s p eriod of the c unty s hist ry , e but there w ere l ots of skidadl er s and l ots of s kidaddle rid ges . Wh n the

Pag e Thirty - Si x

o a o the ee ribb ns , d shed thr ugh str ts , e sc orted by a tr00 p of the York Hus s ars with their g ay and extremely handsome uniform s the sc ene was m o st a a “ nim ted . After vis iting the Wood s tock H otel His Exc ell ency drove to

’ . Char les o e e he was e er a e L a a e w Mr C nn ll s wher nt t in d . te r l vee as held , a nd the p ec uliarly intere sting fea ture o f it wa s th at two U nited St ate s oth~

o o o one of o wa M a o Kir b a cers fr m H ult n , wh m s j r y , were m ong the gu es ts . ' o o da oo e e i e n e f M d The f ll wing y the tr ps w r rev we d o th ice o the e u xnakea g .

They were cert ainly an imp osing fo rce - the Royal Artillery the 3 6th and , 6 9 th a r e he l a o a regiments , the Militi A till ry , t at C rlet n inf ntry , the Wood o e and " s t ck Rifl s the York Hus s ars , we ar e t old , ma king a mo st milit ary ” a e E c e spect cl . His x ell ncy thanked all a nd sund ry , told the offi cers th ey had o d ne excellently , co mmende d th e l oyalty and pa tri otism of all r anks and expresse d his gratific a tion at the resp ons e m ade a t a time of s eeming

p eril t o the country .

a a was a all n ot e The immed i te d nger p st , but did b co me at once p eace

a - able . Th ere were still m ny s ore head s (not resulting from war wound s) on

~ either sid e of the c ontroversy . E ach sid e a ccuse d th e other of encr oach a a ments . C ommunic ti ons p s s ed b etwe en the U nited S ta tes an d Great Brit a in a nd b etwe en the govern ors of M ain and New B r unswick the wh ole , e , ques ti on rema ining in a highl y unsatisfa ctory condition until the final s et ~ — tlem ent by the Ashburton Web ster treaty . It is intere sting t o n ote th at a s far b ack a s 1 83 6 there were two lumb ering c omp ani es organized and in

“ ” cor or ated o s f N ew B r u n swicker s n e o a R es ok p , c nsi ting 0 . o kn wn s the to

(Aroo stook) Lower M ill company , with a capital of an d the oth er

a s the R es too k Upp er Mill c omp any , l argely ma de up of res id ents of S t . w Andr ews , which a s c apitaliz ed at Cl early thes e companies ex

ected to do bus iness in the d isputed territor y . The same year the To bique p ! Mill co mpany was inc orp orated with a capitaliza tion of Ev en at

n th at ea rly time the value of the lumb er o the upper St . John and its trib

r c u ta ies was apprecia ted . Ano ther incid ent comes to no ti e wort h dwelling n n o briefly up on . Bur ra ge , in his c ompl et e , c oncis e a d fa ir work o the b un

'

dary ques tion says tha t Col . Webster of O ron o, M aine , whil e in Woo d sto ck ,

was arrested when he prote sted agains t the ar res t of M cIntyr e.

r 1 3 E It is very likely he was in Woo d stock , fo in the year 8 5 , b enezer m of of a a ou a Web ster of O ron o , M a ine , bought a nu ber l ots l nd r nd b out

n t e on the s o e the mo uth of the M edu xnakeag a d upon h h ill , uth side . Old r

’ re sidents recollect when it was c all ed Web ster s Hill . This rath er heavy f de al in real estate cau sed quite a b oo m for a while . A d e sc endant o

o oo to e e ha h a e wa s Web ster , in after y ears t ld a W d s ck r sid nt t t t e purch s , at he a m n mad e up on the suppo sition tha t the S t . J ohn river , t fin l s ettl e e t ,

h o o o o f the S t e would form the b ounda ry . T e pr p se d c nstructi n o . Andr ws in d o ma so ha e an d Quebec ra ilway , th en ver y mu ch iscu s si n , y al v figu red in the venture . At all events Webs ter s old his rights ou t to Isra el Wa sh 1 4 burn , also of O rono , in 8 3 .

Pe o who ar e a of o m e o on eco a an pl e in the h b it f r ing th ir pini s s nd h nd , d w ho ar e gener ally as dogmatic as they ar e u nrea d , have placed L ord Ash

o th as man who burt n in e pill ory , the , , hoodwinked by the a stute Dan iel w Webste r , took Aroo stook c ounty from Ne Brunswick and h anded it over to a e ea a e r of M in . In the rlier d ys s om write s note too k this p opula r view . But th ose who h ave exa mined the subj ect with the light of further inve stiga

o a a a n ti n , h ve c ome to c ontrary opinion d hav e conclude d that , upo n th e

o wa wh le , the s ettl ement s not only equitable , but , in view of all circu m

stances favorabl e to New Br unswick . It mus t always b e borne in mind

' in c ons i derin g this question , th a t the rec ommendati on of the king of the

N a w eth erl nd s as ab s olutely turned d own by Ma ine , Mas sa chusetts and the — U nited S ta te s , and yet tha t under the Ashburton Webster tre aty the U nited

’ S tates received les s territory than s he would hav e a cquired u nder the kin g s — decision te rritor y now be l onging to the provinc e of Qu eb ec . The pre sent b oundar y b etween Maine and New Br unswick is pra ctica lly that which the

r king had suggested . The fa cts were that Daniel Webster was a nxious fo

L w a a man who a reas onable settlement , and ord Ashburt on as s el ected s would work with him with that end in view .

n As hburton s eems to have given care and a ttention to the subj ect , a d to have fully repre s ented the views of b oth Gre a t Br itain and New Brun

a f th a e o f the s wick , although he wa s s adly astray in his e stim te o e v lu w a Ma d awas ka country on the north of the r iver S t John . It as evident th t t o foll ow ou t the letter of the law as to the bo undary in the trea ty o f 1783 was a pra ctical imp os sibility . Ashbu rton p oints ou t that to g et at the high n th es n of he land s referr ed to in the trea ty , would b e . to r eo pe e qu tio t river

o d b e o o n e en e S t . Croix , for such highlands w ul only f und by h ldi g th K n bec h a o a e e . as the original S t Croix , or at least, as the S t . Cr ix me nt in t tr ty

ha d s e e a o That was now at al l e vents ou t of the ques tion . It b ee n ttl d l ng

f o e t o of the Am a a the M a u adav ic , while ag o, in spite o the c nt n i n eric ns th t g a and the British tha t the Kenneb ec was the S t . C r oix . Th e British fin lly , — bas ed their c ontention on the S choo dic the present S t Croix .

— r war iThe mea ns of settl ement wer e by a p olicy o f give and ta ke o w S o a e a lot of a and nob ody but a pa ck of fools wanted ar . ft r t lking . o a was a ee o a at and writing an d argu ing, the present b und ry gr d up n st rting “ ” S t o the mo num ent taki ng a cours e due north til l the channel of the . J hn the of t is reached at a point jus t ab ove Grand Falls , following middle he n s e a o river S t John until it str ikes the mouth of the S t Fra ci , th n l ng the

a f es con i ons the o S t Francis for fifteen miles , when , spe king o pr ent d ti , pr v

s a a t to the a e for the a a c of o ince of Quebe c , b eco me p r y c us , b l n e the f rty ed ter r i or o m r s e s a miles t o Bo u ndar y Lake . The disput t y c p i d qu re

Page n if ty- Nine m ’ iles or a cres . Und er the Kin g s award the U nited States was to have s quare mil es or acre s ; Gre at Britain square mil es or a cres . — By the Ashburton Web s ter tr eaty the United S tates (or M ain e) took s quare mil es or a cr es an d Great Brita in 5012 square mil es or

acres . T o b e sur e the gain wa s to the advantage of Qu eb ec not o f N ew Brunswick . There is another matter to b e b orn e in mind in c onnecti on with this much deb a te d b oundary ques tion . It is cl ear that had the c ontention of the wh o a te s i or l x ew Brunswick, tha t M ars Hill was the n orthwest angl e , b een ‘ r o f a a a u p eld, the Do mini n o C an d a w ould hav e b een enriched by m ny s qu re

f a a or bu e r e of ea o th o t n mile s o v lu ble territ y , t by ve y principl r s ning , e n r her b oundary of New Brunswick w ou ld have b een a line easterly from M a rs n ec Hill a nd all n orth of th at wou ld have b een i clud ed province of Qu eb . C H AP T E R V I .

U RING all this time in which the b oundary question was undoubtedly

’ m a o of o a o nd the Ar oos tciok war a a ea th e in t pic c nvers ti n , a dded r l spice of excitem ent , stea dy progres s was being mad e in the c onditions of E the c ountry . very year tha t p assed s aw large cl ea rings mad e and thous a o f a e of a a t ea of a o f Woo nds cr s l nd dded o the ar cultiv ti n . The town o d

a stock ls o began to emerge from the Cre ek Vill a ge , an d to arrive a t a

p ositi on when its prima cy c ould not b e seriously threatened . Roads were n — being built , added to a d improved not such roads as th e automob ile glide s s o gracefully over now , but p as sabl e roa ds . As far b a ck as 1822 we find a road l a id ou t from Fredericton to the C an adian line by th e foll owing

route , fro m th e market hous e in Fred ericton , on the west sid e of the rive r

“ ” t o to o a o s c a o th e and a oa t S . J hn T us nt G dine then e cr ss e riv r to j oin r d o ’ J ohn M cKean s on the upper side of the M a ctaqu ack river . fro m thenc e to a road l ately o pened to P ennington ridge on the gre at road l eading t o Jo s eph

’

Woo lver ton s a i o f No a o a os e S t . in the p r sh rth mpt n , thence cr s th e riv r

’ h ri at J ohn to Mr . Fras er s l ower farm in Woo dstock , thence to t e gar s on P ea th to th Presque Isle , th ence a cross the res que Isle n r e mouth e river “ ” a a it o and e to a R es took , thence a cros s s id river ne r s m uth thenc the Gr nd ” n th a a a Fa lls , and thence to the C anad a l i e through e M d wask settl ement .

- h of i Nearly thirty years were to p as s , before , t e inc onvenience cros s ng h f th a a as fa the r iver s o often , resulted in t e c onstructi on o e m in ro d r ‘ w o a a on of t he . I as a n rth a s the Gr nd F lls , the western side river ;t en cted that the roa d l eadin g from Houlton commencing at the b oundary lin e b e

“ ” e o an d a of a e h o h e h o e twe n this pr vince the s t te M in , t r ugh t Ric m nd s ttle n f the ment to the great roa d leading through Woo dstock , s h all be o e o

to gr eat roa ds of the provinc e . As this was in 1836 , the reference the h a o boundary line is in teres ting, bea ring ou t wha t as b een s a id , th t bel w

e e o the on ea was ac n o Mars Hill , the b oundary , ev n b f re Ashburt tr ty , k w

e om he o e . l edged , evid ently on bo th s id es , to b e the du e north lin fr t m num nt In the year 1836 the Woods tock and Fred ericton S tage C oa ch c ompa ny , h Ho e a e wa s for med , to ru n from t e C ourt us t U pp r Woo dstock in the said c ounty of Carl eton , stopping not le ss th an five minutes at s ome convenie nt

a e on th pl c e north sid e of the M edu xnakeag cre ek . This s tage conv eyed

‘ a e e p ss ng rs , par ce l s and l etters . Letters were a co s tly a rt icle in th es e

. co se r a time s It st ven p ence fo a l etter fr om Fred ericton , c sh on deliver y .

Dunning letters mu st have be en extrem ely unwelc ome .

The affa irs of the c ounty as has b een s aid b efore were largely in the

a f th a a wh a h nd s o e m gistr te s , o held th eir pp ointm ent fr o m the govern m ent .

A list of the first ma gistra te s for the c ounty shows th at du e care wa s taken

th o f r not o m f in e sel ecti n , o nly were they e n o repute an d of standing , but a f h s h they were repre sent tive o t e va rious se ction of t e l arge c ounty , extend ing from E el river , t o the C an ad a b ound ary . The j ustices had the a pp oint

m ent of the p arish offi ce rs , at first , but at a l ater p eriod the official s w e re — el ected , rather a p eculiar procedure . They had als o many o th er duties

ha n ! t t ow te ll to the l ot of the c ounty c ouncill ors , and they were intrusted with the charge of el ementary educa tion a s far as s el ecting tea chers and

h a app ointing trustee s . Having r egard t o the time s , t e educ tional system was not at all the crude s ort of thing we extremely progressive p eo pl e of the twentieth c entury ar e apt to believe it was .

a e e In th e matter of the pa rish s chool s , the j ustice s or magistr te s w r f a uthorized to appoint three p erso ns in each p arish to b e tr ustee s o sch ools , r e and to divid e the parishe s into s chool distric ts . The inha bitan ts were qu ired to provide the s choo lhou s e and a tea cher for at le ast six mo nth s in the yea r as well a s from ten to twenty pounds annu ally toward s the s al , e n o a a ar y , and up on f ulfillment of thes e conditions , gov r ment p r vid ed gr nt en he o was to the district , va rying from five to twenty p ounds . Wh t c unty

a m a oo wa a e formed , o the provis ions of an act r el ating to Gr m r sch l s s m d

r t it wa e e t o all who o applicabl e . With egard to free tui ion , s ext nd d c uld a s e e a ed t the not pay in the p arish s chools . Eight free s chol r w r d mitt , o h l as a e to a the gra mmar school ea ch yea r, s elected fr om th ose t e e t bl p y a ou r a a e s s e usual tuition fees . While not to b e c omp red with dmir bl y t m

a o a its o o er s of toda y , for the time it wa s libe ral , an d pl inly sh ws th t pr m t f o a ce kn ew the valu e of educa tion and the dang er to the s tate, o ign r n .

We c ann ot take l eave of ou r old fr iend the b ound ar y qu es tion until at — N l east a pa ssing word is said of the New Br u nswick Qu eb ec s itu ation. o — s ooner had the troubl e been s ettled with Maine when trouble of a l ess er

o es . And o a o kind , indeed , arose b etwee n the two pr vinc , Vict ri c unty the one a e c o co mes to figu re . Hitherto we have been d ealing with l rg unty

e f o m n the e , of Car l eton. It is s aid th at the immediate pur po s o f r i g middl and upper portion s into a s eparate c ounty was the s trengthenin g the case f of old ac s of the el islatu r e or New Brunswick against ! uebec. A s tudy t g a N old ruin on the military site , ne r

a s the mouth of the Presquile , it is to be seen tod ay .

a to o h left des cend nts be f und in t e third and fourth genera tion in the par h f r o S an is e s o B ight n , imonds d Wilmot .

Between th e time of the se ttl em ent f th e a o a o O Americ n b und ry qu esti n an d the o f was a e o f o middle the c entury , there p ri d o d evel pm ent , and good time s preva il ed . The lumber industry was flourishing and in the spring of the ye ar the riv er wa s lined with ra fts and fl oating timber o n the way to o o th w . e a a a a a the b ms At s m e tim e , f rming s well p ying calling , an d pru

and o a a e to la a d dent industri us f rmers were bl y si e c omfortabl e pr ofits .

a e f t a a had o 1 4 The g o s e m tr vel c me . In 8 7 a st ea m b oa t c om pany wa s o m e of oo o l f r d , W dst ck , pe opl e, mo st y , and during this d e cad e the first ste a m “ ” oa o e wa o e i o as of a ~ b t The N velty , puff d its y up fr m Fr d er ct n , much curi os i to th a a of a ty e inh bit nts the time s the hyd ro pl ane is to us . An a ct wa s

a f p s sed or th e c onstructi on of the r ailr oa d fro m S t . An drews t o Woodsto ck , and a a om e ent a 1848 a o a o ctu l c m ncem m de in , lth ugh s o me y e rs were t pa ss

a n w b efo re it re ched Richm ond a d even l ater found its ay into Wood sto ck . A c o mp a ny to ca rry on the milling busines s in the p arish of Woo dstock wa s fo rm ed , the peri o d b eing prolific of organiz ations for the d ev el opment of industri es .

As far ba ck a s 18 40 the first step was taken in the fo rm ation of the

r ~ C a rleton C ounty Agr icultural S o ciety . Two ye ars l ater it wa s formally o

n a~ g a iz ed, a n d has had a c ontinu ed and succe ssful c aree r , with s ome vari

o e r ce . L e s to o the c of f a s o ti ns , ve sin t is int re ting n te first ele ted ficers O ciety so much linked u p with th e devel opm ent and progress of the c ounty . ‘

- As g iv en in a rep ort published at the tim e they were : Richard Ketchum ,

E . e As a U o a e presid ent ; J ohn Dibbl e e , J . M . C onnell , . A Cunliff , pt n , J m s

a S ar e a E s ea e a e Ketchum J mes h p , vic presidents ; Rich rd ngli h , tr sur r ; Ch rl s , a e o e a a s o Par ley , co rre sp onding s ecretary ; G . F . Willi ms , r c rding s ecr t ry ; s c — o . a . i ate offi cer s z North a mpton , Geo rge Clo we s ; Bright n , S H yden ; Kent , J o a e e C . S quires ; P er th , Willia m Hall ett ; Wickl ow , J . Hutchins n ; W k fi ld , a few a he ar Charl es E mer y; And ov er Charl es Ha mmond . Within ye rs t p , , f im n d a ou t an a a o o f own a o ish o S g s br nched with gricultur l s ciety its , m ng

e a a o as . . o the inc orpora to rs being , John Boyer , N wm n R ym nd , Ch R Upt n , ‘

a . P eo e . o . Ja mes Bucha nan , Charl es S . Appl eby , M tthew S hillips , G rg R B yer

It is s o mewha t instructive to find also a Victoria c ounty Agricultural S ocie ty organi ze d n 1 849 al though Victoria wa s not y et procl aimed a s epa ra te , o e was n ot o 18 52 co unty . The Wa kefield and Brighton S ci ty f und ed until ,

a a a a in am but a s we ar e on the subj ect , and dealin g r ther extr v g ntly n e s , it will b e well to give the na mes of the lead ing me n c onnected with it : M cG ee mo eo e . o e a George S tickney, Jos iah S . Brown , G rg R B wy r, Willi m , A s M cM u llin a e a en a m T ed Dickins on , j r , J ames Jones Charles , S mu l H yd , Ad ,

Hi deou t o a . li e , Jame s , J hn Bub r

In 1848 the Woodstock Mech anic s Institu te was inc or po rated ha ving for i o u o o f a and o ~ its spec fic bj ect the instr cti n mech nic s thers in physics , litera

and f a f w o . a a da ture , the dif erent br nches science It s y of l ectures , rather d a o t of a e a and a o re ry s r s entert inments , gen r lly , lm st obs olete since the day of the d aily newspa per and of the free public libra ri es but with c onsi der. , ’ a ble p opul arity in early times Ab out this time als o a Fa rmers an d Me

’ ” an L a wa s a at U a f ch ics ibr ry est blished the pper Vill ge o Woodsto ck ,

“ ” a a o of o which upper vill ge still kept up sh w c mpetition with the Cre ek . ” H owever it was destin ed tha t the Creek should incre a s e and the C or ner d a ecre se . S ome few years must p a ss before Woodsto ck bl oss oms in to a

o o a o a o and o o and a a f wn duly inc rp r ted t wn with M y r C uncill rs s e l o its o .

w s . But the first step a alre ady taken , when so much of the p arish of Wood

’ ’ stock , c ommencing on the n orth at Lane s Creek, down as f ar a s U pham s creek and one mile b ack from the river wa s subj ected to special tre atment , under the provisi ons of an a ct of the legisl ature , whereby there wa s a sur

“ ” o n vey f the t own pla t , a d special provision m ade f or the keeping of the h road s and sidewalks , and t e general applica tion to the p art outlined of the burd ens and p r ivileges which later fell to the l ot of p art of it as an incor por ated town .

Iron was mined in Ja cks onville a t Iron Ore Hill an d brought t o U pper

Woo o an s m eltin ' lan was o a ed t r dst ck where extensive g p t per t , a first unde the direction o f the Yo rk an d C arlet on Mining C omp any , a c oncern largely

nd f or of ma d e up of S t . John pe opl e , a which a cquired the purposes its operations a tra ct of between and a cres of wo odland in the

a i d n o s u c parishes of Brighton a nd Northampt on . The undert king d ot pr ve

En a o o a a e ces s fu l , and an glish c omp ny which next t k the m tter in h nd und r

a n d a n a n the na m e of the Wo odstock Iron and Charc oal C ompany , c rried o o extensive business for s ome time , wa s fo rced to ab and on the pr j ect , while

a on e a th ird c omp any met with n o better succ ess . Va rious re s s w re given

a a a for the failure in ea ch p articul ar case , but th e very f ct th t three sever l

to o to c oncerns found the proj ect unw orkable t o success , would s eem p int the

a a U oo o fact that the pro duct was not pr ofitably m rket ble . pper W dst ck will

a a also b e rem emb ered by reason of the life work of Frank S h rp , the disting f o o f u ished o rcha rdist and fruit grower , who se ef orts in the devel pment

a a e ar e to b e ee m a fruit culture , part icul rly pple cultur , s n in the ny thriving

orchards thr oughout the county .

a was s en It will b e noted tha t the origina l town pl t , which thu giv ow special consideration embraced much mo re territor y that the pre sent t n ,

’ m a e oo o . for Lane s Cre ek its n orthern b ound ary , is in U pp r W dst ck It y , a was a n a o of U e have been that , at th t time , there expect ti n including pp r o a a Woodstock within the town incorporation , when the time w uld ppe r ripe

a w a to a o a to ta ke this forwa rd step . A little l ter , e will h ve de l s mewh t

f ully with the to wn for we ar e c o ming near to the period of its proper ih ,

Page Forty- Five co rporati on . B u t b efore taking u p that subj ect a few p ages must b e de

o e o th e a v t d t e g ner l c ond itions within the c ounty . As has be en already in dicat w ed , an act as p ass ed for the s ep aration of Victoria county from C arl e ton a nd in the e of the e middl c ntury , this cam e t o b e an a cc omplishe d fa ct .

o a the ad a as a e a a f Vi ct ri , with M w k district , e merg d on c ree r o its own , an d

a o r an to C rle t n sh k in its present mo dest c onfin es . From this tim e on , the

o of the o a hist ry c unty i s s omewha t c ommonpl ce . There c ontinued to be a

a a nd ste dy he al thy d evel opm ent industrially and c ommercially, and p olitics be gan to take on that sharp and a cute a ttitud e which c ontinu ed to b e a pe c liar an u , d not alto gether l ov ely feature of the c onstituency until the war

’ c ame an d thinking men s mind s und erwent s o mething in the natu r e of a revoluti on .

a a r w or t n R ilw y ente pris e as in the a ir , and c omp ani es were f med o co stru ct l ine s of r a ilway ab out everywhere exce pt the m oon . T he road b e tween S t . An drews and Woo d sto ck was practical and practicabl e. But other pro j ects s eem to h ave b een ver y visionar y , and evidently , individu als were afte r their own priva te interes ts rather than the interes ts of the com

We ar o f a i e d t e i o o munity . e t ld o a c omp ny w th h a quar rs n W odst ck , with “ the obj ect of the c onstru ction o f a ra ilway a round the Grea t Fall s of the

n h r r n of river St . Joh , w ich it is s a id in the a ct of inco po atio would b e ” Wo ea gr e at public utility . It is not s aid , however if this rk of gr t public

e o utility wa s to b e a s ort of sc enic r ai lway , a round which p as s engers w re t

~ ~ e be ca rri ed , a s by a m erry go round , while they c ontempla ted with s er ne awe the awf ul grandeur of the gorge and the Falls . An d ever s ince , to the pres ent day, fancy railways and wonderful enterpri se s ha ve been circling ab out the Gr an d Fa ll s and the r esul ts have b een ab out as tangibl e as the propos ed res ult of thi s railway which was to b e of s uch gr eat public utility .

Groups of m en r us he d to the legislature to b e incor po ra ted into something

an l o n e to u s or o ther , as they have been ru shing ever sin ce , d wil c nti u r h an m ers as l ong as incorpo ra tion remains the easy thin g that it is , d the me b of the legisl ature ar e equ ally easy .

There had b een p as sed an act und er which any cou nty might by a two and third s vo te of the ratep ay ers de cid e in favor of its inco rp or a tion, in “ " — tha t cas e the fa th erly dutie s performed by the s e ssions the m agi str ate s an e of he c oun b e r om hence in s es sion were to cea s e, and the govern c t ty f forth in the hand s of c oun cill ors elec ted by the ratepay ers in each pa rish . C arleto n C ounty was unque stionably the pionee r in the movem ent for

o wa s no e a e o f o e o to l ocal s elf govern ment , and the oppo s iti n t , b c us bj cti n

ea ea e e e . the s ystem , but b ecaus e it was th ought it would m n incr s d xp nse 1 a on wa s te to S o his tory keeps on repeating itself . In 185 petiti presen d , a e E a ooks ose the l egislature s igned by William S . Nevers , S mu l st br , J ph Ride ou t and forty - four others asking for the control of the ad airs o f the c ounty b a m a o an th y unicip l c uncil , d e s ame year Char l es Raymond. for eman of the

r gr and ju y , pres ents to the cir cu it cou rt a r ecommendation fr om a numbe r of a i ra e and h h s the m g st t s t e hig her iff , that an act m ay b e pas sed giving the a a s of th o n h o r inh bit nt e c u ty t e sole c nt ol of the ir local affair s . An act was pa ssed that very year m aking provi s ion for a vote of the r atepayers on th a o on o f the al e d pti municip system . Fifty resid ent freehold er s mu st pe tition the sheriff of the county to call a public me eting to deter m ine the

o f questi n o incorpo ration . At the meeting mu s t be pr e sent at l eas t one hu n dr ho s h l e r ed u e o d r s , when, if two thirds of these so pres ent d ecide in the a fii !n a tive , the county shall b e incorpo rated and a ch arter of inc orpor a tion shal l issue under the gr eat s eal of the provinc e . Carl eton county was not s l ow a f in t king a dvantage of the p r ovisions of this act , the vote being in favor o its ad option , and in April 1852 , a charter was gr anted to the county and it a ssumed the mana gement of its local affairs . The first warden was S amuel

N. Dickinson of B righton.

On the third day of M ay the fir s t county el ect ion was held when the fol w r e lowing repres entatives fr om the several parishes then exi sting , e el ect ed

r E Wood stock Hen y . Dibblee, William Lindsay. ,

Wakefield , Leonard R Harding , Amos Gallop .

S imonds , William D . Estey , Ja mes Jones .

Wickl ow ! epha niah Mills , Rob er t Kerr. ,

Brighton , S amuel Dickinson , Cha rl es Lloyd . h North ampton , George Clowes , Jo n S hea.

Kent . Murphy Gib erson . Jo na s Fitzherb ert .

T h ou n met its M e c cil in first se s sion on ay 2 0th. T he following year , h o d a i eco a a ish sent a s r s Ric m n h v ng b me p r , s it fi t repr es entatives ,

William Gray and J ohn Hay . I 18 59 a a wa o ma a o ed o b a o w h n s e l s f r lly d pt , t e pl ugh i t the m otto , “ enci e he o ds a speed the pl ough , rcl d by t w r Municip l council of the c ounty t b e en r a d u on f o f Car leton, the same o g ve p brass o two inches diam eter . “ " If there is any great merit in b eing first , in things , m er it atta ches t o Car h fir s leton county in this r eg ar d. for it was t e t c ounty to adopt the mun

i h o est o a l cipal system , and is the refore t e ld inc rpor ted c ounty in the prov

a a o o- o a i s ince . Wha t is more imp ort nt , in p litic s ci l study , that by this s tep Carleton cou nty pro claimed its adher ence to the pr inciple of po pular a o e f th g overnment, for the ma gistrates were pp int es o e government , not a e a el ected by p opul a r vote . In the s truggl e somewh t x ggera ted and over . an a a F a mi o estima ted by a cla s s o f l ocal histori s , g inst the ly C mpa ct , the “ maj or ity in C arleton county were undou btedly on the s ide o f the refo rm ” w m o h h o er s . The a tmo spher e of the co unty as refor , even alth ug t e el ect r w T F m had probably ver y uncer tain id eas as to hat required reform ing . he a om a wa s to a r t ily c p ct it well bre k up , o o a ttempt t o bre ak up . Here dity

of o a s a t o th s ir it of a e . o e s in fice is s mething lien , p this c ntin nt the do ctrine , of a a r e st te s in t il , o , the heirship of th e eldest s on t o the exclusi on an d c ons equent b ed evilment of the rest of the children . But the unfortunate th i n g a b out the sm ashers of the F amily comp a ct was th at a s s oon a s they w had it sm ashed they began t o form fa mily c omp a cts of their o n , and were j ust a s ke en t o se e their relative s in lucrative o ffi ce s a s th e oldest an d m ost

tory of all the old tories . L e aving a si de for the pre s ent the b ewitching subj e ct of C arlet on c ounty

o to a e m o a a on a o of p litics , which r turn ust , perf rce , b e m d e l ter , the ttenti n “ ” the gentle or s evere re a der is called t o the d evel opm ent of the town pl at f wn and int o the incorp orated town o f Wo o dstock , with a prop er s eal o its o

— o a of he e its right to sue an d b e sued ine stim abl e privileges . Hist ri ns t pr s

f a a a ent do n ot b other s o much with d ate s , a s tho se o e rlier d ys . There is m ost instructive history of Engla nd by a leading writer of this a g e with , i o of only one d ate in it . S till in l ocal histor y , t me is s mething the es sence

n a t o ea a the ow of oo o f th e matter , a d it will b e s well b r in mind th t t n W d 1 st ock wa s inc orp ora te d in the year of Our Lord 8 56 . C H A P T E R V I I .

H EN oo w the W dsto ck s ettl ement as ma de and the lan ds allotted , there

wa s no p articul ar re a s on to s uppos e that the l ands now embra ced within h e t town would b e of sp ecial valu e, yet a s hrewd speculator might have conceived that th e l oca tio n where th e S t John an d the M edu xnakeag m eet o in o a a w uld time bec me v lu bl e . At any rate the grantees under the Crown , a f ’ fter the fa ilure o Delancey s man in gene ra l , to hold , of the l and n ow in , the to wn incorp ora tion appear in the Crown La nd pl an as b eginning with

a S o Mich el mith , wh se upp er line would e ventually b e the southern b ound ary of o n o a f the t w , J s eph Bl ckm ore (a narr ow strip o land , ) Ja me s U pham ,

’ ’ a J cob Smith , Richard Smith Ad am Allan , with Jos eph G uml ine s gr ants , on e , ’ west , the o ther n ort h of Allan s . U pham , the two S miths and Cunliff e own ‘ h ed t e greater po rt ion o f the town land , but a goo d deal of it had p as s ed

into oth er h an d s l ong b efore the inc orp oration . The new t own extend ed one mile b ack fro m th e river S t . J ohn , a n d runnin g fro m the north line of l ands

then owne d by Willia m D . S mith northerly, an d the s ame course with the , f river S t . J ohn , a s f ar north as the northern b oundary of land o Antho ny f nd B aker , the e a ster n b ound ary , o c ours e , be ing the river , a the incorp ora

’ “ ” ’ tio n to e mbrace Bull s Isl and in front th ereof . Th e history of Bull s Isl and has s omething of s pecial intere st from the l o ca l point of view. The island s

a h a n in the river S t . J ohn s ee m to h ve gon e with t e gr nts o the western s ide an d a s s ome of the is alnds were l ong an d mo st of the gra nts on the ma in

a w lan d c omp a ratively na rrow, the isl and would b e divid ed mong t o or three

u t a. proprietors . This did n ot make for good husb andry or so it is set o in

’ a a c ertain petition to Governor C arleton . With regard to Bull s Isl nd , num

- ed a. ber of p art own ers or at lea st cla iman ts , in th e ve ry e arly d ays , sign

d ocument t o the efi ect tha t they had no obje ction to a grant of the whole

a s r a e of island going to Capt . Ja cob S mith and so he appe a rs the first g nt e

wa s f or o io e a s a the isl and in its entirety . Tha t J ohn Gile s s me per d h l d captive by the India ns on this isl and is supp orted by a weight of pr ob ab

Pag e Fo rty - Nine m n a o a i o o . was u s as far m ility lm s t ount g t pro f It ed a u ntil recently, when

a ed the of h hn n — it was purch s by tru stees t e Jo W . C on ell es tate Allison B . — C onn ell and the M ay or of the town and d evoted to the interests of the pub

lic as a pa rk . S till m ore recently it has b een l ea sed by the tru stees to th e

C arl eton County Ag ricultural S ociety who have ere ct ed the s ightly and co mmodiou s exhib ition build ing and plant , c onverting the isl an d into the

os a a a m t ttr ctive f ir grounds in eastern C an ad a at least . John W . Connell wa a b ot of a o n s r her Jeremi h C nn ell , a prominent ma in the early days , who

e h repres nted the county in t e l e gisl a tu re , almo st immedia te ly after its for

a wa n h m ti on s o e of t e o riginal in c orp orat ors of the St . Andrews and u e , ! a a and b e c r ilw y , in ever y way a progr essive and influential citiz en. His

o wa h br th er, John s l es s in the public ey e, but e wa s a s ucce ssful busines s m n a , with advan c ed views , a s his will pl a inly indica tes . At the time of

ma i e wa s no ee s oo an d he e a e k ng his will ther fr ch l system l ft, his est t , cons isting of the l and s now held in le a se by the golf club and c ertain oth er

r eal e sta te , a s well as m oney , for the pu r pos e of the e stablishing of free

schoo l s within the t own of Woodstock Fre e schoo l s b eca me part o f the pr o

i f d and a h b vinc al syste m o e uca tio n , by l egislative en ctments t e C onnell e quest was ma de a pplicabl e to the es tablishment of a pu blic p ark or a free f public library . This is in brie f , the history of the lucky ac quis ition o the

n f r s island for the purpo s es to which it is now d evoted , a d o which it is o

a dmirably suited .

The story of the ra il ways pas sing thro ugh C arle ton c ounty is not alto

f —oi o si er a l e e a gether happy . It tells l argely o dis appo intm ent , c n d b e xp ct

tions an d dis app ointing results . Wh en railways were firs t talked about in

was the e o An British Nor th America , on e o f the fir s t proj ec ted lin fr m S t .

d e to e e to a o h o d ock The c of e ec and the r ws Qu b c , p ss thr ug W o st ity Qu b to b o on e to the a r al c ountry o f the S t . La wrence were e b und by ir ti s n tu n al winter p ort on the Pa ssa ma quoddy . Asid e from the n ovelty a d c o mmerci

h a a a of the o e o a dvanta ge of the railway itself, t e f ct th t this p rt pr vinc w ul d b e travers ed by such a r ailway wa s sa tisfying to a p eopl e progre ssive in rw the i e —ea their id ea s and of ente rpri sing activities . It ale in th rti s rly h o a te in the thirt ies that the scheme was firs t c onc eived . T e b und ry d ispu , , { as the s ou che of with the militar y a ctivities that w ent with it , came fir t d — cold water and the Ashburton Webster s ettl ement wa s an a dded di sa ppoint , of s o a e to b e me nt fro m the l oc al s tandp oint . Thu s the na me A hburt n c m a ssoc iated in the mind s of the peopl e with everything tha t is weak an d id inf o ma o and trea cher ous f or half a c entury anyway , or until w e r r ti n study ’ o e was ha the r a l a o f the question changed m en s mi nd s . The outc m t t i w y e ec e an at St nd ews with the objec t of c onnecting S t . Andr ews and Qu b , b g . A r

and e e ch o ater on co ewi its way n o oo nd ed in , a fi l d in Ri m nd , l , rkscr ng i t W d who oc o the a of a oca c en i ee ames . a e st k , thr ugh b il ity l l ivil g n r , J R H rtl y ,

Perhaps as a s or t of s alve to the wound ed fee lings of th e p eo pl e along

’ th o r e St . J hn iver , although no d oubt also with the l audable idea of a b us i

— —~ nes s enterpris e the Qu eb ec (a gain Queb ec) and New Brunswick railway

co a e a e r a a wa mp ny proj cte d sche me , wh er by a ilw y s to b e built fr o m S t .

’ ar r m M y s o Gib s on , a cros s the r iver fr o Fred ericton , to Woodstoc k and , e to E an d thence up riv r dmundston so to Rive r du Loup. This railway was — 18 72 18 76 a s f ar a E s o Th o a ed built ( ) s dmund t n . I e building c mp ny r uc ed its

m w wa na to Ne r a a o a . s i e acr e e the B unswick R ilw y C mp ny It, g v n s o f crown l and s for ea ch mile of r ailway , the l ands s o given b eing l a rgely in

’ to ia and a a a a o ia o wa s h Carleton , Vic r M d w sk . Vict r s co ntributi n t e l argest

— — n ’ at le as t hal f its entire area a d C arle t on s the sma ll est . The a p ex of its

triangl e , however is pretty well appropriated . In studying a map one is

sta rtle d a t the immensity of the area . Were the l and s all b unched together ,

they would ma ke one very l arge c ounty . No d oubt in tho s e d ays it was

th ought to b e a goo d trad e , but l oo king at the ma tter und er pre sent day

h e m a e a or a o h a c onditions , t e t r s s ee m to h ve b e n very f v ble t t e r il way com

h f h n pa ny . T o be sure t e c onstr uction o t e roa d op ene d up o e of the most

- fertile p arts o f the province . Judging fro m th e w ell filled p a ss enger c oache s

on the tr a ins b etwe en Woo d stock a nd E dmund ston and the many l ong freight

a o a a o trains , the Cana dia n Pa cific Ra ilway C o mp ny which s me y e rs ag o

quire d the roa d find this branch as good a p aying propo sition a s any o ther

equ al mil ea ge on the eas ter n divi sion anyway . The road from Wood stock

to E dmund ston and the Gib s on br a nch together ma de up a mil eage of 170,

l u o b e oo a which by a proces s o f multiplication , s imp e en o gh t underst d by f a es a to the profe sso r of clas sics , m eant a consider ation o cr , f lling , h a was lot of the New Brunswick La nd C omp any . At the t im e o f t e d e l it ann ounc ed th at it was the intention of the c ompany to give alternate l ots

w ne a an d 100 to m an free to lab orers , 50 acres to the m an ho worked o ye r a, o f th a at 1 an a who w orked two , and to s ell a certa in po rti n o e l nds $ cre

(Watts ) .

There is an interes ting incid ent in conn ecti on with the c ompleti on of the

o f h a a a s of road from S t . Andrews to C ante rbury in view th e igh r ilw y r te

afii ee oo o and Can the present . A company r an a c oa ch tr c b etw n W d st ck ” “ t o and o o ter bu ry t o connec t with the cars and thence with S . J hn B st n by oc Bo o coa a and b oat . ‘The cost of a ticket from Woo d st k to st n , by ch , tr in

wa a i a on m a b e at a the b oat s five doll ars . The railw y s tu ti y left th t with , ad ditional c omment that when th e tr a ns continental route wa s und er consi d

of o o liklih ood er a tion , through New Brunswick , a flicker h pe devel ped in the e no was a e a or of the valley b eing s el ected, bu t as we w ll k w it p ss d by in f v

o a o o f Car o f a diagonal c ours e through the b ackw od s . The dis pp intments l eto n c ounty ar e a min iatu re of the di sappoin tm ents of the C an adian p eo pl e

Page Fifty - Two h a in general in t e buil ding o f ra ilw ys . To o o ften , public money has b een

l a n voted lavish y t o place ro ds ot where they were neede d in the. interest s

o f the c ou ntry , but where they were neede d in the intere st of selfis h a nd

pr ofiteer ing magn ates , who directed the p olicy ra ilway and o therwis e , of the , particul ar po litic al party upon which the b right bea ms of their s erene coun

tenances rested .

PageFi fty Threc C H A F T E R V III .

—— n n o n‘

U CH interesting information is to b e gathered fro m the early history of

th a o o and i c e v ri us church pr perties edif es . Reference , at s ome l en gth ,

b a a a a o r a a E s lre dy b een m d e t the first Ch isti n church t Meductic . It ha d

a ss e ou t o f e o a a e Th ggp d exist nce when the l y lists c m . e firs t Anglic an church ‘ ” wa s built in 1804 an d s tood ab out in lin e with the present church on th e

river road , but s ome littl e distanc e further n orth , toward s the upper end of

t he g ra vey ard . It only ga ve pl a c e to the present church in 18 67 . Th e fra me we t th e o r iginal church wa s first ra ised on a lot of l and at the n orth w est c orner Wh ere the m ain riv er roa d and the H odgdo n road meet but shortly , h m afterw ard s it was re m oved to t e site wh ere it was co pleted , an d, ab out

th e s ame time , the remains of s ome few of the ea rly settl ers , b uri ed in the

F a f a old l oca ti on , were reinterred in the pre s ent churchyard . or upw rd s o

c entury , with b r ief interm is sions , thr ee rec tor s ministe red in Woo dstock ,

n a o Reverend Frede r ick Dibblee Reverend S . D . Lee Stree a d Vener bl e Th m , t,

sa s Ne ales .

It a ppe ars that the n ext oldest allottm ent of l and for church purpo s es was

a nd eede o a a el o n O ctob er 9 th , 1 82 6 when Ch a rle s Bowy er wife d d t N th ni , M M n E h a and o a a S a ee for C hurchill , Ch arles c u ll e , lis a S h w J n th n h w, tru st s f the d en omin ation of Christia ns c alled Fre e Will B aptists , fo r the purpose o

f an a of a om a meeting h ouse or pl a ce of worship , one qu arter o cre l nd , fr

was th r th e la te Willia m Turner g rant in the p arish of Wa kefi eld . This e fi st n o ed e grant of land to the Baptist church , and o d ub t , th e first church ific , w a w s on o e r . .o ther th an th o s e previ ousl y mentioned a built this B y r g nt But , es s o . W l a e not to a o e t o a o o .th e Free i l B ptists wer b e ll w d rem in in s l e p s s i n

W a 18 3 4 o e S a a e a n a e o lot o f the field . ithin eight ye rs ( ) Ge rg h w g v cr fr m

C W a e to of th e a who a no w i 5 7 in kefi ld , the me mb ers Chri sti n church h ve r t

’ ” ! o th ed e o h t en a rticles o f m an s invention , a s the descripti n in e de s ts f rt

In the yea r 1 83 8 h alf an a cre of l and fro m the Jo s eph Young grant in

a a mes {U pp er Wo odstock wa s d ee d ed by J os eph Cunliffe to Ada m S h rp , J

P age Fifty - Pou r R o o a M cLau chl an Dem ill a e a a nd Wa H a berts n , J me s , Rufu s , J m s R nkin lter y , for the purp os e o f a Presbyteri an or a Church of S c otl and fabric an d gr a ve

’ a w w ya rd , an d a church , c lled S t . Andre s , as there built an d wa s in u s e f or 1 ma ny y ea rs . The foll owing ye ar ( 83 9 ) George Bull c onveyed to th e Right n Reverend Bern ard D ona ld M cDo ald, Roma n C ath olic Bish op of Prince E d

’ h o S n — ward Isl and , t e s ite up n which t . Gertrude church ow sta nds adde d to

a 1 4 and extend ed by l ater gr nts . In 8 5 there is granted to the Right R eve r

W a o a on e of a a of Pa ’ end illi m D ll rd acre l nd , p rt trick Murphy s grant in “ ” the military settl ement in the p arish of Wickl ow f or th e purpo se of a , church .

In 183 5 Nathaniel Jamie s o n deede d half a n a cr e of l and at Richmond Cor

f a a ’ ner , for the ere ction o church to b e kn own s S t J ohn s a nd for the u s e

f of E a n d w a o f memb ers o the Church ngl nd , a t o y e rs later , a lot of la nd a t “ ” M cKenz ie C orner was set ap art for the use of the S cotch Church ; it a l so

was the a o a of S t . o . a for o t a under p tr n ge J hn The l nd the N r h mpton kirk ,

a wa s in 18 5 6 to Wa a o a (Green B nk) deeded ll ce Gibs n , J me s Ra nkin , Ja mes .

“ a r a o eo a o o a e R nkin, j , D vid Gibs n , G rge Tr ft n , Anth ny Ke rn y , truste es of S t . . ’ f J ames church in c onne cti on with the Church o S c otl and .

o th a o b th a o a o i o f o n Bef re e cquisiti n y e C th lic uth r ties their site in t w ,

' a Meth odist church ha d b een built on a sp ot alm o st opp o site , an d near b y

wa s a p ars ona ge , which , l ong aband oned for the purpo se s f or which it was

built , remained in its s hell until quite recent d ays , although very few peo pl e

c knew ab out it . In c onnectio n with this ea rly chur h wa s a graveyard not f entirely disuse d until shortly before the c oming o the railway , when a n ew ‘ an d more suita ble lo c ati on wa s s ec ured and the b odies buried in the olcl

a a an d h o a wa gravey rd were t ken up buried in t e new . Th e rigin l church s ,

i a h e o was a o 1 8 5 h furnished w th bell . When t sec nd church built b ut 8 an t e

n f a and wa a o er a n d i c o r er o Ch pel Gre en streets , the bell s pl ced in its t w , n .

an d a w h recent ye ars when the present sightly subs tanti l church a s built , t e

ol old bell took up its d duties in the new building . Am ong the church bell s ;

’ a of t of the town it takes precedenc e in ge , the b ell S . Luke s going to its : d oo m with final s olemn toll at the time of the destruction of the church in f the 188 1 fire . Outside the t own o Woo d stock the first grant o f l and for the P use of a Methodis t church was ma d e by J . C . a lmer in the p arish of S i

monds . ’ w n f Old S t . Luk e s Episc op al church as erected o the sit e o the pre sent

h a an d church , which wa s given to the rector , churc w rdens vestry by Rich

a w a a he a o f a h r d S mith , in 1 832 . Within t o ye rs fter t cquisiti n o the l nd t e

church wa s in use an d for half a century th e c ongrega tion worshipped in it . The minutes of the vestry since 1830 a r e extant and further inf orma tion as

to the hi story of the Anglic an church in the parish since th a t d a te is : ea sily '

acc es sible to tho se interested . Indeed the registers of b aptisms , marria ge s .

and bur ial s ca rry us b ack to 1800. ‘ P o a o r b bly the ldest church edifice in the c ounty , and c erta inly in the f town ’ S t . , is Gertrude s , which wa s sta rt ed in 1 8 50 under the p as torate of

? o a Rev . Andrew Ba rr n nd completed when Fa ther C onn olly wa s the p ari sh ‘ . i a of a hi i p riest tts qu int style rc tecture w th , it is s aid , the na me of Wre n ,

b a - ehind it , lthough pretty well disca rded by de sign ers in the mid Victo ri an

a e h a s o f a a r e- o a g , , l te ye rs , been disc vered s striking and artistic . M o re

th e pity , tha t s o m any similarly constru cted old churche s ha ve b een ruth

“ o or d l e ssly dem lished ruine by res tora tio n. T he August picnic has b e

o an o . ol c me quite instituti n An d re sident remembers the first , held on the

" wa r sh. t s quite a a rge struct f or the time s an d althou h u s e , g d wa s com wa s , never e e n s disp o se d of , when the gfi pr e s ent s ite of the U nited Baptist church was a cquired fro m S teph en Par

so s . I to o a S L m n t is interesting kn w th t . . Till ey when a yo un g an , with

(" his c ar ee r yet b efore him , d elivere d a temp era nce l ecture in this old build

r a m ’ ing . In still e arlier d ays , the F ee B ptists et in Mr . Pars ons hous e at the — l ower co rner, an d l ater , used a building o n Victori a stree t als o u sed a s a — s cho ol fo r purp o s es of worship and other me etings . There was co nsiderabl e

d iff erence b etween th e Fre e Will an d the C a lvini st Baptists , ov er such que s

t i on s a s predestin ati on and fre e will , subj e cts co nc erning which , p eople ar e

neither ve r y well informed nor very much intereste d tod ay . A good deal of

o intere st was taken in the d ctrine s pr each ed by a Mr . Al b ion Ro ss , early

f s n in th e fift ies H e predicte d the end o the world wa a t hand , a d ev en sp ec

‘ ' ‘ f ifi ed 3the particu lar ye ar in which this stup end ou s even t would take plac e .

‘ '

As a result ot h is missi on , th e Adventist church aros e . Not ma ny years ag o

a step wa s ta ken in the directi on of chu rch union , wh en the C alvini st and

F r ee Ba pti sts c am e to gether and formed the U nited B aptist chu rch , which r ou ghly sp eaking embra c e s over on e ha lf of the total p opula tion of the coun

a wa s won a a d n o a o and e ty . This forem ost pl ce in f ir fiel with f v rs , cr d it who o d a o m ust b e given to the e a rly pi oneer mi s siona ri es , w rke l b ori usly , h c onscienti ously and with but sma ll remuneratio n , mixing fre ely amo ngst t e

p oorest of the settlers an d sh aring the ir life .

There a r e many intere sting l oc a l incidents ab out th e to wn of Wood sto ck .

T an d - n e a a of a s N ot the le a st s o , ar e the nin e hundred ninety ni ye r le se s l nd ,

t h a i a S a a o o of wher eby angs tale . R ch rd mith , gr ntee fr m the Cr wn per ‘ a n d i h aps th e mo st valu able p a rt of the town , d ied on e d y a by his w ll he

‘ l a at for of a a i e l eft his w id ow, Judith , al his re l e st e th e term h er n tur l l f ,

“ w ith gpower t o make an d give such l ea ses a s she s h ould s ee fit .

Sh e ch o se to m ake many le a ses for the fairly ext end ed term of nin e hu n

- a a een e e a te si red an d ninety nine years , m o st o f these le se s h ving b ex cut d f r H E hist oric monument situa ted at the s outhwest a ngle of Ca rleton c oun

“ ” ty . Fro m this po int the due north

o w a ho b undary line as st rted . The p tog r aph was kindly l oaned to the wri

E Du n ack f ter by H . . n , librarian o the

M aine S tate Libra ry , Augusta .

j e ctive , an d o not o a th ey w uld enj y their rep st the le ss , by imb ibing , with t a he ir liquids , little interna tiona l histo ry .

T h e c onductor who d irects th e tra in o perating b etwe en Woo dstock an d ‘ M cAdam a n , w r s th e travellers of Debe c junction and b id s them change cars — if t o— fo o h th ey wish r H ulton . T e na me of Deb ec is an unusual o n e and a nyo ne curi ous ab out such ma tters a s pl ace name s wonders wher e it c a me , o It a a . . o of f fr m is e sily expl ined Ab ut the time the building o the ra ilway ,

e o wa s o o an d a G rge Debe c g ing str ng in lumb ering f rming oper ati ons , a n d

‘ W a s o o f a a a a f the wner l rge f rm embr cing the site o the present statio n , a n d th ence the n a me . Throughout the c ounty th e history of th e name De ‘ a b ec is rep e ted . S ome enterprising pi oneer applied for a lot o f l and in the

a o o n a wild erness , energetic lly went t w rk a d cle re d the fores t . Others , not

in o n g hi s success , foll wed a d ve r y properly an d na tura lly , the l o ca tio n took

" f m w th e n a me o th e an , ho with pluck and foresight ma d e the first entry . , " f L n Th e s ettlement o inds ay is a instance . Three brothers of that na me — c a a 2 a m n me from Irel nd a round the yea r 1 8 0 Al exa nder , Willi a d Rob ert .

P eo ple with other n ames s oon foll owed suit , but the trio fro m the north o f

I rel and h ave left the sta mp of their n ame s on the l ocality . J a cks ontown a n d Ja cks onville were n ame d a fter J ohn Ja cks on a very e arly gra ntee of

l and in the p arish of Wakefield . Lo ng S ettlement and Bigga r Ridge ar e

a W a a o a o o ther inst n ces . hile de ling with J cks nville , there is very w rthy

w r m a rk to the credit of th at thriving c ommunity . N ot only as it well ep

re s ented in the gre a t war , but it is the firs t c ommunity in the c ounty to

e re ct a public monument in h on or of its s o ns who fell . De dic ated on the

h M 1 a 2 4t of ay , 9 2 0, it is prop o sed eve ry y e r on the s a me date to hav e a m em orial se rvice where it s tands on the c orner of the Ja cks ontown and

"

Wa terv ill e roads . .

Am ong the older s ettlements worthy of s ome m enti on is Newburg . ‘ r ir lan a n d A ound ab out 183 0, a p a rty of immigrants arrive d from I e d took up l a n d unde r th e provisions of that useful b it of legisl ation th e L ab or a ct . , ’ a a o n a Th ere were M artin H ale , Pet er Gall agher, William Mo n h n , J h M rtin ,

m nd o a o a a u n an d the two Fra e s , Jam es a Ge rge , Fr nk M nt gue , Ch rles C nni g m n e h a , J ohn M cG u ir e , Frank M c Car r on a d others . Their exp riences were “ ” a o a b out the s ame a s of other e arly settlers in th e c ounty . A tru e be r st ry

m a n ot a o i s still rel ate d by the older living residents , an d while it y b e lt g eth er uniqu e it a dds a thrilling t ouch to th e o rdinary tal e of settlement . ,

" “ Th e a fores a id M o nta gu e and M cG u ir e were returning from the cr eek when

“ a a ea . a t h ey met , on the r oa d n e ar h ome , a very l rge bl ck b r The be r , with

a d M cG u ir e a o a on a d w i s e discretion , to ok up the tre e , n , le ving M nt gu e gu r

a a o o f a o too k t o his house f or an axe, with the l ud ble bj ect in view fine b un the o for c t y a n d a fine be arskin . The bear , n oticing re ducti n in the enemy

an d a o and a a e e s , proceeded to co me d own the tree , m lici usly wilfully tt ck d

M o nta gu e wh o se life was s aved onl y by the timely c oming of M cG u ir e with , the axe . And even then it wa s a tos s up whether th e two men or bru in wi n o . e sa wa he b a e w uld Th y y it s t biggest e rskin ver s een in Newburg , but.

’ on ta o e on hi a f M gue b r s body the m rks o the bear s claws to his dying day . a on wa n o o f N Th w Gr ft s a utgr wth o ewburg . e first mill as sta rted by the a wh ha n “ H l es , o d o e , Geo rge St ickney with them . Lo ts were la id ou t by

r S a and a h a Spe ry h e S tickney g ve t e l oc lity its n ame of Gra fton . H e ap p ears to ha ve had a penchan t for na min g pla ce s f or he a fterwards moved

’ to ar o n a n h a w s h H tf rd a d n m ed it . A t o ny B ker a t e o riginal grantee of mo st of the l and now covered by Grafton .

’ n ! Wood stock has su fi er ed badly fro m two afiliction s , too many fire s a d too

a fi m ny po litics . The po litics m ay be dealt with l ater . Three gre a t con ag — rations a fflicted the town the first in the yea r 1 860. At tha t time on e or the prominent public buildings was the M ech anics Ins titute well up on th e ! f ea st side of M ain street hill , where the Gibs on block is . It wa s us ed or the

“ purp os es of a school a s well as a pl ac e for public l ecture s , etc . De stroyed , fir f f in the e o 18 60, a s ite wa s a cquired on the other sid e o th e bridge at

the top o f the hill , where a new building wa s erected an d afterward s burne d

1 860 o th of o s o o n the .The fire d em lishe d e busine s s p art the t wn . It t pped ea st side , with the Mech anic s In stitute in a shes . On the west side , the bus i

n es s hous es, extending onl y as far as C onn ell street , w ere pretty well d e m h stroyed , whil e the old M orehous e building , in a field met its d oo . T e , a n n ext gre at fire wa s on M ay 17th , 1877 , when M ain street wa s a g in swept o bo th s id es , a s far n orth a s Regent stre et and well b ack t o Richmond . At this time the meetings of the town council were held in th e c ounty build

n a h o ot e s i g , woo den structure on the site of t e pres ent c unty l . This f h c a ped but fell a victim to the next gre at fire . A building o n the site o t e

h e pres ent town ha ll , used to a large extent by the firemen , succumbed t o t

fla me s . The C able House o n the c orner of M ain an d C onn ell streets , a , really imp o sing brick structure four stories in h eight , an d quite recently

wa s a a wa a a o da f r Ope ned , swept w y . It s c lamit us y o Woo dstock , but with t c o mmendable a ctivity an d pluck , the citizens s et t o work o build a new.

The erection o f t he T own H all was almo st immediately under way . No vem

ber 1 8 81 found Wo od stoc k again visited with a confla gr ation . This time it

’ began about half way up Ma in street on the c orner of Emerald and licked ’ t o its way no rth on bo th sides . Old S t . Luke s , and a parti ally built church

on take its pla ce , and the quite recently erected Fre e Ba ptist church the th site of the U nited church , were all d estroyed . The C arlisle h otel , then e

a e Gib so n Hous e in c ourse of consru ction , b arely esc ped . The fire burn d , n a e s clear d own to the river only a few hous es , here a d there in its w ke ,

c aping .

’ The towm under incorp oration was ta king form a nd devel oping in spite of

- f a for these serious set b a cks . The first mayo r an d the o ccupant o the ch ir a wh o man a qua rter of a century was Lewi s Peter Fisher , o , as a y ung , c me

Page Fifty - Nine ” fr o e o an d f w m Fr d erict n entered up on the practice o the l a in Woo dstock . H e soon b eca me an advo cate of note , when there were s everal noted a dvo

a w a ca te s in the province nd if his reputa tion a s provinci l , it m ay s afely b e , s a o wa s s o a wa s o to the ov d h id , it nly , b ec use his sph ere c nfined pr ince an e

did n ot tra vel further afi eld . He , s eld o m if ever , tri ed a ca s e ou t of the c n d th o of ea ounty a , it i s s aid , he never a ppeare d before e c urt App l , yet ,

h is cl aim to b e cl a s sed a s a first ra te counsel is undisputed . As a mayor he w a s prudent an d c areful and wa s impre sse d with a due s ense of the obliga

a o and t i on s of hi s o ffi c e . His interes t in fre e public educ ti n in technical

wa s f r an a a a a of t ra ining , indic ated th a t in this re spect , he a d w y he d his , — l a b an a a a o t for ti me . Accumu ting y his industry d bility l rge f r une this — f Th f r o t o . e pa rt of th e c ountry , he left it in trust , o the b enefit the wn

a has a ccom odated fre e public hospital , built a s his priv te r esidenc e, b een , h s ince his de ath t o its pre sent b en efi ce n t purp ose whi l e t e library , the v o , c ation al sch ool an d the Fisher Mem orial school a r e other monum ents t o his

m of o . o and . e . em o ry . U nder the term s his will All is n B C nnell F Herb rt J

‘

D ibblee ar e the trustees . C HAP TE R I !

E T TLE M ENT S a ed an d a ha d incre s exp nded . There b een a c onstant , if

n t o f o rapid , devel pment o the c ountry . Th e L egisl ature p a ssed a cts to a s sist immigran ts as well a s to aid the y ounger generation wishing t o start on

wn - a its o a cc ount the L b or Act , alre ady referred to whereby w ork on the — public roads en abled a s ettler to pay f or his la nd , an d o ther me asures of a s sistance . In m any instan ces the s on s an d grand sons of river lo t gran tee s . o a n a la ou r to k l nd o the b ck tiers id t by surveyo rs , largely by H . M . G . G a

an a den , a well kn own sur veyor d a figure o f note in e rly d ays , wh ose name

o o th i f a an d fi gures c nspicu usly in e d escr ptions o gr nts deeds . Immigra ti on h was more or less stea dy , but a s time p a s sed it sc a rcely kept p ac e with t e emigrati on a cro ss the b order , where time s were su pos ed to b e b etter , and

a the field for ambitious young men was l rger . S ettl ers c a me from the Brit h ish Is les , w o , up on the wh ole , mad e goo d , a mid c onditi ons by no means ea sy . “ To the early s ettler or pioneer H artl and was the m outh of the B ecag u i ” m m a c general ly sh orten ed to the mouth of th e G u i ic ; Fl orenceville , But h k h M n n ter m ilk Cree k ; Bristol , S i te awk ; B ath , o qu ar t , a d Bea chwoo d , Bum

a a n f r aw. Wh e ther the s everal changes in n me s h ve b ee improvements will

a h n o a re main a matter of t ste . T o t e historia n they have ot be en . F rtun te

l a r a a a . a a a ly , th e o d na me s e ret ined in c ert in stre ms It is s id th t the B ec g u im ic has a gre ater descent from s ourc e to mouth tha n any other strea m o ar li of its length emptying into the S t . J ohn . At its mouth fr m the very e

oo of the est days has been a mill o f som e s ort or other , in the neighb orh d w of a S ayre mill of today . The l and no covere d by the thriving town H rt l an d was first gra nted to Willia m Ors er an d William Ors er, Jr and the is l and o pp o site the m outh of the G u im ic was include d in the Orser grant .

a a . a o William Orser, the elder , wa s evidently a s trong ch r cter H e c me fr m

an wa s a a e New Yo rk to S t . J ohn , with the l oyalists , d his first wife M ry Bl k , t o s a id to have b een the first female white English child b orn on the S . J hn

f x an d e a a river . S he died , le aving a family o s i children Ors r m rried wid

Page Sixty - One ow who co r bu e ea m , nt i t d r dy ade, half a doz e n mor e . With his wife and lar e a l ser m a e the t i to the ou th of th B eca mi g f mi y , Or d r p m e gui c in canoes , and for o a s me d ys after , this sturdy family fou nd the uptur ned canoe s a s hel

ter h t e s e t. e e e a o e an d ix o e under whic h y l p Th r , th y b d s m r children , sons , e e a e to the fa hi on s c f la w r dd d mily . W l e thi s ubj e t o rge families , it may b e o r of e o d a h - w thy r c r th t t es e six b egat forty two chil dren. A de scendant e er e as a ea e h pr s v s , tr sur d relic , t e axe with which the pi onee r , Or se r, chop ed o n the n p d w first tree o the b ank of the B ec ag u imi c, and values it quite as highly as if it were a b attle axe and had b een u sed to ch0 p off the head of o e o i a O n of he o of s me f ll w Christ n . e t s ns Willia m Orser , Georg e W . O r s er a e a a f , bec m pre cher o influ ence wi thin and b eyon d the c ommunity . At r o h h fi s t , c nnected wit t e Fre e Baptists he drift ed a way , or , as his biogr a h a p er s ys , wa s pushed ou t . At all events , he must h ave b een a man of fo rce

h a a f wit t l ea s t de gre e o m agn etism for he fo rme d a new b ody , known as h t e Primitive B aptists , with a m embership of upwards of two thous an d at the f a time o his d e th . It is not surprising that this se ct was fo r a l ong time ” o a s r r it s for no w an kn wn O s e e t only as Ors er the foun der , but the Ors er a h d fa mily , t first , a almost a monop oly in the supply of prea chers . Tha t the memory o f an old re sid ent of H artl an d recall s as the first build n i g , a log school hous e, on the sid e of the r oa d which then r an al ong the h h top of t e hill to t e rear , is a tri bute to the interest of the founder s of the

plac e in ed ucation . Before l ong , this p rimitive stru cture gave pl ace to a fr ame building- for the combined u s e of a pl ac e of worship and a s chool s itu ated on the bank of the river at the upp erm ost end of the pres ent town . a E The first re sidenc e wa s built by S amu el B . Or s er . S oon a fter w rd s , . B .

M cIsaac built a house a bo ut on the site of the c oncrete busines s block now and oc cupied by F . F . Plumm er . W . S . Nevers foll ow ed with a resid enc e h h f th n s tore co mbine d . The M cM u ll en resid ence, at t e s out end o e tow , still f a e wa s s tanding, d ates fro m thi s early peri od . Part o the S . B . Ors er pl c o a e rented as a store by S . H artt Shaw and George R . Burtt , but sh rtly ft r ward they m oved acro s s the street into a building erected over the stu mp n er a e of an immens e will ow tre e , cut d own to ma ke roo m . A co s id bl busi n es s wa s th en c arri ed on in the manufacture of shingl e s for the B oston mar

o f h B eca u imic wa s ket . Am o ng the early lumb er o pe rators at the m outh t e g Isaa c S tephens on who ca me from S unbury county be fore the time of the “ ” “ ” ec o s of a o e. Aroo stook war . In his ve ry inte re sting Rec oll ti n l ng lif — S enator S tephens o n for he went to M ichigan and b ec ame in time a million — a ire and a member of the U nite d S tat es Senate gives an a dmirabl e pen

a a ea e o . o picture of c onditions al ong the S t . John river t th t rly p ri d Ab ut 1 860 th e main road wa s changed to its present l oc a tion under the sup ervision

an o i a e oo the of Col . Ge orge H ayward of S unbury county , d th e gr wing v ll g t k

a ar a a e of omi name of H artland , whether a fter R ev . S mu el H tt , pre ch r pr n a a e e a on enc e or after J am es R . H artl ey , evidently b eing m tt r in d isput , m g o who a th se rec ll the times . Others cl aim tha t with prophetic vision it was

“ ” o a as s c lled the heart of the c ounty . This theory s eems to h ave at l east

da o a s a a a a th of o ea present y supp rters , he rt ppe rs in e centre the t wn s l .

o c wa s a N was When the firs t p os t ffi e es t blished W . S . evers the p ost master .

M ail ca me from Wood st ock every S aturd ay and the ca rrier announced his

c oming by vigo rous too ts fro m a l oud s ounding horn . A l arge s aw mill where planks and b oa rds were cut thr ough by the old fa shioned up and d own

o a as n pr ce ss , s well a grist mill on th e present mill site , a d a lumber st ore

a at the end of the bridge , were c ondu cted by S muel R . Ne vers . Rev . S am

M cM ll wh uel u in , o with other pioneers , sleep s in Greenwood cemetery on the h hl a ig nd , wa s the first Free Ba ptist minister , and the first distinctly church

building in the t own , b el onging to this denomina tion wa s finishe d and dedi ca t e 1 d in 8 7 5 . The Reformed Ba ptist an d the Metho dist churche s were not

and a a Th built until the nineties , the Anglic n within very recent ye rs . ‘ e a c o ming of the railway (1 8 70) put H a rtl nd distinctly on the m ap, and since

a ha nl th t time it s pro gressed stea dily an d he althfully , until it is not o y the

o f n f - - a s ec ond t wn o importance in the c ounty , but o e o the m ost u p to d te , cl ea n , well kept towns in the province . A wa terworks system wa s in augur

a a ted in 189 5 and the town bec me inco rp ora ted in 19 18 , with Webster D .

Keith the first M ayor , an d M a rv in L . H ayward town clerk an d s olicitor .

M r n any young men from this centre had volunt ee red in the great wa , a d it is a fine tribute to the goo d ta ste a n d th oughtfulne ss of the authoritie s

f a that in dividing the town into three wards the names o G oo dwin , Br dley M a nd M c u llin were selected a s th e respecti ve names , after Frank Goo dwin ,

a H erbert Bradley a nd S tephen M cM u llin , three Hartland b oys , killed in ction.

Ea a to sa of a o f a and o rly writers h ve much y the vill ge W kefield , lder f residents who reca ll events of l ong gone by d ays , tell us that Wakefield o

had a. o ld wa s the Victoria co rn er of to day . At this p oint , Ja mes R . Tupper

a a i of a l arge store , which wa s the rendezvous f or cert in comp n es militi dur m n f com ing the b oundary excitement . Tuppe r wa s a a o pr ominence in the

a a o wa s o a munity . When the s ec ond batt lion (C rlet n ) rg nized he held the m had a pla c e of payma ster . Bes ides his i mediate busines s interests he m ny o f the mail c ontra cts an d it wa s under contract with him th at the troops a were moved fro m Woodsto ck to E dmundston during the Trent afi ir . In the

n o a . ea rly days there wa s a hotel at Wakefield , c onducted by o e John M r n o a As showing the c omp aratively l ow price of land , it is interesting t le rn that a l ea ding resident and busin ess m an of the l oc ation now c overed by f e h a i h Victoria C orner , b ought s eventeen a cre s o land lying betw en t e m in h g

w an f a of o oo . a ay d the S t . J ohn river or seventeen p irs l ng legge d b ts Of l te or years we have all experienced the high price of even s ho rt legged bo ots ,

f a o o f b oots without any legs at all , but an a cre o the be st l nd in the c unty

a a f or a p air of b oots , would s eem to be une qu l b rter . The Indian n amed his rivers and strea ms after s o me natural phenomena “ ” o n e t . M edu xn acas si was c n c ted wi h them Thu s , his s rocky b otto m , B ec a “ “ ” u imic or G u im ic a e h k - g , s lmon b d, and S i tehawk , where he kill ed hi m a

o . a h d b it gru es me The Frenchm n a his Rivi ere d es Chutes , or river o f falls “ ” an d P e a o a re sq uil , l m st n island . S o wh en the Englishman ca m e al ong and

found s omething th at he thought ought to have a n ame he followed the ex a of mpl e his pred ecess ors in title . He found a good busine ss l oc ation o n a

high b it of l and by the bank of the river s o me twenty - fiv e mile s ab ove Woo d

st ock, with a lively stream running through and emptying into the river a nd

o e a he pr ce d ed to n me the pl ace Buttermilk Creek , b ecau se the water chum

cd n o a f ha an n - a up i t liquid , re miniscent o t t mild d n o intoxic ating b ever ge ,

a to a o a f th t us ed b e f v r bly known or its great p ork p ro ducing qu alitie s , but

ha s of a e o ou r e a o a o , l te b en end wed by m di cine m en with l m st mir cul usly a f a cur tive qu alitie s or huma ns . S imil arly , strea m s o me thre e or four miles

o a s fu rth er n rth w de sign ated the White M arsh , de riving its nam e from the

fa ct that its blue cl ay b ottom give s the surfac e wa ter an unusually white

a ppe ar ance . Buttermilk Creek was s o mething of a pla c e three qu arters of

a c entury ag o . T ow b oats , and l ater in the day , ste amb oats plying up an d

d own the river , l oad ed gre at qu antities of cord woo d , whil e a cros s the r a

ther ill - defined b oundary line a m an named Rob in s on c arri ed on a thriving

i th a a f and o t f r b usines s n e m nuf cture o shingl es , br ught th em o the river o a a or ot The o a e transp ortati on to their de stin tion on r fts herwise . imp rt nc

h - a in of t e river, in thes e pr e ra ilway d ays , must lways be kept mind . One

of the pioneer busines s m an wa s a Mr . Bradl ey , and within a short time ,

n a Stephen C . Burpee built a general st ore and a grist mill a d entered l rgely

D nni M c into lu mb e ring o p erations . J ohn L . S aund ers , Charle s Ke arney , e s

f a a Th d f h G afli g an and Rob ert Hume ar e o more re c ent d te . e buil ing o t e

railway brought the east sid e of th e river int o prominenc e . Havi ng ou t

grown Buttermilk Creek , an d b ein g in need of a m ore preten ti ous na me , a ” of b etter cho ice c ould h ardly hav e b een mad e, th an Fl orencevill e in honor

- h hiktehawk to the heroic and high s oule d nurs e of the Crimea . From t e S

th e s outhwest Miramichi the re ha d l ong b een an a ncient road , an d thu s Bris

tol ca me to b e a pla ce of imp ort an ce . h Inde ed lumbering op erati ons were carried on, up on all t e c onsid erabl e

r a o e an strea ms emptying into the S t . John , and mill s an d gen e l st r s s oon spr g

a E i o e r a e in u p . Isr el M erritt and Ja mes dwin Ph llips were pi n er t d s men

o i . H oon this l oc al ity . The M onqu ar t (Ba th) was even m re st rring ere , s i M cDo n an d a e o cent ered many bu sine s s c oncerns , the Ph llips , al d J mi s n ,

wa o th Watt C ommins , Tho s . B ohan an d other s , whos e bu sines s s fed fr m e

’ M f r a n id pro sperous and growing b a ck s ettlements . The cNally s were o co s

’ crable time a ss o ciated with Beechw oo d, whil e old r esidents of Brown s sid f a ing talk of Capt . Cox an d the Fitzherb erts with their l arge grants o l nd a the and their rath er l ively s tyl e of living . Old so ldiers figured ll al ong

page Sixty- Four

di buil ngs . In mos t c as e s they have be en replac ed by more imp os ing str u e

. e e t a e vil an a tures V ry pr t ily situ t d , C entre l e is attr ctive residential village .

a o fii n to o oo th r Aw y in the g , the n rthwe st , l ms up e histo ic Ma rs Hill , tr e t q uently referred o in a fo rm er p art of t his nar r a tive .

a o an old Willi mst wn i s settlement and th e l ake or chain of l akes , fr o m which the n am e of Lakeville is d eriv ed wa s formerly kn own a s Williams town Lake . The surroundings of Williamstown a r e singul arly a ttractive f o an a a r m gricultur l p o int of view , and the s ame m ay b e s aid of its more pretentious neighb or co mmunity , Lakeville . The na me s o f Jon athan Bridges ,

’ o a M cWa de o O L ear a a o a B en Th m s , J hn y , C lvin Churchill , Andrew J m es n nd

E ar a verett e a s s o ci ted with the pioneer d ays of Williamstown . Ev er ett n built a d op era ted the mill a t L akeville , before it was tak en in hand by the two ar v ll an o La C e s , S . A . d Bish p . rks ville p oints o ut , a s its e arliest settl ers ,

M a tthew Co rb ett , Thom as Bridges , S amuel Tra cey , Geoffrey White , Rob ert

S . a a r a o ar v el s a a n d a a mith , sen Over h lf c entu y g the C l c me little l te r ,

Willia m Armstro ng and J ohn F . Willia ms . The l ake is a stretch of inl an d

wa ter , perh aps in all four by two a nd a h alf mile s , and is the s ource of the l P ittle re squile .

Va rio us efforts were ma de toward s what may b e termed s o cial s ettl ement ,

gro ups of pe opl e kindred in so cial a nd religi ous a ffiliations . Appropri at e h l instances of this p olicy ar e found in the Gla s sville , Jo nv ille , Know esvill e — and Be aufort s ettlements . Govern or M anners S utt on s ee ms to have b een

the origina tor of this s cheme , which w orked ou t well in the settlem ent s

had o e a n amed . P erhaps it woul d ha ve b een better it been m r gener lly

n h a o a of ee o r o a dopted , t hat we might ot ha ve t e unh ppy c ntr st thr f ur

! churche s an d minist ers in a s mall co mmunity on the one hand , and l ong

stretche s wh ere there is neither mini ster n or church on the o th er , and where littlechildren ha rdly know wha t G o d m ean s .

Gl assville c a me into b eing a s the result of the a ctivity of a Presbyt erian

a f S o a . a c of minister , R ev . Charle s Gord on Gl ss o Aberde en , c tl nd A tr t o a of a cre s was s et ap art , with the expe cta tion that n e hundred f milie s Pres

’ a on he eas byter ians from S c otl and would o ccupy one hundred a cres e ch , t r Th ar onable p ayment to the govern ment of three shillings an a cre . e first

rival s to f orm the pione ers of this new thriving settlem ent w ere the M ol n

n a a to S o a to r tosh , Joyn er a d Bis set f milies . Gl s s went c tl nd fu ther his set

tlem ent idea and t o lecture t o the pe ople on the advanta ge s of life in New

a a a ee the B run swick . There a pp ea rs t o h ve risen misunderst nding betw n n n o e of government an d Gl a ss over his dutie s an d remunera ti on , a d wh e s m

a ha d e i e e e e the settlers a rrived , th ey cla imed th t things b en m sr pr s nt d , but I of 18 61 be and the difficulty was adjusted . n the summer twe en fifty sixty

st alwa rt settlers a rrived fro m S c otland t o j o in the c ommunity a lrea dy es l e a a . a e tablished and as time went by , m ore were dded Gl s svill sti l r m ins a as en a distinctively though not exclusively Presbyterian . Gl ss w evid tly

Page Sixty - Six ri s for his man of enter p e, b eside s s ettlement idea he conce ived the proj ect of a r e e ia col e e oo s o a e a P sbyt r n l g in W d t ck , did , in f ct, rect building , whi ch,

hi e ne e e o ed to h o for w w l v r d v t the hig purp se which it as intended , was

i se a a a em nar o some t me u d s priv te s i y c nducte d by Glass , and o n the es tab

hm n of r ee oo S 18 1 w lis e t the F Sch l ystem ( 7 ) as b ought by the tr u stees . The

“ ” mm ar d o ade Gra schoo l an ther g r s w ere long held in the C ollege S chool , which stood on the s ite of the Fish er Me morial . It was s oo n fou nd advis abl e to lay ou t another ten thous and a cre s to a cc omodate the incoming s et

tler s . As ear ly a s 1860 a mill had be en built by one Jo seph N . Fa rley on

the Coldstream , at the threshhol d o f Centra l Gl assville , now b earin g the

" name at E sdrael on . Energetic effor ts were ma d e to ext end the cl earings and h among t e first to take a hand were John Al exander and David Miller . Th e

settl ement was augmented by the a rrival of Ge orge B . Reid , John Simpson ,

John Millie, Archie S cott , Jame s Lawson , Willia m Love , Hugh Miller and

s n a others , while a ectio in West Gla ssville kno wn s Ketchum ridge , was se t tled by immigrants fro m the S ta te of M aine . Th e earliest resident minister wa a er a who o a a of th o a s Rev . S muel B n rd c vered l rge section e c untry s well as the G las svilles . Wh en Ab erd een wa s form ed into a sepa rate p arish ,

a the first councillors to repre sent it were J mes N . Farley an d James L .

n h a f S impso n . Forest on a d t e b ck s ecti ons o Aberdeen were outg rowths , f h a m th t a l argely , o t e Gl s sville settl ement . The roa d fro e river ou t o Gl ss a ville i s s omewh at hilly , but is improving all the time , by re s on of th e auto

h n o oa r o T h o e u mobilist , w o kn ows politics , when r d s a e c ncerned . e w nd rf l ill an views a cr o ss the country from the b ills , a s you take in the Jo hnv e d

Knowlesville settlements in the distance a t a glanc e , rep ays the extra en

‘ f h o and er gy devoted to the climbing . Mo reover , even the S c o t o t e sec nd h a third generation as liking for hills .

m a o Johnville, named after Bishop John S weeny , a result of the im i gr ti n Em i p olicy alrea dy referred to and through the activitie s of the S t . John

a o wa s o a in 1 9 th o of o a the gr nt Aid S ciety , rg nized 85 , with e bj ect enc ur ging i n om o s ettlement of Crown Lands . T he following y ea r apetit o fr Bish p h a of S weeny , askin g for a reserv ation of acres of l and in t e p rish was Kent , was favorably receive d and in the a utumn a survey of the lands a t the made . But before the a ctual co mpletion of the sur vey , the fir s t st r in

o S t. s ettlem ent was made by Hugh M c Cann and his wife, who cam e fr m

’ a a o o s . J ohn fortified with strong rms , stout hearts and a y e r s pr visi n This had the worthy coupl e put in a winter of hardship an d loneliness , but they

a a o of a a wa and the o e s tisf cti n h ving bl zed the y by next winter, the str k of the axe was hea rd all around ab out them and fifty families were their

h o a o o neighb ors . A remarkable fea t is relate d of one of t e pi neers , B rth l

M a 186 1 and mew Riley , who with his s on c a me from N ova S cotia in y with ’ o h ha ou t a moment s delay sta rt ed in to work . At the end o f two m nths e d e a e thr e cr s und er crop , in oats , turn ip s and p ota toes an d when his wife and t he of a l a re st the f mi y rriv ed in the fall , there wa s a c omfort able h ou se

a for o a a r e dy them . Th m s Creh n , wa s o n e of the origina tors of the c ol ony wh a o oo a a e . a o a a m de g d und er h rd circumst nc s He c me fr m G lw y , Irel and , an d o no E c uld t even spe ak nglish . B efore his death he had a w ell equipp ed

a o f f rm thre e hundred a cres , and was w ont t o s ay tha t he was b etter ofi a n d a a a o o ha o h ppier th n his l ndl rd wh m he d left (with ut regrets) in Irel and . A sma ll school hous e wa s built in 18 62 an d shortly aft erwa rds a p ost office

’ wa s o o Opened in J hn B oyd s h us e . In the m eantime , such had b een the suc

ce s s of the m ov ement , tha t m ore a cre s was applied for a nd granted

a nd spe edily taken up . The yea r 1 86 4 s aw the first p a storal visit of the

o o th n w s b ish p t e s ettl ement a d it a then d ecided to build a church , which

wa s co mm enced almo st immediately , government agree ing to de ed one hun

dred a cre s at a n o min al figure . In th is s omewh at heavy und ertaking for a

new c ol ony , the J ohnville p eople of e arly d ays , te stify to the generous a s sist

h a a nce they received fro m their pro testant n eighb ors . The churc s then w f a built a s in us e or s everal ye ars . Its pl ace is n ow fill ed by hand s ome

h n a and l a rge edific e . O n the 13 th of l a st July , in c onn ection with t e a n u l p icnic the 6 0th annivers ary of the founding of Johnv ille was c el eb r a t ed by h an unique and instructiv e pro cessi on in which y oung and old j oined . T e

a n - e s older men le d o ff , c arrying the l nd cle aring a d s o il d eveloping imple m nt

- h a - a axe th o f the primitive d ay s , the grub hoe , the sh ovel , t e h nd m d e , e

i o l a o e a o thre shing fi ail , the fanning m ll , whil e women dr ve in o d f shi n d w g ns

o o and inter m ed with the spinning whe el in full o per ati n . The d evel ping o e a ne iate sta ge s of progre s s foll ow ed , cl osing with the m ost m d rn m chi ry — driven by stea m an d ga s oline , an d the autom obil e . A p arty of Nov a S c oti ans m ostly fro m the c ounty of Ya rm outh and l arge h ly c o mp o sed o f se a fa ring men were resp onsible f or th e s ettl ement of t e h a the a e o e Kno wlesville s . Just a s minister Gl as s took t e l e d in Gl ssvill m v

wa o of o mi a on ment , s o , R ev . Charles Kn owle s s th e M ses Kn wlesville im gr ti h o a a nd a o He was a B aptist minister , who ad visited the l c lity h ving b een t ld

w o a o d t o a e a o f , an d with his o n eye s , seen the p r mise d l nd pr cee de p er su d wh n of o l and e l of the c ol ony of Yar m ou ther s , o, o doubt , tired the t i s p ri s ’ a o of a a an d e ep , listened t o the prea cher s gl owing cc unts l nd with luxuri t

a n ot o o an d e to a e forests a b ounding , an d s oil th t did kn w r cks , decid d l e v a and a a e a e the pursuit of the halibut and the cod, m ove inl nd r ise l rg f mili s was e S m a o . , a nd big crops . One of the very first pi neers F W bster im s

o a e . a e shipbuilder of Plymouth , N . S . H e j ine d J m s R H rtley in his surv y

ohn ll an d o e and a r a of the Gl a ssvill e, J vi e Kn wlesville s ettlem nts fte w rd s a s 1860 d the o o a t ook l and in the l atter s ettl ement . This w in an f ll wing ye r

J o s eph and Jac ob Whiteh ouse arrived a nd were granted l ots of land sid e by w a a the of the s id e o ppo site the present B aptist c hurch . T o ye rs l ter bulk

n d the . o n oo t o S t . o a s ettl ers arrived . They c ame by sch ner J hn up St J h

Page Sixty - Fish on a a oat river ste mb , well remembered by the elder people , the Bonnie oo wa D n . It s ea rly in the spring an d c onsid erable delay wa s caused by i ce a n a e E bre ki g the p ddle whe l . ventu ally th e p arty l anded a t the m outh o f B eca u im ac a a d a o of oa o a a the g (H rtl n ) By s rt r d , little m re th n trail , t o wa t o hey f und their y the settlement . Among the early pioneers were

o a o o a S a o o nd R r J hn G yt n , Th m s pinney , Jeremi h Fr st, R b ert a Byron eike , a o P an d a a M urice H bb es , rince Kinney , a f mily n med Whea ton . Th ey ex

eri ence th a a f p d e usu l h rdships o col onists , and at time s were limited in the

a of i of a o m v riety their b ll f re , th ugh , it ay s afely b e aver red , not in quan

. lo o one a oo an an a tity A g h use with l rge r m d open firepl ce , formed secure not o a and if luxuri us qu rters , when the tree s were cleared away , and crop s e a o e w re st rted , x n were entirely used . F or severa l ye ars there was but on e

o e o h rse in the s ettl em nt . Religi n being the b a sis of thes e thre e settlements , it may be remarked that the founders o f Kn owl esville were s oundly puritan

and a E in their views pr ctice . a ch settl er had a hundred a cres al l otted him and one a wa s id f hundred cres given in a o a church , which was built soon a th o a a o of o fter e rg niz ti n the c ol ny . Mr . D oucette , a French pro testant , was

a o the first p st r . One of the ea rly sch ool teachers in Kn owl esville , when a

o ma n wa a y ung , s the l te D . M cL eod Vince , who a fterw a rd s b ec a me a pro m inen m an a n t in the c ounty , a s a s oldier , a s a l wyer, a s a politician a d a s a citizen generally interested in the well b eing an d well going of the com munity .

S kida ddle Ridge wa s the n ame l ong given to the Ma pl eton neighb orhood “ ” kida ddl e d near by, b ecaus e it is s a id , a g ood ma ny of the e a rly settlers s

of fro m Ma ine a cross the b order , when L incoln , finding the strength the

o all a b od U ni n Force s te sted to the uttermo st , is sued his clarion c all for ble

o ied men to enlist under the c ol ors , and further o rdered that if they w uld

nl a We a not e ist v olunt rily , the machiner y of the dra ft wa s a vail able . h ve

ad no a e experienced s omething of draft evaders in this c ountry , but they h s f

r pl a ce t o flee into , in the l a st two yea rs of the grea t wa . However when ” o of the U ni on wa s in peril s ome pa cifi st s ca me over to this c ountr y . M st “ ea the skidaddler s did not rema in very l ong o n the ridge . After a few y rs ,

a k addl d an d perhaps when the d nger of the draft was over , they s id e hither

ul a a o o thither , and n o on e up in that p a rt of the c ountry is partic rly nxi us t

“ a a f o a e cl im nc estry o them . The cynical a xio m that a live c w rd is bett r ” a of. thana d ea d hero has deservedly falle n into disrepute . During the d ys recr uiting a young volunteer rema rked t o the writer th at he had th ought “ ” o over tha t s aying an d he c oncluded tha t he would rather b e a dea d her . a S kidaddle And he is . Mapleton now c overs the ridge o nce kn own s , but the Mapl eton p eople ar e not skidaddler s n or the d escend ants of them . o a Older peo ple who rec all the Woo dsto ck fire of 18 77 , will well rec llect th t

a o o . s h ortly fterward s , S t . John , wa s visited with the w rst fire in its hist ry a wa s After the a she s had cooled ofi and men tur ned ab out and s aw wh t

Page Sixty - Nine m b efore the , a res ident , one W . B eaufor t Mill s co nceived the idea of form in a se e in a e o o f h h g ttl ment C rl t n c unty o peo ple w o in t e main, b elonged , like himse lf, to the Church of England . Af ter some p er s ua sio n , he succee d n ed in getti g quite a numb er o f families to j oin with him , many of them “ ” coming fr o m wha t wa s known as the vall ey in the city of St . John. The — spot of land finally agre ed up on was in the p ar ish of Kenn close on and — overla pping the p arish line now known a s Beau fort , a fter the or igin ator of the s che me. The l and was gran ted on easy ter ms and today the s ettl ement is refer red to by one of its residents as one of the mo st charming commu ni t ie s to be foun d anywh ere . The s oil is excell ent, b acked by . valuabl e har d

a e—m oo eer and ea e ed ou —a ou nd wood forests , while g m s e , d , fish f th r f l b .

Tho se who fir s t set tl ed B eaufort bears the nam es o f W . Beaufor t Mills , Jos

a L a a o so co l Am o and eo e G an eph Lee, Willi m ee, S mu el Sh rp , J hn n S vi , s G rg l ai d er Al o z o a a t er , George We l s , George B ley , Fre Skinn , n Ch pm n , A . P . Cum

a e M nz e as tea hor n r Jas mings , Jas . S ta ckhouse , J m s i y , J . S g , A thur Kyle, . n o o a a Robins on , Geor ge, Tho s . a d Rob ert Jos hua D b s n, D vid Cl rk,

a e Chas . Walton and Ch rl es B atti e.

t ime to the legislative c ouncil in whi ch h e a i d e r m ined until ts isolu tion . A a de e , o fo r o e f ~ b t r well kn wn his quick p w r o retort , oppo nents were rather dis os e to ea a cal a p d dr d his s tiri rep rt ee . When Woo d stock too k worth of o a a om n L st ck in th e r ilw y c pa y , indsa y wa s appointed a directo r to rep e e the o n . o S . L r s nt t w J hn eighton , Geo r ge W . White and Ra ndolph K Jon . es

a a the in the e ea a ppe re d in field n xt few y rs . D vid Munro had b een ap

p ointe d registr a r of d ee d s an d o n his d eath wa s succeeded by Leighton .

o e e one e a ter a e o a o of th J n s s rved t rm , f w rd s b c ming m y r e town , whil e White o e to a an a e n er c ntinu d t ke ctiv i t e st in public affa irs until his d ea th .

oo o o d . U to a a a and o A new s ch l f ll we p th t time , nyw y, s me time a fter,

a o the a wa s a ed o o oca p rty divisi n in legisl ture b s up n s me l l is sue , but in

time to c ome the pa rty m an age rs conceived tha t it would b e in the int ere st

o f their respe ctiv e machine s to keep th em well o ile d an d the c ogs c onstantly o and s o an a o wa o e o m ving, extr ne us issue s intr duc d , up n what princ ipl e of l o f gic it is d i ficult to understand . The na me s of th os e who hav e s erve d in

a s 1 83 7 ar e e th the legisl ture inc e given els ewh re . Of e numb er , H enry A .

o e was a o o o o 189 2 C nn ll , minister (with ut p rtf li ) ( Wendal l P . J ones , s ol

- - — icitor a 19 06 a . P o a gener l ( J me s K Fl emming , r vinci l s ec retary (1908 11 ) d P 1 11 m an remier ( 9 B . Frank S ith , Mini s ter of Pu blic Wo rks (19 16 A rec ord is al s o given o f th os e who h ave b e en elected from the c ounty to

s erv e in thepar liam ent at Ottawa . It m ay b e sa id without fe ar of conv inc ing c ontra dicti on th a t up on onl y fiv e oc c a sio ns have th ere been really im

p ort ant issu es b efore the pe o ple , C onfederati on the Na tion al p olicy

the Reciprocity issue , (19 11 ) the que sti on o f U nio n gover nment a nd

c ons cription , (19 17 ) and the elect i on l a st ye ar

Between time s it wa s l argely a que sti on of ins and outs an d stree t

‘ n can s ff ct tha c or er ya s es were more e e iv e n a rgument . It must b e a dded ,

- th a t for a couple of de ca d es b efore the world war , el ection c ontests in thi s

o c oun ty were s omething o f which h e have n reas on to b e prou d . Politica l

n f a n wh experts , without a y kn owledge o p olitics exc ept its se my sid e, a d o — — c oul d get vote s by hoo k or croo k m ostly by crook were promi nent in th e

“ ” o be o o n foot lights . The p opula r axi ms , to the vi ctors l ng the sp il s a d ” “ a every m an ha s his pri ce were heartily c o mmend ed a n d endorsed , lthough

o f the o e and the one wa s the product of an Americ an politi ci an w rst typ ,

the o ther was nev er uttered in the form in which it is qu oted . Pra ctic al p arty workers (an d of c ours e thi s applie s else where than C arleton) regarded

a pl ace in the civil servic e not a s office of trust , with duties to be perform

a to o o a a a o wa s c om et ed, but a s plum g t the f ithful m nipul t r, whether he p a and who had ent f or the dutie s o r not . The public gener lly even tho s e a n he end orsed such do ctrine s were b ec oming he rtily sick of them , a d, th en , t war revolutioniz ed the mi nds of men and a b ett er and m ore he althful con

w s t n of e a b e o to . ception of the duty public lif , g

It is surp ri sing how much of the hi story of the county and its vicini ty , m s , o , ta en o of a u t perf rce b e k up in the rec rd events with military settin g, ’ a nd y et in over a c entury s a ss o ciat ion with milita ry matters with regi ,

a o on war n a e an d a ments p ssing thr ugh , i tent , with b tt rie s b ttal i ons , c ontin u all o a a o and o a o y in rg niz ti n f rm ti n , no C arl eto n county m an ever b eca me a a a w r c su lty , until the gre at a . The old l o4th wa s in s everal a ctions and

and o d o o art f men were killed w unde , but n t fr m this p o the province . The “ ” oo oo war a s h Ar st k , a s b een s aid wa s bl oodless . But it was o nl y by good

o or c a o o f war f rtune lu k , th t the h rr rs o did not rea ch the d oors o f th e peo le a o th p l ng e river . After the p a ssing through of the imperial troo ps f or

ana an d U pper C da , the m obiliza tion of the embod ied militia f or l ocal d e in fence 183 7 , n othing s eriou sly disturbed th e pursuit of pea ceful o ccup ations

n 186 2 ad a a o a afir was u til , when the Trent ir lm st set the he ther e . It dur in i a war Tw g the Amer c n civil . o southern env oys , too k p a ssa ge on the

a a f or E a n m id o a w l Trent , British m il ship , ngl nd . I ce n , th e Trent as h e d S an a o an i a f a up by the J cint , Amer c n sl oop o w r , in co mm and o f C apt .

a nd h o Wilkes t e env ys were taken in ch arge . Great Brita in d emanded their immedia te relea se an d b etwee n the time o f their a rrest an d th eir r eleas e s r a o a a el ti ns were str ined lmost to the brea king p oint . Troops were hurried

o n fr m Hal ifax a d from overse as , an d a de ta chment p a ss ed through the c oun

n wa ty o their y to Qu ebec , a s many a s six hundred b eing ga rrisoned at on e time in Woodsto ck . Ab out forty t e ams were emplo ye d in the transpo rting of oo o o o o to E o an d a r m e the tr ps fr m W dst ck dmun dst n , there e elderly n living in the county who took pa rt in the undertaking, a nd m an age d to make h quite a co nsiderably few h onest do llars thereby . The route sel ecte d was t e

d . west side o f th e river , and a s it was in midwinter , sleigh s an sleds were

o f c ourse , used . The first sta ge of th e j ourney was fr om Woodstock to Fl or

e ncev ille, the second fro m Fl orenc evill e to And over, the third from And over

o to Grand Falls , and the fourth fro m Grand Falls to Em u nds ton a nd ab ut

four days were occupi ed in the wh ole trip .

No further war cloud disturbed the p ea ceful atmo sphere until the No rth we st rebellion which s ta rting a s a co mpa ratively small Indian ou t

d o brea k in the regi on of Duck Lake in the n orth west territories , evel pe d

a o f into a se riou s insurre ction of h alf bre ed s an d Indians , at the instig ti n o

Lo uis Reil and und er the ra ther abl e military direction of Gabriel Dumont .

As ma ny a s five thous and C anadian volunteers were mob ilized an d in the

field an d the c asualties went into the hundreds before the r ebellion wa s w co o a ta o wa s a ou t M a an d crushed . A N e Brun swick mp site b t li n c lled in y a The to Ca rleton c ounty wa s allotted the duty of c ontributing one c omp ny . n a ba ttalion was brigaded at S ussex but before they c oul d g et a y further ,

- n m ak r wa s a an d he of redou btable Indian wa rrior , P ou d e c pture d t end the o th o all a o a ai . a n t rebellion ca me . S o , e b ys m rched h me g n Th t they did a n a . a u o a , get farth er , was ot their f ult A gr tef l c unty g ve them neither l nd n a and th a e s ar e o o nor ribb on, nor meda l or th nks , even eir n m f rg tten , ex t o of o h c ep by the few surviv rs , wh m t e wr iter is one . The su balter ans of

co an e Li u ts - the mp y w re e . Ch arles Ca rm en a nd Frank Bo urne .

Only th e very yo ung do not h ave s ome re coll ection of the S outh African war wa ‘ . It s at fi r st thought a matter o f a few mo nths would see the e nd of a the ffair, but frontal atta cks in ma ss o i e e n expe r enc d rifl shots , s cat t er ed and e e o wa s not h . hidd n b hind r cks , t e m o st s cientific way of m eeting a o a n to b e th e situ ti n , d succes sful in war , p er s onal brave ry must b e aec o m

anie d i a a a a p with m lit ry str te gy . C n da provided her qu ota to the fighting o ce an d a a o f r , C rl et n c ounty deta chm ent of artill erymen left Wo odstock o n 1 l th of a a 1 th e J nu ry , 9 00. They were given th e r ou sing send off they d e

an d on on 17 of a a 19 01 i n s erve d their return th e th J nu ry , , w th o singl e l oss , a o e a a a . lth ugh th y p rticip ted in sever l enga gements , th eir rec eptio n wa s most

a . T he o o i h d enthusi stic C unty C uncil , wh c , when it d ecide s t o o anything, o n o ha a wa a e an d es it in lf he rte d y , g ve th e return d vete r s a b anquet , a nd ea m an wa s ch presented with a go ld watch . Tho s e who went to S outh Af

a : Li . 0 oo i a . . n o . a e a ric were eut W G d , ( c mm nd ; A H yd n ; Fr nk Buc k ; R . S . o S a L n o Welch ; Ge rge e rl e ; Wm . i n ; R bt . Hughes ; Wh eel er Leighton ; H a rol d a a sa Gr y ; H rry Dy rt ; A . Tibbitts ; Fre d Eve rett ; Frank Brewer ; Norman C amero n ; R ob ert S mith ; William Kennedy ; Ha rry Hall ; H arry M cLean ;

Geo rge P arker ; Ge o rge Glew .

m an a o A must h ve b een end wed with very littl e ima gination , who on

Au gust 4th, 19 1 4, h ea rd tha t E ngl and had j oined with Fr an c e a n d Rus sia in d efending the integrity of Belgium a gainst the ruthless on slu aght of G er

a and a an d h h im n e no e o a t oru h . Po b e e a m ny Austri , f lt tr m r p s s g { sur , m y th ought that , b etween the invincibl e British Navy and the irre sistible Rus sian

stea m roller , even the efficiency of th e Germa n militar y machine would col

a s a n d f il a eo had e o t and e o s l p e a e rly . But thinking p ple th ir d ub s th ir d ub t i h f o w a were justif ed . T e milita ry o rganiz ati o n o the c unty as immed i tely set h in moti on in view of ord ers to mobilize a t Val ca r tier , Queb ec . On t e 2 0th f l o f Au gu st the firs t d eta chment of s oldier s l eft Woo ds to ck , consisting o Co .

M c l e a o . . J . R . Kirkpa trick , aj o r A . N . Vin e , Co . W . W . Mellvill , M j r J J Bull ,

E E l a n Li t . a a d eu s . . R . Vince , K . C onnell , Fr nk in R nkin Leo G raves , thirty h on e men of th e Brighton engin eers , twenty s even of t e 6 7th Re gt . , and 17

2 h n o f the 2 8th Dra goon s . S even d ays a fterwards , the ( 7t , ) a c o ting ent of

the Woodstock Fiel d Battery le ft town for Valc artier under c ommand of Lt . m R L o S M a . T i i o S e . o e W . C . G ood with t . R . V . J nes , gt . j W ls n , rgts y Appl

Wm Ar m s tr on Wm e and t e . e e e 19th by , . g , . Curri thir y ight men On S pt mb r , nd 4 me n a C apt . G . G . M cLau chlan , Lieu t s . Rid eo ut a Williams took 7 to H li

o he war e t fax. T o tell the tale of the p art this county to k in t mu st b e l f

m a a e t o a future historian , but it ay s a fely b e s aid th t its record will comp r An a i f e n favorably with any oth er in the provin ce . ct ve system o r cru iti g

h h wa a a o and the was carried on . T e 55t Re gt . s l rgely r is ed in he c unty ,

a r a a. 6 5th Field Battery , stationed here s ome tim e, se nt forw rd many d fts , oo a n a e o an g d p ercent ge be i g C rl t n d Victo ria men . A c ompany of the l o4th

r was a o e h i e 19 15—1 an e gt . st ti ned her during t e w nt r 6 , d fo r e time a consider f h w a ble quo ta o the l 4ot . Ha rtland al s o as the tempo rar y quarters for a

c ompany of the l 4oth .

h war wa h of When t e s over, t e County C arleton , tru e to its tradition of

b eing in the l ea d , too k into c onsiderati on the m ost suitabl e memoria l to the

men who had laid down their lives . After a full and co mplete ca nvas s of

the ma tter and deb a te in council , it was decid ed to ere ct a m onument on the

court house gr oun ds ,in the town of Woodstock . A mass ive and s tately

mo nument was , c onse qu ently , erected in the l a tter part of O ctober las t and

unveil ed and dedi ca ted , wi th impo s ing c eremony on Thanks giving day , N ov

ember the 7th, 19 2 1 . The name s of thos e who fell , to the number o f 144 ar e

f h mn ment a a a inscrib ed on the four side s o t e o u . The gr nite figure of Can

n th k a d - dian soldier , which surmou ts e monument , is stri ingly re l an life l ike . The names ar e as follows

RO LL O F HO NO R

E a a oo C . P . M cClu skey ric M rk H yw d

a a Cl arence William s H rry W. H vens a e E a e J . Alliso n Bull Cl renc . H v ns

o i Charl es S . Tru e J hn W . Judk ns

a a r . L J me s E . Lynott H r y G ewis e to a o Ja me s C . Ketchum H c r C mer n E dwin R oy S now Percy T own send

t e a Ar hur M . Fish r Cl renc e Avery a o Allis on E . S harpe J mes A . Dickins n o E H Frankl in S . Rankin R bert . ull

o o a Walter C . Haywa rd Greg ry Ri rd n N e i Robert B . C ampb ell A . evill V nce

a Na so Robin A . Hawkins M xwell A . n a a o Burton A. Wall ace H rleigh B . W ts n

r ' a A ch D . M cDou g all Ch rles H . Bull a Ha rry A . Jacks on C . V . Kirkp trick

o P a a H . E . M u r chl and J seph . H nnig n

a e v o o Fra nk E . C mpb ell M l in A . R bins n Willia m Bed ell George Bulmer

Daniel P . Wh alen Robt . A . S aunderso n

S tephen Toma r J ohn B . Hipwell

Robert C . M ooe rs Fran cis E . M cLar dy

Guy To mpkins Burdette W . Harm on Dalton Rid eout Tru eman Lovely L C . eo Gra ves Alwyn C . Brewer R oy Justin S haw Bernard S aunders RO LL O F HO NO R (Continued )

i a Arch b ld S utton Archie H . Gib er s on

a a z R nkin Whe ry Lee A. M cKen ie

a Willi m V . D alling S tillman Huggard e Fr d W. Jac que s S tanley Ath erton Oliver H ans on Ralph Wil ey

E n Pa o r est rs n s Charles A . Fisher

a Wend ll P . Hull S amuel M . Linder

a M Willi m Ge orge J . Arch cDou gall

Woo dfor de L George Wm . . H artsgrove

E o . Ambr se J one s Jo seph A . Thomps on

o E R bert . John s on M . E arle Brooks

Wendell H olmes J ohn W . Lamont

a R lph A . C olwell Le igh An ders on

o o P G rd n . Cha pman H arold B . Cha rlton L ! eo inck Berry L . Long S il a s Dewitt H arry Rundle

a N Willi m P o inting . S . Anna B . Wes t

o G rd on Kelly Wm . B . Whitc o mb e

o o J hn G rmley S tanley W . Dra p er R E oy . B aker Frank R eddall E Anthony B laikie Al ber t . Gregory M J . cLean J oh nston Guy C . L ister

a W lter Br own L eo A . Green Ma rcu s H olme s Jo seph Hinton

H o wa rd Demerchant Frank N . Lunn Ric e Arm our Ralph Ril ey E Fre d . Broa d Alexander B . Grant Herb ert Dro st Gl a zier Demercha nt P erley H . Gre en Claud e M . M cL ean R oy Demerchant Walter Riggs

R oy We sley Rogers Fra nk A . Goodwin

P M cM H ora ce S ayle s S tephen . u llin

Grover Green Herb ert L . Bradley L ucius M cDou g all Archie B . Ors er

a Ja mes Keena n Ashley S . H yden

Al r Fred W . Broa d lo d Peters

Willie C arroll John A . Ors er

Ludlo w Pan gburn Willia m E . Burrell

M ort imer Rob ert s Reuben L . Nevers N Eugene Gue st evill e V. Nevers h Jo seph Kain S er e don J . Cl ark

Page Seventy - Six R O LL HO NO R (C ontinued)

Wa E o a S a lter . Hill H r ce . H ll

m r . o Lee W . Cr andle i e Arthur T Gib s n

a P erley R . Cox Wendell M . Vanw rt L o es Ar t hur Fro st ynus D . J n Tho ma s Nicholso n P er Cy Da nd o A CHAPT ER O F F ACT S AND F IG U R ES

o o of nd has a two o A b k thi s ki fold bj ec t . It purpo rt s to narr ate facts i n as n in a i te re st g m nn er a s p ossibl e a nd to record cer tain d a ta whi ch may b e a l e e to to e the e o e si y r ferr d , refr sh m m ry . In whatever lig ht the public m a now e a o o f ’ y r g rd the ffice the sherin, in ea rlier times it ca rri ed with it n an d s o a dig ity ci l prestige . It is quite surp rising to note how f ew have b een

’ oc a of e o a the cup nts the sh riff s ffic e , p rticul arly when the re wa s s uch a l ong e of the a r ign p rty executi oner .

Fro m the time of the formation of the c ounty to the prese nt the office has ‘ b een fill ed by

J . F . W . Wins low

S a mu el N . Dickins on

F . R . J . Dibbl ee David Irvine

Wil li am D . Ball och

Willia m A . Haywa rd J ohn R Tompkins

Albio n R . Foster

It has b een pointed ou t that civil and cri minal matters (to a cons id erabl e extent) now dealt with by the C ounty C ourt were tried b efor e the Infer i or f C ou rt o C omm on Plea s and G enera l S ession s of the P ea ce, cons isting of

three ma gistra tes , it i s to b e presumed to s o me e xtent, at all events l ea rne d

in the law, even if no t lawy er s . The Clerk of the Pea ce and also Cler k to a the S es s ions w s a so rt of l ega l adv iser to the justice s . F rom the time of the forma tio n of the county the pl ac e of 'Cler k o f the Peace has b een held by

J . M . Robins on

Charl es F . Ketchum

A . K . S med es Wetmo re

A . N . Gard en

Willia m M . C onn ell

Rob e rt L . S imms

In 1 866 the C ounty Courts Act was pa s s ed und er which c ertain b ar ris ter s w ere a pp ointed judges to perform the duties hitherto a ssigned to the Co m m on Pleas . O ne j udge was app ointed for the four counties of Charlotte, Car

a a h y l eton , Victo ri a a nd M ad aw sk , an d t e fi r st a ppo inte e was Jam es G . Ste f hi h ens E squire , who c ontinu ed in o fi ce until s retirem ent in 1 904, w en John

a e a a L . C arleton E squire , was ppointed to fill th v c ncy .

Page Seventy - Eight

WAR DENS O F CAR LET O N CO U NTY (C ontinued )

H arry P . Ca r vell n Wm . N . Raymo d

Charle s E . Galla gher

Ar thur G . Bailey

D . H . La m ont

Fra nk R . S haw

Frank R . S h aw

a - H ow rd D . S teve ns (first s essio n in new cou rt hou se)

H oward D . S tevens

Henry A . Phillips

H enry A . Phillips

E dward C . M organ

E dward C . M o rga n

R: K . Trac ey

R . K . Tracey E W . zra Fle mming

W . Ezra Flemming

E dwin W . Melville

E dwin W . Melvill e

Gl ad stone W . Pe rry

S ECR ETARY- T R EAS U R E R S

Richa rd English

Ch arles H . C onnell

J ames M cLa u chl an

“ Rand olph K J ones

Wend all P . Jone s

J . C . Hart ley

R EG lS T R A R S O F WI LLS AND DEEDS

John Bedell

Au gu stu s Be dell D avid Munro

John S . Leighto n D on ald Munro

y P age Eighty CO U NCI L o r T H E CO U NT Y O F CAR LET O N

— M nt sh Aberde en Arthur cI o , Hugh G . Fle mming — Brighton Henry S mith , Fred Brown — Kent Gl ad s tone W . Pe rry , Louis Boyd

Northampton l eury Phillips , Ar thur Gibs on — E W M a L . o P e el . . elville , Fr nk T mpkins

— K M cD u a Richmo nd F . Dalling , Wilmo t o g ll — S imonds O dbu r S ha w , James Peters — VVakefield H arl ey Hannah , Edwin Lips ett — W o . ee R o M cCain ickl w Hugh F Tw d ie , y — P o W. . o . . a Wilm t F Anders n , H C rvell 1 — Woo o F . o a . a dst ck Byr n Bull , Ch rle s W Cl rk

— a Wm a a T own o f Woo dstock Ja mes W G ll agher , Alex S . Benn , . B lm in I — Town of H artl and Frank Kelly

‘ M AYO RS AND F I R S T CO U NCI L O F T HE T O W N O F WO O DS T O CK

First town el ection held on M ay 12 th , 18 56 .

First meeting of To wn C ouncil M ay 19 th , 1 85 6

Mayo r Lewis P . Fisher

C ouncill ors

No 1— m a M cLe a a W . . n W rd . T B ird , Hugh

a No 2— W a o W. . . W rd . F Dibbl ee , W H mm nd — War d No . 3 John Bradley , Edwar d S mith

To wn Clerk D . L . Dibblee

Town Ma rshall Ch as . H . English

M AYO RS — 18 56 1880 Lewis P . Fisher 1 880 Fre d T . Bridges (died in o ffice ) — 18 80 1884 Ran d olph K Jone s 1 5— 1 88 8 90 He nry A . C onn ell 1 0— 1 89 8 9 1 J . T . A . Dibblee 18 2— 1 W a 9 8 9 3 . T . Drysd le

189 4 U . R . Hans on 18 9 — 1 5 8 96 W. S . S aunders

189 — 8 8 Ha 7 1 9 W. W . y — 18 9 9 1900 J . R . Murphy 1 — 901 1903 W . B . Belyea 1 04 9 J . A . Lindsay

1905 A . E . Jones — 1906 1907 Donald Munro

a 1908 Ge orge E . Balm in — Page Eighty O n e M AYO RS (Continued )

19 09 . o o e o f e N F ster 6Th rne , (di d fic ) 1 — 1 909 9 10 A . E . J ones 1 9 11—19 1 2 T . C . L . Ketchum 19 13— 19 1 4 Wend all P . Jones 19 15—19 1 6 W . S . S utton 1 9 17—19 18 H E Burtt — 1 9 19 19 20 Th om a s N oddin 19 — 2 1 192 2 Edgar W . M air

T OWN CLER KS

D L . . Dibblee

Jas . H . Jacqu es Stephen Appl eby William Skillen

J . N . W . Winslow J ohn M cLau chlan

J . C . H artley

WO O DS TO CK T OWN CO U NCI L 19 2 2

a A h n a H Cl ude M . u g erto , Alfred P ge , A. . L . Bell , Ja mes W . G alla gher,

Fred 0 . Creighton , W . J ack Dibblee w To n M anager (S ystem ad op ted 19 19 ) R . F . Arm stro ng — Town M arshall Owen Kelly

The s eal of the To wn of Wood sto ck repres ents a wood sma n cutting d own “ a N B o pin e tree, surrounded by the word s , T own of Wood stock , . . , inc r po r ated 1856 .

HART LAND T OWN CO U NCI L (19 2 2 ) — Mayor Frank R . Kelly C o uncillors

Ward No. 1 . R . B . Hagerm an , W . B . Nixon M e d Wa rd No . 2 . H . H . H atfield , G . M . cL o H o N w . Wa rd o . 3 . C R D e itt , R Nix n — Town Cl erk A . E . Plummer

2 2 CAR LET O N CO U NT Y AG RI CU LT URAL S O CI ET Y NO . 41, 19

— P H on . Presid ent Thos . W . C a ldwell , M . . — Presid ent Col . F . H . J . Dibbl ee — a W a H a . Vice Pr es idents H arr ison W . Rogers , Charl es H . Gr y , illi m y , W

G . Kea rney . — S ecretary - sT r easu r er John S Leighton M EM B ERS O F T HE LEG IS LAT IVE AS S EM B LY (S i nce 18 37 )

1 a B 83 7 Jeremi h M . Connell , ar tho C . Beard sl ey 1 842 Charles Perley , Jeremiah M . C onnell 1 4 8 7 James Tibbitts , Charles Connell

18 50 Cha rles C onnell , H orac e H . Bea rd sl ey

185 1 Richa rd Engli sh (in pl ace of Charl es C onnell appointed to legisla ~ tive c ouncil ) 1 853 Ch arles Connell , (in room of H . H . B eardsley di ed ) 1 E 8 54 Charle s C onnell , Richard nglish

1857 Charle s C onnell , Charles - Perley

1863 William Linds ay , David Munro

186 5 Willia m Lindsay , Charles C onnell

a 1866 Willi m Lind s ay , Charl es C onnell

a 186 8 Willi m Linds ay , James R . Har tl ey

1870 Willia m Linds ay , George W. White

1874 J ohn S Leighton , Ran d olph K . Jones

1878 John S . Leighton , G eorge W . White

1882 (June 15 ) J . S . Le ighton , G . W . White

18 86 (April 2 6 ) Ra ndolph Ketchum , M arcus C . Atk ins on

1890 (Jan . 2 1 ) Ra nd olph Ketchum , M a rcus C . Atkins on

189 2 (Oct . 2 2 ) H . A . C onnell , J T . A. Dibblee

a 189 5 (Jan . 17 ) Marcu s C . Atkins on , (in pl c e of C onnell r esign ed )

1 . a 189 5 (O ct 6 ) J . T . A . Dibblee , H H . Mcc in , Chas . L . S mith L a 189 9 (F eb . 18 ) Chas . . S mith , H . H . Mcca in , Fr nk B . C arvell

f L a 1900 J . K . Flemming (in place o C . . S mith , app ointed p ostmaster t Wood stock)

S tephen B . Appl eby (in place of Car vell , resigned)

1903 (M arch 2 8 ) J . K . Flemming , Fr ank Smith , Wend all P . Jones 1 905 Wendall P Jones (app ointed solicitor gen eral )

o 1908 (March 3 ) J K Fl emming, B Frank S mith , Donald Munr D c 1 U a in a of m e n ed 19 08 ( e . ) George W . ph m ( pl c e S ith r sig )

na o L . 19 12 (Jun e 2 0) J . K . Flemming , Do ld Munr , G . White a of e e e 19 15 (Jan . 7 ) B . Fr an k S mith , (in pl c e J . K . Fl mming r sign d ) e of o 19 16 (S ept . 2 1) B . Fra nk S mith (app oint d minister public w rks ) f a o e e a of e W . S . S utton in place o D . Munro, pp int d r gistr r d e ds

r a S . on . . 1 917 (F eb . B . F nk Smith , W . Sutt , G L White

a e . S i a e . o 1 920 (Oct . 9 ) R . K . Tr c y , Fred W m th , S mu l J Burl ck M EM B ERS O F T HE HO U S E O F CO M M O NS S I NCE CO NF EDERATIIO N

w o 1867 (This election was not held on one day as no , but through ut

the D ominion extend ed from Aug 7th to S ept . 20th . Charles C onnell 2 Ao 1 872 Cha rl es C onn ell (elections held from July 20th to O ct . 1 th ) clamation in both cases

Page Eighty - Three 1 8 74 12 (Oct . ) S tephen B . Appleby (in pl ac e of Char les Conn ell who d i ed in June 18 73 ) Accl amation 18 1 7 8 (S ept . 7 ) Geo rge H . C onnell

18 8 1 . 16 a e ac of (Feb ) D vid Irvin (in pl e George H . Connell (died) 18 82 (June 2 0) David Irvine 1 887 (Feb 22 ) Fred H ale 1 89 1 (March 5 ) N . R . C olter

18 9 2 i 6 - (Apr l ) N . R . C olter (bye el ec tion a ft er pro test)

189 6 (June 2 3 ) Fred Hal e v 19 00 (No . 7 ) Fre d H al e

19 04 (Nov . 3 ) Frank B . C arvell

19 08 (O ct . 2 6 ) Frank B . C a rv ell

19 11 (S ept . 2 1) Frank B Carv ell

19 17 (Dec . 17 ) Frank B . C arvell (accl ama ti on on a cc epting offi c e a s Minister of Public Works in U nion Government)

a 19 19 (O ct . 2 7 ) Tho m s W . C aldwell (on re sign atio n of Frank B . Car vell u p on a pp ointment as Chairma n of Ra ilway C ommis si on )

19 2 1 (Dec . Thoma s . W . C aldwell C arl eton and Victoria counties uni t ed for fed eral el ection purpo ses after

c en su s of 19 11 .

An old j ourn al ist would b e remis s in his duty if no record were ma de

h a i of the newsp a per history of t e c ounty . The Woo dstock Tim es , s w ll be h m note d wa s published b efore 1840, and wa s t e i media te pred ec ess or of the

Woo e a e a M cLa u chlan and in d stock Tel gr ph , publish d by J me s , which its 1 0 turn gave way to the C arleto n S entinel , edited in 8 5 by Jam es S . Segee , f M cLa hl n n p as sing l ater into the hand s o Jam es u c a , a d in time b ec oming a an w the property of the two Watts brothers , S mu el d James , ho contr oll ed

and edited it for many years . Files of th e S entinel a s far back as 1850 ar e

r a The S e ne now o a to b e found in the Fisher public lib ry . { nti l is wned by

company and is ed ited by S . L . Lyn ott . In s earching for information for this

es of th n ne e o a a e . u r the brochure , the early fil e Se ti l w re f und v lu bl D ing e arly sixties a p aper known a s the Wood sto ck Journal was published and cd of i ha n ited by James Edga r . A volume th s paper s b ee pres er ved and is in

wa e e e was e i e a o al or a and the library . It s clev rly dit d , but v d ntly p litic g n

a 80 o h did not have a v ery l ong life . Around bout 18 J hn Fletcher st ar ted t e

' Page Eighfty - I ou r Woo o P was a e a a e L o an d st ck ress , which ft rw rds cquired by G orge . H lyoke d for many ye ars edite d and mana ged by him . It too , has pas sed into the po ssession of a co mp any and is now ma naged by Geo rge Mitchell and John

4 was n P . M al aney . In 189 , the Dispatch fou d ed by Charle s Appleby and the

of a h w h writer of this bo ok . At the time his d e t Mr Appl eby as t e sole

w f r A owner . It as then conducted o s o me time by his sisters , the Misses p “ wh ar on a ob u r a of pleby , o still c ry j printing busin ess nd e the n me The

Dispa tch .

- r h n Fred H . S t evens founded in Hartland , first , the Advertise , which e co

a and a a o ducted for so me ye rs , t a l ater stage the C rlet n Observer , which he

” n ow publishes .

Pose Eit ht iVe IN CO NCLUS IO N

In b r inging to a close thi s somewha t impe rfe ct st ory o f the county the

e fu a a e of an i s writ r is lly w r m y d efi c encie s and omission . T o have m ad e the

book more compreh en sive m eant the publication of a volume of such dimen

s on s s o a o a i a w uld be li bl e t involv e a fin ncial l os s . Ev en in its m od est o m e is a f r , th re quite ventu r e involved and it is imp ossible that the pecu n fa n th ry retur to e autho r , will b e at all ad equ ate to the time and lab o r sp ent on r h h w its p oduction . W en t e work a s b egun , it was hop ed tha t a few

e s o e e o e o h ha w ek w uld nsur its c mpl ti n , but t e time s extend ed into m onths ,

involving the b etter part of a yea r . T o clo th e dry facts in s o me b ec oming h dres s that wil l a ttra ct t e read er i s not ea sy , and to compre s s into a page

or two , incid ents , which might ordinarily well occupy a chapt er is a ta sk a n th t ca only be appreci ated by thos e who have attempted it . h Writers , to whom t e auth or is ind ebted , hav e b een mentioned . The

’ f r works of o thers which hav e b een o as sista nc e to him , a e B u r rage s North

’ ’ easter n B ounda ry of M aine , B ail ey s St . J ohn River , Alb ert s Histoire du

Madawa ska . He d esires to thank m any of the old er re sid ents o f the coun

ty who have given him the b enefit of their r ecollection ' of pl a ces and inci

r f t om wh d ents , as w ell as y ounger membe s o he c munity o have aid ed him

ea b e o a i o . o a a o ar a e gr tly , y nc ur g ng w rd s It is nly f ir th t he sh uld p ticul riz a a f a in the ca s e of M arvin L . H ayw rd , b rrister , o H rtl and , wh o s e a ssistance

he has foun d most valu able . H e would venture to suggest , that in each dis

ch o ncou r a e ho a to o e e i triet , the s chool tea er e g s c l rs c lle c t int r st ng incidents and e on e o e o f early d ays , an d that tru stees , oth rs c c rned , ffer induc em nts to pupil s to write p ape rs and ess ay s d eal ing with the early history of the 10 wh e u calities in which th ey re sid e . It is du e t o the pion eers , o , in th ir e th durance of m an y ha rdships and lab ori ou s d ays , unmixed with e swe etne ss

- o w o e ea e a o and ea s e of mo d ern day life , ch pped do n the f r s ts , cl r d the f ll w a and cultivated the l an d so th at it b rings forth plentifully , th t th eir name s f ac a and work should b e p er p etu ated , for , in spite o c old winters , b kw rd

h t ou r lot o f o t has ee a springs and, even o summers , , thr ugh their e f r s , b n c st an n o f o and the ea in pl easa nt place s . In the fer tility d fe cu dity its s il in b u

s of ne a o o a ee e ty and pictures qu enes its sce ry , C rlet n c unty st nd s pr min ntly wh a e h o to er e in the fore gr ound . An d th ey , o have t k n t e tr uble p us the

a o o the o of the a o pa ge s of thi s work , will c onclud e th t thr ugh ut st ry l b rs a e and hard ship s that the va s t cultivated fi eld s an d me d ows represent, th re a h run s a gold en thread of history and rom nce , robbing it of t e comm on e d pl c and m aking the time spent , well w orth whil e , in bringing the d e s a e ,

of th e pas t to the att ention of the present a nd of the generations y et to c ome .