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B E N P G R IF F IT H an o l E U T . , fficer r ’ iA D L n s cor s s aid to a in e a c ey p , h ve been the first per m an ent settler in the town — o r pa r is h of Wo o dstock From a n oil p a inting . C H A P T E R I . aking t o pla ce before the pu blic s ome impress i ons and facts of d nd a a a a a c ounty an , incidentally , o f Victor ia a M d w sk , my ide is o m a al to establish a guide post here and there , which , with the c pious tter n n o a re ady published , m ay a id s ome one in the future , with a incli ation to l c l o a f o o f A hist ry in the l arger t sk o editing a c omplete hist ry the c ounty . good d eal of l o cal tra dition ab out the upper S t . J ohn Valley c ountry i s worthy o f more permanent rec ord . l ve h ave le a rned th a t hi st ory t o b e ih r s in f n d an te e t g , consis ts not o nly of the d oings o kings a c ourtiers d s oldiers an d th e d escripti on of b attles , in m any c a ses , m ore bl oody th an gl o ri ous . h f Indeed , milita rism , as a sp ort an d p a stime , as , we trust , re a ched the end o n n . n n its long a d cruel d ays , a d a king or other grea t m a is o l onger obliged a t o have his picture t ken in a gaudy uniform , dec orated in m any insta nces , r l with unea ned med als or other par a phan a ia , to attra ct a ttenti on . h an d The struggles of t e pe ople f or existence an d a dvancement , in a new r r unsettled country , a e ma de up of the h ard est kind of b attles , f o , while a n ture in the l ong run , gives its rewards , it gi ve s them only to the m o st a an d wh c our ge ous d the mo st persistent . The men a n w omen o undertook , a t h first , the he avy ta sk of t e making of N ew Brunswick ne eded st out r y hearts an d str ong a ms . They have l ong since p a s sed , let us c onfidentl a n d d h ope , to a sphere le ss ex cting th an they experienced here , a their es c endants have no rea s on t o l ook ba ck up on their c areers with anything but n pa rd o able pride . h w Every student knows th at , in the d ays of t e French regime , Ne Brun w s a b swick formed a p art o f Aca dia or Aca die . There a c ontinu l strife e a o a a tween French and English , a nd while tre tie s were c nst ntly being m de a a s between the two p owers , they were , quite a s c onstantly , b eing vi ol ted , a a territor y wa s switch ed fro m on e side t o the other , limited only by c p city t a and o gra sp and to h old . The period was on e of p olite langu ge cunning dipl oma cy . M o st Christian kings and S acre d maj estie s d id things through a w s a themselves an d their a gents , th at had little , if anything th t a Christi n hilos o or s acred about them . It is a peri o d up on which the hist orian , the p n n d pher and the n ovelist , l oved to dwell a d ruminate , a to the interested Page Five reader their lies a well o f kn owled ge on the subj ect in the fa scinating writ of a P a n ings Fr ncis rkman . In thi s brief a d r u nning sketch , one can only p aus e t o remark th at the impr ess of French civil iza ti on ha s been left on the ca o of f physi l utline the c ountry , n ot al on e , in th e na me o the g rea t riv er o o a a which fl ws thr ugh its mids t , o riginally Riviere S . Je n , but l s o in the ’ small er stre ams which still c arry th e n a mes of Presqu ile a n d (ri vi ere ) o r River de s Chutes . It is t o b e h oped th a t these design ati ons will b e allowed to a a n d a n o rem in th t , in a i c on ocl a stic a g e , they will not b e o blitera ted t a f r h m ke roo m o mem orial s t o plutocratic m agna tes , w o w ould otherwis e oo o T s n be f rgotten . wo n ames , indeed , there a r e that might well be a p to r plied future s ettl ements o l ocati ons , suggested by mention of Archd ea con 0 . a o a n d . W a o e a an d W . R ym nd Dr . F G n ng , sinc by their rese rch writings they h ave contributed invalu abl e ma terial de aling with the history of this a p rt of the province . A de al of interesting inform ation is to b e d erived from a study of m aps of a i r the variou s perio ds , ccessible in the or g nal o in tru e c opie s . One ma de by Cha mpl ain n ea rly four hundred ye ars ag o gives an extraordinari ly cor rect outline of th e country as we kn ow it today , c onsidering th e nec es s arily “ f a l imited means o inform ation of the intrepid expl orer . Neuville Fr nce , printed in large letters covers the p art of the c ontinent n ow embr aced in C anada , fro m s ea to s ea , whil e a sm aller repro ducti on of the s a me n a me is o h a f printed ver t e p rticul a r p ort i on , embra ced in the e astern p art o M a ine and the province of New Brunswick . When James the first , th a t m o st dre ad s overeign , who , it would se em , had o t o a a o a a a of e o n thing dre d b ut him but his dre dful v ni ty , in fit gen r sity h inen o f on r a a t gave the co t t North America t o e , S i Willi m Alex nder , sh or ly m a a fter the year 16 00, h e c alled it N ova Sc otia . At the s ame time , it y be a remarked , incidentally , ca me int o b eing the b aronets of N ova S c oti , b ear ers of title s openly bestowed in return for pecuni ary contributi ons , f or King a ll a of J mes , like a good S c otchmen , was n ot with out a proper ppreciati on a the v lue of ca sh in ha nd . W a n d an o a o ith the French king d istributing Aca die y territ ry th t c uld , a s and c onceivably , b e embr ac ed there in , to his liege and l oy l subj ec t , the - English king awarding N ova S c o ti a to his e qu ally lieg e a n d l oya l subj ects , it is n o a ot surprising that ma tters b ec ame s omewhat c onfused . The po r Indi ns must n of c a a nd h ave had a de spera tely h ard time of it, keeping r u the h nges , on e almos t forgive s th em f or the s tern me a sures they t ook with an occ a s ’ a a e ion al white m an , who intrud ed too c a rele ssly into their enj oy ble p stim wa s of torturing , s calping an d bu rning . What int erferenc e there with the f a e a a n d reign o the r ed m an a l ong the middle S t .

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