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Saturs/Contents XXVIIIXXII 201720202016 RFR-XXIIRFR 28.indd jauns 1 M.indd 1 13.10.201707/12/20 20:58:36 15:06 UDK 2+17 (066) (08) Re 515 Izdevums ir sagatavots Latvijas Universitātes Akadēmiskās attīstības projektā. Izdevums rekomendēts publicēšanai ar LU Filozofijas un socioloģijas institūta Zinātniskās padomes 2020. gada 16. novembra sēdes lēmumu. Galvenā redaktore: Solveiga Krūmiņa-Koņkova Redaktore: Laine Kristberga Literārā redaktore: Arta Jāne Maketētāja: Margarita Stoka Vāka dizaina autori: Kārlis Koņkovs, Matīss Kūlis Izdevumā izmantoti fotoattēli no Svetlanas Rižakovas, Ivana Petrova un Toma Stepiņa personiskajiem arhīviem. Vākam izmantots Pexels.com autora cottonbro fotoattēls. Zinātniskās redakcijas kolēģija Latvijas Universitāte: Dr. phil. Ella Buceniece; Dr. phil. LZA korespondētājlocekle Solveiga Krūmiņa-Koņkova; Dr. habil. phil. akadēmiķe, profesore Maija Kūle; Dr. hist. eccl. docents Andris Priede; Dr. habil. phil. Māra Rubene; Dr. hist. Inese Runce; Dr. phil. akadēmiķis, profesors Igors Šuvajevs Ārzemju locekļi: Ekaterina Anastasova, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with the Ethnographic Museum at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria; Eileen Barker, Ph. D., OBE, FBA, Professor of Sociology with Special Reference to Study of Religion, The London School of Economics and Political Science, U.K.; Gloria Durka, Ph.D., Professor, Director, PhD. Program in Religious Education, Graduate School of Religion and Religious Education, Fordham University, U.S.A; Massimo Introvigne, Ph. D., Director of The Center for Studies on New Religions (CESNUR), Torino, Italia; Tõnu Lehtsaar, Ph.D., Professor of Psychology of Religion, Faculty of Theology, University of Tartu, Estonia; Massimo Leone, Ph.D., Dr. hist. art, Research Professor of Semiotics and Cultural Semiotics at the Department of Philosophy, University of Torino, Italy; Sebastian Rimestad, Ph.D., University of Erfurt, Germany; Dalia Maria Stančienė, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Philosophy and Culture Studies, Klaipeda University, Lithuania Reliģiski-filozofiski raksti ir anonīmi recenzēts periodisks izdevums ar starptautisku zinātniskās redakcijas kolēģiju. Tā mērķis ir padziļināt lasītāju zināšanas par reliģiski filozofisko ideju vēsturi, attīstību mūsdienās un to vietu Latvijas un Eiropas kultūrā. Iznāk vismaz vienu reizi gadā latviešu un angļu valodā. Reliģiski-filozofiski raksti pieejami arī Centrālās un Austrumeiropas Interneta bibliotēkā (Central and Eastern European Online Library, CEEOL), EBSCO un SCOPUS datubāzē. Religious-Philosophical Articles is a double-blind peer-reviewed periodical with the international editorial board. It publishes articles aimed at deepening readers’ knowledge and understanding on the history of religious-philosophical ideas, their development in nowadays and their place in the Latvian and European culture. It is published at least once a year in Latvian and English. Editions of Religious-Philosophical Articles are available in Central and Eastern European Online Library, CEEOL, as well as in EBSCO and SCOPUS databases. © Latvijas Universitātes Filozofijas un socioloģijas institūts, 2020 ISSN 1407-1908 RFR 28.indd 2 07/12/20 15:06 SATURS/CONTENTS Solveiga Krūmiņa-Koņkova Pandēmiju mācības ..........................................5 Teachings of Pandemics ........................................9 Māra Rubene Bābeles laiki: reliģiskā valoda un arhitektūras fenomenoloģija.........13 Summary. The Times of Babel: The Religious Language and Phenomenology of Architecture ..................................33 Rūta Marija Vabalaitė Faith and Reason in the Theories of Open and Closed Society ............34 Kopsavilkums. Ticība un prāts teorijās par atvērtu un slēgtu sabiedrību.................................................53 Arnis Mazlovskis Evolucionārais, pārlaicīgais un aktuālais ētoss .....................55 Summary. The Evolutionary, Timeless and Current Ethos ..............71 Jānis Meļņikovs Džons Milbanks: Radikālās ortodoksijas perspektīva ...............74 Summary. John Milbank: The Perspective of Radical Orthodoxy ..........93 Raivis Bičevskis Modernitāte, postekoloģija, biokapitālisms, nākamais cilvēks, vēstures gals ...............................................96 Summary. Modernity, Postecology, Biocapitalism, the Next Human, and the End of History.......................................116 Krišjānis Lācis The Concept of Life in Contemporary Christian Biophilosophy . 118 Kopsavilkums. Dzīvības jēdziens jaunākajā kristīgajā biofilozofijā ..............................................151 Anne Sauka Life in Process: The Lived-Body Ethics for Future ...................154 Kopsavilkums. Dzīvība procesā: miesiskās patības ētika nākotnei .....181 RFR 28.indd 3 07/12/20 15:06 Toms Stepiņš Biosemiotiska informācija: Jākobs fon Ikskils un Gregorijs Beitsons .........................................184 Summary. Biosemiotic information: Jakob von Uexküll and Gregory Bateson ...........................................207 Svetlana Ryzhakova The Concept of Animism and the Practice of Spirit-Possession: Reflections Based on the Ethnographic Study of lai-haraoba (in Manipur) and daiva-aradhane (in Tulunadu), India .............209 Kopsavilkums. Animisma ideja un pārņemtības ar gariem prakse. Pārdomas pēc etnogrāfiskajiem pētījumiem Indijā: lai-haraoba Manipurā un daiva-aradhane Tulu Nadū........................232 Roberts Spirģis Indriķa hronika par latīņu un bizantiešu rita baznīcu līdzāspastāvēšanu Austrumlatvijā 13. gadsimta sākumā: historiogrāfija un turpmākās izpētes perspektīvas . .234 Summary. The Livonian Chronicle of Henry about the coexistence of Latin and Byzantine rite churches in Eastern Latvia at the beginning of the 13th century: historiography and future research perspectives........273 Nikolay Bogomazov, Ivan Petrov Vladimir Lvov: Former Chief Procurator of the Most Holy Synod Turning to the Soviets .......................................275 Kopsavilkums. Bijušais Svētās Sinodes virsprokurors pievienojas padomju varai.............................................289 Henrihs Soms Daugavpils Vissvētākās Jaunavas Marijas bezvainīgās ieņemšanas draudze un tās priesteri Antonijs Urbšs, Konstantīns Kangars, Izidors Livčāns Daugavpils vēstures kontekstā (1915–1920) .........290 Summary. The Congregation of Daugavpils Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary Roman Catholic Church and Its Priests in Sociopolitical Changes (1915-1920): Antonijs Urbšs, Konstantins Kangars, Izidors Livčāns ...........................310 Personu rādītājs/Index of Persons ...........................315 RFR 28.indd 4 07/12/20 15:06 Solveiga Krūmiņa-Koņkova PANDĒMIJU MĀCĪBAS 2019. gadā iznākušajā grāmatā “Vīrusu modernisms” (Viral Moder- nism) Ričmondas Universitātes profesore Elizabete Outka meklē atbildi uz jautājumu, kāpēc spāņu gripas pandēmija, kura 1918.–1919. gadā aiz- nesa sev līdzi desmitiem miljonu dzīvību, gandrīz nemaz nav atspoguļota 20. gadsimta literatūrā. Mēģinot izprast šī noklusējuma iemeslus, Outka atbildi rod Pirmā pasaules kara tēmas dominēšanā 20. gadsimta sākuma sociālajā, kultūras un arī ikdienas diskursā. Viņasprāt, karš tika uzskatīts par vīrišķīgu un jēgpilnu, jo jaunu vīriešu nāve kaujas laukā bija upuris, kas atbrīvoja pasauli no ļaunuma. Turpretī mirstība no gripas bija “mazāk drosmīga, sievišķīgāka nāves forma”.1 Karavīram nāve no šķietami vien- kāršas un salīdzinoši viegli pārslimojamas kaites laupīja viņa “likumīgo iespēju nomirt kaujā”.2 Ja nāve karā bija varonīga, tad nāve no gripas bija neveiksme. Vēl vairāk, svinot nežēlīgā kara beigas, šāda nāve, jādomā, tika uzskatīta par absolūti bezjēdzīgu un pēc iespējas ātrāk aizmirstamu. Nāve, kuras iemesls bija nevis ienaidnieka lode vai durklis, bet gan nejauša tikšanās ar slimu cilvēku, bieži draugu vai ģimenes lokā, ne tikai paspilgtināja spāņu gripas pandēmijas jau tā absurdo uzvaras gājienu, bet 1 Šeit un turpmāk izmantoti secinājumi no darba: Yingying Tang. Review of Outka, Elizabeth, Viral Modernism. The Influenza Pandemic and Interwar Literature. H- Diplo, H-Net Reviews, November 2020. Pieejams tiešsaistē: https://www.h-net.org/reviews/ showrev.php?id=55267. Skatīts 17.11.2020. 2 Elizabeth Outka. Viral Modernism: The Influenza Pandemic and Interwar Literature (Modernista Latitudes). Columbia University Press, 2019, p. 45. RFR 28.indd 5 07/12/20 15:06 Reliģiski-filozofiski raksti XXVIII 6 arī radīja izdzīvojušajos “neizdzēšamas vainas sajūtu”, no kuras atbrīvoties varēja, vienīgi to aizmirstot. Atšķirībā no kaujas karalaukā, kaujā ar spāņu gripu uzvarētāju nebija. Bija tikai zaudētāji: tie, kuri bija apglabājuši savus radiniekus un draugus; tie, kuri jutās vainīgi, ka izdzīvojuši vai ka bijuši līdzvainīgi citu nāvēs; tie, kuri nespēja palīdzēt šiem pandēmijas upuriem. Tomēr izrādījās, ka spāņu gripas pandēmijas izraisīto masu nāvi un ar to saistīto bezjēdzīgumu un vainas sajūtu nav tik viegli izdzēst nedz no cilvēku, nedz kultūras atmiņas. Analizējot 20. gadsimta starpkaru laika literatūru, Outka pārliecinoši rāda, ka šie mēģinājumi aizmirst pārtapa tikpat izmisīgos mēģinājumos sadzīvot ar šīm halucinogēnajām nāves klāt- būtnes sajūtām un veicināja spiritisma un zombiju kultūras uzplaukumu, “piedāvājot modernajam laikmetam kvazi-sekulārus un pseidozinātniskus augšāmcelšanās modeļus”.3 Līdz ar šiem modeļiem Rietumu kultūra svi- nēja arī nāves atgriešanos, ļaujot tai kļūt par ikdienišķu parādību cilvēka dzīvē: ar to nu varēja viegli sadzīvot, jo, saprotot, ka “mēs visi taču tāpat reiz mirsim”, un vairs neticot Dieva, kurš pieļāvis
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