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Latvia 1988-2015: a Triumph of the Radical Nationalists» Is Dedicated to Latvia’S Most Recent History

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Latvia 1988-2015: a Triumph of the Radical Nationalists» Is Dedicated to Latvia’S Most Recent History Book 3. Formation of a new historical memory, or the Whitewashing of Nazism in Latvia The Baltic Centre of Historical and Socially Political Studies Victor Gushchin Latvia 1988 - 2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists The victory of the Western countries in the “Cold War” with the Soviet Union, formation of a unipolar world led by the US and revision of arrangements of the USSR, the USA and Great Britain in Yalta and Potsdam in1945 and the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki Declaration) of 1975 – as the main reason of the Evolution of the Republic of Latvia of the 4th May1990 starting from cancellation of the universal suffrage to the relapse of totalitarianism: the construction of the so-called “Latvian Latvia”, Russophobia, suppression of the rights of ethnic minorities, restrictions on the freedom of speech and freedom of assembly, revision of the results of the World War II and the Neo- Nazi propaganda. Book 3. Formation of a new historical memory, or the Whitewashing of Nazism in Latvia Riga 2017 UDK 94(474.3) “19/20” Gu 885 The book Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists» is dedicated to Latvia’s most recent history. On May 4, 1990, the Supreme Soviet (Supreme Council) of the Latvian SSR adopted the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Latvian Republic without holding a national referendum, thus violating the acting Constitution. Following this up on October 15, 1991, the Supreme Soviet deprived more than a third of its own electorate of the right to automatic citizenship. As a result, one of the most fundamental principles of Latvia 1988 - 2015: democracy, universal suffrage, was eliminated. a triumph of the radical nationalists Thereafter, the Latvian parliament, periodically re-elected in conditions where a signif- icant part of country’s inhabitants lack the right to participate in elections, has been adopting Book 1. laws on citizenship, language and education that discriminate against the national minorities Radical nationalism awakens, and lay the foundation for the construction of a so-called «Latvian Latvia», or Latvia for Lat- vians». Simultaneously, there is an active campaign for establishing a new historical memory, or Citizenship issue from 1988 till the Supreme Council the main aim of which is rehabilitation of Karlis Ulmanis’ ethnocratic regime (1934-1940), resolution “On the restoration of the rights of citizens” rehabilitation of Nazism and denigration of Latvia’s history as part of the USSR (1940-1941, of 1991 1944-1945-1990). On November 8, 2002, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Eu- rope assessed the political development of the Latvian Republic and concluded that the coun- Book 2. try is prone to a «long-term democratic deficit». From the “long-term democratic deficit” to the restoration of ethnocracy Book 3. Formation of a new historical memory, or the Whitewashing of Nazism in Latvia The translation and publication of the book have been paid by a grant from the Fund to Support and Protect the Rights of Compatriots Living Abroad. Contract No. 50/D-2013 of 28 June, 2013. The term of execution of the contract: 28 June, 2013 - 1 October, 2017. Photo on cover: March 16, 2012. Latvia, Riga. Photo by Victor Gushchin. Logo of a far-right political party - National Alliance «All for Latvia!» – «For Fatherland and Freedom/Latvian National Independence Movement». ISBN 978-9934-8540-2-6 © Text – Victor Gushchin © Translation – Renāte Kazaka (Chapters 1-9), Goodwield LTD, United Kingdom (Chapters 10-13), Alexander Kuzmin (In Place of a Conclusion, photo captions and certain documents) © Photo - V. Gushchin, Latvian State Archive of Audiovisual Documents, Bundesarchiv. © Layout – Vlad Bogov 2 Book 3 The Guardian: “Where Nazis are heroes” Formation of a new historical memory, 13 March 2000 or the Whitewashing of Nazism in Latvia Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists Book 3. Formation of a new historical memory, or the Whitewashing of Nazism in Latvia March 16. A path of glory for the former soldiers of the Waffen SS Latvian Volunteers Legion. Photo by Victor Gushchin Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists Book 3. Formation of a new historical memory, or the Whitewashing of Nazism in Latvia Campaign of Cukurs “Cukuriade” ................................................................95 “Latvia stands out for its complete indifference towards the search of war criminals” .......................................................................100 The Mayor of Riga A.Aksenoks: “Processions of legionnaires cannot be prohibited!” .................................................................................101 “Hitler did a bad job ...” ..............................................................................104 CONTENTS The Vice-Speaker of the Saeima Janis Straume: “On the state level we have to support the legionnaires in all possible ways ...” ......................105 Chapter 1. Karlis Ulmanis is not dead yet… ............................................13 “Baltic Nazism” ..........................................................................................106 Ideology of Western Latvian emigration – the state ideology ......................14 “Legionnaires are the conscience of the nation!” .......................................111 Ideology requires heroes ...............................................................................19 16 March 2006 ............................................................................................111 “Today all true Latvian patriots are celebrating the Legionnaire’s Day” ...118 Chapter 2. Dictatorship of K.Ulmanis was “gentle” and “humane”... ..22 The course remains unchanged ...................................................................119 Sample of Russophobia .................................................................................22 Creating the right-wing National Association .............................................128 Reticence as the basis of tendentiousness .....................................................23 Manifestations of neo-Nazism in 2012-2014 ..............................................133 18 November 1918 ........................................................................................23 16 March 2014 ............................................................................................142 National policy ..............................................................................................28 The state puts pressure on human rights defenders ....................................146 “Opening” .....................................................................................................28 Neo-Nazi threat in Latvia is equal to the neo-Nazi threat in Ukraine ........148 The dictatorship of Karlis Ulmanis ...............................................................34 Statement of the Council of non-governmental organizations of Latvia ....150 Non-aggression pact between Germany and the USSR from 23 August 1939 ....................................................................................34 Chapter 4. “Alyosha, when do you think Riga would follow Non-aggression pact between Latvia and Germany from 7 June 1939 ........40 the footsteps of Tallinn?” ..........................................................................153 1940: “the death of the state” or the birth of a new type of the state? ..........43 The war with the memory of war ................................................................154 Analysis of the deportation of 14-15 June 1941 ...........................................45 “We need to pull down the monument to the Liberators of Riga Latvia during the war ....................................................................................45 and Latvia from Nazi invaders!” .................................................................159 Chapter 3. Course for political rehabilitation of Nazism ........................71 Chapter 5. Latvia tripped over its own story... .......................................166 Course – to review the results of the Second World War ..............................72 Displaying Russia and the Russians in Latvian school textbooks Nuremberg verdict .........................................................................................73 of history and literature ...............................................................................167 Official position of Latvia .............................................................................73 Declaration of the Saeima of the Republic of Latvia Chapter 6. Russian-Latvian commission of historians: “On Latvian legionnaires during the Second World War” .............................76 what is on the agenda? ..............................................................................178 Processions of former SS-men and position of the West ..............................77 The dialog between the Institute of the World History Who is to blame? ..........................................................................................78 of the Russian Academy of Science and the Commission Executioners ..................................................................................................80 of Historians during the leadership of the President The story of Lieutenant V.Baltinsh ...............................................................84 of the Republic of Latvia in 2000-2010 ......................................................180 Trial of
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