Latvijas Ārlietu Simtgade
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
EU Enlargement and Latvian Citizenship Policy
EU Enlargement and Latvian Citizenship Policy HELEN M. MORRIS Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels, Belgium Issue 1/2003 EUROPEAN CENTRE FOR MINORITY ISSUES (ECMI) Schiffbrücke 12 (Kompagnietor Building) D-24939 Flensburg Germany ( +49-(0)461-14 14 9-0 fax +49-(0)461-14 14 9-19 e-mail: [email protected] internet: http://www.ecmi.de EU Enlargement and Latvian Citizenship Policy HELEN M. MORRIS Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels, Belgium This article examines whether its the desire to join the European Union exerted any influence upon Latvian nationality policy. The author concludes that external pressure upon Latvian policymakers during the accession process led to a significantly more liberal and inclusive citizenship law than might have otherwise been adopted. The analysis includes an assessment of current concerns in nationality and minority policy in Latvia including the large number and status of non-citizens, the application of language legislation, and the reform of the education system. EU membership is expected to make Latvian citizenship more attractive for non-citizens and the country will continue to be required to meet its international obligations regarding treatment of the non-citizen population and minorities. However, there is a risk that the completion of accession negotiations and accompanying reduction in European Commission influence coupled with intense pressure on limited economic and administrative resources in the new member states will sideline respect for and protection of minority rights. I. Introduction Since regaining independence in 1991, Latvian nationality policy has developed from an exclusive, almost restitutionist, policy seeking to identify the Latvian state with the Latvian nation into a more inclusive civic definition of Latvian citizenship. -
Karlis Ulmanis: from University of Nebraska Graduate to President of Latvia
Nebraska History posts materials online for your personal use. Please remember that the contents of Nebraska History are copyrighted by the Nebraska State Historical Society (except for materials credited to other institutions). The NSHS retains its copyrights even to materials it posts on the web. For permission to re-use materials or for photo ordering information, please see: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/magazine/permission.htm Nebraska State Historical Society members receive four issues of Nebraska History and four issues of Nebraska History News annually. For membership information, see: http://nebraskahistory.org/admin/members/index.htm Article Title: Karlis Ulmanis: From University of Nebraska Graduate to President of Latvia Full Citation: Lawrence E Murphy, Aivars G Ronis, and Arijs R Liepins, “Karlis Ulmanis: From University of Nebraska Graduate to President of Latvia,” Nebraska History 80 (1999): 46-54 URL of article: http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/publicat/history/full-text/NH1999Ulmanis.pdf Date: 11/30/2012 Article Summary: Karlis Ulmanis studied and then taught briefly at the University of Nebraska as a Latvian refugee. As president of Latvia years later, he shared his enthusiasm for Nebraska traditions with citizens of his country. Cataloging Information: Names: Karlis Augusts Ulmanis, Howard R Smith, Jerome Warner, Charles J Warner, Karl Kleege (orininally Kliegis), Theodore Kleege, Herman Kleege, Val Kuska, Howard J Gramlich, Vere Culver, Harry B Coffee, J Gordon Roberts, A L Haecker, Hermanis Endzelins, Guntis -
Augusta Hronika Latvijas Republikas Neatkarības Atjaunošana De Facto
Augusta hronika Latvijas Republikas neatkarības atjaunošana de facto August Chronicles The de facto restoration of the independence of the Republic of Latvia Rīga 2016 Atzīmējot 1991. gada 21. augusta konstitucionālā likuma “Par Latvijas Republikas valstisko statusu” 25. gadadienu, grāmata izdota ar Latvijas Republikas Saeimas Prezidija atbalstu. In honour of the 25th anniversary of the adoption of the constitutional law “On the Statehood of the Republic of Latvia”, this book is published with the support of the Presidium of the Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. Sastādītājs / Compiled by Aleksandrs Mirlins Vāka foto – Augusta puča laikā pie Latvijas Republikas Augstākās Padomes sapulcējušies cilvēki. Ulda Pāžes foto, Latvijas Republikas Saeima. Cover photo – People have gathered at the Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia during the August Putsch. Photo by Uldis Pāže, Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. SATURS | CONTENTS Latvijas Republikas Saeimas priekšsēdētāja Ināra Mūrniece. Laiks, kurā atguvām Latviju . .4 Ināra Mūrniece, Speaker of the Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. The Time We Regained Latvia . .6 Dainis Īvāns. Laipni lūgti neatkarīgajā Latvijā! . .8 Dainis Īvāns. Welcome to the Independent Latvia! . .12 Dokumenti | Documents . .16 Aleksandrs Mirlins. Kā tapa “Augusta hronika” . .372 Aleksandrs Mirlins. The Making of August Chronicles . .373 August Chronicles. .374 Augusta hronika . 401 Personu rādītājs | List of persons . .429 Tematiskais rādītājs | Index . .438 Izdevuma “Janvāra hronika” labojumi un komentāri | Corrections and additional comments to “January Chronicles” . .444 Saīsinājumi | Abbreviations . .447 2 1991. gada 21. augustā konstitucionālā likuma pieņemšanas laikā Doma laukumā plosījās OMON bruņutransportieri. Notikumu attīstība vēl bija neskaidra. Preses namu, Latvijā vienīgo televīziju Zaķusalā, radio namu Doma laukumā bija sagrābuši pučisti. -
The Possibility to Create Large-Scale Regional Governments in Latvia
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Co-operative Action Programme on Local Development Economic and Employment Development EMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN LATVIA Radisson SAS Daugava 24 Kugu Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia 18 January 2005 The Possibility to Create Large-scale Regional Governments in Latvia by Ligita Začesta, Assist. Professor at Vidzeme University College and Maris Pūis, Assist. Professor at the University of Latvia The topicality of the theme is connected with the prolonged period of decision-making during which no answer has been given to the question – whether to establish the large-scale regional governments in Latvia or not. The aim of this paper is to evaluate why previous efforts to establish such type of self-government were not successful, as well as to offer a solution of the problem. This paper describes the main interest groups connected with the regional reform, the analysis of the influence of economic, social and political aspects on the establishment of regional governments of larger scale is carried out, as well as comparison with the tendencies in the countries of the European Union (EU) is made. INTRODUCTION Although the necessity of the regional reform has been recognised already in “The Concept of Self- Government Reforms”, elaborated in 1993 (The Cabinet of Ministers, 1993), also the law “On Administrative Territorial Reform”, adopted in 1998 (the Saeima (the Parliament), 1998) provided for the establishment of such a kind of local governments, as well as the Declaration of the Cabinet of Ministers of 2004 envisaged the creation of large-scale regional governments - still the political decision has not been adopted. -
STARPZIŅOJUMS “Administratīvo Resursu Izmantošanas Novērošana Pirms 9.Saeimas Vēlēšanām”
STARPZIŅOJUMS ªAdministratīvo resursu izmantošanas novērošana pirms 9.Saeimas vēlēšanāmº 2006.gada septembris 1 Saturs 2 Kopsavilkums Šā gada veiktās novērošanas rezultāti liecina, ka pa šo laiku ievērojami augusi politiķu un sabiedrības izpratne par valsts un pašvaldību resursu izmantošanas negodīgumu vēlēšanās. Tomēr 2006.gada pētījuma rezultāti liecina, ka arī šajās vēlēšanās administratīvo resursu izmantošana ir uzskātama par nopietnu problēmu, kas kropļo politisko konkurenci. Šajā priekšvēlēšanu kampaņā veiktie novērojumi liecina, ka valdošie politiķi savtīgiem nolūkiem visvairāk ir izmantojuši institucionālos resursus, t.i., institūcijas un amata pienākumu pildīšanai paredzētos resursus. To vidū plašāk izplatītie gadījumi saistīti ar priekšvēlēšanu aģitācijas pasākumiem valsts un pašvaldību iestādēs un valsts/ pašvaldību uzņēmumos. Cita no līdz šim mazāk izplatītām formām, taču arī īstenota uz valsts resursu rēķina, ir pseidoaptauju veidošana, kuras formālais mērķis ir uzklausīt sabiedrības viedokli. Tā piemēram, divi ministri, izmantojot savu nozares vadīto ministriju aktivitātes, izvērsa sava tēla spodrināšanas kampaņu, pievienojot anketām ministra foto vai arī īsu aprakstu par ministra dzīves gājumu. Tomēr visplašāk no institucionālo resursu klāsta šajā priekšvēlēšanu kampaņā tika manipulēts ar publiskam amatam piesaistīto autoritāti. Publiskā amata autoritāte ± vairāk izmantotais resursu veids Publiskā amata autoritāte ir ietekmīgs resurss, ko persona iegūst, stājoties amatā. Proti, šī autoritāte ir piederīga nevis personai, bet gan amatam, kas piešķir personas darbībām leģitimitāti un uzticību. Lai arī šo resursu veidu dažkārt ir grūti kvantitatīvos rādītājos izteikt, taču tā ietekme var būt daudz lielāka, kā citu resursu savtīga izmantošana. Amata autoritāte ir arī pamatā tam, kādēļ valdošo partiju pārstāvjiem jau a priori ir priekšrocība pār opozīcijas partijām vai ārpus varas esošajām partijām. Ja amatpersonas to izmanto savtīgos nolūkos, tad tiek iedragāts vienlīdzīgu vēlēšanu princips un sabiedrības leģitimitāte valsts varai. -
A History Untold by Valdis V
“Tearing Apart the Bear” and British Military Involvement in the Construction of Modern Latvia: A History Untold by Valdis V. Rundāns BASc, Waterloo, 1975 BA, Victoria, 2008 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER of ARTS in the Department of History © Valdis V. Rundāns, 2014 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee “Tearing Apart the Bear” and British Military Involvement in the Construction of Modern Latvia: A History Untold by Valdis V. Rundāns BASc, Waterloo, 1975 BA, Victoria, 2008 Supervisory Committee Dr. Serhy Yekelchyk (Department of History) Supervisor Dr. Perry Biddiscombe, (Department of History) Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr Serhy Yekelchyk (Department of History) Supervisor Dr. Perry Biddiscombe (Department of History) Departmental Member Despite significant evidence to the contrary in the Latvian language, especially the memoirs of General Pēteris Radzinš, Latvians, historians included, and others, have persisted in mythologizing the military events of 8 October to 11 November 1919 in Riga as some sort of national miracle. Since this Latvian army victory, first celebrated as Lāčplēsis Day on 11 November1920, accounts of this battle have been unrepresented, poorly represented or misrepresented. For example, the 2007 historical film Rīgas Sargi (The Defenders of Riga) uses the 1888 poem Lāčplēsis by Andrējs Pumpurs as a template to portray the Latvians successfully defeating the German-Russian force on their own without Allied military aid. Pumpurs’ dream and revolutionary legacy has provided a well used script for Latvian nation building. -
2019/2020 LATVIA Human Development Report
LATVIA LATVIA Human Development Report Human Development Report Development Human 2019/2020 The Latvia Human Development Report has been published since 1995. The Advanced Social and Political Research Institute, Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Latvia has managed and edited the Report in collaboration with partners across Latvia since 2005. The 2019/2020 Report investigates the Europeanization of Latvia – the impact that membership of the European Union (EU) has left on Latvian politics and government, economy and society. The authors of the first part of the Report focus on changes and modernization of the state, examining, in particular, Europeanization of the political system, public administration and local governments, as well as foreign affairs and the judicial system. It also assesses the EU’s impact upon the economy. The second part of the report focuses mainly on the impact of the EU on people, society and mass media. The authors reveal that the EU’s impact is pronounced in the main political institutions and that the membership of the EU has fostered extensive modernization of governance. At the same time, although there has been a large-scale reorientation towards European values, Latvia’s membership in the EU has not achieved substantive change in combatting poverty, inequality and depopulation of rural areas. These problems, similarly to economic development, are national-level issues, which can be resolved only through domestic government led reforms. 2019/2020 EUROPEANIZATION Advanced Social and Political Research Institute OF LATVIA ISBN 978-9934-18-661-5 2019/2020 LATVIA Human Development Report EUROPEANIZATION OF LATVIA Advanced Social and Political Research Institute Latvia. -
Jūrniecības Gadagrāmata 2020
LATVIJAS JŪRNIECĪBAS GADAGRĀMATA 2020 LATVIJAS JŪRNIECĪBAS SAVIENĪBA LATVIJAS JŪRNIECĪBAS GADAGRĀMATA 2020 28. grāmata RĪGA 2021 Redkolēģija Antons Vjaters, Anita Freiberga Redaktore Anita Freiberga Tālr. 29229063 E-pasts: [email protected] Datorgrafika Kaspars Vēveris Pirmā vāka foto: Shutterstock.com Ilustrācijām izmantoti: Ā. Freiberga, G. Dieziņa, S. Kočānes, A. Freibergas, N. Smaļinska, R. Mūrnieka, J. Budreikas foto un foto no Ministru kabineta, Valsts prezidenta kancelejas Preses dienesta, Saeimas kancelejas, Satiksmes ministrijas, LOTLP Reklāmas komisijas, Aizsardzības ministrijas, Latvijas Jūras spēku, Rīgas vēstures un kuģniecības muzeja, Latvijas Jūras administrācijas, Latvijas Jūras akadēmijas, Liepājas Jūrniecības koledžas, “Novikontas”, “CSM Baltija”, Salacgrīvas ostas pārvaldes, Mērsraga ostas pārvaldes, Rīgas brīvostas pārvaldes, Ventspils brīvostas pārvaldes, LSEZ pārvaldes, Skultes ostas pārvaldes, “Gulf of Riga Regatta”, “Tēvijas Sarga”, “Jūras Informācijas”, “Latvijas jūrniecības gadagrāmatas”, MVPŠ Jūras spēku Mācību centra arhīva, kā arī foto no Ivara Brauna, Naura Upatnieka, Ilzes Bernsones, Ulda Kariņa, Aleksandra Nadežņikova, Edgara Gļaņenko, Ingus Bajinska, Aināra Vimbas, Imanta Nartiša, Ulda Ozola, Matīsa Stīpnieka, Ģirta Sarjas personīgā arhīva. Rakstos izmantota ES, EK, IMO, Satiksmes ministrijas, Aizsardzības ministrijas, Rīgas brīvostas, Ventspils brīvostas, LSEZ, Latvijas Jūras administrācijas žurnāla „Jūrnieks” informācija. LJA informāciju publicēšanai sagatavojusi Sarma Kočāne. Rakstus publicēšanai -
Einars Repse
Einars Repse Letonia, Primer ministro (2002-2004) Duración del mandato: November 07, 2002 - , Nacimiento: Municipalidad de Jelgava, December 09, 1961 Partido político: Por el Desarrollo de Letonia (LA); anteriormente, de Unidad (Vienotiba) y Nueva Era (JL) Profession: Ingeniero en electrónica y funcionario bancario Resumen http://www.cidob.org 1 of 7 Biografía En 1986 obtuvo el título de ingeniero electrónico por la Facultad de Física y Matemáticas de la Universidad Estatal de la entonces República Socialista Soviética Letona (RSSL) y a continuación empezó a trabajar en el departamento de proyectos de instrumental científico de la Academia de Ciencias de la RSSL, como la anterior institución sita en Riga. El 10 de julio de 1988 figuró entre los fundadores del Movimiento de la Independencia Nacional Letona (LNNK), una organización de la derecha nacionalista y antirrusa que a su vez se asoció al Frente Popular Letón (LTF), la gran coalición de fuerzas sociales y políticas fundada el 8 de octubre de 1988 para canalizar las demandas populares de la restauración de la soberanía nacional perdida en la anexión por Stalin en 1940, la retirada de las tropas ruso-soviéticas y la celebración de elecciones libres. Repse se aseguró un lugar señero en la conducción de los acontecimientos como miembro del consejo ejecutivo del LTF. El ala reformista de los propios comunistas letones, con Anatolijs Gorbunovs a la cabeza, impulsó el proceso soberanista, aunque con cautela, intentado evitar los enfrentamientos violentos con Moscú. El 18 de marzo de 1990 Repse fue uno de los 131 candidatos del LTF que obtuvo escaño en las elecciones para el Consejo Supremo de 201 miembros, en realidad el viejo Soviet Supremo convertido en Parlamento de transición durante el período de separación de la URSS. -
Latvia 1988-2015: a Triumph of the Radical Nationalists
The Baltic Centre of Historical and Socially Political Studies Victor Gushchin Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists Political support of the West for Latvian radical nationalism and neo-Nazismand the import of this ideology into Latvia after the West’s victory in the Cold War. Formation of a unipolar world led by the USA, revision of the 1945 Yalta and Potsdam treaties and the 1975 Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe as main reasons for the evolution of the Republic of Latvia of May 4th, 1990,from elimination of universal suffrage to relapse of totalitarianism: establishment of the so-called «Latvian Latvia», Russophobia, suppression of ethnic minority rights, restriction of freedom of speech and assembly, revision of the outcome of World War Two and propaganda of neo-Nazism. Riga 2017 UDK 94(474.3) “19/20” Gu 885 The book Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists» is dedicated to Latvia’s most recent history. On May 4, 1990, the Supreme Soviet (Supreme Council) of the Latvian SSR adopted the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Latvian Republic without holding a national referendum, thus violating the acting Constitution. Following this up on October 15, 1991, the Supreme Soviet deprived more than a third of its own electorate Latvia 1988 - 2015: of the right to automatic citizenship. As a result, one of the most fundamental principles of a triumph of the radical nationalists democracy, universal suffrage, was eliminated. Thereafter, the Latvian parliament, periodically re-elected in conditions where a signif- icant part of country’s inhabitants lack the right to participate in elections, has been adopting Book 1. -
The Latvian Agrarian Union and Agrarian Reform Between the Two
TITLE: RIDING THE TIGER : THE LATVIAN AGRARIAN UNION AN D AGRAIAN REFORM BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD WAR S AUTHOR: ANDREJS PLAKANS, Iowa State University THE NATIONAL COUNCI L FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE VIII PROGRA M 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N .W . Washington, D .C . 20036 PROJECT INFORMATION : ' CONTRACTOR : Iowa State University PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : Andrejs Plakans and Charles Wetherel l COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 810-23 DATE : December 31, 199 6 COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Individual researchers retain the copyright on work products derived from research funded by Council Contract. The Council and the U.S. Government have the right to duplicate written report s and other materials submitted under Council Contract and to distribute such copies within th e Council and U.S. Government for their own use, and to draw upon such reports and materials fo r their own studies; but the Council and U.S. Government do not have the right to distribute, or make such reports and materials available, outside the Council or U.S. Government without the written consent of the authors, except as may be required under the provisions of the Freedom o f Information Act 5 U.S.C. 552, or other applicable law . The work leading to this report was supported in part by contract funds provided by the National Councilfor Soviet and East European Research, made available by the U. S. Department of State under Title VIII (the Soviet-Eastern European Research and Training Act of 1983, as amended). The analysis an d interpretations contained in the report are those of the author(s) . -
Latvia's 15 Years in the European Union
THE DILIGENT TEENAGER: LATVIA’S 15 YEARS IN THE LATVIA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 15 YEARS EUROPEAN UNION Photo 1 Fifteen years ago, on 1 May 2004, Latvia The day of the EU enlargement. On 1 May joined the European Union (EU), thus closing 2004, ten countries became the new EU almost ten-year long process of accession. Member States: Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Given the sensitive geo-political situation, the Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, choice in favour of Europe was self-evident, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. even though, the ideas of neutrality or closer Romano Prodi, President of the European Commission, Pat Cox, President of the cooperation with the Commonwealth of European Parliament and many EU Heads of Independent States originally emerged in the State and Government, including President political environment. However, the history Vaira-Vīķe Freiberga, attended the official was still alive in people’s memories, and it enlargement ceremony in Dublin. also determined the fate of Latvia in favour of Photo: The European Community, Maxwell’s, integration into the EU, by choosing the so- Irish Presidency called ‘return to Europe’. When regaining independence, Latvia based its statehood on the values of the republic proclaimed in 1918, providing that Latvia is an independent, democratic and parliamentary state. Accession to the EU provided for the strengthening of these values, by incorporating in the family of western democratic states, as well as the economic prosperity, well-being and security of Latvia by cooperating with like-minded countries. It would be difficult to challenge this choice now: the EU is the largest trading Photo 1 bloc in the world, the euro is the second largest currency in the world, the EU is a global leader in combating climate change the most developed countries by the Human and providing development aid; its population Development Index of the United Nations has almost the highest life expectancy in Organization.