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Augusta Hronika Latvijas Republikas Neatkarības Atjaunošana De Facto

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Augusta Hronika Latvijas Republikas Neatkarības Atjaunošana De Facto Augusta hronika Latvijas Republikas neatkarības atjaunošana de facto August Chronicles The de facto restoration of the independence of the Republic of Latvia Rīga 2016 Atzīmējot 1991. gada 21. augusta konstitucionālā likuma “Par Latvijas Republikas valstisko statusu” 25. gadadienu, grāmata izdota ar Latvijas Republikas Saeimas Prezidija atbalstu. In honour of the 25th anniversary of the adoption of the constitutional law “On the Statehood of the Republic of Latvia”, this book is published with the support of the Presidium of the Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. Sastādītājs / Compiled by Aleksandrs Mirlins Vāka foto – Augusta puča laikā pie Latvijas Republikas Augstākās Padomes sapulcējušies cilvēki. Ulda Pāžes foto, Latvijas Republikas Saeima. Cover photo – People have gathered at the Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia during the August Putsch. Photo by Uldis Pāže, Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. SATURS | CONTENTS Latvijas Republikas Saeimas priekšsēdētāja Ināra Mūrniece. Laiks, kurā atguvām Latviju . .4 Ināra Mūrniece, Speaker of the Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. The Time We Regained Latvia . .6 Dainis Īvāns. Laipni lūgti neatkarīgajā Latvijā! . .8 Dainis Īvāns. Welcome to the Independent Latvia! . .12 Dokumenti | Documents . .16 Aleksandrs Mirlins. Kā tapa “Augusta hronika” . .372 Aleksandrs Mirlins. The Making of August Chronicles . .373 August Chronicles. .374 Augusta hronika . 401 Personu rādītājs | List of persons . .429 Tematiskais rādītājs | Index . .438 Izdevuma “Janvāra hronika” labojumi un komentāri | Corrections and additional comments to “January Chronicles” . .444 Saīsinājumi | Abbreviations . .447 2 1991. gada 21. augustā konstitucionālā likuma pieņemšanas laikā Doma laukumā plosījās OMON bruņutransportieri. Notikumu attīstība vēl bija neskaidra. Preses namu, Latvijā vienīgo televīziju Zaķusalā, radio namu Doma laukumā bija sagrābuši pučisti. Uzreiz pēc likuma pieņemšanas tā tekstu sakopēja lielā skaitā, lai izdalītu Jēkaba laukumā pie Augstākās Padomes sanākušajiem cilvēkiem. Gunāra Janaiša foto. When the Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia adopted the Constitutional Law on 21 August 1991, OMON armoured vehicles were rampaging in Dome Square. It was unclear how the events might unfold. The Press House, as well as the only television studio in Latvia at the time – the studio at Zaķusala – and the radio building at Dome Square had all been occupied by the putschists. Upon the adoption of the Law, many photocopies of its text were made and distributed to the people gathering outside the building of the Supreme Council. Photo by Gunārs Janaitis. 3 Laiks, kurā atguvām Latviju Godātie lasītāji! Jūsu rokās ir “Augusta hronika” – otrais Latvijas Republikas Saeimas izdevums, kurā apkopotas Latvijas Republikas Augstākās Padomes Preses centra relīzes, Prezidija vēstules un notikumu apskati. Tie tapuši Latvijas valstij un likumdevējam ārkārtīgi sarežģītā laikā, kad bruka padomju impērija, bet tās sastāvā varmācīgi iekļautās valstis un tautas centās atgūt neatkarību. Pēc 1990. gada 4. maijā pieņemtās deklarācijas “Par Latvijas Republikas neatkarī­ bas atjaunošanu”, kas Latvijā izraisīja lielu emocionālu pacēlumu, nāca 1991. gads. Tas iesākās ar janvāra barikādēm, turpinājās ar marta referendumu jeb tautas aptauju par neatkarīgu Latviju, bet augustā negaidīti radīja neprognozējamus draudus likumīgi ievēlētajai Augstākajai Padomei un visam padarītajam ceļā uz pilnīgu neatkarības at­ jaunošanu. Padomju Savienībā bija noticis konstitucionālais apvērsums, ko dēvē arī par augusta puču. 19. augusta rīts nesagatavotu pārsteidza gandrīz visu pasauli. PSRS informāci­ jas kanālos tika nolasīts tā dēvētās Valsts ārkārtas stāvokļa komitejas paziņojums, ka toreizējais PSRS prezidents Mihails Gorbačovs veselības stāvokļa dēļ nespējot pildīt savus pienākumus un vairākos PSRS reģionos, tai skaitā Baltijā, ir noteikts ārkārtas stāvoklis. Rīgā padomju militāristi ieņēma Iekšlietu ministriju, radio un televīziju, tika atbruņota Ministru prezidenta apsardze. Neraugoties uz to, Latvijas Republikas Augstākā Padome 19. augustā jau divpa­ dsmitos dienā sanāca uz sēdi, lai lemtu par turpmāko rīcību. Latvija un tās Baltijas māsas Igaunija un Lietuva noraidīja sadarbību ar pučistiem un gatavojās uzsākt ne­ vardarbīgu pilsoniskās nepakļaušanās kampaņu. Nākamās dienas vakarā tika saņemta ziņa, ka Igaunijas Augstākā Padome pieņēmusi neatkarības deklarāciju. Jāpiebilst, ka Lietuva savas valsts atjaunošanas aktu bija pieņēmusi jau 1990. gada 11. martā. Lai arī 21. augusta pusdienlaikā Doma laukumā stāvēja armijas vienības un bruņumašīnas, mūsu Augstākā Padome ar balsu vairākumu pieņēma lēmumu par pil­ nīgu Latvijas neatkarību. Bija beidzies 1990. gada 4. maijā noteiktais pārejas periods, un Latvijas Republikas valsts vara bija atjaunota de facto. Tam, kas turpmākajās dienās notika mūsu tālaika parlamentā, jūs varēsiet izse­ kot šīs grāmatas lappusēs. Te uzzināsiet arī par de facto neatkarību atjaunojušās Lat­ vijas pirmajiem trim pastāvēšanas mēnešiem – Augstākās Padomes darbību līdz pat 4 1991. gada decembra beigām. Gads noslēdzās ar citu labu ziņu – milzis uz māla kājām sabruka, PSRS beidza pastāvēt. “Augusta hronikā” varēsiet iepazīties ar atbalstu un apsveikumiem, ko atjaunotā Latvijas valsts saņēma no visas civilizētās pasaules. Varēsiet atsaukt atmiņā, kā tika pieņemti pirmie svarīgākie likumdošanas dokumenti un kā Latvija – nu jau pilntiesīgs starptautisko tiesību subjekts – pirms 25 gadiem atgriezās pasaules apritē. Lai arī grāmatā apkopotā informācija galvenokārt sagatavota kā paziņojumi presei un notikumi lielākoties atspoguļoti dokumentāri, šajās gandrīz 450 lappusēs atradīsiet daudz unikālu un aizraujošu faktu, pārliecināsieties par neviltoto sirsnību, kas strāvo no politiskajiem dokumentiem un diplomātiskajām vēstulēm, kurās nav birokrātiskās rutīnas un kuras tāpēc ir tik aizkustinošas. Dažus mēnešus vēlāk Latvijas Republiku jau bija atzinušas lielākā daļa pasaules valstu, Latvija bija uzņemta Eiropas Drošības un sadarbības apspriedē (tagad EDSO), Apvienoto Nāciju Organizācijā un Ziemeļatlantijas sadarbības padomē, kas jau tolaik kļuva par pamatu ciešai sadarbībai ar NATO. Atskatoties uz grāmatā ietvertajiem notikumiem no šodienas redzespunkta, skaidri redzams pats galvenais – spriedzes, draudu un bažu piesātinātās 1991. gada augusta dienas, kā arī turpmākie iedvesmojošie notikumi veido vienu no fantastis­ kākajām Latvijas vēstures lappusēm. Tas ir stāsts par to, kā PSRS militārā puča lai­ kā maza valsts spēja atjaunot pirms 50 gadiem zaudēto neatkarību, turklāt tas notika parlamentārā ceļā visas pasaules acu priekšā. Tas ir stāsts par dziļu tautas vienprātību, apskaužamu neatlaidību, nesalaužamu ticību sev un savai valstij. Šī grāmata palīdz iemūžināt neskaitāmu cilvēku darbu, kas tolaik strādāja nepaguruši, – tie bija ne vien tālaika politiķi, kas cīnījās par neatkarības atjaunoša­ nu, bet arī juristi, Augstākās Padomes Kancelejas darbinieki, tulki un, protams, Preses centra cilvēki, kuri paveica vēl nepieredzēto – savāca, apkopoja un visā pasaulē izplatī­ ja informāciju par to, kā neliela valsts Baltijas jūras krastā pēc 50 okupācijas gadiem atkal kļūst brīva. Ināra Mūrniece, 12. Saeimas priekšsēdētāja 5 The Time We Regained Latvia Dear reader, You now hold in your hands The August Chronicles. It is the second publication by the Saeima of the Republic of Latvia that offers a compilation of press releases by the Press Centre of the Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia, correspondence of the Presidium, and reports on the most recent developments of the time. These documents were created at an extremely difficult time for the state of Latvia and its legislature; as the Soviet empire crumbled, the countries and nations that had been violently incorporated in it were struggling to restore their independence. Following the immense emotional uplift of 4 May 1990, when the Declaration of Independence was adopted, came 1991. The year began with the January Barricades that were followed by the March referendum or public survey regarding the independence of Latvia. Then, in August, the Supreme Council – and everything that had so far been achieved towards the restoration of independence – faced an unexpected threat: a coup d’état, known as the August Putsch, had taken place in the Soviet Union. The morning of 19 August took almost the entire world by surprise. The information channels of the USSR spread an announcement by the so­called State Emergency Committee, claiming that Mikhail Gorbachev, then President of the USSR, was supposedly unable to fulfil his duties due to health issues and that a state of emergency was being introduced in several regions of the USSR, including the Baltics. In Riga, soviet soldiers occupied the Ministry for the Interior and the radio and television studios; the guards of the Prime Minister were disarmed. In spite of all these developments, the Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia gathered for a plenary sitting at noon on 19 August to decide on how to proceed. Latvia, together with its Baltic sisters – Estonia and Lithuania – refused to cooperate with the putschists and began preparing for a civil disobedience campaign. The next evening brought the news that the Supreme Council of Estonia had adopted a declaration of independence. Notably, Lithuania had already adopted the document restoring its independence on 11 March 1990. Although at noon on 21 August Dome Square was filled with soldiers and armoured vehicles, the majority of our Supreme Council voted in favour of total independence
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