Janvāra Hronika
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Speaker of the Saeima, Two Deputy Speakers, a Secretary and a Deputy Secretary
The Presidium of the Saeima The work of the Saeima is managed by the Presidium, which is elected by the Saeima at the beginning of its term of office. The Presidium of the Saeima consists of five members of the Saeima – the Speaker of the Saeima, two Deputy Speakers, a Secretary and a Deputy Secretary. Nominations for the positions in the Saeima Presidium are submitted by Saeima members in writing, and voting on the nominees for each position is held simultaneously by secret ballot and by using ballot papers. The nominee who receives the most votes is deemed elected; however, the number of votes should not be less than the absolute majority of votes of the members present. Members of the Presidium are usually elected from the ru- ling parties represented in the Saeima; however, the Speaker In order to coordinate the activities of parliamentary of the Saeima may also be elected from the party which has groups and political blocs, as well as to settle matters not gained the largest number of seats in the Saeima. which are not covered by the Rules of Procedure, the The Presidium of the Saeima determines the internal ru- Council of Parliamentary Groups is formed. It consists les of the Saeima, gives opinions on the documents sub- of the Saeima Presidium and one Saeima member from mitted and forwards these documents as prescribed by each parliamentary group and political bloc. Decisions of the Rules of Procedure, prepares the agenda of Saeima the Council of Parliamentary Groups are only advisory. sittings, as well as confirms planned business trips. -
English Version Remains the Only Official Document Republic of Latvia Page: 2 Parliamentary Elections, 7 October 2006 OSCE/ODIHR Final Report
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights REPUBLIC OF LATVIA PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 7 October 2006 OSCE/ODIHR Limited Election Observation Mission Final Report Warsaw 8 February 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 1 II. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 2 III. POLITICAL BACKGROUND................................................................................................................... 3 IV. ELECTION SYSTEM................................................................................................................................. 3 V. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................ 4 A. OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................... 4 B. CANDIDACY RIGHTS ................................................................................................................................ 4 1. Lustration Provisions........................................................................................................................... 4 2. Limitation on the Right of Individuals to Be Elected ........................................................................... 6 C. CITIZENSHIP -
Augusta Hronika Latvijas Republikas Neatkarības Atjaunošana De Facto
Augusta hronika Latvijas Republikas neatkarības atjaunošana de facto August Chronicles The de facto restoration of the independence of the Republic of Latvia Rīga 2016 Atzīmējot 1991. gada 21. augusta konstitucionālā likuma “Par Latvijas Republikas valstisko statusu” 25. gadadienu, grāmata izdota ar Latvijas Republikas Saeimas Prezidija atbalstu. In honour of the 25th anniversary of the adoption of the constitutional law “On the Statehood of the Republic of Latvia”, this book is published with the support of the Presidium of the Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. Sastādītājs / Compiled by Aleksandrs Mirlins Vāka foto – Augusta puča laikā pie Latvijas Republikas Augstākās Padomes sapulcējušies cilvēki. Ulda Pāžes foto, Latvijas Republikas Saeima. Cover photo – People have gathered at the Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia during the August Putsch. Photo by Uldis Pāže, Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. SATURS | CONTENTS Latvijas Republikas Saeimas priekšsēdētāja Ināra Mūrniece. Laiks, kurā atguvām Latviju . .4 Ināra Mūrniece, Speaker of the Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. The Time We Regained Latvia . .6 Dainis Īvāns. Laipni lūgti neatkarīgajā Latvijā! . .8 Dainis Īvāns. Welcome to the Independent Latvia! . .12 Dokumenti | Documents . .16 Aleksandrs Mirlins. Kā tapa “Augusta hronika” . .372 Aleksandrs Mirlins. The Making of August Chronicles . .373 August Chronicles. .374 Augusta hronika . 401 Personu rādītājs | List of persons . .429 Tematiskais rādītājs | Index . .438 Izdevuma “Janvāra hronika” labojumi un komentāri | Corrections and additional comments to “January Chronicles” . .444 Saīsinājumi | Abbreviations . .447 2 1991. gada 21. augustā konstitucionālā likuma pieņemšanas laikā Doma laukumā plosījās OMON bruņutransportieri. Notikumu attīstība vēl bija neskaidra. Preses namu, Latvijā vienīgo televīziju Zaķusalā, radio namu Doma laukumā bija sagrābuši pučisti. -
Factsheet: the Saeima of the Latvian Republic
Directorate-General for the Presidency Directorate for Relations with National Parliaments Factsheet: The Saeima of the Latvian Republic 1.At a glance Latvia is a republic and a parliamentary democracy. Its Parliament, the Saeima, is a unicameral Parliament composed of 100 Members, elected for a maximum term of 4 years. All citizens of Latvia who enjoy full rights of citizenship and who on election day have attained 18 years of age are entitled to vote. The main function of the Saeima is law-making and adopting the state budget, but it also elects the President of the Republic, the State Auditor, and the Central Election Commission, and ratifies international agreements. The work of the Saeima is supervised by its Presidium, which consists of five MPs: the Speaker, two Deputy Speakers, the Secretary and the Deputy Secretary. The Saeima may give a vote of confidence or no confidence in the government. On the motion of not less than one-half of the Members of the Saeima, the Saeima may at a secret sitting decide by a two-thirds majority to dismiss the President and immediately appoint a successor. Draft laws may be presented to the Saeima by the President of State, the Cabinet, and the Committees of the Saeima, no less than five individual Members of the Saeima or, in cases and in a manner provided for in the Constitution, by one-tenth of the electorate. On 3 June 2015, the Saeima elected Mr Raimonds Vejonis President of the Republic. 2. Composition Results of the general elections on 4 October 2014 Party EP affiliation % Seats Saskaņas Centrs (SC) 23% 24 Harmony Ccentre Vienotība (V) 21,87% 23 Unity Zaļo un Zemnieku savienīb (ZZS) 19,53% 21 Union of Greens and Farmers Nacionālās apvienības "Visu Latvijai!" VL-TB/LNNK 16,61 17 Nacional Alliance "All for Latvia!" Latvijas Re´gionu Apvieniba 6,66% 8 Alliance Of regions of Latvia No sirds Latvijai 6,85 7 For Latvia from the Heart 100% 100 Turnout : 58,85% The next election will take place in 2018. -
Latvia 1988-2015: a Triumph of the Radical Nationalists
The Baltic Centre of Historical and Socially Political Studies Victor Gushchin Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists Political support of the West for Latvian radical nationalism and neo-Nazismand the import of this ideology into Latvia after the West’s victory in the Cold War. Formation of a unipolar world led by the USA, revision of the 1945 Yalta and Potsdam treaties and the 1975 Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe as main reasons for the evolution of the Republic of Latvia of May 4th, 1990,from elimination of universal suffrage to relapse of totalitarianism: establishment of the so-called «Latvian Latvia», Russophobia, suppression of ethnic minority rights, restriction of freedom of speech and assembly, revision of the outcome of World War Two and propaganda of neo-Nazism. Riga 2017 UDK 94(474.3) “19/20” Gu 885 The book Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists» is dedicated to Latvia’s most recent history. On May 4, 1990, the Supreme Soviet (Supreme Council) of the Latvian SSR adopted the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Latvian Republic without holding a national referendum, thus violating the acting Constitution. Following this up on October 15, 1991, the Supreme Soviet deprived more than a third of its own electorate Latvia 1988 - 2015: of the right to automatic citizenship. As a result, one of the most fundamental principles of a triumph of the radical nationalists democracy, universal suffrage, was eliminated. Thereafter, the Latvian parliament, periodically re-elected in conditions where a signif- icant part of country’s inhabitants lack the right to participate in elections, has been adopting Book 1. -
2006 Parliamentary (Saeima) Election
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights REPUBLIC OF LATVIA PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS 7 October 2006 OSCE/ODIHR Limited Election Observation Mission Final Report Warsaw 8 February 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 1 II. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 2 III. POLITICAL BACKGROUND................................................................................................................... 3 IV. ELECTION SYSTEM................................................................................................................................. 3 V. LEGAL FRAMEWORK ............................................................................................................................ 4 A. OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................................... 4 B. CANDIDACY RIGHTS ................................................................................................................................ 4 1. Lustration Provisions........................................................................................................................... 4 2. Limitation on the Right of Individuals to Be Elected ........................................................................... 6 C. CITIZENSHIP -
Briefing No 10 Latvia and the Enlargement of the European Union
Briefing No 10 Latvia and the Enlargement of the European Union The views expressed in this document are not necessarily those held by the European Parliament as an institution. _____________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS I. SUMMARY II. POLITICAL SITUATION a) Recent History b) Institutions c) Recent developments III. ECONOMIC SITUATION a) Introduction b) Economic performance c) Economic policy d) External economic relations IV. RELATIONS WITH THE EU AND ENLARGEMENT a) Commission b) European Parliament c) Council of Ministers and European Council ANNEX __________________________________________________________________ I. SUMMARY This year has so far seen the instability that has characterised much of Latvia's political life since regaining its independence continue. Prime Minister Andris Skele resigned in April amid disquiet over his handling of aspects of the privatisation process. His replacement is Andris Berzins, the former mayor of Riga, who leads a coalition with similar support in the Saeima. The big positive event for Latvia has been the opening of accession negotiations with the EU. Negotiations started on eight chapters in March, and by the end of the Portuguese Presidency, five of those chapters had been concluded for the time being. The Latvian President, Varia Vike -Freiberga has indicated that Latvia would like to complete accession negotiations by 2003, in order to join the EU in 2005. II. POLITICAL SITUATION a) Recent history During the middle ages, Latvia was occupied by changing foreign rulers who were interested in the country's strategic location for commerce and its largely ice-free coastline. Most of Latvia came under Russian domination in 1771 under the Treaty of Nystad. Eastern Latgale became part of Russian territory the following year as a result of the first partition of Poland, while the Third Partition, in 1795, added the Duchy of Courland to the Russian empire. -
The Centenary of Latvia's Foreign Affairs
THE CENTENARY OF LATVIA’S FOREIGN AFFAIRS IDEAS AND PERSONALITIES THE CENTENARY OF LATVIA’S FOREIGN AFFAIRS IDEAS AND PERSONALITIES THE CENTENARY OF LATVIA’S FOREIGN AFFAIRS IDEAS AND PERSONALITIES The upcoming centennial of Latvia’s statehood provides an important occasion to reflect on the country’s international achievements and offer a self-critical look at what remains to be done. This publication identifies main currents in Latvia’s foreign policy thinking and the most remarkable individuals that contributed to shaping them. A team of local and foreign experts reviews key ideational trends in Latvia’s foreign policy during the Interwar period and today, as well as assesses the trajectories of thinking during the periods of exile and regaining independence. Authors: Aldis Austers, Edijs Bošs, Raimonds Cerūzis, Mārtiņš Daugulis, Martyn Housden, Ivars Ījabs, Didzis Kļaviņš, Jordan T. Kuck, Andis Kudors, Andrejs Plakans, Diāna Potjomkina, Gunda Reire, Andris Sprūds, Valters Ščerbinskis, Jānis Taurēns Editors: Diāna Potjomkina, Andris Sprūds, Valters Ščerbinskis Scientific reviewers: Ainārs Lerhis, Toms Rostoks This project was made possible thanks to support from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia and the Saeima of the Republic of Latvia The project was completed in cooperation with National Information Agency LETA The respective authors are accountable for the content of individual articles. The opinions expressed by the authors should not be construed as representing those of the Latvian Institute of International Affairs, project supporters or partners, other government institutions or entities. Cover design: Līga Rozentāle Layout: Oskars Stalidzāns Translations from Latvian: Alise Krapāne, Jurijs Saveļjevs, Pāvels Smišļājevs English language editor (select chapters): Dillon J. -
January 1991
January 2021 Länderbüro, Lettland Photo: Witold Hussakowski. Collection of the Latvian National Museum. January 1991 Barricades in Latvia Dainis Īvāns On 18 November 1918, the People’s Council of Latvia, founded by Latvian political parties, declared the Republic of Latvia de jure. However, actual independence had to be fought for with weapons and there were casualties. The Latvian War of Independence lasted two long years. On 4 May 1990, the Supreme Council of Latvia, elected in the first free elections of the Latvian SSR, declared restoration of the independence of the Republic of Latvia de jure. What followed this time, was nonviolent resistance under the auspices of the newly elected parliament, so as to regain independence de facto. We used no weapons, just our bare hands and the power of the nation’s spirit. There were casualties. The decisive battle came in January 1991. The impulse for these events can be traced back, if not to 23 August 1939 when the Hitler-Stalin Pact was signed in Moscow, then definitely to 23 August 1989. On the 50th anniversary of this pact 2 million Latvians, Lithuanians and Estonians joined their hands to form a human chain for 640 km - the Baltic Way. Despite Moscow’s denial of the existence of a secret deal between Hitler and Stalin, defining the spheres of influence and claiming that the Baltic states had acceded to the Soviet Union voluntarily, the truth was not to be hidden any longer. Upon request by members of the Estonian Popular Front, the Lithuanian Sajudis and the Latvian Popular Front, a parliamentary enquiry commission Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e. -
Evolution of Parliamentary Institutions in the Baltic States Emergence and Development of Parliaments in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 2017 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 4 MANAS Journal of Social Studies 2017 Vol.: 6 No: 4 EVOLUTION OF PARLIAMENTARY INSTITUTIONS IN THE BALTIC STATES EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT OF PARLIAMENTS IN ESTONIA, LATVIA AND LITHUANIA Dr. Saltanat KYDYRALIEVA Istanbul University, Institute of Social Sciences PhD Alumna [email protected] Abstract This article is a work of comparative parliamentary study which focuses on legislatures of the Baltic States. It looks at parliamentary institutions of Estonia, Riigikogu; Latvia, Saeima and Lithuania, Seimas using historical approach of analysis and comparative method. The paper analyses historical evolution and development of parliaments of Baltic nations dividing it to two parts. The first part of this paper considers the period from 1917 to 1940 and gives precise information about emergence and activities of Riigikogu, Saeima and Seimas. The last part of the paper will look at the parliamentary experience of respective countries after 1990. In addition to comparative analysis of parliaments and parliamentary experience in the Baltic States, the paper gives an analysis of historical processes and political developments of these countries. This paper is an original comparative case study and it aims to expose workings of legislative and parliamentary mechanisms in the Baltic States. Other aim of this paper is to show regional cooperation and collaboration through parliamentary institutions. Keywords: Baltic States, Parliament, Riigikogu, Saeima, Seimas Introduction The Baltic States are a group of countries on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, in Northern Europe. It consists of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, which have become independent republics with the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991. -
Coverage of the Russian-Speaking Minority in Latvian-Language News Media and Its Role Within Russo-Latvian Socio-Political Relations.”
“Coverage of the Russian-speaking minority in Latvian-language news media and its role within Russo-Latvian socio-political relations.” Madara Veipa Department of Theatre, Film and Television Studies Aberystwyth University This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Aberystwyth University 2017 Thesis Abstract This thesis explores the ways in which Latvian-language news media represents the Russian-speaking minority in Latvia and how these representations impact on the relationship between Latvian and Russian speakers in Latvia. Through an assessment of six Latvian-language news media sources, the thesis offers an understanding of the type of stories published and broadcast in Latvian-language news media. Furthermore, the thesis also analyses the Latvian-language newspaper coverage of the Language Referendum in 2012. By assessing the ways in which the referendum was discussed, the thesis establishes links between the representation of the Russian-speaking minority and the representation of Latvian national identity in the media. The analyses of the Latvian-language news media are then furthered by an analysis of interviews conducted with Latvian speakers, in which the respondents were asked to discuss their understanding of both the media and the relationship between Latvian and Russian speakers in Latvia. The thesis concludes by offering a clear outline of the way Latvian-language news media constructs stories, both those discussing Russian speakers and related issues, as well as the stories which aim to promote Latvian national identity. Furthermore, by reflecting on the interview data, the thesis also highlights existent perceptions and the way they are perpetuated by Latvian speakers, contrasting such notions with those expressed in the Latvian-language news media analysed throughout. -
Presidium of the Saeima the Work of the Saeima Is Managed by Its Presidium, Which Is Elected from Among the Mps at the Beginning of the Saeima’S Term of Office
Presidium of the Saeima The work of the Saeima is managed by its Presidium, which is elected from among the MPs at the beginning of the Saeima’s term of office. The Pre- sidium consists of five MPs. Current- ly, the Speaker is Ināra Mūrniece, the Deputy Speakers are Dagmāra Beitnere-Le Galla and Inese Lībiņa- Egnere, the Secretary is Andrejs Kl- ementjevs and the Deputy Secretary is Marija Golubeva. The new convocation of the Saeima usually elects the Presidium at its first plenary sitting. Nominations for posi- tions in the Presidium are submitted by MPs in writing, and voting on all nom- Presidium of the 13th Saeima inees appointed for each position is held simultaneously in an open ballot Saeima, thus ensuring performance competence of these officials. procedure by using ballot papers. The of all tasks assigned by the Presidium. Plenary sittings are usually held once a nominee who receives the most votes is Meetings of the Presidium are usually week (on Thursdays) in the main build- elected; however, the number of votes held in the Red Room of the main build- ing of the Saeima. Ceremonial sittings, should not be less than the majority of ing of the Saeima, but the Presidium during which the Speaker delivers a votes of the MPs present. Members of may convene at another time and place. ceremonial address, are held twice a the Presidium are usually elected from The Council of Parliamentary Groups year: on 4 May in honour of the anni- political parties which have gained a is formed in order to determine and versary of the convening of the Consti- comparatively large number of seats in coordinate the activities and strategies tutional Assembly and the renewal of the Saeima; the Speaker may be elected of parliamentary groups and political independence of the Republic of Latvia, from a party which has not gained the blocs within the Saeima, as well as to and on 18 November in honour of the largest number of seats in the Saeima.