2009. Gada Saeimas Publiskais Pārskats
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Augusta Hronika Latvijas Republikas Neatkarības Atjaunošana De Facto
Augusta hronika Latvijas Republikas neatkarības atjaunošana de facto August Chronicles The de facto restoration of the independence of the Republic of Latvia Rīga 2016 Atzīmējot 1991. gada 21. augusta konstitucionālā likuma “Par Latvijas Republikas valstisko statusu” 25. gadadienu, grāmata izdota ar Latvijas Republikas Saeimas Prezidija atbalstu. In honour of the 25th anniversary of the adoption of the constitutional law “On the Statehood of the Republic of Latvia”, this book is published with the support of the Presidium of the Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. Sastādītājs / Compiled by Aleksandrs Mirlins Vāka foto – Augusta puča laikā pie Latvijas Republikas Augstākās Padomes sapulcējušies cilvēki. Ulda Pāžes foto, Latvijas Republikas Saeima. Cover photo – People have gathered at the Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia during the August Putsch. Photo by Uldis Pāže, Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. SATURS | CONTENTS Latvijas Republikas Saeimas priekšsēdētāja Ināra Mūrniece. Laiks, kurā atguvām Latviju . .4 Ināra Mūrniece, Speaker of the Saeima of the Republic of Latvia. The Time We Regained Latvia . .6 Dainis Īvāns. Laipni lūgti neatkarīgajā Latvijā! . .8 Dainis Īvāns. Welcome to the Independent Latvia! . .12 Dokumenti | Documents . .16 Aleksandrs Mirlins. Kā tapa “Augusta hronika” . .372 Aleksandrs Mirlins. The Making of August Chronicles . .373 August Chronicles. .374 Augusta hronika . 401 Personu rādītājs | List of persons . .429 Tematiskais rādītājs | Index . .438 Izdevuma “Janvāra hronika” labojumi un komentāri | Corrections and additional comments to “January Chronicles” . .444 Saīsinājumi | Abbreviations . .447 2 1991. gada 21. augustā konstitucionālā likuma pieņemšanas laikā Doma laukumā plosījās OMON bruņutransportieri. Notikumu attīstība vēl bija neskaidra. Preses namu, Latvijā vienīgo televīziju Zaķusalā, radio namu Doma laukumā bija sagrābuši pučisti. -
The Possibility to Create Large-Scale Regional Governments in Latvia
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Co-operative Action Programme on Local Development Economic and Employment Development EMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE IN LATVIA Radisson SAS Daugava 24 Kugu Street, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia 18 January 2005 The Possibility to Create Large-scale Regional Governments in Latvia by Ligita Začesta, Assist. Professor at Vidzeme University College and Maris Pūis, Assist. Professor at the University of Latvia The topicality of the theme is connected with the prolonged period of decision-making during which no answer has been given to the question – whether to establish the large-scale regional governments in Latvia or not. The aim of this paper is to evaluate why previous efforts to establish such type of self-government were not successful, as well as to offer a solution of the problem. This paper describes the main interest groups connected with the regional reform, the analysis of the influence of economic, social and political aspects on the establishment of regional governments of larger scale is carried out, as well as comparison with the tendencies in the countries of the European Union (EU) is made. INTRODUCTION Although the necessity of the regional reform has been recognised already in “The Concept of Self- Government Reforms”, elaborated in 1993 (The Cabinet of Ministers, 1993), also the law “On Administrative Territorial Reform”, adopted in 1998 (the Saeima (the Parliament), 1998) provided for the establishment of such a kind of local governments, as well as the Declaration of the Cabinet of Ministers of 2004 envisaged the creation of large-scale regional governments - still the political decision has not been adopted. -
Latvijas Ārlietu Simtgade
LATVIJAS ĀRLIETU SIMTGADE I SĒJUMS: IDEJAS UN PERSONĪBAS LATVIJAS ĀRLIETU SIMTGADE I SĒJUMS: IDEJAS UN PERSONĪBAS LATVIJAS ĀRLIETU SIMTGADE I SĒJUMS: IDEJAS UN PERSONĪBAS Latvijas valsts simtgade ir lielisks iemesls atskatīties uz valsts paveikto – ar lepnumu par daudzajiem sasniegumiem un paškritisku skatu uz to, kas vēl jāpadara. Šī ārlietām veltītā projekta pirmais sējums aplūko galvenos idejiskos strāvojumus Latvijas ārpolitikā un nozīmīgākās personības, kas ir tos attīstījušas. Latvijas un ārvalstu ekspertu komanda aplūko svarīgākās tendences Latvijas ārlietās Starpkaru periodā un mūsdienās, kā arī pievēršas ārpolitiskajai domāšanai trimdas un Atmodas periodā. Autori: Aldis Austers, Edijs Bošs, Raimonds Cerūzis, Mārtiņš Daugulis, Martins Hausdens, Ivars Ījabs, Didzis Kļaviņš, Andis Kudors, Džordans T. Kuks, Andrejs Plakans, Diāna Potjomkina, Gunda Reire, Andris Sprūds, Valters Ščerbinskis, Jānis Taurēns Redaktori: Diāna Potjomkina, Andris Sprūds, Valters Ščerbinskis Zinātniskie recenzenti: Ainārs Lerhis, Toms Rostoks Projektu atbalsta Latvijas Republikas Ārlietu ministrija un Latvijas Republikas Saeima Projekts tapis sadarbībā ar Nacionālo informācijas aģentūru LETA Par rakstu saturu atbild to autori. Autoru viedoklis nav uzskatāms par Latvijas Ārpolitikas institūta, projekta atbalstītāju un partneru, citu pārvaldes iestāžu vai struktūru viedokli. Vāka dizains: Līga Rozentāle Makets: Oskars Stalidzāns Tulkojumi no angļu valodas: Alise Krapāne Latviešu valodas redaktore: Līga Bērziņa ISBN 978-9984-583-85-3 © Rakstu autori, 2016 UDK -
STARPZIŅOJUMS “Administratīvo Resursu Izmantošanas Novērošana Pirms 9.Saeimas Vēlēšanām”
STARPZIŅOJUMS ªAdministratīvo resursu izmantošanas novērošana pirms 9.Saeimas vēlēšanāmº 2006.gada septembris 1 Saturs 2 Kopsavilkums Šā gada veiktās novērošanas rezultāti liecina, ka pa šo laiku ievērojami augusi politiķu un sabiedrības izpratne par valsts un pašvaldību resursu izmantošanas negodīgumu vēlēšanās. Tomēr 2006.gada pētījuma rezultāti liecina, ka arī šajās vēlēšanās administratīvo resursu izmantošana ir uzskātama par nopietnu problēmu, kas kropļo politisko konkurenci. Šajā priekšvēlēšanu kampaņā veiktie novērojumi liecina, ka valdošie politiķi savtīgiem nolūkiem visvairāk ir izmantojuši institucionālos resursus, t.i., institūcijas un amata pienākumu pildīšanai paredzētos resursus. To vidū plašāk izplatītie gadījumi saistīti ar priekšvēlēšanu aģitācijas pasākumiem valsts un pašvaldību iestādēs un valsts/ pašvaldību uzņēmumos. Cita no līdz šim mazāk izplatītām formām, taču arī īstenota uz valsts resursu rēķina, ir pseidoaptauju veidošana, kuras formālais mērķis ir uzklausīt sabiedrības viedokli. Tā piemēram, divi ministri, izmantojot savu nozares vadīto ministriju aktivitātes, izvērsa sava tēla spodrināšanas kampaņu, pievienojot anketām ministra foto vai arī īsu aprakstu par ministra dzīves gājumu. Tomēr visplašāk no institucionālo resursu klāsta šajā priekšvēlēšanu kampaņā tika manipulēts ar publiskam amatam piesaistīto autoritāti. Publiskā amata autoritāte ± vairāk izmantotais resursu veids Publiskā amata autoritāte ir ietekmīgs resurss, ko persona iegūst, stājoties amatā. Proti, šī autoritāte ir piederīga nevis personai, bet gan amatam, kas piešķir personas darbībām leģitimitāti un uzticību. Lai arī šo resursu veidu dažkārt ir grūti kvantitatīvos rādītājos izteikt, taču tā ietekme var būt daudz lielāka, kā citu resursu savtīga izmantošana. Amata autoritāte ir arī pamatā tam, kādēļ valdošo partiju pārstāvjiem jau a priori ir priekšrocība pār opozīcijas partijām vai ārpus varas esošajām partijām. Ja amatpersonas to izmanto savtīgos nolūkos, tad tiek iedragāts vienlīdzīgu vēlēšanu princips un sabiedrības leģitimitāte valsts varai. -
A History Untold by Valdis V
“Tearing Apart the Bear” and British Military Involvement in the Construction of Modern Latvia: A History Untold by Valdis V. Rundāns BASc, Waterloo, 1975 BA, Victoria, 2008 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER of ARTS in the Department of History © Valdis V. Rundāns, 2014 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Supervisory Committee “Tearing Apart the Bear” and British Military Involvement in the Construction of Modern Latvia: A History Untold by Valdis V. Rundāns BASc, Waterloo, 1975 BA, Victoria, 2008 Supervisory Committee Dr. Serhy Yekelchyk (Department of History) Supervisor Dr. Perry Biddiscombe, (Department of History) Departmental Member iii Abstract Supervisory Committee Dr Serhy Yekelchyk (Department of History) Supervisor Dr. Perry Biddiscombe (Department of History) Departmental Member Despite significant evidence to the contrary in the Latvian language, especially the memoirs of General Pēteris Radzinš, Latvians, historians included, and others, have persisted in mythologizing the military events of 8 October to 11 November 1919 in Riga as some sort of national miracle. Since this Latvian army victory, first celebrated as Lāčplēsis Day on 11 November1920, accounts of this battle have been unrepresented, poorly represented or misrepresented. For example, the 2007 historical film Rīgas Sargi (The Defenders of Riga) uses the 1888 poem Lāčplēsis by Andrējs Pumpurs as a template to portray the Latvians successfully defeating the German-Russian force on their own without Allied military aid. Pumpurs’ dream and revolutionary legacy has provided a well used script for Latvian nation building. -
Jūrniecības Gadagrāmata 2020
LATVIJAS JŪRNIECĪBAS GADAGRĀMATA 2020 LATVIJAS JŪRNIECĪBAS SAVIENĪBA LATVIJAS JŪRNIECĪBAS GADAGRĀMATA 2020 28. grāmata RĪGA 2021 Redkolēģija Antons Vjaters, Anita Freiberga Redaktore Anita Freiberga Tālr. 29229063 E-pasts: [email protected] Datorgrafika Kaspars Vēveris Pirmā vāka foto: Shutterstock.com Ilustrācijām izmantoti: Ā. Freiberga, G. Dieziņa, S. Kočānes, A. Freibergas, N. Smaļinska, R. Mūrnieka, J. Budreikas foto un foto no Ministru kabineta, Valsts prezidenta kancelejas Preses dienesta, Saeimas kancelejas, Satiksmes ministrijas, LOTLP Reklāmas komisijas, Aizsardzības ministrijas, Latvijas Jūras spēku, Rīgas vēstures un kuģniecības muzeja, Latvijas Jūras administrācijas, Latvijas Jūras akadēmijas, Liepājas Jūrniecības koledžas, “Novikontas”, “CSM Baltija”, Salacgrīvas ostas pārvaldes, Mērsraga ostas pārvaldes, Rīgas brīvostas pārvaldes, Ventspils brīvostas pārvaldes, LSEZ pārvaldes, Skultes ostas pārvaldes, “Gulf of Riga Regatta”, “Tēvijas Sarga”, “Jūras Informācijas”, “Latvijas jūrniecības gadagrāmatas”, MVPŠ Jūras spēku Mācību centra arhīva, kā arī foto no Ivara Brauna, Naura Upatnieka, Ilzes Bernsones, Ulda Kariņa, Aleksandra Nadežņikova, Edgara Gļaņenko, Ingus Bajinska, Aināra Vimbas, Imanta Nartiša, Ulda Ozola, Matīsa Stīpnieka, Ģirta Sarjas personīgā arhīva. Rakstos izmantota ES, EK, IMO, Satiksmes ministrijas, Aizsardzības ministrijas, Rīgas brīvostas, Ventspils brīvostas, LSEZ, Latvijas Jūras administrācijas žurnāla „Jūrnieks” informācija. LJA informāciju publicēšanai sagatavojusi Sarma Kočāne. Rakstus publicēšanai -
Einars Repse
Einars Repse Letonia, Primer ministro (2002-2004) Duración del mandato: November 07, 2002 - , Nacimiento: Municipalidad de Jelgava, December 09, 1961 Partido político: Por el Desarrollo de Letonia (LA); anteriormente, de Unidad (Vienotiba) y Nueva Era (JL) Profession: Ingeniero en electrónica y funcionario bancario Resumen http://www.cidob.org 1 of 7 Biografía En 1986 obtuvo el título de ingeniero electrónico por la Facultad de Física y Matemáticas de la Universidad Estatal de la entonces República Socialista Soviética Letona (RSSL) y a continuación empezó a trabajar en el departamento de proyectos de instrumental científico de la Academia de Ciencias de la RSSL, como la anterior institución sita en Riga. El 10 de julio de 1988 figuró entre los fundadores del Movimiento de la Independencia Nacional Letona (LNNK), una organización de la derecha nacionalista y antirrusa que a su vez se asoció al Frente Popular Letón (LTF), la gran coalición de fuerzas sociales y políticas fundada el 8 de octubre de 1988 para canalizar las demandas populares de la restauración de la soberanía nacional perdida en la anexión por Stalin en 1940, la retirada de las tropas ruso-soviéticas y la celebración de elecciones libres. Repse se aseguró un lugar señero en la conducción de los acontecimientos como miembro del consejo ejecutivo del LTF. El ala reformista de los propios comunistas letones, con Anatolijs Gorbunovs a la cabeza, impulsó el proceso soberanista, aunque con cautela, intentado evitar los enfrentamientos violentos con Moscú. El 18 de marzo de 1990 Repse fue uno de los 131 candidatos del LTF que obtuvo escaño en las elecciones para el Consejo Supremo de 201 miembros, en realidad el viejo Soviet Supremo convertido en Parlamento de transición durante el período de separación de la URSS. -
Latvia 1988-2015: a Triumph of the Radical Nationalists
The Baltic Centre of Historical and Socially Political Studies Victor Gushchin Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists Political support of the West for Latvian radical nationalism and neo-Nazismand the import of this ideology into Latvia after the West’s victory in the Cold War. Formation of a unipolar world led by the USA, revision of the 1945 Yalta and Potsdam treaties and the 1975 Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe as main reasons for the evolution of the Republic of Latvia of May 4th, 1990,from elimination of universal suffrage to relapse of totalitarianism: establishment of the so-called «Latvian Latvia», Russophobia, suppression of ethnic minority rights, restriction of freedom of speech and assembly, revision of the outcome of World War Two and propaganda of neo-Nazism. Riga 2017 UDK 94(474.3) “19/20” Gu 885 The book Latvia 1988-2015: a triumph of the radical nationalists» is dedicated to Latvia’s most recent history. On May 4, 1990, the Supreme Soviet (Supreme Council) of the Latvian SSR adopted the Declaration on the Restoration of Independence of the Latvian Republic without holding a national referendum, thus violating the acting Constitution. Following this up on October 15, 1991, the Supreme Soviet deprived more than a third of its own electorate Latvia 1988 - 2015: of the right to automatic citizenship. As a result, one of the most fundamental principles of a triumph of the radical nationalists democracy, universal suffrage, was eliminated. Thereafter, the Latvian parliament, periodically re-elected in conditions where a signif- icant part of country’s inhabitants lack the right to participate in elections, has been adopting Book 1. -
Latvia's 15 Years in the European Union
THE DILIGENT TEENAGER: LATVIA’S 15 YEARS IN THE LATVIA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 15 YEARS EUROPEAN UNION Photo 1 Fifteen years ago, on 1 May 2004, Latvia The day of the EU enlargement. On 1 May joined the European Union (EU), thus closing 2004, ten countries became the new EU almost ten-year long process of accession. Member States: Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Given the sensitive geo-political situation, the Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, choice in favour of Europe was self-evident, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. even though, the ideas of neutrality or closer Romano Prodi, President of the European Commission, Pat Cox, President of the cooperation with the Commonwealth of European Parliament and many EU Heads of Independent States originally emerged in the State and Government, including President political environment. However, the history Vaira-Vīķe Freiberga, attended the official was still alive in people’s memories, and it enlargement ceremony in Dublin. also determined the fate of Latvia in favour of Photo: The European Community, Maxwell’s, integration into the EU, by choosing the so- Irish Presidency called ‘return to Europe’. When regaining independence, Latvia based its statehood on the values of the republic proclaimed in 1918, providing that Latvia is an independent, democratic and parliamentary state. Accession to the EU provided for the strengthening of these values, by incorporating in the family of western democratic states, as well as the economic prosperity, well-being and security of Latvia by cooperating with like-minded countries. It would be difficult to challenge this choice now: the EU is the largest trading Photo 1 bloc in the world, the euro is the second largest currency in the world, the EU is a global leader in combating climate change the most developed countries by the Human and providing development aid; its population Development Index of the United Nations has almost the highest life expectancy in Organization. -
Economic, Agricultural, Environmental and Regional Policy
Economic, Agricultur al, Environmental and Regional Policy Committee This standing committee of the Saeima was established during the 5th convo- cation of the Saeima in 1993. During the 9th convocation there was a pe- riod from November 2006 to late 2008, when the Committee was split into two separate committees: the Economic Committee and the Agricultural, Envi- ronmental and Regional Policy Com- mittee. Since 2009 the two committees are reunited under the name of the Economic, Agricultural, Environmen- tal and Regional Policy Committee (hereinafter – Committee). Currently the Committee consists of 13 members. The Committee deliberates issues per- Krišjānis Feldmans, chairman of the Economic, Agricultural, Environmental and taining to economy, including agricul- Regional Policy Committee ture, construction, energy, communi- cations, transport (land, air, maritime, laws together with representatives of so- issues within the scope of the commit- as well as governance of sea ports), ciety. Where appropriate, draft laws are tees’ competence, as well as to exchange environmental protection and regional submitted to a relevant subcommittee information. economic policy. Furthermore, the or an ad-hoc working group for prelimi- In the area of external policy, the Com- Committee covers such areas as trade, nary drafting. Working groups comprise mittee maintains contacts with rel- advertising, protection of consumer members of the Committee, representa- evant parliamentary committees from rights, commerce, competition, public tives of relevant line ministries, the Lat- other countries and the European Par- procurement, regulation of public ser- vian Association of Local and Regional liament. Submissions, complaints and vices, governance of public enterprises, Governments, non-governmental or- proposals are examined according to privatisation, land use, tourism, safety ganisations, as well as relevant experts. -
Briefing No 10 Latvia and the Enlargement of the European Union
Briefing No 10 Latvia and the Enlargement of the European Union The views expressed in this document are not necessarily those held by the European Parliament as an institution. _____________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS I. SUMMARY II. POLITICAL SITUATION a) Recent History b) Institutions c) Recent developments III. ECONOMIC SITUATION a) Introduction b) Economic performance c) Economic policy d) External economic relations IV. RELATIONS WITH THE EU AND ENLARGEMENT a) Commission b) European Parliament c) Council of Ministers and European Council ANNEX __________________________________________________________________ I. SUMMARY This year has so far seen the instability that has characterised much of Latvia's political life since regaining its independence continue. Prime Minister Andris Skele resigned in April amid disquiet over his handling of aspects of the privatisation process. His replacement is Andris Berzins, the former mayor of Riga, who leads a coalition with similar support in the Saeima. The big positive event for Latvia has been the opening of accession negotiations with the EU. Negotiations started on eight chapters in March, and by the end of the Portuguese Presidency, five of those chapters had been concluded for the time being. The Latvian President, Varia Vike -Freiberga has indicated that Latvia would like to complete accession negotiations by 2003, in order to join the EU in 2005. II. POLITICAL SITUATION a) Recent history During the middle ages, Latvia was occupied by changing foreign rulers who were interested in the country's strategic location for commerce and its largely ice-free coastline. Most of Latvia came under Russian domination in 1771 under the Treaty of Nystad. Eastern Latgale became part of Russian territory the following year as a result of the first partition of Poland, while the Third Partition, in 1795, added the Duchy of Courland to the Russian empire. -
The Centenary of Latvia's Foreign Affairs
THE CENTENARY OF LATVIA’S FOREIGN AFFAIRS IDEAS AND PERSONALITIES THE CENTENARY OF LATVIA’S FOREIGN AFFAIRS IDEAS AND PERSONALITIES THE CENTENARY OF LATVIA’S FOREIGN AFFAIRS IDEAS AND PERSONALITIES The upcoming centennial of Latvia’s statehood provides an important occasion to reflect on the country’s international achievements and offer a self-critical look at what remains to be done. This publication identifies main currents in Latvia’s foreign policy thinking and the most remarkable individuals that contributed to shaping them. A team of local and foreign experts reviews key ideational trends in Latvia’s foreign policy during the Interwar period and today, as well as assesses the trajectories of thinking during the periods of exile and regaining independence. Authors: Aldis Austers, Edijs Bošs, Raimonds Cerūzis, Mārtiņš Daugulis, Martyn Housden, Ivars Ījabs, Didzis Kļaviņš, Jordan T. Kuck, Andis Kudors, Andrejs Plakans, Diāna Potjomkina, Gunda Reire, Andris Sprūds, Valters Ščerbinskis, Jānis Taurēns Editors: Diāna Potjomkina, Andris Sprūds, Valters Ščerbinskis Scientific reviewers: Ainārs Lerhis, Toms Rostoks This project was made possible thanks to support from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia and the Saeima of the Republic of Latvia The project was completed in cooperation with National Information Agency LETA The respective authors are accountable for the content of individual articles. The opinions expressed by the authors should not be construed as representing those of the Latvian Institute of International Affairs, project supporters or partners, other government institutions or entities. Cover design: Līga Rozentāle Layout: Oskars Stalidzāns Translations from Latvian: Alise Krapāne, Jurijs Saveļjevs, Pāvels Smišļājevs English language editor (select chapters): Dillon J.