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Latin America Confronts the United States: Asymmetry and Influence Tom Long Index More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12124-9 - Latin America Confronts the United States: Asymmetry and Influence Tom Long Index More information Index Act of Bogota(´ 1960), 66–69, 72, 220 Betancourt, Romulo,´ 35, 43, 57 agenda-setting strategies, 72, 84, 87, 110, 126, Biden, Joe, 206, 210 213, 215, 220, 229, 232 Blanco Mendoza, Herminio, 132, 145, 148, Ahumada, Adolfo, 75, 84, 100–101, 107 151, 155–157, 167 Albright, Madeleine, 185, 201, 204–205, 210, Bolivia, 11, 43, 51, 223, 234 211 and drug trafficking, 179 Alliance for Progress, 24, 27, 67–69, 210, 221, Eisenhower policy to, 35, 70 227–230 Bonsal, Philip, 59 and OPA, 68 Boyd, Aquilino, 110 Alvarez´ Machaın,´ Humberto, 141 appointed foreign minister, 109 Amaral do Peixoto, Ernani, 37, 54 at the UNSC, 86 Anderson, Robert B., 47–48 meeting with Vance, 112 and canal negotiations, 80, 84–87 resignation of, 112 replaced as canal envoy, 92–94 Brady Plan, 135 Arbenz, Jacobo, 40 Brady, Nicholas, 135 Argentina, 9, 23, 81, 92 Brasilia and OPA, 26–27, 30–34, 42–43, 51, 53–55, construction of, 45, 56, 60 57, 66, 73 Eisenhower visit to, 59, 61 role of military, 54 Brazil Arias, Arnulfo, 80–81 and Inter-American Development Bank, Aspe, Pedro, 132–133, 138, 151 52–55 and debt crisis, 135 and IMF, 56–58 asymmetry, 3, 217–220, 227, 230, 235 and OPA, 39–52, 56–73, 223 and NAFTA, 172 1964 coup, 67 and Plan Colombia, 201, 214–215 debt (1950s), 36, 37, 53, 56–58 development policy (1950s), 27, 30–31, 36, Baker, James, 134, 140, 143, 153, 171–172 45–49, 53 Barletta, Nicolas´ Ardito, 99, 107, 119–123 diplomacy in Latin America, 26–28, 41–45, Batista, Fulgencio, 52 72 Bay of Pigs, 1 economic aid, 72 Begin, Menachem, 123 IR scholarship on, 8–9 Bell, Morey, 91–94, 98, 100–104 relations with U.S., 27–29, 31, 33–37, Bentsen, Lloyd, 165, 168–169 46–51, 59–68, 220–225 251 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12124-9 - Latin America Confronts the United States: Asymmetry and Influence Tom Long Index More information 252 Index Brazil (cont.) and canal treaties ratification, 122–125, 220 role of military (1950s), 30, 31, 35, 56, 69, and canal negotiations, 84, 113–120, 70 126–127, 230–232 Briggs, Ellis O., 35–36, 40, 47, 54 and NAFTA, 168 Brown, George, 112 and sea-level canal, 120–121 Brown, Harold, 112 communications with Torrijos, 114, 120 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 116 emphasis on Panama Canal, 24, 110–111, Buchanan, Pat, 166–167 128, 231 Buenos Aires Economic Conference (1957), primaries and Panama Canal, 108–109 35, 44 Castro, Fidel, 11, 22, 52, 57, 59, 64, 67, 73, Bunau-Varilla, Philippe, 78 75, 228 Bunker, Ellsworth and Colombian conflict, 176 and Tack-Kissinger, 94–96 call for development fund, 54 named negotiator for Canal Treaties, 93 meeting with Torrijos, 107 negotiator under Nixon, 94–99 Chavez,´ Hugo, 75, 234 negotiator under Ford, 99–108, 111, 127 Chiari, Roberto, 79 negotiator under Carter, 111, 113–114, Chile, 1, 81, 122 117, 119, 122 and OPA, 43, 52–53, 57 Bush, George H.W., 133 China and Gulf War, 148 and Panama Canal, 87 and NAFTA, 129, 141–144, 147, 154, 156, Christopher, Warren, 115 158, 161, 166, 168, 220 CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency and war on drugs, 180 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty (1850), 77 as UN ambassador, 86, 88 Clinton, Bill interest in Mexico, 133, 140–141, 163 and Colombia, 175, 184–187, 199–204, preinaugural meeting with Salinas, 134 208, 215, 221, 234 pre-presidential views on trade, 134, early position on NAFTA, 161–162 171 election of, 162 rapport with Salinas, 135, 144, 153, 157, support for NAFTA, 167–168 162 visit to Colombia, 209–210 Bush, George W., 7 cocaine. See drug trafficking and Colombia, 212, 234 COECE. See Coordinadora de Organismos de Comercio Exterior Cabot, John Moors, 58 coffee, 30, 36, 39, 51–52, 59 Cafe´ Filho, Joao,˜ 30 Cohen, William, 191 Caldera, Louis, 207 Colombia Callaghan, James, 123 and decertification, 180–181, 195, 207 Camarena, Enrique, 141, 172 and drug trafficking, 179–188, 195, 199, Campbell, Kim, 165 201, 214–215, 221, 234–235 Canada and OPA, 23–24, 32, 36, 42–47, 51, 53, conflicts in negotiations, 155–157, 160 60–61, 65, 73 initial response to NAFTA, 142–143 and Panamanian independence, 76–78 position on NAFTA side agreements, 164 and the Panama Canal, 77–78, 103, 114 Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement, 140, 142, Department of National Planning, 191–192, 144–145, 148 199–200 and dispute resolution, 158–160 despeje, 176, 185, 188, 190–191, 194, 205, and energy, 152 209, 212, 214–215, 221 Caracas attack on Nixon, 26 economic development, 61 Cardenas,´ Cuauhtemoc,´ 133 economic problems (1990s), 174, 181, 183, Cardenas,´ Lazaro,´ 133 185 Cardenas,´ Mauricio, 193 IR scholarship on, 9–10 Carter, Jimmy paramilitaries, 174, 181, 185, 189–190, and canal treaties signing, 74–75, 122 195, 199, 206, 208, 212–213 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12124-9 - Latin America Confronts the United States: Asymmetry and Influence Tom Long Index More information Index 253 Colombia (cont.) Cuban Revolution, 68–71 peace process. See Pastrana, Andres´ CUSFTA. See Canada-U.S. Free Trade negotiations with FARC Agreement state weakness (1990s), 174, 178, 181, 185, 191, 193, 199, 201, 213–215, 222 Daley, William, 167–168 traditional foreign policy, 178 Danforth, John, 164 Colombian Air Force de la Madrid, Miguel, 130 and Plan Colombia, 211–212 choice of Salinas, 133 Colombian Army, 174, 234 economic policies of, 132, 169 and drug trafficking, 187 de la Rosa, Diogenes,´ 96, 100 and FARC, 182–183, 186, 189–192, 195, de Lesseps, Ferdinand, 77 197, 212, 214 Dean, John, 93 and human rights, 174–175, 187, 190, 197, DeConcini, Dennis 206, 211 reservation to canal treaties, 124–125 U.S. aid to, 175, 186–188, 191, 195–197, democratization in Latin America, 38 206, 214–215, 221 Department of Defense (U.S.), 35, 93 Colombian Foreign Ministry, 191 and Colombia, 186–188, 191, 201, 214 cooperation with U.S., 188 and the Panama Canal, 82–84, 98, Colombian National Police 100–101, 104, 107 and drug trafficking, 184 Dependency theory, 8 U.S. aid to, 174, 179–180, 188, 204, 206, Diaz, Porfirio, 152 213–216 Dillon, C. Douglas, 46–50, 54, 58–59, 65–66, Commission on United States-Latin American 70–71, 228 Relations. See Linowitz Commission in Kennedy administration, 68 Committee of 21, 49–56, 60, 65, 71–72 Dodd, Christopher, 177, 202 Confederacion´ de Trabajadores Mexicanos, Dolvin, Welborn, 107, 112 141 Draper Committee, 44, 52, 71 Congress (U.S.) drug trafficking, 175, 178–179, 214–215, and CUSFTA, 158 233 and Latin America, 35, 42, 52, 70–72, 218, Dulles, Allen, 26, 36 220 Dulles, John Foster, 26, 29, 33–34, 37, 48, 54, and NAFTA, 134, 142–147, 152–157, 70–72 161–171 visit to Brazil (1958), 40, 44–45 and Panama Canal, 77, 84–85, 96, 98, 105, Dunn, James, 34 111, 122–124, 218 and Plan Colombia, 175–176, 188–189, Ecuador, 28, 43, 51, 234 194, 196, 199–207, 213, 215, 220, 235 Eisenhower, Dwight D. Lleras Camargo speech to, 61 and attack on Nixon, 37–39 Mexican lobbying of, 144–147, 166–167, and Inter-American Development Bank, 48, 170–172 50, 53 Panamanian lobbying of, 123–124 and Cuba, 57 Coordinadora de Organismos de Comercio and Lleras Camargo, 59–60 Exterior, 141–142, 150, 167 and the Panama Canal, 79, 85 Cordoba´ Montoya, JoseMar´ ıa,´ 132, 134, correspondence with Kubitschek, 39–41, 138–140, 156, 162, 173 61–63 Coverdell, Paul, 202 economic policy in Latin America, 27–29, Cuba, 7, 11, 22, 51, 57, 59–60, 62, 64, 67, 71, 70–73, 220–223, 227–230 77, 103, 107, 225, 234 meeting with Kubitschek (1956), 25–27, 33 and Panama, 99, 103, 107, 126 visit to Brazil, 59–60, 65, 67 effects of detoriating relations with U.S., 55, Eisenhower, Milton, 33, 60, 227 57, 59–60, 62, 64–65, 225, 229 and Inter-American Development Bank, response to OPA, 51, 54–55, 66–72, 228 48–49 Cuban missile crisis, 5, 11 trip to Central America (1958), 48 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-12124-9 - Latin America Confronts the United States: Asymmetry and Influence Tom Long Index More information 254 Index “Eisenhower Plan” for Latin America, 62–66 gabinete economico´ (Mexico), 137, 150–151, and Inter-American Development Bank, 154 48–49 Galan,´ Luis Carlos, 179 Eisenhower–Remon´ Treaty (1955), 79 Gaviria, Cesar,´ 180 Ejercito´ de Liberacion´ Nacional (Colombia), General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 186 Mexican accession to, 132–133, 168–170 El Salvador, 30, 53 Uruguay Round, 141–145, 148, 153, 158, Ellsberg, Daniel, 93 160, 167, 172 ELN. See Ejercito´ de Liberacion´ Nacional Generalized System of Preferences, 139, 150, (Colombia) 160–161 Emanuel, Rahm, 167 Gephardt, Richard, 147–148, 162, 164, 168 empire, 7 Gingrich, Newt, 168 Escobar Bethancourt, Romulo,´ 87, 100, 107, Gomez´ Alzate, Camilo, 194, 207 109, 112–114, 116–118, 120–123 Gonzalez´ Revilla, Nicolas, 85–86, 91, 94–97, Escobar, Pablo, 180 100, 107, 109, 112–113, 115 establishment school, 4–5, 213, 217, 226–227, Good Neighbor Policy, 4, 27, 78 230–235 Goodwin, Richard, 68, 227 European Union Gordon, Lincoln, 68 and Plan Colombia, 202, 205, 207 Gore, Al Export-Import Bank, 29, 36 and NAFTA, 168 and Inter-American Development Bank, 48, Goulart, Joao,˜ 31, 34, 38, 67 58, 70 Gravel, Mike, 120 loans to Panama, 119 Great Britain.
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