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Air and Space Power Journal: May-June 2014

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Air and Space Power Journal: May-June 2014 May–June 2014 Volume 28, No. 3 AFRP 10-1 Senior Leader Perspective Getting Our Partners Airborne ❙ 5 Training Air Advisors and Their Impact In-Theater Maj Gen Michael A. Keltz, USAF Features Joint Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance in Contested Airspace ❙ 29 Dr. Robert P. Haffa Jr. Anand Datla Nightfall ❙ 48 Machine Autonomy in Air-to-Air Combat Capt Michael W. Byrnes, USAF “Finnishing” the Force ❙ 76 Achieving True Flexibility for the Joint Force Commander Lt Col Matt J. Martin, USAF CDR Brian Rivera, USNR Maj Jussi Toivanen, Finnish Army The Air Force and Diversity ❙ 104 The Awkward Embrace Col Suzanne M. Streeter, USAF The Comanche and the Albatross ❙ 133 About Our Neck Was Hung Col Michael W. Pietrucha, USAF Religion in Military Society ❙ 157 Reconciling Establishment and Free Exercise Chaplain, Maj Robert A. Sugg, USAF 178 ❙ Book Reviews Cataclysm: General Hap Arnold and the Defeat of Japan . 178 Herman S. Wolk Reviewer: Jeff McGovern War over the Trenches: Air Power and the Western Front Campaigns, 1916–1918 . 180 E. R. Hooton Reviewer: Maj Steven J. Ayre, USAF Internal Security Services in Liberalizing States: Transitions, Turmoil, and (In)Security . 182 Joseph L. Derdzinski Reviewer: Nathan Albright Freedom’s Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II . 184 Arthur Herman Reviewer: Col John R. Culclasure, USAF, Retired Hero of the Air: Glenn Curtiss and the Birth of Naval Aviation . 187 William F. Trimble Reviewer: Lt Col Dan Simonsen, USAF, Retired The Royal Air Force in Texas: Training British Pilots in Terrell during World War II . 189 Tom Killebrew Reviewer: Capt Walter J. Darnell III, USAF Liberty’s Fallen Generals: Leadership and Sacrifice in the American War of Independence . 192 Steven E. Siry Reviewer: Jason P. Smock, MLIS The Insurgents: David Petraeus and the Plot to Change the American Way of War . 193 Fred Kaplan Reviewer: Dr. Bert Frandsen May–June 2014 Air & Space Power Journal | 2 Editorial Advisors Allen G. Peck, Director, Air Force Research Institute Gen John A. Shaud, PhD, USAF, Retired Lt Gen Bradley C. Hosmer, USAF, Retired Prof. Thomas B. Grassey, US Naval Academy Lt Col Dave Mets, PhD, USAF, Retired, School of Advanced Air and Space Studies (professor emeritus) Reviewers Dr. Kendall K. Brown Dr. Tom Keaney NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Johns Hopkins University Dr. Mark Clodfelter Col Merrick E. Krause, USAF, Retired National War College Department of Homeland Security Dr. Conrad Crane Col Chris J. Krisinger, USAF, Retired Director, US Army Military History Institute Burke, Virginia Col Dennis M. Drew, USAF, Retired Dr. Benjamin S. Lambeth USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments (professor emeritus) Mr. Douglas E. Lee Maj Gen Charles J. Dunlap Jr., USAF, Retired Air Force Space Command Duke University Dr. Richard I. Lester Col Richard L. Fullerton, USAF Eaker Center for Professional Development USAF Academy Dr. Adam Lowther Lt Col Derrill T. Goldizen, PhD, USAF, Retired Air Force Research Institute Westport Point, Massachusetts Mr. Brent Marley Col Mike Guillot, USAF, Retired Redstone Arsenal, Alabama Editor, Strategic Studies Quarterly Air Force Research Institute Mr. Rémy M. Mauduit Air Force Research Institute Dr. John F. Guilmartin Jr. Ohio State University Col Phillip S. Meilinger, USAF, Retired West Chicago, Illinois Dr. Amit Gupta USAF Air War College Dr. Richard R. Muller USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Dr. Grant T. Hammond USAF Center for Strategy and Technology Col Robert Owen, USAF, Retired Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Dr. Dale L. Hayden Air Force Research Institute Lt Col Brian S. Pinkston, USAF, MC, SFS Civil Aerospace Medical Institute Mr. James Hoffman Rome Research Corporation Dr. Steve Rothstein Milton, Florida Colorado Springs Science Center Project Dr. Thomas Hughes Lt Col Reagan E. Schaupp, USAF USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Naval War College Lt Col Jeffrey Hukill, USAF, Retired Col Richard Szafranski, USAF, Retired Curtis E. LeMay Center for Doctrine Development Isle of Palms, South Carolina and Education Lt Col Edward B. Tomme, PhD, USAF, Retired Lt Col J. P. Hunerwadel, USAF, Retired CyberSpace Operations Consulting Curtis E. LeMay Center for Doctrine Development and Education Dr. Christopher H. Toner University of St. Thomas Dr. Mark P. Jelonek, Col, USAF, Retired Lt Col David A. Umphress, PhD, USAFR, Retired Aerospace Corporation Auburn University Col John Jogerst, USAF, Retired Col Mark E. Ware, USAF, Retired Navarre, Florida Twenty-Fourth Air Force Mr. Charles Tustin Kamps Dr. Harold R. Winton USAF Air Command and Staff College USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies May–June 2014 Air & Space Power Journal | 3 Chief of Staff, US Air Force Gen Mark A. Welsh III Commander, Air Education and Training Command Gen Robin Rand Commander and President, Air University Lt Gen David S. Fadok http://www.af.mil Director, Air Force Research Institute Allen G. Peck Editor and Chief of Professional Journals Lt Col Michael S. Tate Managing Editor L. Tawanda Eaves Professional Staff Marvin W. Bassett, Contributing Editor http://www.aetc.randolph.af.mil Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator L. Susan Fair, Illustrator Vivian O’Neal, Prepress Production Manager Billy Barth, Electronic Publication Manager The Air and Space Power Journal (ISSN 1554-2505), Air Force Recurring Publication 10-1, published electroni- cally bimonthly, is the professional journal of the United States Air Force. It is designed to serve as an open fo- rum for the presentation and stimulation of innovative thinking on military doctrine, strategy, force structure, http://www.au.af.mil readiness, and other matters of national defense. The views and opinions expressed or implied in the Journal are those of the authors and should not be construed as carrying the official sanction of the Department of Defense, Air Force, Air Education and Training Com- Air and Space Power Journal mand, Air University, or other agencies or departments 155 N. Twining Street of the US government. Maxwell AFB AL 36112-6026 Articles in this edition may be reproduced in whole or in e-mail: [email protected] part without permission. If they are reproduced, the Air Visit Air and Space Power Journal online at and Space Power Journal requests a courtesy line. http://www.au.af.mil/au/afri/aspj/. Senior Leader Perspective Getting Our Partners Airborne Training Air Advisors and Their Impact In-Theater Maj Gen Michael A. Keltz, USAF ost Americans would be surprised to learn that US Air Force (USAF) members fly Russian-made Mi-17 transport helicop- ters and that a few have even flown Mi-35 gunships. USAF Maircrew and maintenance personnel will also soon fly and maintain the Embraer / Sierra Nevada A-29 Super Tucano light attack aircraft and a special-mission variant of the Pilatus PC-12—and will continue to do so for years to come. The origins of these programs can be traced to 2007, when the Department of Defense (DOD) developed a plan to build airpower capabilities in the Iraqi and Afghan air forces. For Af- ghanistan, the concept of operations proposed the acquisition of 149 Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed or implied in the Journal are those of the authors and should not be construed as carry- ing the official sanction of the Department of Defense, Air Force, Air Education and Training Command, Air University, or other agencies or departments of the US government. This article may be reproduced in whole or in part without permission. If it is reproduced, theAir and Space Power Journal requests a courtesy line. May–June 2014 Air & Space Power Journal | 5 Senior Leader Perspective rotary- and fixed-wing aircraft for training and a variety of operational missions. This proposal identified the need for an initial contingent of 600 USAF personnel—a number that would increase with growing de- mand in Afghanistan—to train and advise Iraqi and Afghan partners. Accordingly, the directive called for a capability to train USAF person- nel in the air-advising mission prior to deployment. Although Air Force Special Operations Command had been providing this type of training for special operations forces (SOF), no such training existed for these conventional General Purpose Forces (GPF) Airmen. Existing ground-centric, predeployment training centers and SOF aviation- related training venues were at capacity. Consequently, in March 2007, the chief of staff of the Air Force directed Air Education and Training Command (AETC) to establish a permanent AETC-led predeployment training detachment, the Air Advisor Academy (AAA), to prepare air advisors to serve in this capacity.1 Photo courtesy of Lt Col Scott Voskovitch, USAF The Iraqi Air Force flies the C-208B as a flying training platform. Modified versions perform special missions. (From “AC-208 Combat Caravan Light Attack Aircraft, Iraq,” airforce-technology.com, http://www.airforce -technology.com/projects/ac-208-combat-caravan/.) May–June 2014 Air & Space Power Journal | 6 Senior Leader Perspective Air Advisor Academy Since the inception of the AAA in 2007, this AETC schoolhouse has educated and trained more than 4,300 students. Now fully operational at Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst in New Jersey, the AAA has the capacity to train up to 1,500 students per year, producing 1,227 gradu- ates in 2013. The school provides education and training in three ar- eas: (1) air-advising core skills; (2) language, region, and culture; and (3) advanced force-protection skills, referred to as “fieldcraft.” AETC of- fers eight different AAA training courses for Airmen deploying to per- missive, uncertain, and hostile environments in any region across the globe; furthermore, it can tailor these courses in accordance with par- ticular customer requirements. Airmen preparing to serve as aircrew and maintenance air advisors in Iraq and Afghanistan must complete a five-week hostile-environment course.
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