Autumn / Autumn Winter 2016 The Journal of the JAPCC – Transforming Joint Air Power Air Joint Transforming – Journal of the JAPCC The Edition 23, Autumn/ Winter 2016 PAGE 6 PAGE 63 PAGE 104 NATO Air Power – A400M – Defending NATO The Last Word Europe’s Interoperability Aviation Capabilities By General (ret.) Poster Child? Against Cyber Attack Edition 23 Edition Frank Gorenc, USAF The JAPCC invites you to attend the 2017 Air and Space Power Conference from 10 –12 October 2017, Messe Essen, Germany. We hope to see you there ! Watch www.japcc.org/conference for updates ! Editorial 2016 was an extremely fruitful year for the JAPCC. This range of issues is well reflected in the broad While we continued our core business as NATO’s selection of essays provided by external and inter- catalyst for the improvement and transformation nal subject matter experts for this Journal issue. of Joint Air and Space Power; some significant pro- jects were completed and many new inter esting In the opening article of this edition, General work strands were initiated. Our ongoing efforts to ( retired) Frank Gorenc, the JAPCC Director from improve cooperation amongst NATO, EU and na- August 2013 to August 2016, shares a few tional air and space organizations continue to bear thoughts about the roles of air power, alliances fruit, evidenced by expanding participation in our and coalitions in the future, intending to inspire annual Think Tank Forum and Joint Air and Space and promote the air power dialogue necessary Power Network Meeting. With Denmark joining to achieve future NATO and national aspirations. the team this year, the JAPCC gained its 16th spon- I am further more proud to report that Lieutenant soring nation, which underscores the JAPCC’s value General Michael J. Hood, Commander of the Royal to a growing number of Alliance nations. Canadian Air Force (RCAF), gave us an interview in which he explains his five main goals amongst At the annual JAPCC Conference in October we which much importance is attached to NATO had great discussions with many distinguished integration and coordination. speakers and guests about the future challenges that Allied air and space power may face operat- Thank you for taking the time to read this edition ing in a degraded environment, a likely scenario of our Journal. I congratulate the authors on their raised at the most recent NATO Summit in Warsaw. contributions and I strongly encourage our readers Another outgrowth of recent NATO summits is to consider sharing your thoughts as you go forth the development of a Joint Air Power Strategy and advocate for Air Power. The JAPCC team (JAPS) for NATO. The JAPCC has been heavily in- greatly appreciates your feedback and thoughts. volved this year in Phase I of the JAPS drafting, and Please visit our website at www.japcc.org, like us the Executive Director initiated a high-level study on LinkedIn or Facebook, or follow us on Twitter this fall entitled ‘Joint Air Power following the to tell us what you think. 2016 Warsaw Summit – The Most Pressing Joint Air Power Strategic Priorities’, which will be con- ducted by a team of renowned experts and will in fluence haseP II of the JAPS development. It is my great pleasure to present you the 23rd Edition Madelein Spit The JAPCC invites you to attend the of the JAPCC Journal. Themes that permeated the Air Commodore, NLD AF JAPCC’s program of work throughout 2016 include: Assistant Director, JAPCC challenges posed by contemporary and prospec- tive threat environments, the future role of air and 2017 Air and Space Power Conference space power, and the requirements for develop- ing modern, efficient, interoperable capabilities to include the associated education and training. from 10 –12 October 2017, Messe Essen, Germany. The Journal of the JAPCC welcomes unsolicited manuscripts. We hope to see you there ! Please e-mail submissions to: [email protected] We encourage comments on the articles in order to promote discussion concerning Air and Space Power. Current and past JAPCC Journal issues can be downloaded from www.japcc.org/journals The Journal of the JAPCC Römerstraße 140 | D - 47546 Kalkar | Germany Watch www.japcc.org/conference for updates ! 6 45 57 Table of Contents Transformation and Capabilities The Future NATO Rotorcraft Force Capability Requirements through 2030 NATO Air Power – 57 and Beyond 6 The Last Word By General (ret.) Frank Gorenc, USAF Viewpoints The Royal Canadian Air Force and NATO A400M: Europe’s Interoperability 15 Interview with Lt Gen Michael J. Hood 63 Poster Child? A Heavily Critiqued European Program Optical Data Links for Aerial Applications Leads the Way for Allied Interoperability 22 Promising Technology and Crisis Response Capability for Future RPA Operations Countering Anti-Access / Area Denial Considerations for Employment of the 69 Future Capability Requirements in NATO 30 F-35B in Amphibious Operations Preparing for a ‘Single European Sky’ Managing Space Education and 79 Military Prompted to Adapt to Future Air 38 Training in NATO Traffic Management The JAPCC’s New Role as the Department Head for Space The Value of Common 85 Air Transport Training Looking Up Together A Glance at the European Advanced 45 Multinational Space Surveillance and Airlift Tactics Training Course Tracking Initiatives from a NATO Perspective Out of the Box NATO Deployable Airbase 52 Activation Modules NATO Air Policing Against Paving the Way Towards a NATO 90 Unmanned Aircraft Deployable Airbase Considerations for a New Approach 4 JAPCC | Journal Edition 23 | 2016 | Table of Contents Imprint: Transforming Joint Air Power: The Journal of the JAPCC Director Joint Air Power Competence Centre Gen Tod D. Wolters 15 Executive Director Joint Air Power Competence Centre Lt Gen Joachim Wundrak Editor Air Cdre Madelein M.C. Spit Assistant Editor Lt Col Martin Menzel Production Manager / Advertising Manager Mr Simon Ingram Editorial Review Team 96 Col Brad Bredenkamp Col Lee Wingfield Copyrights Ad 45: © NASA Lt Col Martin Menzel Ad 6: © Northrop Grumman Ad 57: © Public Domain Ms Diane Libro Ad 15: © 2014 DND-MDN Canada Ad 96: © Jorgen Nilsson Front Cover: A400M: © Crown Copyright, Sky: tool51 / shutterstock Releasable to the Public This Journal is the professional publi- cation of the JAPCC and aims to serve Swedish Tactical Aerial as a forum for the presen ta tion and Reconnaissance and NATO 96 stimulation of inno vative thinking on Past, Present and Future Air and Space Power related issues such as doctrine, strategy, force structure and readiness. To find out more, access Defending NATO’s Aviation the JAPCC website at www.japcc.org. 104 Capabilities from Cyber Attack Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed or Inside the JAPCC implied in The Journal of the JAPCC are those of the authors concerned and Development of a NATO should not be construed as carrying Joint Air Power Strategy 111 the official sanction of NATO. Reactivation of All articles within this issue not bearing a Aircraft Cross-Servicing copyright notice may be reproduced in whole or in part without further per- Future Unmanned System mission. Articles bearing a copy right Technologies – Legal notice may be reproduced for any NATO and Ethical Implications of purpose without permission. Increasing Automation If any article is being reproduced, The Joint Air & Space Power Journal of the JAPCC requests a courtesy Conference 2016 – Preparing line. To obtain permission for the repro- NATO for Joint Operations duction of material bearing a copyright notice for other than NATO purposes, in a Degraded Environment contact the author of the material rather than The Journal of the JAPCC. Book Reviews Denotes images digitally manipulated ‘Iraqi Air Power Reborn – 115 The Iraqi Air Arms Since 2004’ ‘The Transformation of War’ JAPCC | Journal Edition 23 | 2016 | Table of Contents 5 © NATO HQ AIRCOM © NATO General Gorenc relinquishes command, handing the AIRCOM flag to General Scaparotti (Supreme Allied Commander Europe), on 11 August, 2016. NATO Air Power The Last Word By General (ret.) Frank Gorenc, USAF ‘If we lose the war in the air, we lose the war and August, 2016, I had the opportunity to lead and help we lose it quickly.’ organize, train, equip, deploy, and employ the US and General Bernard Law Montgomery, SHAPE Deputy NATO air component. Hopefully, my thoughts will in- SACEUR 1951 – 1958 spire and promote the air power dialogue necessary to achieve future NATO and national aspirations. My three-year tour as the commander of NATO Allied Air Command, US Air Forces in Europe, US Air Forces in During my tour, unforeseen challenges unfolded Africa and Director of the Joint Air Power Competence across Europe, Africa and the Levant at a speed and Centre has come to a close and I wanted to share a few intensity that no one could have predicted. When I thoughts about the role of airpower, alliances, and took command, final planning for the Afghanistan coalitions in the future. From August, 2013 through mission transition was in full swing. The shift from 6 JAPCC | Journal Edition 23 | 2016 | Leadership Perspective NATO’s full combat operations to a train, advise and Partly as a result of these NATO initiatives, the United assist role dominated the conversation for the Afghan States significantly invested in infrastructure improve- mission partners. Most were optimistic that the long ments and more robust training thanks to European awaited transition would allow all services in all coun- Reassurance Initiative (ERI) funding. tries the opportunity to rest, reconstitute, re-equip and shift focus to regaining full spectrum combat All the while, President Putin focused on reaffirming readiness. Unfortunately, that opportunity did not Russia as a ‘great power’. Russia’s response to NATO materialize as we hoped. Just a few months later, by included increasing activity in the air, land, sea, and April 2014, we were all witness to a resurgent Russia cyberspace domains.