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Illustrations Illustrations BOOK ONE FOLLOWING PAGE 338 I. Mid-seventeenth-century map of Asia 2. Willem Blaeu's map of Asia 3. Map of the Mughul Empire, from Dapper's Asia, 1681 4. South and Southeast Asia, fromJohan Blaeu's Atlas major, 1662 5. Ceylon and the Maldives, from Sanson d'Abbeville's L'Asie, 1652 6. Continental Southeast Asia, from Morden's Geography Rectified, 1688 7. Course of the Menam, from La Loubere's Du royaume de Siam, 1691 8. Malacca and its environs, from Dampier's Voyages, 1700 9. The Moluccas, from Blaeu's Atlas major 10. Asia from Bay of Bengal to the Marianas, from Thevenot's Relations, 1666 II. Japan and Korea, from Blaeu's Atlas major 12. Harbor of Surat 13· Dutch factory at Surat 14· Market at Goa 15· English fort at Bombay 16. Harbor and wharf of Arakan 17· Batavia, ca. 1655 18. Amboina and its inhabitants 19· Dutch factory at Banda 20. Tidore and its fort 21. Dutch envoys in Cambodia 22. Fort Zeelandia in Taiwan 23· Dutch ambassadors in Peking, 1656 [xvii] Illustrations 24. Macao 25. Canton 26. Dutch factory at Hirado 27. Dutch factory on Deshima 28. Palanquins 29. Merchants of Bantam 30. Man and woman of Goa 3 I. Chinese merchant couple ]2. Dutch fleet before Bantam in 1596 33. Thee (tea), or cha, bush 34. King of Ternate's banquet for the Dutch, 1601 35. Coins of Siam 36. 1601 Malay-Latin vocabulary 37. 1672 Oriental-Italian vocabulary 38. Warehouse and shipyard of Dutch East India Company in Amsterdam 39. Old East India House in London 40. East India House in Amsterdam 41. East Indian birds 42. Japanese converts suspended head down 43. Execution of three Japanese converts 44. A Japanese crucifixion 45. Preparation for an execution by suspension 46. Persecution of Christians in Japan 47. Christians being burned alive 48. Suspension of a Christian 49. Torture of Christians at Arima 50. Portrait ofJohann Adam Schall as court mandarin 51. Miraculous cross of Thomas the Apostle at Mylapore 52. Portrait of Matteo Ricci and his convert Paul 53. Portrait of Nicolas Trigault 54. Frontispiece, Gian Filippo de Marini, Delle missioni, 1663 55. Title page, Trigault, Christiana expeditione, 1615 56. Title page, Trigault, Christian is triumphis, 1623 57. Title page, Luis de Guzman, Historia de las missiones, 1601 58. Title page, Declaration Given by the Chinese Emperour Kam Hi in the Year 1700 59. Title page, Nicolas Pimenta, Epistola, 160I 60. Title page, Johann Adam Schall, Historica relatio, 1672 61. Title page, Trigault, Vita Gasparis Barzaei, 1610 62. Title page and another page from Antonio de Gouvea, Innocentia victrix, 1671 63. Portrait of Philippus Baldaeus 64. Portrait of Wouter Schouten 65. Portrait ofJohann Nieuhof [xviii] Illustrations 66. Portrait of Alvarez Semedo 67. Portrait ofJean de Thevenot 68. Frontispiece, Olfert Dapper, Asia, 1681 69. Frontispiece, Johann Nieuhof, GesandtschajJt, 1666 70. Frontispiece,]. T. and]. l. De Bry, India orientalis, 1601 71. Frontispiece, Johann von der Behr, Diarium, 1669 72. Title page of Regni Chinensis descriptio, with Chinese landscape painting, 1639 73. Title page, Edward Terry, Voyage to East India, 1655 74. Title page, Johan van Twist, Generale beschrijvinge van Indien, 1648 75. Title page, Johan Albrecht von Mandelslo, Ein Schreiben, 1645 76. Title page, Philippe de Sainte-Trinite, Orientalische Reisebeschreibung, 1671 77. Frontispiece, ibid. 78. Title page, Giuseppe di Santa Maria Sebastiani, Seconde speditione, 1672 79. Title page, Giovanni Filippo Marini, Historia, 1665 80. Title page, Louis Le Compte, Memoirs and Observations, 1697 81. Title page, Robert Knox, Historical Relation of the Island ceylon, 1681 82. Title page, Adam Olearius, OjJt begehrte Beschreibung der cewen orientalischen Reise, 1647 83. Title page, Bernhard Varen, Descriptio Regni Japoniae et Siam, 1673 84. Title page, Simon de La Loubere, Du royaume de Siam, 1691 85. Title page, Gabriel Dellon, History of the Inquisition at Goa, 1688 86. Title page, Athanasius Kircher, China illustrata, 1667 87. Portrait of Athanasius Kircher 88. Title page, Johann Jacob Saar, Ost-Indianische fonfzehen-jiihrige Kriegs- Dienste, 1672 89. Title page, Abbe Carre, Voyage des Indes Orientales, 1699 90. Title page, Pietro Della Valle, Travels, 1665 91. Title page, Johann von der Behr, Diarium, oder Tage-Buch, 1668 92. Title page, Gotthard Arthus, Historia Indiae Orientalis, 1668 93. Title page, David Haex, Dictionarium Malaico-Latinum et Latino- Malaicum, 163 I 94. Title page, Nicolaas Witsen, Noord en Oost Tartarye, 1692 95. Title page, Thomas Herbert, Some Yeares Travels, 1638 96. Title page, A. andJ. Churchill, Collection of Voyages and Travels, 1744 97. Frontispiece, Arnoldus Montanus, Die Gesantschaften an die Keiser van Japan, 1669 98. Title page, Willem Lodewyckszoon, Premier livre, 1609 99. Malay-Latin phrases from Haex's Dictionarium 100. Malay-Latin wordlist (ibid.) 101. German-Malay wordlist from Dapper's Beschreibung, 1681 102. Portrait of Edward Terry [xix] Illustrations 103. Portrait of Giovanni Francesco Gemelli Careri 104. Portrait of Sir Thomas Roe 105. Portrait ofJar is van Spilbergen 106. Portrait of Ove Gjedde BOOK TWO FOLLOWING PAGE 756 Introduction: The Mughul Empire on European Printed Maps 107. Map of the Mughul Empire, from Terry's Voyage, 1655 108. Map of the Mughul Empire, from Sanson d'Abbeville's L'Asie, 1652 109. Map of the Mughul Empire, from Blaeu's Asia major, 1662 110. Map of the Mughul Empire, from Melchisedech Thevenot's Relations, 1663 III. Map of Kashmir, from Bernier's Voyages, 1723 112. Portrait of Akbar 113. Indian paintings ofJahangir, Khurram, and slave 114. The same Mughul miniatures in a French translation I 15. Prince Salim, or Jahangir 116. Nur Mahal, Jahangir's empress 117. SealofJahangir, from Purchas 118. SealofJahangir, by a French engraver 119, 120, 121. Portrait, standard, and seal ofJahangir 122. Aurangzib in camp 123. Mughul court at Agra 124. Woman and man of Surat 125. Court and throne of "Great Mogul" at Lahore 126. Wrestlers of Surat 127. Fakirs under a banyan tree 128. Means of transport in Sind 129. Elements of Sanskrit 130. Hook-swinging 13 I. Yogi austerities 132. Festival of Hassan and Hossein 133. Brahma, the Creator Introduction to seventeenth-century printed maps of South India 134. Map of South India 135. Map of places in India 136. South India and its periphery 137. Frontispiece, Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede, Hortus indicus malabaricus, 1678 138. Frontispiece, Willem Piso, De Indiae utriusque re naturali et medica, 1658 [xx] Illustrations 139. Malabar (Tamil) alphabet 140. Malabar vowels 141. Malabar cyphers 142. Letter from Brahmans of Malabar in the Malayalam language 143. Letter of Emanuel Carneiro in Malayalam 144. Letter of "Itti Achudem" in Malayalam 145. Portrait ofJohn Fryer 146. Title page, Fryer, A New Account, 1698 147. Specimen of "Malabar" script 148. The Zamorin's palace at Calicut 149. The Zamorin and his palace 150. "Ixora" (Siva) 1 5 I. Ganesha, son of Siva 152. Ten avatars of Vishnu 153. "Nareen," first avatar according to Kircher 154. "Ramchandra," the Embodiment of Righteousness 155. "Narseng," the Man-Lion avatar I 56. The goddess "Bhavani," the ninth avatar 157. The horse avatar 158. Vishnu: the fish incarnation, from Baldaeus 159. The tortoise incarnation 160. Boar incarnation 161. Man-Lion incarnation 162. The Dwarf, or fifth avatar 163. Rama-with-the-Ax 164. Ravana in Lanka: Ramachandra, the Embodiment of Righteousness 165. Eighth avatar: Krishna 166. Buddha as ninth avatar 167. Kalki, or tenth avatar 168. Frontispiece, Baldaeus, Ajgoderye der Oost-Indische heydenen, 1672 169. Portrait of Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede tot Drakestein 170. The Indian tamarind and papaya 171. Arabian jasmine 172. Snake-charmer of Malabar 173. Learning to write the alphabet in the sand 174. Map of Ceylon, ca. 1602 175. Map ofJaffna and adjacent islands 176. Map of Kandy on Ceylon 177. Map of the Maldives and Ceylon 178. Spilbergen and the king of Kandy 179. City of Kandy in 1602 180. Arms and seal of the king of Ceylon 181. The god of the king of "Matecalo" on Ceylon I 82. Raja Sinha (Lion-King) of Kandy [xxi] Illustrations 183. Noble of Kandy 184. Cinnamon harvesting in Ceylon 18S. Butter making in Ceylon 186. Sinhalese preparing for rice planting 187. On smoothing their fields 188. Treading out the rice 189. Treading out the rice indoors 190. Execution by elephant 191. Cremation in Ceylon 192. Drinking custom in Ceylon 193. Sinhalese pond fishing 194. Wild man of Ceylon 19S. Talipot parasol of Ceylon 196. Title page, Abraham Roger, De open-deure tot het verborgen heydendom, 16S1 197. Frontispiece, Roger, French translation, 1670 198. Title page, Daniel Havart, Op en Ondergangh van Cormandel, 1693 199. Hook-hanging 200. Brahman austerities 201. Sepulchre of the kings and princes of Golconda 202. Portrait of Sultan Muhammed Qutb 203. Portrait of Sultan Abdullah Qutb Shah 204. Portrait of Sultan Abu'l Hasan 20S. Persian miniature portrait of Abu'l Hasan 206. Portrait of Akkana of Golconda 207. Sultan Abu'l Hasan visits the Dutch church at Masulipatam 208. Laurens Pit and the sultan BOOK THREE FOLLOWING PAGE 1380 209. French map of Siam, 1691 210. King Narai of Siam on the royal elephant 21 I. Imperial three-tiered vase of gold filigree 212. Crocodile of Siam: anatomical description 213. Title page, Observations physiques et mathematiques, 1688 214. Mandarin's "balon" (galley) 21S. Noblemen's "ballon" 216. Water-pipe smoked by the Moors of Siam 217. Siamese rhythmic musical instruments 218. Siamese song in Western notation 219. Siamese alphabets, Pali alphabets, Siamese numbers 220. Buddhist monastery in Siam [xxii] Illustrations 22 I. Siamese images of the Buddha 222. The three Siamese envoys to France, 1686 223. Second Siamese emissary 224. Third Siamese emissary 225. Reception of the Siamese emissaries by Louis XIV 226.
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