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The Newsmagazine of the Mathematical Association of America February/March 2009 | Volume 29 Number 2

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The Newsmagazine of the Mathematical Association of America February/March 2009 | Volume 29 Number 2 MAA FOCUS The Newsmagazine of the Mathematical Association of America February/March 2009 | Volume 29 Number 2 WHAT’S INSIDE 4 ............ TIMSS 2007 Mathematics: Where Are We? 9 ............ The Curriculum Foundations Project: Phase II 13 ........... Becoming Aware of Mathematics and the Climate 23 ........... Prizes and Awards at the 2009 Joint Mathematics Meetings FOCUS_09_Feb_March.indd 1 2/11/09 4:49:38 PM MAA FOCUS is published by the Mathematical Association of America in January, February/March, MAA FOCUS April/May, August/September, October/ November, and December/January. Editor: Fernando Gouvêa, Colby College Volume 29 | Issue 2 [email protected] 3 A Peaceful Transition Managing Editor: Carol Baxter, MAA [email protected] 3 Get a Closer Look at the MAA on YouTube Ryan Miller Senior Writer: Harry Waldman, MAA [email protected] 4 TIMSS 2007 Mathematics: Where Are We? Jeremy Kilpatrick Please address advertising inquiries to: [email protected] 8 From the President |Mind the Gap President: David Bressoud David M. Bressoud First Vice President: Elizabeth Mayfield 9 The Curriculum Foundations Project: Phase II Susan L. Ganter Second Vice President: Daniel J. Teague 10 The Curriculum Foundations Workshop on Economics Martha J. Siegel Secretary: Sheldon P. Gordon and Richard Vogel Associate Secretary: Gerard Venema 13 Becoming Aware of Mathematics and the Climate Treasurer: John W. Kenelly 14 Teaching Time Savers: The List of Grievances Tina H. Straley Executive Director: and Special Requests Director of Publications for Journals and Amy N. Myers Communications: Ivars Peterson 15 Aparna Higgins to Become Director of Project NExT MAA FOCUS Editorial Board: Donald J. Albers; Robert Bradley; Joseph Gallian; 16 Richard Good: Remembrance with Gratitude Jacqueline Giles; Colm Mulcahy; Michael 18 FOCUS on the 2009 Joint Mathematics Meetings Orrison; Peter Renz; Sharon Cutler Ross; Annie Selden; Hortensia Soto-Johnson; 19 Washington, DC Joint Mathematics Meetings in Photos Peter Stanek; Ravi Vakil. 23 Prizes and Awards at the 2009 Joint Mathematics Meetings Letters to the editor should be addressed to Fernando Gouvêa, Colby College, Dept. 26 Mathematics and Art at JMM of Mathematics, Waterville, ME 04901, or Ryan Miller by email to [email protected]. 27 BIG Events at JMM 2009 Subscription and membership questions Phil Gustafson should be directed to the MAA Customer Service Center, 800-331-1622; email: 28 Secretary’s Report [email protected]; (301) 617-7800 Martha J. Siegel, Secretary of the MAA (outside U.S. and Canada); fax: (301) 31 The Undergraduate Poster Session 206-9789. MAA Headquarters: (202) Diana M. Thomas 387-5200. 33 PMET’s Park City Workshops Help Re-engage Copyright © 2009 by the Mathematical Association of America (Incorporated). Mathematicians in School Mathematics Educational institutions may reproduce 34 North Central Section to Host a “Tope-Notch” articles for their own use, but not for sale, provided that the following citation Summer Seminar is used: “Reprinted with permission of 35 Call for Papers: Contributed Paper Sessions at MathFest 2009 MAA FOCUS, the newsmagazine of the Mathematical Association of America 36 SIGMAA on Circles (Incorporated).” 37 Letters to the Editor Periodicals postage paid at Washing- ton, DC and additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to MAA FOCUS, Mathematical Association of America, P.O. Box 90973, Washington, DC On the cover: “Figure-8 Knot, 2007” by Carlo Séquin (University of California at 20090-0973. Berkeley) won second prize at this year’s mathematical art show at the Joint Mathematics Meetings. See page 26. Photograph by Ivars Peterson. ISSN: 0731-2040; Printed in the United States of America. February/March 2009 | MAA FOCUS | 3 A Peaceful Transition t the conclusion of the Joint Math- Aematics Meetings, Joe Gallian completed his two years as President of the Association and passed the baton to David Bressoud. Gallian will serve on the Executive Committee as Past-Pres- ident for one more year, after which he will be replaced by a new President-Elect to be chosen this year. (See page 12.) We ran an interview with Bressoud in our January issue, which also contained the first in a regular series of columns he will contribute to MAA FOCUS during his time as President. See page 8 for this issue’s column. Transfer of power: David Bressoud, MAA President, and Joe Gallian, MAA Past President. Photograph by Fernando Q. Gouvêa. Get a Closer Look at the MAA on YouTube Ryan Miller AA Video, the MAA’s YouTube channel, Mhas found itself to be a popular part of the Association’s web presence among members. Only six months after its inception, MAA Video is home to 15 original videos and has more than 20 sub- scribers. The MAA Video channel (http://www.youtube. com/maavideo ) has original videos from events such as Carriage House lectures, the 2009 Joint Mathematics Meetings, and a brick laying at the Halmos Commemorative Walk. The most recent video shows Bud Brown preparing homemade biscuits to promote his new book with Art Benja- Bud Brown demonstrates baking biscuits on MAA’s YouTube. Video by min, Biscuits of Number Theory, during the Joint Ryan Miller. Meetings. In two weeks it has been viewed over 400 times. Videos of speakers such as Andrew Granville, Rebecca Goldin, and Martin Golubitsky The MAA Video site allows for comments and encourages interac- have been viewed well over 500 times. tion and feedback from viewers. To subscribe to the MAA Video channel, go to http://www.youtube.com/maavideo and click on the The channel’s homepage also has a collection of “subscribe” button at the top of the page. Subscribers will be noti- favorite mathematical videos, such as clips from fied each time the channel adds a new original video or discovers the Hard Problems documentary and the recent another math related video on YouTube. IBM “Smarter Math” commercial. 4 | MAA FOCUS | February/March 2009 TIMSS 2007 Mathematics: Where Are We? Jeremy Kilpatrick n early December 2008, the results of the 2007 Trends pointed out that gains by U.S. students in mathematics had Iin International Mathematics and Science Study been at least as large during the period prior to the imple- (TIMSS) were released. The news media reported that mentation of NCLB. Jerry Bracey, in the Huffington Post the U.S. results in mathematics were better than be- online newsletter, criticized the whole enterprise of looking fore, with much less change in science. U.S. fourth and at average test scores as unrelated “to anything important to eighth graders exceeded the international average in a national economy” or to global competitiveness. Bracey mathematics achievement, significantly improved their argued that although the United States may not excel in performance over 1995, and improved their standing in international comparisons like TIMSS, “we shine on innova- the international “horse race” rankings (see the table on tion” and, citing Robert Sternberg of Tufts, noted that “our this page). The average score for U.S. fourth graders was obsession with standardized testing has produced one of the higher than those of fourth graders in 23 of the 35 other best instruments in the nation’s history for stifling creativity.” countries, lower than those in eight countries (all Asian Who Else? or European), and not significantly different from those in the other four countries. For U.S. eighth graders, the The horse race metaphor for TIMSS performance is badly average score was higher than those of eighth graders chosen, in part because it assumes that mathematics in 37 of the 47 other countries, lower than those in five achievement in a given country can be reduced to an esti- countries (all Asian), and not significantly different mate of how a statistical abstraction, the “average student,” from those in the remaining five countries. would perform on an arbitrary collection of test items rela- tive to the average students from a collection of other coun- Quoted in the Christian Science Monitor, the U.S. co- tries. But the metaphor is also inappropriate for looking at ordinator for TIMSS at the Department of Education, performance in TIMSS over time. As the varying numbers Patrick Gonzales, said, “The message for the country is of countries in TIMSS 1995, 1999, 2003, and 2007 suggest, that we’re improving in mathematics, particularly at the the competition keeps shifting. Countries such as Belgium, tenth percentile [the lowest-performing students].” In a France, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland, which press release from the National Council of Teachers of participated in TIMSS 1995, no longer take part, and Aus- Mathematics, NCTM President Hank Kepner attributed tria and Germany now participate at grade four only. Their “the strides our students are making” to local, state, and places have been taken by an increasing variety of other federal efforts to improve school mathematics (while si- countries such as Algeria, Botswana, El Salvador, Ghana, multaneously noting “an unacceptable disparity” in U.S. Lebanon, Qatar, and Ukraine. Mark Schneider, former U.S. students’ performance in TIMSS across racial, ethnic, Performance of U.S. Students in TIMSS Mathematics and socioeconomic lines). 1995 1999 2003 2007 In contrast, former Assis- Grade 4 tant Secretary of Education Average Score 518 — 518 529 Diane Ravitch, writing in No. of countries 26 — 25 36 the Fordham University U.S. Rank 7 12 11 blog Flypaper, dismissed the — gains in mathematics per- Grade 8 formance as “actually small.” Average Score 492 502 504 508 Unlike commentators who No. of countries 40 38 45 48 had attributed the 2007 U.S. U.S. rank 18 19 15 9 results in TIMSS to effects Note. Counts of countries do not include so-called benchmarking participants such as U.S. states, of the No Child Left Behind Canadian provinces, and other regional entities. The TIMSS 1999 test was administered at Grade (NCLB) legislation, Ravitch 8 only.
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