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DRONES TAKE EARTH MONITORING to NEW HEIGHTS Thank You to Our 2015 Supporters Circle Donors* VOL. 96 • NO. 19 • 15 OCT 2015 A Civil War–Era Painting of the Aurora Borealis What Darkens the Greenland Ice Sheet? Earth & Space Science News Dunes’ Importance on Planetary Surfaces DRONES TAKE EARTH MONITORING TO NEW HEIGHTS Thank You to Our 2015 Supporters Circle Donors* The leadership of AGU would like to thank all individuals who have made contributions of $100–$249 to AGU in 2015. Without your support many of AGU’s scholarships, grants, and other programs would not be possible. Lucy H. Adams Timothy H. Dixon Shijun Jiang Robyn M. Millan Ruth M. Skoug Thomas C. Adang James Francis Dolan Keith W. Jones Gretchen R. Miller Olav Slaymaker Jay James Ague James A. Doutt Donna M. Jurdy Ron L. Miller Rudy L. Slingerland M Joan Alexander Laurie Schuur Duncan Hiroo Kanamori Eberhard Moebius David Miles Smith Robert J. Alexander Elizabeth E. Ebert David M. Karl David W. Mogk Roger W. Smith Michael F. Allen Cynthia J. Ebinger Garry D. Karner Luisa T. Molina Joseph R. Smyth Donald E. Anderson Jr. Gary D. Egbert Peter B. Kelemen Steven Morley Adam H. Sobel James G. Anderson Anne E. Egger Michael Maier Keller L. J. Patrick Muffler Wim Spakman Karl Arnold Anderson Cheryl Enderlein Deborah S. Kelley Richard J. Murnane S. Spampinato Kenneth Argyle Sonia Esperanca Kathryn A. Kelly Craig S. Nelson Raymond C. Staley Marcelo Assumpcao Robert L. Evans Jack D. Kerns Eliza S. Nemser Rob Stoll II Roni Avissar Benjamin L. Everitt David W. Kicklighter Fred C. Newman George T. Stone Michael R. Babcock David W. Fahey Toshiaki Kikuchi Bart Nijssen Robert J. Strangeway Fran Bagenal Christopher D. Farrar Alan Knapp Ann Lise Norman Peter K. Swart Kevin H. Baines Anna A. Felton Witold F. Krajewski Edward Alan O’Lenic Christine A. Switzer Daniel N. Baker Eric J. Fetzer David Krasa Patricia L. Olson William W. Symes Lawrence E. Band Sam A. Flewelling Sonia M. Kreidenweis William S. Olson Benoit Taisne Karl Banse Marilyn L. Fogel Arlin J. Krueger Jonathan F. Ormes Peter Z. Takacs John R. Barker Kevin F. Forbes Klaus Krumsiek Masahiro Osako Lynne D. Talley Robert C. Beardsley James Frew Vladimir N. Krupchatnikov Bette L. Otto-Bliesner Kenneth F. Tapping Gregory C. Beroza Rong Fu Raphael Martin Kudela Konstantinos Papadopoulos Jeffrey H. Tepper Julio L. Betancourt Shing F. Fung Logan K. Kuiper Bruce B. Parker Christy B. Till Pawan K. Bhartia Marshall W. Gannett Kei Kurita Daryl G. Parker Joseph S. Tomalavage Sharon A. Billings H Douglas Garbin Keith A. Kvenvolden Michael Pasyanos Kevin E. Trenberth Wendy A. Bohrson Marcelo H. Garcia Brian K. Lamb Carol S. Paty Craig E. Tweedie Gabriel J. Bowen Dale E. Gary Didier Laporte Vivienne Payne Scott W. Tyler Kenneth Paul Bowman Zhen-Ming Ge Kristin A. Larson Roger J. Phillips Allan J. Tylka Joy M. Branlund Marvin Alan Geller Tamara S. Ledley Louis F. Pitelka Michael Underwood Stephen H. Brecht Konstantine P. Georgakakos Martin A. Lee Andrew M. Pitt Susan Ustin Geoffrey F. Brown Barbara L. Giles Kerstin A. Lehnert Terry A. Plank Cesar E. Valladares Otis B. Brown Jr. John C. Gille Ray Leuning Paul Poli Albert J. Valocchi Kirk Bryan Jonathan M. Gilligan Naomi E. Levin Peter Puster Thomas M. Van Wagoner George Burke Allen F. Glazner Robert C. Liebermann Terrence M. Quinn Thomas E. Van Zandt Pamela C. Burnley Fraser E. Goff Ivan Linscott Dhananjay Ravat David A. Vanko James H. Butler David C. Goodrich Sarah A. Little Mary R. Reid John F. Wacker James J. Butler Jr. Donn S. Gorsline Lena I. Lundberg Pedro J. Restrepo Richard Wagener Nathalie A. Cabrol Priscilla C. Grew John Lyon J. Michael Rhodes Marianne C. Walck Jane M. Caffrey Peter C. Griffith Chopo Ma Jeffrey E. Richey Roy A. Walters M. Clara Castro Pavel Ya Groisman Conall Mac Niocaill Lisa L. Robbins Amy L. Walton Thomas M. Church Nicolas Gruber Heather MacDonald Dar A. Roberts Xinming Wang Victoria Coles Vijay K. Gupta Kenneth Craig MacDonald Virginia J. Rohay Libe Washburn Margarita Conkright Gregg Gerhard Haerendel Daniel S. MacMillan Barbara A. Romanowicz E. Bruce Watson Bernadette H. Connell Forrest G. Hall Michael Manga Scott Kaniela Rowland Clark J. Weaver Charles Connor Christy Hanson Stephen A. Mango Leigh Royden Craig S. Weaver Richard Crook Jr. Jennifer W. Harden Jerry Wayne Manweiler Malcolm J. Rutherford Ronald L .S. Weaver Kenneth L. Cummins Ciaran J. Harman Chris Marone Paul E. Sacks Kristin Derry Weaver Bow- William B. Curry Cheryl S. Harrison Glenn M. Mason Yaroslav Sakharov man Gary L. Cygan Robert C. Harriss John D. Mathews Haydee Salmun Thomas Weingartner Paul H. Daggett William S. Heaps Peter H. Mattson Charles G. Sammis Benjamin P. Weiss Robert Edward Daniell Jr. Ernest Hilsenrath Florentin J. Maurrasse Stanley P. Sander Ray E. Wells Nicolas Dauphas Larry D. Hinzman Alex S. Mayer Thomas B. Sanford James G. Williams Stewart R. Davey J. Todd Hoeksema Larry A. Mayer Ronald S. Saunders Mark W. Williams Earl E. Davis Richard P. Hooper Emilio Mayorga Ismael Savadogo Owen W. Williams Karen Dean-Smith Alan D. Howard James M. McCarthy David Schimel Hugh E. Willoughby Margaret L. Delaney Barry J. Huebert John J. McCarthy Thomas W. Schlatter Terry J. Wilson Edward E. DeLuca Karl F. Huemmrich Vicki S. McConnell Robert N. Schock Edward L. Winterer Lorinda A. Dengler Gauthier Hulot Timothy P. Mccrink Anthony E. Schreiner Teng-fong Wong Terry Deshler Tissa H. Illangasekare James McDonald Michael Schulz Eric F. Wood David P. Dethier Garrett Ito Kenneth R. McDonald Stephen E. Schwartz John H. Woodhouse Qingyun Di Erik Roman Ivins Alfred S. McEwen Stephen H. Scolnik Frederic C. Wurster Russell R. Dickerson Ian Jackson Susan E. McGeary Anne F. Sheehan Shigeru Yamaki Jean O. Dickey Linda L. Jahnke Ann P. McNichol Alexander Shor Thomas C. Yoksas Tammy L. Dickinson Robert E. Jensen Andrew Meigs David J. Simons *Donors as of Jacqueline Eaby Dixon Andrew T. Jessup Valerie L. Meyers Michael J. Singer 15 September 2015 To make a contribution to AGU, please visit the website at giving.agu.org or contact Claire Howard, Development Coordinator, at [email protected] or (202) 777-7434. Earth & Space Science News Contents 15 OCTOBER 2015 PROJECT UPDATE VOLUME 96, ISSUE 19 12 Aurora Painting Pays Tribute to Civil War’s End Frederic Edwin Church’s 1865 arctic landscape, Aurora Borealis, is a beautiful depiction of nature. It might also be a memorial reflection on the end of the war. OPINION 5 What Darkens the Greenland Ice Sheet? Limited observational data sets and incomplete surface energy balance models constrain understanding of the driving 8 processes for Greenland’s ice sheet. COVER RESEARCH SPOTLIGHT Drone Squadron to Take Earth Monitoring Simulating a Warmer, to New Heights 24 Drier Arctic Field experiments examine the effect of Drones can be a potentially transformative scientific tool, but rising temperatures and drying soils on operating them comes with numerous challenges. carbon dynamics in the Arctic. Earth & Space Science News Eos.org // 1 Contents DEPARTMENTS Editor in Chief Barbara T. Richman: AGU, Washington, D. C., USA; eos_ [email protected] Editors Christina M. S. Cohen Wendy S. Gordon Carol A. Stein California Institute Ecologia Consulting, Department of Earth and of Technology, Pasadena, Austin, Texas, USA; Environmental Sciences, Calif., USA; wendy@ecologiaconsulting University of Illinois at cohen@srl .caltech.edu .com Chicago, Chicago, Ill., USA; [email protected] José D. Fuentes David Halpern Department of Meteorology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pennsylvania State Pasadena, Calif., USA; University, University davidhalpern29@gmail Park, Pa., USA; .com [email protected] Editorial Advisory Board M. Lee Allison, Earth and Space Xin-Zhong Liang, Global Science Informatics Environmental Change Lora S. Armstrong, Volcanology, Jian Lin, Tectonophysics Geochemistry, and Petrology Figen Mekik, Paleoceanography Michael A. Ellis, Earth and Planetary and Paleoclimatology Surface Processes Jerry L. Miller, Ocean Sciences Arlene M. Fiore, Atmospheric Sciences Michael A. Mischna, Planetary 17 Nicola J. Fox, Space Physics Sciences and Aeronomy Thomas H. Painter, Cryosphere Steve Frolking, Biogeosciences Sciences Edward J. Garnero, Study of the Roger A. Pielke Sr., Natural Hazards Earth’s Deep Interior Michael Poland, Geodesy 17–21 AGU News Michael N. Gooseff, Hydrology Eric M. Riggs, Education Riding a “Roller Coaster” at National Kristine C. Harper, History Adrian Tuck, Nonlinear Geophysics of Geophysics Sergio Vinciguerra, Mineral Geographic; AGU Sections and Focus Keith D. Koper, Seismology and Rock Physics Groups Announce 2015 Awardees. Robert E. Kopp, Geomagnetism Earle Williams, Atmospheric and Paleomagnetism and Space Electricity John W. Lane, Near-Surface Mary Lou Zoback, Societal Impacts 23–24 Research Spotlight Geophysics and Policy Sciences Staff Simulating a Warmer, Drier Arctic; Production: Faith A. Ishii, Production Manager; Melissa A. Tribur, Senior Production Predicting Space Weather on a Specialist; Liz Castenson, Editor’s Assistant; Yael Fitzpatrick, Manager, Design and Satellite Superhighway; Cool Branding; Valerie Bassett and Travis Frazier, Electronic Graphics Specialists Downdrafts in Large Thunderstorms Editorial: Peter L. Weiss, Manager/Senior News Editor; Mohi Kumar, Scientific Content Editor; Randy Showstack, Senior News Writer; JoAnna Wendel, Writer Captured by Satellite. Marketing: Angelo Bouselli and Mirelle Moscovitch, Marketing Analysts Advertising: Christy Hanson, Manager; Tel: +1-202-777-7536; Email: advertising@ agu.org 25–31 Positions Available ©2015. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Material in this issue may be photocopied by individual scientists for research or classroom use. Permission 24 Current job openings in the Earth is also granted to use short quotes, figures, and tables for publication in scientific and space sciences. books and journals. For permission for any other uses, contact the AGU Publications Office. Eos (ISSN 0096-3941) is published semi-monthly, on the 1st and 15th of the month 3 News except the 1st of January 2015 by the American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Priorities for Antarctic Research: 32 Postcards from the Field Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA.
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