Projects, Publications & Meetings of the Academy

240 YEARS OF SERVICE TO THE NATION 2020 AND THE WORLD

PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS & MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY American Institutions, Society, and the Public Good  Education and the Development of Knowledge  Global Security and International Affairs  The Humanities, Arts, and Culture  Science, Engineering, and Technology With Appreciation . . .

Academy projects, publications, and meetings are supported by gifts and grants from members, friends, foundations, corporations, Affiliates, and other funding agencies. The Academy expresses its deep appreciation for this support and to the many members who contribute to its work.

Published by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, September 2020 CONTENTS

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Overview Commission on the Arts The Humanities Indicators Overview of Science The Public Face Challenges for International ScientificPartnerships Science and Technology Models for U.S. New Climate Change Commission on the Future of Undergraduate Education of Undergraduate Commission on the Future Overview Phase One Nuclear Age, Meeting the Challenges of the New Phase Two: Nuclear Age, Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear States and New Deterrence Dialogue on Arms ControlPromoting and Disarmament International Responses and Violence, Civil Wars, Conflict to Violent the Humanitarian Health Response Rethinking Overview Commission Democratic Citizenship on the Practice of Making Justice Accessible Overview Member Events AffiliatesAcademy of the American Exploratory Initiatives CommitteesLocal Program and Representatives Science, Engineering, and Technology The Humanities, Arts, and Culture The Humanities, Education and the Development of Knowledge the Development Education and Global Security and International Affairs American Institutions, Society, and the Public Good Society, American Institutions, CONTENTS of Directors the Chair of the Board From Leadership Academy of a Patron Portrait & Its Future The Academy Projects, Publications, and Meetings Publications, Projects, the President From

FROM THE PRESIDENT FROM THE PRESIDENT

From its founding in 1780, the mission of the Amer- ican Academy of Arts and Sciences has been to examine the most complex issues of the day through the extraordinary and interdisciplinary strength of its membership. Ever since, the Academy has contributed critical insights into the moments that have defined our nation’s history, such as the post–World War II recovery and the creation of the field of arms control during the Cold War. However, there have been other times when our voices have been silent. There is, for example, no record in the Academy’s work of the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic and very little in relation to the civil rights movement. These, I believe, would have been instructive research and learning references in light of the profound events of this year. It is, therefore, with gratitude that I submit this report on our projects, publications, and programs from the past year. Our members are lending their voices to today’s deeply challenging issues, from the importance of the arts in free expression, education, and civic engagement, to negotiating the complexities of new nuclear states, to protecting those who serve on the front lines of violence and conflict, to shining a light on the inequities of our criminal justice system, to strengthening the practice of democratic citizenship. New and emerging projects will help promote environmental sustainability, understand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and examine the underpinnings of growing disparities in wealth and opportunity in our country. The work described herein is made possible thanks to the philanthropy of our members. I am deeply grateful for such support that enables the Academy to elevate the use of evidence and knowledge, foster civil discourse, and advance the common good. I look forward to our continued work together in pursuit of these goals. David W. Oxtoby American Institutions, Society, and the Public Good

ince its founding, projects of the Amer- ican Academy of Arts and Sciences that S work to bolster American citizens’ understanding of and engagement with the institutions of their government have been a hallmark of the Academy’s work. Our charter states that the “end and design” of the Ameri- can Academy is to “cultivate every art and science which may tend to advance the interest, honor, dignity, and happiness of a free, independent, and virtuous people.” Today this effort involves projects designed to advance the state of scholarship about the nation’s institutions and to develop innovative solutions to problems facing American society in the twenty-first century. Projects in this area in- terpret the term “institution” broadly, focus- ing on all of the constituent elements of government and civil society. These projects address how individual citizens interact with social structures, how these experiences prepare people to make a positive contribution to a diverse America, and how these institutions are evolving. The Academy shares this research through publications, convenings, and active outreach.

4 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD American Institutions, Society, and the Public Good PROGRAM ADVISORY COMMITTEE

CHAIR MEMBERS Lee Epstein William Poorvu Washington University Harvard Business School Frances McCall Danielle Allen in St. Louis Rosenbluth Harvard University Kenneth Prewitt Yale University Susan Hanson Columbia University Thomas Bender Clark University New York University James M. Stone Antonia Hernández Plymouth Rock Companies Alan M. Dachs California Community Fremont Group Foundation

PROJECT Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship

The Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizen- empower everyday citizens. The project uses a definition of ship is a multiyear project of the American Academy of “citizenship” that extends beyond simple legal status to in- Arts and Sciences. The Commission focuses on the im- clude people who are “civic participants” in many domains pact of political institutions, civic culture, and civil soci- within their communities. ety on individual practice in contemporary democracy in the United States. The work of the Commission explores The project seeks to increase democratic engagement in the factors that encourage and discourage people from be- the United States with recommendations that will help coming engaged in their communities; sheds light on the empower voters, increase political and civic participation, mechanisms that help people connect across demograph- and revitalize our civic culture. Our Common Purpose: Rein- ic and ideological boundaries; examines how the transfor- venting American Democracy for the 21st Century, the Commis- mations in our media environment have altered what civ- sion’s final report and recommendations, was released in ic engagement looks like in many communities; and makes June 2020 and included a call to have significant progress recommendations that will encourage participation and on all of its recommendations by 2026.

COMMISSION CHAIRS Caroline Brettell Lisa García Bedolla Wallace Jefferson Southern Methodist University of California, Alexander Dubose & Danielle Allen University Berkeley Jefferson, LLP Harvard University David Brooks Sam Gill Joseph Kahne Stephen Heintz The New York Times John S. and James L. Knight University of California, Rockefeller Brothers Fund Foundation Riverside David Campbell Eric Liu University of Notre Dame Marie Griffith Kei Kawashima-Ginsberg Citizen University Washington University Tufts University Alan Dachs in Saint Louis Fremont Group Yuval Levin COMMISSION MEMBERS Hahrie Han National Affairs Dee Davis Johns Hopkins University Sayu Bhojwani Center for Rural Strategies Carolyn Lukensmeyer The New American Leaders Antonia Hernández National Institute for Project Jonathan F. Fanton California Community Civil Discourse President Emeritus, American Foundation danah boyd Academy of Arts and Sciences Martha McCoy Data & Society Everyday Democracy

5 CONTINUED Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship

Lynn Nottage Miles Rapoport Ben Vinson PROJECT STAFF Playwright Harvard University Case Western Reserve University Paul Erickson Steven Olikara Michael Schudson Gabriela Farrell Millennial Action Project Columbia University Diane Wood U.S. Court of Appeals, Katherine Gagen Norman Ornstein Sterling Speirn Seventh Circuit Darshan Goux American Enterprise Institute National Conference on Citizenship Judy Woodruff Tania Munz Bob Peck PBS FPR Partners Marcelo Suárez-Orozco University of Massachusetts Ethan Zuckerman FUNDERS Pete Peterson Boston; formerly, University Massachusetts Institute Pepperdine University of California, Los Angeles of Technology S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation Rockefeller Brothers Foundation Alan and Lauren Dachs

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS

The Internet and Engaged Citizenship The Political and Civic Engagement of Immigrants David Karpf (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Caroline Brettell (American Academy of Arts and 2019) Sciences, 2020)

The Data Driving Democracy Our Common Purpose: Reinventing American Christina Couch (American Academy of Arts and Democracy for the 21st Century Sciences, 2020) (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2020)

6 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD PROJECT MEETINGS

Meeting of the Commission

September 16–17, 2019 Cedarbrook Lodge Seattle, WA

The fourth meeting of the full Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship focused on finalizing the Com- mission’s findings and recommendations. The members of the Commission reviewed six strategies and thirty-one tactical recommendations and agreed by unanimous con- sent to endorse the final report.

MEETING CHAIRS

Danielle Allen Eric Liu Harvard University Citizen University

Stephen Heintz Rockefeller Brothers Fund

LEFT: Commission members at the September 16, 2019, meeting. From front to back: Martha McCoy, Marie Griffith, Lisa García Bedolla, Joseph Kahne, David Campbell, and Ben Vinson.

BELOW: Commission members and Academy President David Oxtoby at the Commission’s September 16, 2019, meeting.

7 Convening on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship

February 7, 2020 The House of the Academy Cambridge, MA

A cornerstone of the work of the Commission on the Prac- as well as Commission members, civic leaders, and philan- tice of Democratic Citizenship has been listening to the thropists, to hear from one another and share their voices of American citizens. On February 7, 2020, the work through a series of panels, breakout sessions, and Commission brought together more than seventy partici- presentations. pants from nearly all of its forty-seven listening sessions,

PANEL 1: The Commission PANEL 2: Inspire a Culture of PANEL 3: Dramatically PANEL 4: Empower Voters on the Practice of Commitment to American Expand Civic Bridging Democratic Citizenship Democracy and One Capacity PANEL CHAIR Another PANEL CHAIR PANEL CHAIR Danielle Allen PANEL CHAIR Harvard University David Oxtoby Stephen Heintz American Academy of Eric Liu Rockefeller Brothers Fund Arts and Sciences Citizen University PARTICIPANTS

PARTICIPANTS Habon Abdulle PARTICIPANTS PARTICIPANTS Women Organizing Women Kim Covington Network Danielle Allen Serene Jones Arizona Community Harvard University Union Theological Seminary Foundation Trey Grayson former Secretary of State, Stephen Heintz Mina Layba Vanessa Grossl Kentucky Rockefeller Brothers Fund City Manager’s Office, BGCF365 City of Thousand Oaks Julio Medina Eric Liu Howard Parr Exodus Transitional Citizen University Cameron Patterson Akron Civic Theater Community Moton Museum Jon Pritchett John Wood Jr. Mississippi Center for Better Angels Public Policy

Angela Cutbill (left; from Calabasas, CA) and Richard Young (right; from Lexington, KY) participate in the “Convening on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship.”

8 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD

TOP: From left to right: Academy President David Oxtoby and Commission Cochairs Stephen Heintz, Danielle Allen, and Eric Liu discuss the Commission’s work during the convening held at the House of the Academy on February 7, 2020.

RIGHT: Bradley Christian-Sallis (from Lincoln, NE) describes the work of his organization, Civic Nebraska, to increase civic participation and community engagement.

BELOW: Participants at the “Convening on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship” held at the House of the Academy on February 7, 2020, discussed how to create an information environment that serves the public good for the twenty-first century.

9 Emergency Meeting of the Commission

March 27, 2020 Virtual Meeting

The full Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citi- recommendations to reflect the effect of emergencies on zenship met via web conference to discuss the impact of the voter access to the polls. The Commission agreed the pan- COVID-19 pandemic on the content of the final report and demic amplified the challenges and obstacles they sought the plans for its release. Commission members agreed to to address in their work and therefore to release the report modify the report slightly to account for the impact of the as planned in June. pandemic on the nation and to revise one of the thirty-one

MEETING CHAIRS

Danielle Allen Stephen Heintz Eric Liu Harvard University Rockefeller Brothers Fund Citizen University

Release Event: Our Common Purpose: Reinventing American Democracy for the 21st Century

June 11, 2020 Virtual Event

Our Common Purpose: Reinventing American Democracy for the six strategies and thirty-one recommendations, and com- 21st Century, the final report of the Commission on the Prac- ments by Commission members and featured speakers. tice of Democratic Citizenship, was released via an online The audience included members of the Academy, imple- webinar. The one-hour event included a video presenta- mentation Champions, listening session participants, and tion of the Commission’s work, an overview of the report’s special guests.

SPEAKERS

Danielle Allen Stephen Heintz David Oxtoby Judy Woodruff Harvard University Rockefeller Brothers Fund American Academy of PBS Arts and Sciences David Brooks Eric Liu The New York Times Citizen University

10 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD PROJECT Making Justice Accessible

The two projects of the Making Justice Accessible initiative The second project, on Designing Legal Services for the address the challenge of providing legal services to low- 21st Century, will gather information about the national income Americans. The first project, on Data Collection need for improved legal access and advance a set of clear, and Legal Services for Low-Income Americans, will iden- national recommendations for closing the “justice gap” tify the sources of existing data on legal services and un- between supply of and demand for legal services. In the fall represented civil litigation nationwide. The project will of 2019, project leaders enlisted the research assistance of also create a blueprint for future data collection efforts, in- associates from the offices of WilmerHale and began draft- cluding establishing a research agenda for scholars, practi- ing the final report, on schedule to be released in Septem- tioners, and policy-makers. Participants include represen- ber 2020. tatives of the courts, legal aid providers, and foundations as well as legal scholars and social scientists. In the fall of The Making Justice Accessible initiative emerged from 2019, Microsoft’s pro bono office approached the Academy a 2015 symposium sponsored by the Academy’s Explor- about this project; the interactions led to a joint, data-gath- atory Fund on the state of legal services for low-income ering pilot project between Microsoft, members of the data Americans. working group, and the Texas state courts. Participants are poised to act upon, and amplify, the Academy’s recommendations once the report is published in late 2020.

DATA COLLECTION DESIGNING LEGAL PROJECT STAFF AND LEGAL SERVICES SERVICES FOR THE 21ST FOR LOW-INCOME CENTURY Tania Munz AMERICANS John Tessitore PROJECT CHAIRS PROJECT CHAIRS John Levi FUNDER Mark Hansen Legal Services Corporation; University of Chicago Sidley Austin LLP David M. Rubenstein Enhancement Fund Rebecca Sandefur Martha Minow Arizona State University Harvard Law School

Kenneth Frazier Merck & Co.

PROJECT PUBLICATION

“Access to Justice,” Dædalus edited by Lincoln Caplan, Lance Liebman & Rebecca Sandefur (2019)

11 Education and the Development of Knowledge

rojects in the Education and the Devel- opment of Knowledge program area in- P form policy and practice in support of high-quality, lifetime educational opportunities for all Americans. The program area continues the Academy’s enduring focus on the vital role education and knowledge development play in our nation and in our world. From advancing equitable educational outcomes to leveraging new developments in the learning sciences and digital technologies to questioning how domestic and international scholarly work may be af- fected by advances in machine learning, the Ed- ucation and the Development of Knowledge program area–through commissions, projects, convenings, and publications–draws upon scholars and practitioners from various fields and disciplines to explore the conditions that foster the creation, transfer, and preservation of knowledge in a global context.

12 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE

PROGRAM ADVISORY COMMITTEE

CHAIR Howard Gardner Paula D. McClain Morton Schapiro Harvard Graduate School Duke University Northwestern University Michael McPherson of Education formerly, Spencer Foundation Joseph Neubauer Marcelo Suárez-Orozco David L. Lee formerly, Aramark University of Massachusetts Clarity Partners, LP Corporation Boston; formerly, University MEMBERS of California, Los Angeles Richard Light Nancy Peretsman Deborah Loewenberg Ball Harvard Graduate School Allen and Company Beverly Daniel Tatum University of Michigan of Education Spelman College Paul Sagan Philip Bredesen Kathleen McCartney General Catalyst Partners former Governor of Tennessee Smith College

PROJECT Commission on the Future of Undergraduate Education

The Commission on the Future of Undergraduate Educa- report, and an issue of Dædalus on improving teaching. tion is a multiyear initiative charged with examining the The key idea emerging from this body of work is that what current state of American undergraduate education, pro- was once a challenge of quantity in American undergrad- jecting the nation’s short-term and long-term education- uate education, of enrolling as many students as possible, al needs, and offering recommendations to strengthen all is increasingly a challenge of educational quality–of mak- aspects of undergraduate education. The Commission– ing sure that all students receive the education they need to whose members include leaders from higher education, succeed, that they are able to complete the studies they be- philanthropy, business, and government–reviewed the re- gin, and that they can do all this affordably. The Commis- search and data; met with students and faculty members, sion engaged in a range of outreach activities to make its experts, and state and federal policy-makers; and produced work as widely read as possible and to advance its recom- a data-based primer on the student journey through col- mendations around quality, completion, and affordability. lege, four in-depth research papers, a comprehensive final

COMMISSION CHAIRS Rebecca M. Blank John J. DeGioia Jeremy Johnson University of Wisconsin- Georgetown University Andela Roger Ferguson, Jr. Madison TIAA Jonathan F. Fanton Sherry Lansing John Seely Brown President Emeritus, American Sherry Lansing Foundation Michael McPherson formerly, Xerox PARC Academy of Arts and Sciences formerly, Spencer Foundation Research Nicholas Lemann Robert Hormats Columbia University Wesley G. Bush Kissinger Associates; formerly, Graduate School of COMMISSION MEMBERS Northrop Grumman U.S. Department of State Journalism

Joseph E. Aoun Carl A. Cohn Freeman A. Hrabowski III J. Michael Locke Northeastern University formerly, Claremont University of Maryland, formerly, Rasmussen, Inc. Graduate University Baltimore County Deborah Loewenberg Ball Monica Lozano University of Michigan Mitchell E. Daniels, Jr. Jennifer L. Jennings College Futures Foundation Purdue University New York University Sandy Baum Urban Institute

13 CONTINUED Commission on the Future of Undergraduate Education

Gail O. Mellow Shirley M. Tilghman Sandy Baum PROJECT STAFF LaGuardia Community Princeton University Urban Institute College Francesca Purcell Michelle Weise Ronald G. Ehrenberg Beth Niegelsky Diana Natalicio Strada Education Network Cornell University formerly, University of Texas at El Paso Bridget Terry Long FUNDERS DATA ADVISORY GROUP Harvard Graduate School Hilary Pennington MEMBERS of Education Carnegie Corporation Ford Foundation of New York Thomas Bailey Judith Scott-Clayton TIAA Institute Beverly Daniel Tatum Teachers College, Teachers College, Spelman College Columbia University Columbia University

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS

A Primer on the College Student Journey (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2016)

Undergraduate Financial Aid in the United States Judith Scott-Clayton (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017)

The Complex Universe of Alternative Postsecondary Credentials and Pathways Jessie Brown and Martin Kurzweil, Ithaka S+R (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017)

The Economic Impact of Increasing The Future of Undergraduate Education, College Completion The Future of America Sophia Koropeckyj, Chris Lafakis, and Adam Ozimek, (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017) Moody’s Analytics; Foreword by Michael S. McPherson (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017) “Improving Teaching: Strengthening the College Learning Experience,” Dædalus Policies and Practices to Support Undergraduate edited by Sandy Baum & Michael S. McPherson (2019) Teaching Improvement Aaron Pallas, Anna Neumann, and Corbin Campbell (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2017)

14 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE PROJECT VIDEOS

Cornell’s Active Learning Initiative video — National Florida State University’s Graduation Rates video – Priority: Quality National Priority: Completion

Cincinnati State’s Accelerate Program video – National Priority: Affordability

PROJECT MEETING

Young Adult Mental Health and Well-Being: Higher Education’s Responsibility

September 5–6, 2019 House of the Academy Cambridge, MA

On the campuses of residential colleges and universities, In this gathering of university presidents and mental young adults (eighteen to twenty-five years old) are expe- health leaders, several critical issues were considered: riencing an intensifying crisis of their mental health and the role of higher education in the development of young well-being. Students have increasing levels of depression adults; what students are telling us about their mental and anxiety, which interfere with and may interrupt both health during college and graduate education; how the cur- their academic and developmental progress. rent research on young adult development and well-being can frame our thinking; and how colleges and universities In many instances, higher education institutions have re- can engage with other institutions and entities to jointly sponded by expanding mental health services and resourc- foster the mental health of young adults. The goals of this es that focus on the individual student’s needs. However, meeting were to explore the roles colleges and universities the availability and provision of clinical care do not appear have in creating campus cultures that foster student men- to be mitigating the crisis. Perhaps a pivot to a systemic in- tal health and well-being; to deepen understanding of how tra- and inter-institutional response is required. Both men- recent research can inform this work; and to identify path- tal health leaders and university presidents may need to ways forward. consider addressing issues of academic climate and culture, both on campuses and as promoted by the higher education institutions collectively.

15 CONTINUED Young Adult Mental Health and Well-Being: Higher Education’s Responsibility

MEETING CHAIRS Elizabeth Gong-Guy Vikram Patel MODERATORS UCLA Campus and Student Harvard Medical School John J. DeGioia Resilience Paul Barreira Georgetown University Stephanie Pinder- Harvard Medical School Laura Horne Amaker David Oxtoby Active Minds McLean Hospital College Wendy Fischman American Academy of Mental Health Program Harvard University Arts and Sciences Paula Johnson Wellesley College Zoe Ragouzeos Suzy Nelson NYU Student Mental Health Massachusetts Institute PANELISTS Sarah K. Lipson of Technology Boston University School Julie Reuben Daniel Eisenburg of Public Health Harvard Graduate School Stephanie Bell Rose University of Michigan; of Education TIAA Institute Healthy Minds Network Jacqueline Looney Duke University Chad Wellmon Wayne Frederick University of Virginia Howard University

Michael Lomax (United Negro College Fund) at the meeting on Young Adult Mental Health and Well-Being: Higher Education’s Responsibility.

16 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE

TOP: Participants at the meeting on Young Adult Mental Health and Well-Being included healthcare professionals, college and university administrators, researchers, and advocates. Their discussions focused on mental health programs implemented at institutions across the country.

RIGHT: Elizabeth Gong-Guy (UCLA Campus and Student Resilience) presented on a panel that examined the data on student mental health and factors contributing to the rise in anxiety and depression in young people.

BELOW: Wayne Frederick (Howard University) and Jaqueline Looney (Duke University) describe the challenges of and strategies for addressing mental health issues at residential colleges and universities.

17 Global Security and International Affairs

he Global Security and Interna- tional Affairs program area draws T on the expertise of policy-makers, practitioners, and scholars to foster knowledge and inform innovative and more substantial policies to address crucial issues affecting the global community. Projects underway in this area engage with pressing strategic development and moral questions that underpin relations among people, communities, and states worldwide. Each initiative embraces a broad conception of security as the inter- action among human, national, and global security imperatives. Project recommendations move beyond the idea of security as the absence of war toward higher aspirations of collective peace, development, and justice.

18 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY STUDIES

CHAIR Christopher Chyba Nicholas Kristof Barry Posen Princeton University The New York Times Massachusetts Institute Scott D. Sagan of Technology Stanford University Karl Eikenberry Susan Landau formerly, Stanford University; Tufts University Adam Roberts U.S. Army, ret. University of Oxford MEMBERS Robert Legvold Tanisha Fazal Columbia University Jennifer M. Welsh Nicholas Burns University of Minnesota McGill University Harvard University Rose McDermott Martha Finnemore Brown University Paul H. Wise Antonia Chayes George Washington Stanford University Tufts University University Steven E. Miller Harvard University

COMMITTEE MEETING

Annual Meeting of the Committee on International Security Studies (CISS)

October 10, 2019 House of the Academy Cambridge, MA

During the annual meeting, CISS members reviewed the members are seeking to ensure the impact of their various progress of current projects within the Global Security and scholarly activities, and brainstormed key areas for future International Affairs program area, discussed how CISS Academy work on global security and international affairs.

MEETING CHAIR

Scott D. Sagan Stanford University

KEYNOTE SPEAKERS

Karl Eikenberry formerly, Stanford University; U.S. Army, ret.

Nicholas Kristof The New York Times

Nicholas Kristof (The New York Times) and Tanisha Fazal (University of Minnesota)

19 PROJECT Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age, Phase One

The world has entered a new nuclear era. No longer dom- policy-makers, Congress, the analytical community, and inated by two nuclear superpowers, the evolving multipo- the media to think systematically about our increasingly lar nuclear order presents fundamental challenges to the multipolar world. The publications produced by the proj- conceptual and practical means of avoiding nuclear war. ect have been shared widely with domestic and interna- Moreover, the new era has slowly dismantled the bilateral tional policy-makers, scholars and students of nuclear af- arms control framework, with no clear prospect that it will fairs, and leaders of international organizations. be revived and extended. The possibility that a framework or frameworks encompassing other, let alone all, nuclear Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age is root- powers can be achieved seems even more remote. In addi- ed in the critically important work on arms control that tion, advances in weapons technology and the opening of the Academy conducted from 1958 to 1960 to prevent a new frontiers, such as cyber capabilities and artificial intel- nuclear confrontation between the United States and the ligence, make a shifting environment still more complex. Soviet Union. During that time Academy Fellows gath- The pathways to inadvertent nuclear war have multiplied ered monthly to build a cooperative framework between across more regions and relationships. the United States and the Soviet Union based on the lim- itations of the nuclear stockpile and the establishment of Since 2017, the Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear mutual vulnerability between the two rivals. The group in- Age project has worked to identify the major dangers gen- cluded Donald Brennan, Edward Teller, Henry Kissinger, erated by the dynamics of a multipolar nuclear world that and Thomas Schelling, among others. Today, more than pose the greatest threat of inadvertent nuclear war; offer ever, an effort that brings together scholars and policy- alternative approaches to addressing each of these dan- makers to examine the wide range of challenges posed by gers; facilitate discussions with relevant communities in the changing nuclear order is urgently needed. the United States and abroad; and encourage and assist

PROJECT CHAIRS WORKING GROUP Michael Krepon George Perkovich MEMBERS Stimson Center Carnegie Endowment for Robert Legvold International Peace Columbia University James M. Acton Hans Kristensen Carnegie Endowment for Federation of American Steven Pifer Christopher Chyba International Peace Scientists Stanford University; Princeton University Brookings Institution; Mark Bell Jessica Tuchman formerly, U.S. Department University of Minnesota Mathews of State STEERING COMMITTEE Carnegie Endowment for Linton Brooks International Peace William Potter Thomas J. Christensen Center for Strategic and James Martin Center for Princeton University International Studies; Nicholas Miller Nonproliferation Studies, formerly, U.S. Department Dartmouth College Middlebury Institute of Lynn Eden of Energy and U.S. International Studies at Stanford University National Nuclear Security Steven E. Miller Monterey Administration Harvard University Steven E. Miller Mira Rapp-Hooper Harvard University M. Taylor Fravel Vipin Narang Yale Law School Massachusetts Institute Massachusetts Institute Janne Nolan† of Technology of Technology Scott D. Sagan George Washington Stanford University University Sumit Ganguly Janne Nolan† Indiana University, George Washington Michael Swaine Scott D. Sagan Bloomington University Carnegie Endowment for Stanford University International Peace Francis J. Gavin Olga Oliker Jon Wolfsthal Johns Hopkins School of International Crisis Group; Nina Tannenwald Nuclear Crisis Group Advanced and International formerly, Center for Strategic Brown University Studies and International Studies

20 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS CONTINUED Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age, Phase One

Jane Vaynman PROJECT STAFF FUNDERS Temple University Poul Christiansen Louise Henry Bryson and Richard Rosenberg Keren Yarhi-Milo John E. Bryson Francesca Giovannini Kenneth L. and Susan S. Princeton University John F. Cogan, Jr. † Wallach Kathryn Moffat Lester Crown Tania Munz Alan M. Dachs Brendan Roach Bob and Kristine Higgins † Deceased Kathleen Torgesen

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS

Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age: Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age: U.S. and Russian Nuclear Concepts, Past and Present Nuclear Weapons in a Changing Global Order Linton Brooks, Alexei Arbatov, and Francis J. Gavin Steven E. Miller, Robert Legvold, and Lawrence Freedman (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2018) (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2019)

Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age: Contemplating Strategic Stability in a New Multipolar Emerging Risks and Declining Norms in the Age of Nuclear World Technological Innovation and Changing Nuclear Robert Legvold (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Doctrines 2019) Nina Tannenwald and James M. Acton, with an Introduction by Jane Vaynman (American Academy of “Meeting the Challenges of a New Nuclear Age,” Arts and Sciences, 2018) Dædalus edited by Robert Legvold & Christopher Chyba (2020)

21 PROJECT MEETING

Nuclear Weapons in a Changing Global Order: Hill Briefings

July 31, 2019 Capitol Hill Washington, DC

Steven Miller, a member of the project’s steering commit- MEETING CHAIR tee, and Academy staff briefed foreign policy and national security staff in several Senate offices on the Academy’s Steven E. Miller work on Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age Harvard University as well as Promoting Dialogue on Arms Control and Dis- armament. The discussions focused on key project findings, background on the changing multipolar nuclear order, and plans for continued engagement around the Acad- emy’s portfolio of nuclear work.

PROJECT Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age, Phase Two: Deterrence and New Nuclear States

With the emergence of three new nuclear powers (In- investigates the deterrence and defense implications facing dia, Pakistan, and North Korea) and several more poten- small nuclear force-countries and potential proliferators. tially becoming nuclear states (including Iran, Saudi Ara- bia, and Turkey), the world is on the verge of a new nucle- The project is producing an edited volume of innovative, ar age, which will demand new thinking about the security policy-relevant essays that will be published by a universi- implications of nuclear powers that may be in highly hos- ty press. Outreach activities will be aimed at nuclear pol- tile environments, suffer from domestic instability, have icy-makers (primarily in the United States) and academ- fewer resources, or be led by personalist dictators. Phase ic centers and think tank institutes with a specific focus on Two of Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age nuclear studies.

PROJECT CHAIRS Jeffrey Lewis PROJECT STAFF FUNDERS Middlebury Institute for Scott D. Sagan International Studies at Poul Christiansen Louise Henry Bryson and Stanford University Monterey John E. Bryson Francesca Giovannini John F. Cogan, Jr. † Vipin Narang Rose McDermott Kathryn Moffat Massachusetts Institute Brown University Lester Crown Tania Munz of Technology Alan M. Dachs Barry Posen Brendan Roach Massachusetts Institute Bob and Kristine Higgins Kathleen Torgesen of Technology ADVISORY COMMITTEE Richard Rosenberg Victor Cha Gary Samore Kenneth L. and Susan S. Georgetown University Brandeis University Wallach

Lawrence Freedman Caitlin Talmadge King’s College London Georgetown University

Robert Jervis Columbia University † Deceased

22 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS PROJECT MEETING

Deterrence and New Nuclear States Authors’ Workshop

November 17–18, 2019 Stanford University Stanford, CA

The authors of the forthcoming edited volume on deterrence and new nuclear states gathered for a two-day workshop to review the draft essays and discuss the volume’s cross-cutting conclusions and specific policy implications.

MEETING CHAIRS KEYNOTE SPEAKER

Scott D. Sagan Vipin Narang William J. Perry Stanford University Massachusetts Institute of Stanford University; formerly, Technology U.S. Department of Defense

Scott Sagan (Stanford University) addresses the authors and guests at the Deterrence and New Nuclear States authors’ workshop. From left to right: Reid Pauly (Stanford University), William J. Perry (Stanford University; formerly, U.S. Department of Defense), and Jeffrey Lewis (Middlebury Institute for International Studies at Monterey).

23 PROJECT Promoting Dialogue on Arms Control and Disarmament

Unlike the Cold War, the current nuclear age is charac- to contribute to rebuilding trust and predictability among terized by a simultaneous collapse of arms control agree- the rival Great Powers. ments and the absence of any strategic dialogue among the three main nuclear players, which would serve to minimize A second strand of work will build on the Academy’s ex- and reduce the potential risks of a nuclear escalation. perience organizing educational sessions for the Unit- ed States Congress on a range of topics, including cyber- One strand of the project’s work consists of a series of security, disaster response, and federal research policy bilateral U.S.-Russia and U.S.-China dialogues designed in addition to nuclear issues. Through a series of engage- to identify critical short-term goals in arms control. The ments with members of Congress and their staff, the proj- meetings will identify areas for cooperation and con- ect will help to foster and strengthen knowledge on key is- ceptual thinking about measures that might strength- sues and challenges facing the United States in arms con- en strategic stability and help to reduce the significant trol and international security, including renewal of the dangers of nuclear weapons being used in the future. New START treaty and the dangers of a world without nu- Through reports and outreach activities, the project aims clear constraints.

PROJECT CHAIR PROJECT STAFF FUNDER

Steven E. Miller Poul Christiansen Tania Munz The Raymond Frankel Harvard University Foundation Francesca Giovannini John Randell Kathryn Moffat Brendan Roach Kathleen Torgesen

PROJECT MEETINGS

The Collapse of Arms Control: Shanghai Bilateral Meeting Implications and Consequences December 4–5, 2019 October 23, 2019 Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Capitol Hill Shanghai, China Washington, D.C. Project Chair Steven Miller led a delegation of U.S. former This briefing for congressional staffers from both House officials and experts to a two-day meeting that focused on and Senate offices highlighted the perils associated with a number of arms control issues in order to gain a better the decline and potential collapse of arms control and un- understanding of Chinese perspectives on current arms derscored the urgent need for dialogue among the key pro- control priorities. The meetings also revealed the areas on tagonists, particularly in the United States and Russia. which Chinese experts would like to engage further with Project Chair Steven Miller discussed how the global nu- U.S. and Russian experts. clear order has evolved since the Cold War, the implications of the collapse of arms controls agreements, the ab- MEETING CHAIR sence of any strategic dialogue among the three main nuclear players that would serve to minimize and reduce the Steven E. Miller potential risks of a nuclear escalation, and the Academy’s Harvard University current nuclear policy work.

MEETING CHAIR

Steven E. Miller Harvard University

24 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Steven Miller (Harvard University) speaking Steven Miller (front center) with participants at the to congressional staffers, with Kathryn Shanghai Bilateral Meeting. Moffat (American Academy) to his right.

PROJECT Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses

The Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses international outreach to share findings and recommen- project stems from the observation that current multilater- dations that deliver a more comprehensive, effective, and al approaches for preventing, mitigating, and resolving civ- integrated approach to conflict prevention and crisis man- il wars and intrastate violence are often far too ambitious. agement, which encompasses security, diplomacy, and de- They frequently overpromise stability, security, peace, development strategies in countries such as Colombia, Nige- mocracy, and development to countries experiencing high ria, Ethiopia, Syria, Lebanon, and Sri Lanka, among oth- levels of violence and instability. The project identified ers. Building on these policy discussions, the project will six threats that emerge from civil wars and intrastate vio- publish a research paper that focuses on the policy im- lence: pandemic diseases, transnational terrorism, migra- plications of the project’s findings, which will be distrib- tion, regional instability, great power conflict, and crimi- uted to relevant policy-makers in the United States and nality. The project has engaged in extensive domestic and internationally.

PROJECT CHAIRS Abdeta D. Beyene Susanna Campbell Vanda Felbab-Brown Centre for Dialogue, American University Brookings Institution Karl Eikenberry Research, and Cooperation, formerly, Stanford University; Ethiopia Martha Crenshaw Francis Fukuyama U.S. Army, ret. Stanford University Stanford University Stephen D. Biddle Stephen Krasner Columbia University Lyse Doucet Sumit Ganguly Stanford University BBC News Indiana University Tanja A. Börzel Freie Universität Berlin Tanisha Fazal Miguel García-Sánchez PROJECT MEMBERS University of Minnesota Universidad de los Andes, Charles Call Colombia Michele Barry American University James Fearon Stanford University Stanford University

25 CONTINUED Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses

Richard Gowan Nancy Lindborg Barry Posen PROJECT STAFF New York University United States Institute Massachusetts Institute of Peace of Technology Francesca Giovannini Sonja Grimm Summers Hammel University of Konstanz, Sarah Kenyon Lischer William Reno Germany Wake Forest University Northwestern University Kathryn Moffat Tania Munz Jean-Marie Guéhenno Clare Lockhart Thomas Risse International Crisis Group Institute for State Effectiveness Freie Universität Berlin Kathleen Torgesen

Joseph Hewitt Aila M. Matanock Hendrik Spruyt United States Institute University of California, Northwestern University FUNDERS of Peace Berkeley Stephen Stedman Humanity United Stephen Heydemann Seyoum Mesfin Stanford University Smith Richardson Foundation Smith College Institute for Advanced Research, Ethiopia Eric Stollenwerk Oak Foundation Bruce Jones Freie Universität Berlin Brookings Institution Stewart Patrick Council on Foreign Relations Paul H. Wise Stathis Kalyvas Stanford University Yale University

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS

“Civil Wars & Global Disorder: Threats & Opportunities,” Dædalus edited by Karl Eikenberry & Stephen Krasner (2017)

“Ending Civil Wars: Constraints & Possibilities,” Dædalus edited by Karl Eikenberry & Stephen Krasner (2018)

26 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy GLOBAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS PROJECT Rethinking the Humanitarian Health Response to Violent Conflict

Rethinking the Humanitarian Health Response to Violent a series of rapid-cycle workshops on global cooperation and Conflict seeks to understand and address current trends in pandemic control. Drawing upon the Academy’s strengths humanitarian contexts that pose new or evolving challeng- in political science, diplomacy, global health, and the arts, es for humanitarian health responders. Among the most the project will explore how political legitimacy, trust in ex- pressing challenges are the increasingly protracted nature pert authority and information, divisive political environ- of civil and noninternational armed conflict; the fact that ments, and cultural mechanisms of community protection many of the world’s most violent places are facing criminal and social cohesion shape the ability of states and interna- or political violence rather than conflict as conventionally tional institutions to respond to infectious outbreaks. understood; shortfalls in funding; and changing geopolit- ical relations. This project brings together political scien- Second, to respond to the acute challenges that humanitar- tists, legal and security experts, health professionals, and ian organizations face in addressing health needs in areas humanitarians to examine current challenges to effective with extreme levels of political or criminal violence–set- humanitarian action and to develop, where necessary, new tings that now account for more violent deaths than war strategies for preventing civilian harm and delivering criti- zones–and in places where people are fleeing from such vi- cal health services in areas plagued by violent conflict. olence, the project will convene interdisciplinary groups of experts from across multiple regions to explore the ques- The project’s initial work will focus on two key priority ar- tions state sovereignty poses for humanitarians operating eas. First, building on its efforts to address the political and in such settings and to analyze and examine how the dy- security dimensions of pandemic response in areas of weak namics of political and criminal violence influence human- governance and violent conflict, the initiative will convene itarian responses.

PROJECT CHAIRS PROJECT STAFF FUNDERS

Jaime Sepulveda Paul H. Wise Francesca Giovannini Louise Henry Bryson and University of California, Stanford University John E. Bryson Kathryn Moffat San Francisco Tania Munz Jennifer M. Welsh Rebecca Tiernan McGill University Kathleen Torgesen

PROJECT MEETINGS

Meetings in New York City

New York, NY February 27–28, 2020

During a series of individual and small-group meetings, the project cochairs solicited input from experts with extensive experience in policy and diplomacy relating to humanitarian responses in areas of violent conflict and extreme levels of political and criminal violence.

MEETING CHAIRS

Jennifer M. Welsh Paul H. Wise McGill University Stanford University

27 The Humanities, Arts, and Culture

ince 1780, the Academy has advocated for the importance of the humanities, arts, and culture in American society, and has called S on both private citizens and the nation’s government to help foster advances in these areas. Today, the Academy conducts research and develops policy recommendations to advance the humanities in academic scholarship and in the public sector, to display the importance of the arts in society, and to en- rich the nation’s cultural life. By bringing together scholars, artists, and leaders from both the public and private sectors, Academy programs in The Humanities, Arts, and Culture put practitioners and scholars in conversation with individuals from other disciplines, ensuring that the arts and humanities are valued in all areas of civic life. Projects in this area demonstrate the value of the arts, humanities, and culture to the nation’s security and prosperity, and call attention to the role played by work in these fields to enriching the health of communities and the dai- ly lives of its citizens.

28 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE

PROGRAM ADVISORY COMMITTEE

CHAIR MEMBERS Maria Hummer-Tuttle Jahan Ramazani The J. Paul Getty Trust University of Virginia Johanna Drucker Richard Brodhead University of California, Duke University Jacqueline Jones Oscar Tang Los Angeles University of Texas at Austin New York, NY Colin Dayan Vanderbilt University Mary C. Kelley Pauline Yu University of Michigan American Council of Thomas Gunning Learned Societies University of Chicago Jane Dammen McAuliffe Library of Congress

PROJECT Commission on the Arts

The Commission on the Arts seeks to reframe the national that the arts are necessary to both individual and civic life conversation about what role the arts can play in a diverse and that artists are crucial members of healthy communi- twenty-first-century democracy. The national focus of the ties. Among other reports and creative elements, the Com- project is reflected in the composition of its membership, mission’s final products will include policy recommenda- which spans the cultural field and the geography of the tions that will help arts advocates, educators, artists, and United States; its members represent over a dozen states government officials to refocus the national conversation and more than forty organizations, disciplines, and insti- on the arts around common issues. tutions. The Commission is guided by the central premise

COMMISSION CHAIRS Rod Bigelow James Cuno Vijay Gupta Crystal Bridges Museum The J. Paul Getty Trust Street Symphony John Lithgow of American Art Actor and Author Paul DiMaggio Vicky Holt Takamine Terence Blanchard New York University Pua Ali‘i ‘Ilim Deborah F. Rutter Jazz Trumpeter and Composer The John F. Kennedy Center Oskar Eustis Maria Hummer-Tuttle for the Performing Arts Mary Bordeaux The Public Theater The J. Paul Getty Trust First Peoples Fund Natasha Trethewey Katherine Farley Gish Jen Northwestern University Pam Breaux Lincoln Center for the Novelist National Assembly of State Performing Arts Arts Agencies Brian Kisida COMMISSION MEMBERS Theaster Gates, Jr. University of Missouri Jeffrey Brown Rebuild Foundation Diane Ackerman PBS NewsHour Angela La Porte Author, Poet, and Naturalist Paula Giddings University of Arkansas Louise H. Bryson Smith College Elizabeth Alexander The J. Paul Getty Trust Tania León The Andrew W. Mellon Olivia Gude Composer and Conductor Foundation Francis Collins School of the Art Institute National Institutes of Health of Chicago Robert Lynch Maribel Alvarez Americans for the Arts The University of Arizona

29 CONTINUED Commission on the Arts

Sonia Manzano Victoria Rogers Carrie Mae Weems PROJECT STAFF Actress and Author John S. and James L. Knight Photographer Foundation Mary Lyons Michael O’Bryan Damian Woetzel Allentza Michel The Village of Arts and Jacqueline Stewart The Juilliard School Humanities The University of Chicago Tania Munz Jay Xu Felix Padrón Yancey Strickler Asian Art Museum of Arts Management Kickstarter San Francisco FUNDERS Professional and Artist Steven Tepper Kevin Young Ford Foundation Annise Parker Arizona State University Schomburg Center for The Getty Foundation LGBTQ Victory Fund Research in Black Culture Roberta Uno The John S. and James L. Mwalim (Morgan James Arts in a Changing America Laura Zabel Knight Foundation Peters) Springboard for the Arts The Kresge Foundation University of Massachusetts Zannie Voss Dartmouth Southern Methodist The Barr Foundation University National Center Roger and Victoria† Sant for Arts Research

† Deceased

PROJECT MEETINGS

Branches from the Same Tree: Conversations on the Integration of Arts, Humanities, and STEM in Higher Education

October 25, 2019 House of the Academy Cambridge, MA

The Academy hosted a one-day conference in partnership Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in Higher Education. The with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and conference included interactive and engaging panel presen- Medicine on their recently released report Branches from tations, performances, and breakout discussions, each ex- the Same Tree: The Integration of the Humanities and Arts with ploring a different element of cross-disciplinary learning.

SPEAKERS Sarah Cunningham Leila Kinney Sunil Iyengar Rhode Island School Massachusetts Institute National Endowment Francisco Alarcon of Design of Technology for the Humanities Boston University Bonnie Thornton Dill Lynn Pasquerella Ilya Vidrin Sari Altschuler University of Maryland Association of American Harvard University Northeastern University Colleges and Universities

30 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE “Rural Arts and Cultural Development” Webinar

December 4, 2019 Virtual Event

The second webinar sponsored by the Commission exam- and economic development. Each panelist brought a unique ined new developments in arts and culture in rural commu- perspective to the conversation, from producing events nities. The featured panelists discussed how rural commu- and festivals to building support networks of artists to em- nities are uniquely leveraging the arts to foster community ploying art as a catalyst for social conversations.

WEBINAR CHAIR SPEAKERS Jonny Stax Matthew Fluharty Consultant and Founder Art of the Rural Laura Zabel Kara Schmidt of ArtFarm (Iowa) (regional Midwest) Springboard for the Arts PaoliFest and Black Vulture Project (Indiana) Michelle Ramos Alternate Roots (regional South)

Actors from Catalyst Collaborative@MIT perform a scene from Einstein’s Dreams at the event “Branches from the Same Tree: Conversations on the Integration of Arts, Humanities, and STEM in Higher Education.”

31 Meeting of the Commission

January 16–17, 2020 Los Angeles Athletic Club Los Angeles, CA

The third Commission meeting focused on project vision- connections among the working groups, outreach strate- ing and strategy planning. Four local facilitators with deep gies, and potential policy recommendations. In addition experience in the arts and cultural sector as well as project to project development, the meeting also included an eve- design and implementation worked with each of the work- ning reception celebrating the arts in Los Angeles, featuring groups to develop focused products and preliminary ing Mayor Eric Garcetti and Vijay Gupta. workplans. As a full group, the Commissioners discussed

MEETING CHAIRS SPEAKERS

John Lithgow Natasha Trethewey Eric Garcetti Vijay Gupta Actor and Author Northwestern University City of Los Angeles Street Symphony

Deborah Rutter The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts

Commission Cochair John Lithgow (Actor and Author) describes the work of the Commission on the Arts at a Los Angeles reception connected to the Commission’s meeting on January 16–17, 2020.

32 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE PROJECT The Humanities Indicators

The Humanities Indicators provide information about all as- rigorous survey research and analyses of data gathered by pects of the humanities: ranging from early childhood read- the federal government. Recent work has included national ing, through undergraduate and graduate education in the surveys of humanities departments at four-year colleges and humanities, and on to employment and experiences later in universities, as well as a survey of over five thousand Amer- life with museums and other humanistic activities. Now in icans about their engagement with and attitudes about a va- its eleventh year as a publicly available website, the project riety of humanities activities. The Humanities Indicators tracks the condition of the humanities enterprise via its own are accessible at www.amacad.org/humanities-indicators.

PROJECT DIRECTOR Jonathan R. Cole Esther Mackintosh PROJECT STAFF Columbia University Federation of State Norman M. Bradburn Humanities Councils Carolyn Fuqua NORC at the University John Dichtl John Garnett of Chicago American Association for Anne Ruggles Gere State and Local History University of Michigan Tania Munz Robert B. Townsend ADVISORY COMMITTEE Michael Hout Judith Tanur New York University Stony Brook University Edward Ayers FUNDER University of Richmond Felice J. Levine Steven Wheatley American Educational American Council of Andrew W. Mellon Jack Buckley Research Association Learned Societies, emeritus Foundation American Institutes for Research

The The The The Humanities Humanities Humanities Humanities INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS THE VALUE OF READING THE VALUE OF HISTORY THE VALUE OF READING in Our Lives Efforts to revitalize the Hawaiian language began in Our Lives Many studies have documented the value of in Our Lives In a national survey in the early 1990s, Ameri- in Our Lives Reading remains simultaneously both enter- in 1983 with private, nonprofit preschools known reading to young children, so much so that in cans expressed doubts when asked about the val- tainment and education. Extensive studies in the as Pūnana Leo (language nests), which used immer- 2014 the American Academy of Pediatricians ad- ue of “history” but spoke passionately about the val- UK have documented the way that reading for recre- sion methods to teach Hawaiian to a handful of chil- vised “that reading aloud and talking about pictures ue of understanding the past as a connection to fami- ation contributes to relaxation, enjoyment, empower- dren. At the time, fewer than 50 children under age 18 and words in age-appropriate books can strengthen ly and a way of understanding contemporary issues and ment, and empathy in adults. Adult reading for pleasure spoke the language at home. Thousands of children are language skills, literacy development and parent-child events. History shapes connections to communities, as is also correlated with an improved sense of community AMERICA’S NATIVE now enrolled annually in these schools. Data from 2013– READING TO relationships.” Children who listen to family members HISTORIC SITES well as perceptions of current events. READING FOR and cultural understanding. 2015 suggest that students from these schools graduate read to them grow into better and more enthusiastic LANGUAGES from high school at rates above both the state-wide and YOUNG CHILDREN readers. IN THE U.S. INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS PLEASURE INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS Native Hawaiian averages and attend college at rates The United States has always been a land of many lan- above the Native Hawaiian average. From Dr. Seuss to The Very Hungry Caterpillar, books INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS Americans often think about themselves through their For two decades, the Trails and Tales Institute, run by If you love to lose yourself in a good book, now is a ter- New Hampshire Humanities sponsors the Connec- guages. Before Europeans arrived, more than 300 indig- In 1978, Hawaiian was made an official language of touch children’s imagination and help them make sense family histories and their more general connection to Peru State College in Nebraska, has offered summer rific time to be a reader, with an ever-growing number tions program to support and enhance adult literacy. enous languages were spoken in North America. As a the state alongside English, marking an end to policies of the world. Over 80% of parents read to their young Reach Out and Read (ROR) focuses on reaching young the past, which helps explain the widespread popular- courses and tours to teachers to improve their ability of new titles published annually. Despite the growth in Connections facilitators work in four-week workshops result of forced cultural assimilation, Native American, that had suppressed the language since 1896. Members children at least three times a week, a number that has children when they visit doctors and nurse practi- ity of genealogy in the nation. Despite these personal to guide students in the state’s history and literature. At the number of books available, however, Americans are with more than 500 participants annually—both native Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian communities suf- of the Native Hawaiian community develop instruction- not changed significantly since 1995. tioners. ROR teaches parents about why reading to chil- ties, the share of Americans visiting historic sites has de- the institute, Peru State faculty teach a five-day course, reading less literature than they did just five years ago. speakers and English language learners—to foster en- fered massive losses of language and culture. Since the al materials and train teachers, while also promulgat- dren is important—and hands out the books to do it. clined substantially since 1982, even after a small im- followed by a six-day tour of over 25 locations. thusiasm for and engagement with reading. civil rights era, many of these communities have begun ing best practices that can be replicated in other Native Last year, ROR provided services to 4.7 million children, provement in 2017. KEY FACTS “Our intent is to inspire and invigorate these teachers, KEY FACTS “Quality books and stimulating discussions promote to reclaim and preserve their languages and encourage American communities. 25% of whom were part of low-income families, at a cost who will in turn develop a better appreciation for our English language skills, cultivate conversations about their revitalization. Upwards of 90% of mothers with bachelor’s degrees of $20 per child. From 1992 to 2012, according to the Survey of Pub- KEY FACTS state in their students.” ideas, reinforce family literacy, support a culture of Data corroborate that instruction in indigenous lan- read to their children at least three times a week. lic Participation in the Arts, the number of Americans The Ten Largest Native North American Languages “Families participating in the Reach Out and Read reading, and encourage civic engagement.” guages offers substantial benefits for Native American In 2017, 28% of American adults reported visiting a Participants travel to Fort Robinson, where Crazy who read a book outside of work or school fell from by Number of Speakers over the Age of 5 Children from lower income families were 16% less model read to their children more often (4.3 vs. 3.8 society that extend beyond mere bilingualism. With the historic site in the previous year, an increase of over Horse died; the hometowns of writers John Niehardt 61% to 54%. Participants keep the books they read or share them likely to be read to. days/week), and their toddlers’ receptive and expres- Native American Languages Act of 1990, these languag- Navajo 4 percentage points compared to 2012. and Willa Cather; Chimney Rock; Ash Hollow; the Ne- with family, and families are also invited to Connections’ sive vocabulary scores were higher, even when adjust- In 2017, the average American spent less than half es were recognized with a distinctive political status and Yupik braska State House; and many other sites. Dr. Holtz, yearly family festival. In addition to an online book list, Dakota ing for parental education, foreign-born status, and As people aged, they were less likely to visit a histor- an hour per day reading for personal interest (as cultural importance. Share of Families Reading to Young Children, one of the program’s faculty, said of the history the Connections hosts individual author visits, sponsors an Apache language proficiency.” ic site. The drop-off in historic site visitation over the compared to more than 2 hours 45 minutes per day by Characteristic, 2012 mini-course covers, “So many of these stories are inspir- active blog, and offers a variety of other reader and fa- Keres life course is at least 25%. watching TV). 100% Studies of ROR’s outcomes have found that the pro- ing, not just because they show milestones of progress, cilitator resources to encourage a habit of reading. KEY FACTS Cherokee Ojibwa 80% gram more than doubles the likelihood that parents will but because they show the kind of progress that is only Share of American Visiting Historic Site, 1987–2017 Share of Americans Who Read a Book Other Than The U.S. Census reports that 150+ Native American Choctaw read to their children and that they will keep books in earned through perseverance and battles with preju- 60% for Work or School in Past 12 Months, by Age, 2012 languages are still in use today in the U.S. Some es- Zuni the home. These studies also indicate that for children 40% dice and injustice.” 40% 70% timates project that, without sustained intervention, Pima involved in ROR, language development improves by an 35% 60% 0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 20% 30% only around 20 will remain by 2050. average of 3–6 months. 50% 25% 0% 40% These languages are collectively spoken by over 20% High Income Low Income College High School Men 30% 450,000 people, with the top 10 spoken by nearly half Degree Degree 15% The Humanities in Our Lives series The Humanities in Our Lives series Women The Humanities in Our Lives series 20% The Humanities in Our Lives series 10% this number. (#HumInOurLives) highlights the many Income Level Mother's Education (#HumInOurLives) highlights the many (#HumInOurLives) highlights the many 10% (#HumInOurLives) highlights the many and diverse forms of humanities and diverse forms of humanities 5% and diverse forms of humanities and diverse forms of humanities 0% activities in the nation, and key facts activities in the nation, and key facts 0% activities in the nation, and key facts 18–24 25–34 35–44 45–54 55–64 65–74 75+ All Ages activities in the nation, and key facts about the health of the field. about the health of the field. 1982 1992 2002 2008 2012 2017 about the health of the field. 18+ about the health of the field.

For more on the broad trends that mark American engagement with For more on the broad trends that mark American engagement with For more on the broad trends that mark American engagement with For more on the broad trends that mark American engagement with various forms of the humanities, visit humanitiesindicators.org or various forms of the humanities, visit humanitiesindicators.org or various forms of the humanities, visit humanitiesindicators.org or various forms of the humanities, visit humanitiesindicators.org or email [email protected]. email [email protected]. email [email protected]. email [email protected].

Americas-Native-Languages_NEW.indd 1 11/6/2018 2:07:18 PM Reading-to-Young-Children_NEW.indd 1 11/6/2018 2:43:40 PM Historic-Sites-in-the-US_Revision.indd 1 10/31/2019 10:01:26 AM Reading-for-Pleasure_NEW.indd 1 11/6/2018 2:43:06 PM

33 34 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, andDonors totheAcademy

H O HT O O With over ,000,000 humanities maors in the .S. workforce, they can be found in every occuation. TH L T O O ach ercentage is the share of all emloyed humanities 335,000 Postsecondary Teachers 135,000 Education Administrators 158,000 Secretaries graduates who work in a given tye of ob. 642,000 Precollegiate Teachers 129,000 Marketing Sales Managers Administrative Assistants 107,000 CEOs Legislators

L L T LL OT 108,000 Sales Supervisors 100,000 Management Analysts T O 350,000 Lawyers, udges 83,000 Human Resource orkers 172,000 riters Editors Magistrates 53,000 Software Developers

O L HLTH OT OL OTT OTH 8,529 Chefs 68,000 Physicians Surgeons 155,000 Counselors Social orkers 29,000 Police Oﬃcers (including Military)

Source: erian Cunity urey Cenu ureau

For more on humanities maors occuations, earnings, and The Humanities Indicators ob satisfaction, visit humanitiesiniatrsr. are made possible by THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE PROJECT MEETINGS

Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Community College – Research University Partnerships Meeting

July 31, 2019 Case Western University Cleveland, OH

Codirector Robert B. Townsend presented a report on “The Role of Honors Programs at Community Colleges.”

Department Survey Consultation

October 21, 2019 American Sociological Association Washington, D.C.

Following the successful completion of a national survey from each of the scholarly societies represented in the of humanities departments in four-year colleges and uni- study to preview the findings and discuss possible lines of versities, the Indicators staff assembled representatives analysis and presentation.

PARTICIPANTS Daniel Ginsberg Trevor Parry-Giles Camilla Sommers American Anthropological National Communication Andrew W. Mellon Norman M. Bradburn Association Association Foundation NORC at the University of Chicago James Grossman Anne Marie Porter Robert B. Townsend American Historical American Institute of Physics American Academy of Helen Cullyer Association Arts and Sciences Society for Classical Studies David Raizman Deborah Kimmey College Art Association Susan White Amy Ferrer American Studies Association American Institute of Physics American Philosophical Alyson Reed Association Deana Lewis Linguistic Society of America Carla Zecher National Women’s Studies American Musicological Carolyn Fuqua Association James Shulman Society American Academy of American Council of Learned Arts and Sciences Dennis Looney Societies Modern Language Association

35 National Humanities Conference American Historical Association Annual Meeting November 7–9, 2019 The Hilton Hawaiian Village January 4, 2020 Honolulu, HI Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel New York, NY Codirector Robert B. Townsend participated in a series of conversations about the health of the humanities. At a convening of scholarly societies in the humanities and social sciences, Codirector Robert B. Townsend delivered a presentation on “What We Know about Contingent Fac ulty” and participated in a discussion about the evolving academic workforce.

International Humanities Summit National Humanities Alliance Annual Meeting November 11–13, 2019 Queensland University of Technology March 2, 2020 Brisbane, Australia Washington Court Hotel Washington, D.C. At an international convening hosted by the Austra- lian Academy for the Humanities, Codirector Robert B. The staff of the Humanities Indicators project presented Townsend delivered a presentation on “Asking the Public preliminary findings from a large national survey of the about the Humanities” and participated in a series of con- general public about the humanities and hosted an exhib- versations about the health of the field in the United States it booth, where they distributed materials and answered and overseas. questions.

Advisory Committee Meeting

March 6, 2020 Virtual Meeting

At the annual meeting of the Humanities Indicators Ad- the two national surveys conducted by the project and as- visory Committee the participants reviewed the results of sessed plans for future publications and research.

PARTICIPANTS John Dichtl Felice J. Levine Judith Tanur American Association for American Educational Stony Brook University Norman M. Bradburn State and Local History Research Association NORC at the University Robert B. Townsend of Chicago Carolyn Fuqua Esther Mackintosh American Academy of American Academy of Federation of State Arts and Sciences Edward Ayers Arts and Sciences Humanities Councils University of Richmond Steven Wheatley Michael Hout Tania Munz American Council of Jonathan R. Cole New York University American Academy of Learned Societies Columbia University Arts and Sciences

36 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE Public Survey Consultation I

March 24, 2020 Virtual Meeting

Working with NORC at the University of Chicago, in fall 2020, the project staff conducted a series of consultations 2019 the Humanities Indicators conducted a nationally with stakeholders to assess which findings seemed of sig- representative survey of five thousand American adults nificance, and how the results might be reported to maxi- about public attitudes about the humanities and their en- mize their utility for every constituency. gagement with a variety of humanistic practices. In spring

PARTICIPANTS John Garnett Tania Munz Camilla Somers American Academy of American Academy of Andrew W. Mellon Carin Berkowitz Arts and Sciences Arts and Sciences Foundation New Jersey Humanities Council Michael Hout Susan Ogger Elizabeth Spenst New York University New York Humanities Andrew W. Mellon Norman M. Bradburn Foundation NORC at the University Paula Krebs Valerie Paley of Chicago Modern Language New York Historical Society Judith Tanur Association Stony Brook University Alison Chang James Pawelski College Art Association Dennis Looney University of Pennsylvania Robert B. Townsend Modern Language American Academy of Carolyn Fuqua Association Jason Rhody Arts and Sciences American Academy of Social Science Research Arts and Sciences Council

Public Survey Consultation II

April 6, 2020 (morning) Virtual Meeting

PARTICIPANTS Carolyn Fuqua James Kitterman David Oxtoby American Academy of Maryland Humanities American Academy of Catherine Allgor Arts and Sciences Arts and Sciences Massachusetts Historical Gavin Kleespies Society John Garnett Massachusetts Historical Lynn Pasquarella American Academy of Society Association of American Norman Bradburn Arts and Sciences Colleges and Universities NORC at the University Modupe Labode of Chicago James Grossman Smithsonian Institution Robert B. Townsend American Historical American Academy of Christina Chia Association Lori Lefkowitz Arts and Sciences John Hope Franklin Northeastern University Humanities Institute Christine Henseler Union College Esther Mackintosh Sarah Dreller Federation of State Society for Architectural Steven Kidd Humanities Councils Historians National Humanities Alliance

37 Public Survey Consultation III

April 6, 2020 (afternoon) Virtual Meeting

PARTICIPANTS Amy Ferrer Barbara Mennel Robert B. Townsend American Philosophical University of Florida American Academy of Norman Bradburn Association Arts and Sciences NORC at the University of Tania Munz Chicago Carolyn Fuqua American Academy of Eric Waggoner American Academy of Arts and Sciences West Virginia Humanities Nicholas Allen Arts and Sciences Council University of Georgia Bill Rivers John Garnett Joint National Committee Ann Wise Yota Batsaki American Academy of for Languages; National Phi Beta Kappa Dumbarton Oaks Arts and Sciences Council for Languages and International Studies John Dichtl Dianne Harris American Association of State Andrew W. Mellon Dana Schaffer and Local History Foundation American Historical Association Jessica Feldman Cecily Hill Andrew W. Mellon National Humanities Alliance Foundation

Public Survey Consultation IV

April 13, 2020 (morning) Virtual Meeting

PARTICIPANTS Kim Gilmore Jess Miner Daniel Reid History Channel Edmond J. Safra Center for Whiting Foundation Norman Bradburn Ethics, Harvard University NORC at the University Carolyn Fuqua Miranda Restovic of Chicago American Academy of Scott Muir Louisiana Endowment Arts and Sciences National Humanities Alliance for the Humanities Vyta Baselice Federation of State John Garnett Melissa Nobles Peter Robinson Humanities Councils American Academy of Massachusetts Institute American Academy of Arts and Sciences of Technology Arts and Sciences Kristen Boudreau Worcester Polytechnic Bea Gurwitz Koby Oppenheim Susan Smulyan Institute National Humanities Alliance Andrew W. Mellon Brown Center for Public Foundation Humanities Brian Boyles David Kidd Massachusetts Humanities Democratic Knowledge David Oxtoby Robert B. Townsend Project American Academy of American Academy of Arts and Sciences Arts and Sciences

38 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy THE HUMANITIES, ARTS, AND CULTURE Public Survey Consultation V

April 13, 2020 (afternoon) Virtual Meeting

PARTICIPANTS Carolyn Fuqua Sunil Iyengar Tania Munz American Academy of National Endowment American Academy of Norman Bradburn Arts and Sciences for the Arts Arts and Sciences NORC at the University of Chicago John Garnett Heather Kim Diane O’Donoghue American Academy of Andrew W. Mellon Jonathan M. Tisch College Ellen Dunlap Arts and Sciences Foundation of Civic Life American Antiquarian Society Matthew Gibson Teresa Mangum Younger Oliver Virginia Federation Obermann Center, National Humanities Alliance Daniel Fisher for the Humanities University of Iowa National Humanities Alliance Shannon Smith Sara Guyer Allentza Michel Wyoming Humanities Council Maryrose Flanigan University of Wisconsin American Academy of a2ru Arts and Sciences Robert B. Townsend American Academy of Arts and Sciences

The The The The Humanities Humanities Humanities Humanities THE VALUE OF ART HISTORY THE VALUE OF THE THE VALUE OF THE VALUE OF HUMANITIES ONLINE HUMANITIES TOURISM in Our Lives Art history is increasingly being used in the field in Our Lives in Our Lives in Our Lives PUBLIC HUMANITIES of medicine. Studies show that medical school Digital humanities allow scholars to see pat- Humanities centers and institutions can be impor The public humanities play a vital role in strength- classes that include an art history component help terns they might otherwise miss, and make hu- tant drivers of economic growth. In 1997, the Bilbao ening civic engagement and underpinning a strong doctors improve diagnostic skills, and art history train- manities materials available to the public in new Guggenheim Museum opened its doors in Spain, and it democracy. In the creation of the National Endowment ing helps doctors contextualize problems with patients ways. For instance, they have revealed that women singlehandedly revitalized economically depressed Bil for the Humanities and the state humanities councils, to provide better care. While art therapy has been used wrote half of all published fiction in 1870, but only a bao, Spain. As one reporter observed, “It has given its Congress emphasized the importance of the human- ART HISTORY to improve patient well-being, the use of art history can DIGITAL HUMANITIES quarter in 1970. They have documented the impact HUMANITIES TOURISM name to the ‘Bilbao effect’—a phenomenon whereby cul PUBLIC HUMANITIES ities for a democracy that “demands wisdom and vision also improve patient outcomes. of Alzheimer’s disease on the novels of Agatha Chris- tural investment plus showy architecture is supposed to in its citizens.” Surveys in the 1970s and 1980s found that art history The information revolution has long been perceived tie and Iris Murdoch, and mapped the social and in- In 2017, tourism contributed $500 billion directly and equal economic uplift for cities down on their luck.” The humanities have been inextricably linked to the courses were among the 30 most popular courses of- INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS as a boon for business, science, and technology, but tellectual links among key Enlightenment thinkers. over $1.5 trillion indirectly to U.S. GDP. This made the public sphere since the Renaissance, when humanist INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS fered at colleges and universities, but they suffered a it has also had a profound effect on the humanities. U.S. the global leader in total gains from tourism. While INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS education prepared men to be public speakers and take substantial decline in the 1990s. Today, art history is in- Both art historians and the general public have bene- Stanford offers a famed online encyclopedia of phi- INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS shopping and business were major drivers of tourism, on roles in government and the courts. As the human- Public humanities programs are emerging as discrete ar- creasingly looking to use digital technology to enhance fitted from a recent explosion of websites sharing dig- losophy with almost 1,600 entries; Slate magazine’s visits to humanities-related institutions—historic loca- One example of a humanities institution driving eco ities crystallized into discrete academic disciplines, how- eas of education within the humanities. One of the earli- teaching and research, with many innovations coming ital art collections. Google’s Cultural Institute Art Proj- animation of the Atlantic slave trade illustrates the At Cleveland State University, the department of his- tions, museums, monuments, and other sites—were nomic growth is in Seattle, Washington. The creation of ever, a break emerged between academia and the wid- est examples is the John Nicholas Brown Center for Pub- from outside academia. ect includes over 45,000 digitized artworks from around trafficking of ten million human beings in two min- tory runs the Center for Public History + Digital Hu- among the top reasons for tourism to the U.S. And many the Rem Koolhaas’s architecturally innovative Seattle er public. When Congress passed the National Founda- lic Humanities and Cultural Heritage at Brown University. the world, many in super-high-resolution “gigapixel” for- utes; multimedia archives host the complete works of manities. The Center pioneered a free mobile app U.S. tourists travel within the country to visit historical Central Public Library brought in $16 million in spend tion for the Arts and Humanities Act in 1965, it sought The Center supports a wide range of activities, including KEY FACTS mat that allows users to zoom in on details beyond the Shakespeare, Whitman, and Cather; while other web- called Cleveland Historical, which offers an interactive sites or monuments as part of family and personal trips. ing associated with visitors to Seattle who said a visit to to bridge that gap by providing funding for humanities a public humanities podcast, scholarship, digital tours, scope of the naked eye. Even more impressive, Artstor sites allow readers to trace the evolution of texts map of the city featuring walking tours and multime- the library was the primary or important reason they projects focused on reaching the public. and a program called “Year of the City,” which “brings to- A little over 20% of U.S. adults have learned about or was launched in 2004 with support from the Andrew W. such as Darwin’s Origin of Species or Melville’s Typee. dia exhibits. In addition to promoting the city’s his- KEY FACTS visited downtown Seattle. Seattle tourists that came gether more than 50 public programs over the course of taken a course in art appreciation or art history. Mellon Foundation and contains over 2.5 million imag- tory, the app draws visitors and promotes economic specifically to see the library spent $31 on their visit, KEY FACTS the year that explore the history, life and culture of Prov- es that are “rights cleared” for scholarship or teaching. development by enriching tourists’ experiences. In 2015, 35% of international travelers to the U.S. vis while nonSeattle tourists spent $90 on average. idence’s twenty-five neighborhoods through exhibitions, In 2016, 4,333 students received bachelor’s degrees KEY FACTS Researchers from New York University’s Center for ited national parks/monuments, 28.7% art galleries/ A report from the American Library Association cred In 2019, NEH provided $48 million to state human- performances, walks, lectures, and conferences.” in art history, theory, and criticism. “The Center aspires to create rich collaborations Data Science realized that users of digital artwork had Over 70 centers across the country foster research museums, and 26.7% historic locations. ited the new institution with expanding the identity of ities councils. The Program for Public Humanities at the Jonathan with community partners and students in an effort no integrated tools or software. So they created the ARt and projects rooted in digital humanities. the system, “building community character,” and in M. Tisch College of Civic Life, for instance, offers events, Share of 18–24-Year-Olds Reporting They Took Art History to reimagine Cleveland as a place, and to recon- In 2015, 40% of U.S. travelers abroad visited histor NEH awarded $8.4 million in grants to 48 projects in Image Exploration Space (ARIES), which enhances the creasing economic vitality in the area. While the net ef partnerships, and projects that involve “such collabora- or Music Appreciation Lessons A Fall 2012 survey found that a third of colleges nect the city’s history to the history of the nation ic locations, 32% art galleries/museums, and 30% na the public humanities in 2019. ability of art historians to conduct research by allow- fects vary, the evidence shows that institutions devoted tive practices as historical inquiry, recovery, and acknowl- 100% offered at least one online course, and one in six and the world.” tional parks/monuments. ing them to efficiently compare and contrast digital art- to the humanities in all its forms can be both direct and edgment, as well as innovative uses of narrative and ar- 90% Yes offered courses in digital methods. Distribution of NEH Program Funds among works. It has unique features such as a “pixel heat map” The Center has also made the Cleveland Historical indirect drivers in local and national economies. tistic expression to produce civically minded, creative, 80% No Activity Types, FY2017 that can help track the progression of a piece of artwork software, Curatescape, available to other communities Other and just mutual engagements among a broad range of Contribution of Travel & Tourism to U.S. GDP Digital Humanities 70% Share of Humanities Departments Engaged with 0.4% over time and even identify forgeries. Finally, the tool and organizations worldwide. 1,600 4.6% constituencies.” The program is also currently develop- 60% Digital Humanities Activity, by Carnegie Type, 2012 has been set up to allow for collaboration; art histori- 1,400 ing a curricular track to be offered beginning in the fall 60 Total Contribution Education Programs 50% 1,200 ans can use ARIES to share their work and solicit feed- 50 Primarily Undergraduate 12.0% semester of 2020 that will include new and cross-listed 40% back from others. Comprehensive 1,000 State Humanities course offerings that will be known as “Civic Humanities.” 40 Primarily Research Councils 800 Public Programs 30% 30 Direct Contribution 41.5% The Humanities in Our Lives series 600 The Humanities in Our Lives series 13.1% 20% The Humanities in Our Lives series Percent 20 The Humanities in Our Lives series (#HumInOurLives) highlights the many (#HumInOurLives) highlights the many Billions of 2016 $ 400 (#HumInOurLives) highlights the many (#HumInOurLives) highlights the many 10% 10 and diverse forms of humanities and diverse forms of humanities 200 and diverse forms of humanities Preservation and and diverse forms of humanities Research Programs 0% activities in the nation, and key facts 0 activities in the nation, and key facts 0 activities in the nation, and key facts Access activities in the nation, and key facts Center or Lab Dedicated Offered Seminar Guidelines for Evaluating 14.3% Men Women about the health of the field. to Digital Humanities on Digital Methods Digital Publications about the health of the field. 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 about the health of the field. 14.3% about the health of the field.

Art-History.indd 1 11/7/2019 10:26:11 AM Digital-Humanities_NEW.indd 1 11/6/2018 2:33:16 PM Humanities-Tourism_NEW.indd 1 11/6/2018 2:38:41 PM Public-Humanities.indd 1 2/18/2020 1:35:30 PM

39 Science, Engineering, and Technology

cademy projects in Science, En- gineering, and Technology seek A to strengthen the capacity of science and engineering to improve the human condition. This goal has never been more important for the nation or for the world. Global challenges increasingly require collaboration across disciplinary, professional, and national boundaries, while rapid advances in information pro- cessing and transmission raise new issues for both the management of scientific and technical information and for the ability of individuals and institutions to assimi- late and act on new discoveries. Drawing on the broad expertise of its membership and outside experts, Acad- emy studies in Science, Engineering, and Technology analyze the impact of advances in these areas and develop policy recommendations that are made available to government, academia, nongov- ernmental organizations, and the private sector. Activities focus on increasing public understanding of current research and technological change, and on helping society adapt effectively and make meaningful use of new scientific and technical knowledge. Areas of interest include U.S. productivity in science and engineering; public understanding of, and trust in, science, engineering, and medicine; strengthening U.S. participation in international scientific collaboration; and climate change policy.

40 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY

PROGRAM ADVISORY COMMITTEE

CHAIRS Mary Beckerle David Clark Cora Marrett University of Utah Massachusetts Institute National Science Alan Leshner of Technology Foundation formerly, American Arthur Bienenstock Association for the Stanford University Wayne Clough James Simons Advancement of Science Georgia Institute of Simons Foundation Emery Brown Technology; formerly, Geraldine L. Richmond Massachusetts Institute Smithsonian Institution Jeannette Wing University of Oregon of Technology; Columbia University Harvard Medical School; Robert Horvitz Massachusetts General Massachusetts Institute MEMBERS Hospital of Technology

Nancy C. Andrews Claude Canizares Leah Jamieson Duke University Massachusetts Institute Purdue University School of Medicine of Technology

PROJECT The Public Face of Science

The Academy’s multiyear initiative on the Public Face such efforts by fostering a greater understanding of the of Science addresses various aspects of the complex and public’s attitudes toward science. evolving relationship between scientists and the public and examines how trust in science is shaped by individu- The third and final project report of the initiative, entitled al experiences, beliefs, and engagement with science. Ad- The Public Face of Science in America: Priorities for the Future, ditional project activities have included published work presents a series of proposed policy recommendations for on the role of science in the legal system and the coordina- target audiences to improve the practice of science com- tion and deployment of scientific teams as part of crisis re- munication and engagement. This report was informed by sponse. The initiative has brought together a broad range the findings of the earlier publications of the initiative, Per- of experts in communication, law, humanities, the arts, ceptions of Science in America and Encountering Science in Amer- journalism, public affairs, and the physical, social, and life ica, which aggregated data both on how Americans view sciences. While this project does not directly address sci- the role of science in society and how they interact with entific literacy in K-12 and adult education, it will inform science in their everyday lives.

PROJECT CHAIR Geoffrey Cowan Rush D. Holt, Jr. Kenneth Prewitt University of Southern formerly, American Columbia University Richard Meserve California Association for the Covington & Burling LLP; Advancement of Science Rebecca Rimel formerly, Carnegie Institution Ellen Futter Pew Charitable Trusts for Science American Museum Kathleen Hall Jamieson of Natural History University of Pennsylvania Cristián Samper Wildlife Conservation Society STEERING GROUP Sylvester James Gates, Jr. Venkatesh Narayanamurti MEMBERS Brown University Harvard University Samuel Thier Harvard Medical School; Emilio Bizzi Robert Hauser Nora Newcombe Massachusetts General Massachusetts Institute American Philosophical Temple University Hospital of Technology Society

41 CONTINUED The Public Face of Science

PROJECT STAFF FUNDERS

Erica Kimmerling Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Tania Munz Rita Allen Foundation John Randell Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Rebecca Tiernan Amanda Vernon

PROJECT PUBLICATIONS

The Public Face of Science in America: Priorities for Encountering Science in America the Future (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2019) (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2020) Perceptions of Science in America Science During Crisis: Best Practices, Research Needs, (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2018) and Policy Priorities Rita R. Colwell and Gary E. Machlis (American Academy “Science & the Legal System,” Dædalus of Arts and Sciences, 2019) edited by Shari Seidman Diamond & Richard O. Lempert (2018) The Public Face of Science Across the World Matthew C. Nisbet and Erik C. Nisbet (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2019)

42 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY PROJECT MEETING

Science During Crisis: Panel Presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science

February 14, 2020 Washington State Convention Center Seattle, WA

Science During Crisis authors Rita Colwell (University of of Arts and Sciences) spoke about international collabora- Maryland) and Gary Machlis (Clemson University) dis- tion within the use of science during crisis. Sandi Dough- cussed the importance of science in crisis responses rang- ton, the panel discussant, built upon these presentations ing from pandemics to environmental disasters to nation- by drawing connections to her experience reporting on the al security threats. Amanda Vernon (American Academy role of science in disaster situations with the Seattle Times.

SPEAKERS DISCUSSANT MODERATOR

Gary E. Machlis Amanda Vernon Sandi Doughton John C. Randell Clemson University American Academy of Seattle Times formerly, American Academy Arts and Sciences of Arts and Sciences Rita R. Colwell University of Maryland

(from left to right): Amanda Vernon (American Academy of Arts and Sciences), Rita Colwell (University of Maryland), Gary Machlis (Clemson University), Sandi Doughton (Seattle Times), and John Randell (formerly, American Academy of Arts and Sciences)

43 PROJECT Challenges for International Scientific Partnerships

The Academy study on Challenges for International Sci- fundamental principles for these types of collaborations entific Partnerships (CISP) examines impediments to col- and will aim to articulate these to U.S. government agen- laborations between scientific researchers of all scales cies and congressional branches through a forthcoming re- and identifies potential policy changes and best practic- port to better position the United States as a meaningful es that could make the United States a better partner in and engaged partner. international science partnerships. With guidance from its Steering Committee, the project pursues two major Through advice from the Steering Committee, the project streams of work. has sought a second stream of work on U.S. collaborations with Emerging Science Partners (ESPs). This working First, a working group on Large-Scale Science approaches group is exploring issues particular to U.S. scientific collab- international collaborations through the lens of issues par- orations, at all scales, with countries seeking to boost their ticular to large-scale collaborations and not peer-to-peer scientific capacity, particularly those with limited resourc- or small-scale international work. This group has been es to do so. The group prioritizes identifying and exam- tasked with exploring how the United States can enhance ining difficult issues facing resource-limited researchers, their role in these partnerships, both in physical facilities such as the challenges facing women researchers in the de- (e.g., the European Organization for Nuclear Research, or veloping world, and will articulate a series of recommen- CERN) and distributed networks (e.g., the Human Cell At- dations to aid in strengthening collaborations and making las). This group is developing a series of best practices and them more mutually beneficial.

PROJECT CHAIRS Cherry Murray Claude R. Canizares EMERGING SCIENCE University of Arizona; Massachusetts Institute PARTNERS WORKING Arthur Bienenstock formerly, U.S. Department of Technology GROUP Stanford University of Energy Bill Colglazier Shirley Malcom, Cochair Peter Michelson Venkatesh Narayanamurti American Association for the American Association for the Stanford University Harvard University Advancement of Science Advancement of Science

Olufunmilayo Olopade Inez Fung Olufunmilayo Olopade, STEERING COMMITTEE University of Chicago University of California, Cochair Medicine Berkeley University of Chicago Claude R. Canizares Medicine Massachusetts Institute Geraldine Richmond Michael Holland of Technology University of Oregon University of Pittsburgh Bruce Alberts University of California, David Fidler Vaughan Turekian Kaye Husbands Fealing San Francisco Indiana University National Academies of Georgia Institute Maurer School of Law Sciences, Engineering, and of Technology Arthur Bienenstock, Medicine ex officio Matthias Hentze Cherry Murray Stanford University European Molecular Biology Caroline Wagner University of Arizona Laboratory Ohio State University Rita R. Colwell Philip Rubin University of Maryland John Hildebrand Yale University University of Arizona LARGE-SCALE SCIENCE James W. Curran WORKING GROUP Gary Sanders Emory University William Lee California Institute Wilmer Cutler Pickering Arthur Bienenstock, of Technology Ali Douraghy Hale and Dorr Cochair Lawrence Berkeley National Stanford University Diane Souvaine Laboratory Shirley Malcom Tufts University American Association for the Peter Michelson, Cochair Nina Dudnik Advancement of Science Stanford University Seeding Labs

44 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY CONTINUED Challenges for International Scientific Partnerships

Mohamed Hassan Peggy Oti-Boateng PROJECT STAFF FUNDERS The World Academy United Nations Educational, of Sciences Scientific, and Cultural Tania Munz Gordon and Betty Moore Organization Foundation John Randell John Hildebrand William and Flora Hewlett University of Arizona Flavia Schlegel Gregory Savageau Foundation United Nations Educational, Rebecca Tiernan Nkem Khumbah Scientific, and Cultural Alfred P. Sloan Foundation University of Michigan Organization Kathleen Torgesen Amanda Vernon Peter Michelson, ex officio Caroline Wagner Stanford University Ohio State University

PROJECT MEETINGS

Large-Scale Science Working Group Large-Scale Science Working Group Workshop Meeting

July 29–30, 2019 October 21, 2019 Sofitel Hotel Kimpton Hotel George Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.

The Large-Scale Science Working Group convened a two- The Large-Scale Science Working Group met to discuss day meeting to workshop a series of proposed recommen- progress made since its last convening in July. The meeting dations. The participants included members of the Steer- included an in-depth discussion of a case statement and ing Committee and Large-Scale Science Working Group as the utilization of a series of case studies on various interna- well as other key policy experts in this space. The discus- tional scientific collaborations. In addition, the members sions helped to inform the committee’s decision to pub- discussed the principles that should be included and sup- lish a case statement for international scientific partner- ported in the committee’s report for beginning and man- ships as well as a focused report on large-scale scientific aging collaborations of this scale, both at large-scale facili- collaboration. ties and in distributed networks.

MEETING CHAIRS MEETING CHAIRS

Arthur Bienenstock Peter Michelson Arthur Bienenstock Peter Michelson Stanford University Stanford University Stanford University Stanford University

45 Emerging Science Partners Working Annual Meeting of African Science Group Meeting Academies

October 30, 2019 November 14–17, 2019 Hilton Chicago O’Hare Airport Accra, Ghana Chicago, IL At the Fifteenth Annual Meeting of African Science Acad- Members of the Emerging Science Partners Working emies (AMASA-15), hosted by the Ghana Academy of Arts Group convened for a one-day workshop to finalize a work & Sciences, the American Academy, in close collaboration plan for consultations with scientists and policy-makers with the Network of African Science Academies (NASAC), across the world. Through a series of teleconferences in participated in two sessions. The first session asked par- the months prior to the meeting, the group began to de- ticipants to discuss the challenges and successes they have velop a series of recommendations for targeted audiences faced in collaborations with the United States. The second to improve collaborations between the United States and session workshopped several recommendations generat- emerging science partners and used this meeting to worked by the Emerging Science Partners Working Group. The shop these recommendations further. feedback informed revisions to the recommendations, as well as the addition of new recommendations for the group MEETING CHAIRS to consider.

Shirley Malcom Olufunmilayo Olopade In addition to attending AMASA, the Academy held a series American Association for the University of Chicago of meetings with scientists, policy-makers, and leaders of Advancement of Science Medicine science organizations located in Accra–such as the West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, the Asso- ciation of African Universities, and the Google AI Lab–to discuss the project further.

Shirley Malcom (American Association for the Advancement of Science), cochair of the Emerging Science Partners Working Group, described the project and moderated a discussion with participants on their experiences, both negative and positive, of collaborating with scientists in the United States.

46 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY Emerging Science Partners Working Group Cochair Olufunmilayo Olopade (center) and project staff visited the West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), located at the University of Ghana, to discuss the challenges and opportunities of partnerships between WACCBIP researchers and U.S. scientific collaborators.

Emerging Science Partners Working Group: Meeting with Government-Led Partnerships Programs

January 16–17, 2020 British Academy London, United Kingdom

The Emerging Science Partners Working Group convened and development, to program management, to elevating a small group of participants from key development fund- and supporting additional opportunities for funded pro- ing agencies to discuss best practices for science funding grams and scientists. The insights gained from the meeting programs with countries in the developing world. These will inform the forthcoming report of the working group. discussions ranged from best practices for program design

MEETING CHAIRS

Peter Michelson Shirley Malcom Stanford University American Association for the Advancement of Science

Virtual Soundings for Emerging Science Partners Working Group

March, April, and May 2020 Virtual Meetings

The COVID-19 pandemic directly impacted the CISP proj- group members for a series of virtual meetings to discuss ect in numerous ways. A planned series of soundings in the project’s initial recommendations and identify ways to Nairobi, Kenya, Singapore, and Bogota, Colombia were build and foster collaborations between the United States shifted to virtual formats. Participants from countries and emerging science partners. around the world joined the project cochairs and working

MEETING CHAIRS

Arthur Bienenstock Peter Michelson Shirley Malcom Olufunmilayo Olopade Stanford University Stanford University American Association for the University of Chicago Advancement of Science Medicine

47 PROJECT New Models for U.S. Science and Technology

This project assembled recognized leaders from all sectors The Restoring the Foundation report, published in 2014, offers of science, engineering, and technology to recommend actionable recommendations for the long-term sustain- policy actions to help ensure the long-term sustainabili- ability of the U.S. science and engineering research system ty of the U.S. science and engineering research enterprise. to ensure a healthy research enterprise that continues to Scientific and technological advances are fundamental to benefit the American people. An update to the report,The the prosperity, health, and security of America. Innova- Perils of Complacency: America at a Tipping Point in Science & tion and rapid integration of new knowledge and technol- Engineering, reaffirms the importance of science and engi- ogies emerge from investments in research and develop- neering for the United States, especially in the context of ment and rely on the partnerships between universities, China’s rise as a science and technology powerhouse. federal and state governments, and industry. Staying glob- ally competitive will require a stronger partnership and a greater focus on long-term planning in scientific and engineering research.

PROJECT CHAIRS Jared Cohon Richard A. Meserve Jeannette M. Wing Carnegie Mellon University Covington & Burling LLP; Columbia University Norman R. Augustine formerly, Carnegie Institution Lockheed Martin James J. Duderstadt for Science Elias Zerhouni Corporation, ret. University of Michigan formerly Sanofi; formerly, C.D. Mote, Jr. National Institutes of Health; Neal Lane Mark C. Fishman University of Maryland; formerly, Johns Hopkins Rice University Harvard University formerly, National Academy University School of Medicine of Engineering Sylvester James Gates, Jr. PROJECT MEMBERS Brown University Venkatesh “Venky” PROJECT STAFF Narayanamurti Nancy C. Andrews Bart Gordon Harvard University Tania Munz Duke University K&L Gates; formerly, U.S. John Randell School of Medicine House of Representatives Maxine L. Savitz Honeywell, Inc., ret. Amanda Vernon John E. Bryson M.R.C. Greenwood formerly, U.S. Department of University of Hawaii Robert F. Sproull Commerce; formerly, Edison University of Massachusetts, FUNDERS International John L. Hennessy Amherst; formerly, Oracle Alphabet, Inc.; Corporation Bryson Science Fund Thomas R. Cech Stanford University Hellman Fellow’s Fund University of Colorado Subra Suresh Boulder Charles O. Holliday, Jr. Nanyang Technological Royal Dutch Shell plc University Steven Chu Stanford University; formerly, Peter S. Kim Shirley M. Tilghman U.S. Department of Energy Stanford University; formerly, Princeton University Merck Research Laboratories

48 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY PROJECT PUBLICATIONS

The Perils of Complacency: America at a Tipping Point in Science & Engineering (American Academy of Arts and Sciences and Rice University’s Baker Institute for Public Policy, 2020)

Restoring the Foundation: The Vital Role of Research in Preserving the American Dream (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2014)

PROJECT Climate Change

The Academy seeks to launch a new Science, Engineering, involving nontraditional disciplines in the project work, and Technology initiative to focus on the current climate including social scientists, artists, and humanists. The ini- change situation facing our global society. The scientific tiative will seek to further understanding of the barriers consensus is clear: climate change is upon us, and its im- that prevent effective and collective action and propose pacts will be devastating and increasingly difficult to pre- strategies for how to overcome these barriers in order to vent and address if we do not take action now. With such make progress on moving productive conversations for- strong scientific backing across the international scientific ward. It will also identify potential policies to propose to community, what has prevented meaningful action? relevant U.S.-focused audiences to encourage the implementation of essential adaptation and mitigation strate- The project will be developed around two key ideas, in- gies to build resiliency and prepare communities, especial- formed through a series of discussions held in the past ly those currently on the frontlines, for the inevitable cli- year: 1) targeting U.S. audiences at various levels and 2) mate future.

PROJECT STAFF

Tania Munz Kathleen Torgesen Rebecca Tiernan Amanda Vernon

PROJECT MEETING

Virtual Convening on Climate Change

May 4, 2020 Virtual Meeting

The Academy hosted a virtual meeting with a small group variety of consultations in the months prior to the meet- of experts from a range of disciplines to discuss a poten- ing, the participants discussed the problem statement the tial work plan and the desired impact of a climate initia- initiative should address and how this work could most ef- tive. Based on perspectives and ideas collected through a fectively proceed.

MEETING CHAIRS

Christopher Field David Oxtoby Stanford University American Academy of Arts and Sciences

49 The Exploratory Fund

he Exploratory Fund was established in 2015 to support members who wish to work together and with other scholars, experts, and practitioners to look T for issues and opportunities not well understood, to think of problems in a fresh way, and to search for connections between research and policy that advance the common good. Through the Exploratory Fund, the Academy is committed to encouraging forward-thinking collaborations that incorporate diverse perspectives and bring together creative thinkers and leaders representing a range of disciplines, career stages, backgrounds, and experiences.

Proposals are accepted on a rolling basis and awarded funds to cover the costs associated with an exploratory meeting. The Exploratory Fund is made possible through the generous support of the Arn- hold Foundation, John F. Cogan, Jr.,† Michael E. Gellert, Bob and Kristine Higgins, Carl and Betty Pforzheimer, William Poorvu, and Kenneth L. and Susan S. Wallach. † Deceased

RECENT EXPLORATORY MEETINGS

Young Adult Mental Health and Well-Being: Higher Education’s Responsibility

September 5–6, 2019 House of the Academy Cambridge, MA

On the campuses of residential colleges and universities, gathering of university presidents and mental health lead- young adults (eighteen to twenty-five years old) are ex- ers explored the roles colleges and universities have in cre- periencing an intensifying crisis of their mental health ating campus cultures that foster student mental health and well-being. Students have increasing levels of depres- and well-being; deepened understanding of how recent sion and anxiety, which interfere with and may interrupt research can inform this work; and identified pathways both their academic and developmental progress. This forward.

MEETING CHAIRS FEATURED SPEAKERS Wendy Fischman Paula Johnson & PARTICIPANTS Harvard University Wellesley College John DeGioia Georgetown University Paul Barreira Wayne Frederick Sarah K. Lipson Harvard Medical School; Howard University Boston University School David Oxtoby formerly, Harvard University of Public Health American Academy of Health Services Elizabeth Gong-Guy Arts and Sciences University of California, Jacqueline Looney Daniel Eisenberg Los Angeles Duke University University of Michigan; Healthy Minds Network Laura Horne Active Minds

50 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy THE EXPLORATORY FUND The Exploratory Fund

Jacqueline Looney (Duke University) addresses participants at the Exploratory Meeting on “Young Adult Mental Health and Well-Being: Higher Education’s Responsibility.”

CONTINUED Young Adult Mental Health and Well-Being: Higher Education’s Responsibility

Suzy Nelson Stephanie Pinder- Julie Reuben Chad Wellmon Massachusetts Institute Amaker Harvard Graduate School University of Virginia of Technology McLean Hospital College of Education Mental Health Program Vikram Patel Stephanie Bell Rose Harvard Medical School Zoe Ragouzeos TIAA Institute NYU Student Mental Health

Protecting Communities in Social Science Studies: Toward New Ethics

November 7–8, 2019 House of the Academy Cambridge, MA

This convening brought together researchers and admin- social sciences. The participants looked at how ethical is- istrators from universities, professional organizations, and sues related to large-scale studies have manifested them- institutional review boards. A series of open discussions selves in a variety of fields and evaluated proposed guide- allowed participants to share perspectives on some of the lines meant to address these challenges. most pressing challenges to contemporary fieldwork in the

MEETING CHAIR FEATURED SPEAKERS

Rose McDermott Jay Lyall David Oxtoby Brown University Dartmouth College American Academy of Arts and Sciences

51 Local Program Committees and Representatives

ocal Program Committees and Representatives bring together communities of members to connect, explore topics of interest, and advise L informally on Academy projects.

BERKELEY PROGRAM Katharine Park Lucia B. Rothman-Denes Eric Neilson COMMITTEE Harvard University University of Chicago Northwestern University

Pamela Samuelson, Chair Steven Pinker Geoffrey R. Stone James W. Pellegrino University of California, Harvard University University of Chicago University of Illinois Berkeley, School of Law at Chicago William Poorvu Amanda L. Woodward David A. Hollinger Harvard Business School University of Chicago Diane Wood University of California, United States Court of Berkeley Gigliola Staffilani Luigi Zingales Appeals, Seventh Circuit Massachusetts Institute University of Chicago Randy W. Schekman of Technology Booth School of Business University of California, GAINESVILLE Berkeley; Howard Hughes Mriganka Sur Northwestern University REPRESENTATIVES Medical Institute Massachusetts Institute Subcommittee of Technology Douglas E. Soltis Richard I. Morimoto, University of Florida BOSTON-CAMBRIDGE Sherry Turkle Cochair PLANNING COMMITTEE Massachusetts Institute Northwestern University Pamela S. Soltis of Technology University of Florida David E. Bloom Gary Fine Harvard T. H. Chan Northwestern University School of Public Health CHICAGO PROGRAM HOUSTON PROGRAM COMMITTEE Carol Lee COMMITTEE Richard E. Cavanagh Northwestern University Harvard Kennedy School University of Chicago Lee H. Rosenthal, Chair Subcommittee Natasha D. Trethewey United States District Court, Felton James Earls Northwestern University Southern District of Texas Harvard T. H. Chan Young-Kee Kim, Cochair School of Public Health; University of Chicago Downtown Chicago Ernest H. Cockrell Harvard Medical School Subcommittee Cockrell Interests, Inc.; Kate Baicker Cockrell Foundation Lawrence K. Fish University of Chicago Patrick G. Ryan, Cochair formerly, Citizens Bank Ryan Specialty Group; Edward P. Djerejian Mark Hansen World Sport Chicago Rice University Sally Haslanger University of Chicago Massachusetts Institute Shari Seidman Diamond Neal Francis Lane of Technology Jonathan Lear Northwestern University Rice University University of Chicago Pritzker School of Law Arthur Jaffe David W. Leebron Harvard University Anne Robertson John W. McCarter, Jr. Rice University University of Chicago Field Museum of Natural Susan Woods Paine History Ruth Simmons formerly, Museum of Robert Rosner Brown University Fine Arts Boston University of Chicago

52 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy LOCAL PROGRAM AND COMMITTEES REPRESENTATIVES Local Program Committees and Representatives

Edwin Thomas John Lithgow Alan Schwartz PHILADELPHIA PROGRAM Rice University Los Angeles, CA Yale Law School COMMITTEE

Huda Y. Zoghbi Thomas F. Rosenbaum Ian Shapiro Kathleen Hall Jamieson, Baylor College of Medicine California Institute Yale University Cochair of Technology University of Pennsylvania

LOS ANGELES PROGRAM Anneila Isabel Sargent NEW YORK PROGRAM Nora S. Newcombe, COMMITTEE California Institute COMMITTEE Cochair of Technology Temple University Louis Geoffrey Cowan, Carol Gluck, Cochair Chair Ernest James Wilson III Columbia University Philip P. Betancourt University of Southern University of Southern Temple University California California Kenneth K. Wallach, Cochair Nancy Bonini Frances Hamilton Arnold Central National-Gottesman University of Pennsylvania California Institute NEW HAVEN PROGRAM Inc. of Technology COMMITTEE Jonathan A. Epstein Diane Ackerman University of Pennsylvania Austin M. Beutner Frances McCall Ithaca, NY Perelman School of Medicine Vision to Learn Rosenbluth, Chair Yale University Jesse Ausubel Martha Julia Farah Gene D. Block Rockefeller University; University of Pennsylvania University of California, Thomas Appelquist Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Los Angeles Yale University Frank F. Furstenberg, Jr. Thomas Bender University of Pennsylvania Louise Henry Bryson Michael John Donoghue New York University J. Paul Getty Trust Yale University J. Larry Jameson Sylvian Cappell University of Pennsylvania Albert Carnesale Alan Gerber New York University Perelman School of Medicine University of California, Yale University Los Angeles Joseph Fins Jean-Michel Rabaté Linda Greenhouse Cornell University University of Pennsylvania James Cuno Yale Law School J. Paul Getty Trust Mark Kaplan Nathan Sivin Roger Evans Howe Skadden, Arps, Slate, University of Pennsylvania Louis M. Gomez Yale University Meagher & Flom, LLP University of California, Los Angeles John H. Langbein Dahlia Lithwick PRINCETON PROGRAM Yale Law School Slate Magazine COMMITTEE Maria D. Hummer-Tuttle J. Paul Getty Trust Thomas Pollard Matthew Santirocco Stanley Katz, Chair Yale University New York University Princeton University Steven S. Koblik The Huntington Library, Judith Resnik Peter Brooks Art Collections, and Botanical Yale Law School Princeton University Gardens John E. Roemer Michael A. Cook Sherry Lansing Yale University Princeton University Sherry Lansing Foundation

53 CONTINUED Local Program Committees and Representatives

Janet M. Currie Kerry Steven Bloom Tony Hunter SEATTLE PROGRAM Princeton University University of North Carolina Salk Institute for Biological COMMITTEE at Chapel Hill Studies Jill Dolan Charles Hirschman, Chair Princeton University Jacquelyn Dowd Hall Harvey J. Karten University of Washington University of North Carolina University of California, Carol Greenhouse at Chapel Hill San Diego School of Medicine Eric G. Adelberger Princeton University University of Washington Guillermo R. Sapiro Marta Kutas Arthur Levine Duke University University of California, Lawrence Corey Princeton University San Diego Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; Nolan McCarty SAN DIEGO PROGRAM David A. Lake University of Washington Princeton University COMMITTEE University of California, San Diego Patricia Buckley Ebrey Harold Poor Thomas Levy, Cochair University of Washington Princeton University University of California, J. Andrew McCammon San Diego University of California, Michael F. Goodchild Marta Tienda San Diego University of California, Princeton University Geoffrey M. Wahl, Cochair Santa Barbara Salk Institute for Biological Donald A. Norman Michael Wood Studies University of California, Donald K. Grayson Princeton University San Diego University of Washington Susan Ackerman Froma I. Zeitlin University of California, Jerrold M. Olefsky Everett Peter Greenberg Princeton University San Diego University of California, University of Washington San Diego School of Medicine Shu Chien Mark Groudine PROVIDENCE PROGRAM University of California, Ivan K. Schuller Fred Hutchinson Cancer COMMITTEE San Diego University of California, Research Center San Diego Rose M. McDermott, Patricia Smith Ray W. Hilborn Cochair Churchland Susan S. Taylor University of Washington Brown University University of California, University of California, San Diego San Diego School of Medicine Mary-Claire King Jill Pipher, Cochair University of Washington Brown University Fred H. Gage John B. West Salk Institute for Biological University of California, Lawrence A. Loeb Studies San Diego School of Medicine University of Washington RESEARCH TRIANGLE PROGRAM COMMITTEE Gordon N. Gill Marc Mangel University of California, University of California, Terry Magnuson, Cochair San Diego School of Medicine Santa Cruz University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Benedict H. Gross Elizabeth Alison Harvard University Thompson Paula D. McClain, Cochair University of Washington Duke University Theodore Groves University of California, John Aldrich San Diego Duke University

54 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy LOCAL PROGRAM AND COMMITTEES REPRESENTATIVES SOUTH FLORIDA WASHINGTON, D.C. Margaret C. Simms REPRESENTATIVE PROGRAM COMMITTEE Center on Labor, Human Services, and Population George Henry Conrades Norman R. Augustine at the Urban Institute Akamai Technologies Inc. Lockheed Martin Corporation David J. Skorton David G. Bradley Association of American ST. LOUIS PROGRAM Atlantic Media Medical Colleges COMMITTEE David B. Brooks Patty Stonesifer Gerald Early, Chair New York Times Company Martha’s Table Washington University in St. Louis A’Lelia Bundles Washington, D.C. Lee Epstein Washington University Mary Sue Coleman in St. Louis Association of American Universities Kenneth Marc Ludmerer Washington University John J. Degioia in St. Louis School of Georgetown University Medicine Donald Graham Emily Pulitzer Graham Holdings Co. The Pulitzer Foundation for the Arts Sanford D. Greenberg TEI Industries, Inc. Peter Raven Missouri Botanical Garden Steven Knapp Carnegie Museums Robert E. Ricklefs of Pittsburgh University of Missouri at St. Louis Alan I. Leshner American Association for the Larry Shapiro Advancement of Science University Health Partners of Hawaii Richard A. Meserve Covington & Burling LLP; James V. Wertsch formerly, Carnegie Institution Washington University for Science in St. Louis Erin K. O’Shea Mark Stephen Wrighton Howard Hughes Medical Washington University Institute in St. Louis Earl A. Powell III National Gallery of Art URBANA REPRESENTATIVE Rebecca W. Rimel John Albert Pew Charitable Trusts Katzenellenbogen University of Illinois Roger Sant at Urbana-Champaign The Summit Foundation

55 Member Events, 2019–2020

he Academy holds events around the country and the world. These gather- ings bring members and others in their communities together to explore T topics of national and global concern through an interdisciplinary lens that draws on the breadth and expertise of the Academy’s membership.

CALIFORNIA December 3, 2019 Salk Institute for Biological Studies BERKELEY Solving Our Climate Crisis* November 20, 2019 Featured Speaker: Al Gore (former Vice President of the University of California, Berkeley United States). Moderators: Veerabhadran Ramanathan (University of California, San Diego); Elizabeth Morton L. Mandel Public Lecture Simmons (University of California, San Diego) Arms Trafficking: Its Past, Present, and Future* Featured Speakers: Brian Delay (University of California, Berkeley); Ron Hassner (University of California, February 6, 2020 Berkeley); Daniel Sargent (University of California, University of California, San Diego Berkeley); Priya Satia (Stanford University). Moderator: San Diego Program Committee Meeting* David Hollinger (University of California, Berkeley)

SAN FRANCISCO LOS ANGELES November 21, 2019 November 17, 2019 San Francisco, CA J. Paul Getty Museum Member Luncheon with Academy President Members Reception* David W. Oxtoby Featured Speaker: John Lithgow (Los Angeles, CA). Introduction: James Cuno (J. Paul Getty Trust) STANFORD

December 2, 2019 SAN DIEGO Stanford University Member Reception with Academy President August 20, 2019 David W. Oxtoby University of California, San Diego Featured Speaker: Nathaniel Persily (Stanford Law School) San Diego Program Committee Meeting*

November 5, 2019 University of California, San Diego CONNECTICUT The Joy of Search* NEW HAVEN Featured Speaker: Dan Russell (Google). Moderator: Donald Norman (University of California, San Diego). September 27, 2019 Introduction: Geoff Wahl (Salk Institute for Biological Yale University Studies) One Interface of Fundamental Chemistry Research with Pharma/Biotech Collaborations* Featured Speaker: Scott Miller (Yale University). Introduc- *Activity of a Local Program Committee or Representative tion: Frances McCall Rosenbluth (Yale University)

56 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy MEMBER EVENTS, 2019–2020 EVENTS, MEMBER Member Events, 2019–2020

November 7, 2019 October 11, 2019 Yale University House of the Academy Fixing a Broken Global Order: Is it Too Late?* Meeting of Local Program Committee Chairs* Featured Speakers: Paul Kennedy (Yale University); Meeting Chair: Steven Knapp (Carnegie Museums of Samuel Kortum (Yale University); Ian Shapiro (Yale Pittsburgh; formerly, George Washington University) University); Jing Tsu (Yale University); Arne Westad (Yale University). Moderator: Frances McCall Rosenbluth (Yale University) October 11, 2019 Cambridge, MA A Celebration of the Arts and Humanities DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Featured Speakers: Elizabeth Alexander (The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation); Patricia Barber (Chicago, IL); WASHINGTON, D.C. Mark Bradford (Art + Practice); Harry J. Elam, Jr. (Stan- ford University); Donald Margulies (Yale University) October 30, 2019 Association of American Universities October 12, 2019 Satellite Discussion – Improving Teaching: Cambridge, MA Promoting Excellence in Undergraduate STEM Education Induction Ceremony Featured Speakers: Sandy Baum (Urban Institute); Mary Featured Speakers: Jo Handelsman (University of Wisconsin- Sue Coleman (Association of American Universities); Madison); Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein (University of Pennsylva- Michael S. McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation); nia); Sherrilyn Ifill (NAACP Legal Defense and Education Emily R. Miller (Association of American Universities); Fund); Margaret D. Jacobs (University of Nebraska- Tobin Smith (Association of American Universities) Lincoln); Ellen Mosley-Thompson (Ohio State Universi- ty); Lonnie G. Thompson (Ohio State University); Ronald Olson (Munger, Tolles & Olson); Jane Olson (Pacific Council on International Policy; Human Rights Watch) ILLINOIS

CHICAGO October 13, 2019 House of the Academy January 28, 2020 Annual David M. Rubenstein Lecture University of Chicago A Conversation with Anna Deavere Smith University of Chicago Program Committee Featured Speakers: Anna Deavere Smith (New York Uni- Meeting* versity Tish School for the Arts); David M. Rubenstein (The Carlyle Group)

MASSACHUSETTS October 30, 2019 CAMBRIDGE House of the Academy 2019 Distinguished Morton L. Mandel Annual September 20, 2019 Public Lecture House of the Academy Improving Teaching: Strengthening the College Social Reception for Members* Learning Experience Featured Speaker: Naomi Oreskes (Harvard University) Featured Speakers: Sandy Baum (Urban Institute); Michael S. McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation)

57 David Oxtoby and Bruce Western Joel Cohen, Dolores Root, and David Lewis

Patricia Barber, Donald Margulies, Elizabeth Alexander, and Harry Elam Jr.

58 William Moerner and Sharon Moerner Annie Proulx and Shawn Wong MEMBER EVENTS, 2019–2020 EVENTS, MEMBER

Margaret Beal Spencer (center) and guests

Marie Washington and A. Eugene Florence Peacock, Brigid L.M. Hogan, and Nancy Andrews Washington

Anna Deavere Smith and David Rubenstein 59 CONTINUED Massachusetts MISSOURI

ST. LOUIS November 8, 2019 House of the Academy August 27, 2019 Missouri History Museum The Age of Living Machines: How Biology Will Build the Next Technology An Evening at the Missouri History Museum: Connecting Exhibits to Community* Featured Speaker: Susan Hockfield (Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology) Featured Speaker: Frances Levine (Missouri Historical So- ciety). Introduction: Kenneth Ludmerer (Washington Uni- versity in St. Louis) December 12, 2019 House of the Academy Winter Concert: Music and the Nobel Peace Prize NORTH CAROLINA Featured Performers: Lynn Chang (Violinist); Ariel Chap- man (Violinist); Tai Kim (Pianist); Ha-eun Ryu (Violin- CHAPEL HILL ist); Alan Toda-Ambraras (Cellist) October 29, 2019 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill December 16, 2019 Reception to Welcome New Members in the House of the Academy Research Triangle* Meeting of the Boston Biotech Working Group Featured Speakers: David W. Oxtoby (American Academy Featured Speakers: Sangeeta Bhatia (Massachusetts Insti- of Arts and Sciences); Walt Wolfram (North Carolina tute of Technology); Susan Hockfield (Massachusetts In- State University). Introduction: Terry Magnusson (Uni- stitute of Technology); Nancy Hopkins (Massachusetts versity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill); Paula McClain Institute of Technology) (Duke University)

February 19, 2020 DURHAM House of the Academy December 20, 2019 Criminal Justice as Social Justice Duke University Featured Speaker: Bruce Western (Columbia University) Research Triangle Program Committee Meeting*

March 6, 2020 House of the Academy NEW YORK “The Resisters” Book Talk NEW YORK Featured Speaker: Gish Jen (Cambridge, MA) October 30, 2019 Teachers College, Columbia University Satellite Discussion—Improving Teaching: Academic Learning or Occupational Skill? A False Dichotomy Featured Speakers: Thomas Bailey (Teachers College, Co- lumbia University); Sandy Baum (Urban Institute); Clive Belfield (Queens College, City University of New York); Michael S. McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation)

60 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy MEMBER EVENTS, 2019–2020 EVENTS, MEMBER

Tai Kim, Ha-eun Ryu, Alan Toda-Ambraras, Ariel Chapman, and Lynn Chang

David Oxtoby, David Miliband, and Jonathan Fanton Konstantinos E.D. Meghir, Xiaohong Chen, and Steven Wilkinson

Members and guests view a portrait of Manet by Henri Fantin-Latour at the J. Paul Getty Museum. 61 CONTINUED New York November 19, 2019 University of Washington

Morton L. Mandel Public Lecture February 4, 2020 Writing into the Sunset* New York, NY Featured Speakers: Annie Proulx (Seattle, WA); New York Program Committee Meeting* Shawn Wong (University of Washington)

February 4, 2020 New York, NY January 9, 2020 University of Washington Jonathan F. Fanton Lecture The Global Refugee Crisis: What’s Next and Seattle Local Program Committee Meeting* What Can Be Done? Featured Speaker: David Miliband (International Rescue Committee) WISCONSIN

MADISON

TEXAS October 30, 2019 University of Wisconsin-Madison HOUSTON Satellite Discussion—Improving Teaching: One Professor’s Experience September 10, 2019 Rice University Featured Speakers: Sandy Baum (Urban Institute); Harry Brighouse (University of Wisconsin-Madison); Dr. John Mendelsohn’s Legacy and the Future of Michael S. McPherson (formerly, Spencer Foundation) Cancer Research* Featured Speakers: Andrew Futreal (The University of Tex- as MD Anderson Cancer Center); Margaret Kripke (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center); John VIRTUAL EVENTS Zerwas (Texas House of Representatives). Introduction: David W. Leebron (Rice University); Peter WT Pisters April 9, 2020 (The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center) How to Talk to Coronavirus Skeptics Featured Speaker: Naomi Oreskes (Harvard University)

WASHINGTON April 21, 2020 SEATTLE Immigration’s “Malaise” in the Age of COVID-19 September 17, 2019 Featured Speaker: Marcelo Suárez-Orozco (University of University of Washington Massachusetts Boston; formerly, University of California, Los Angeles) Seattle Local Program Committee Meeting*

September 17, 2019 April 30, 2020 University of Washington The Science and Epidemiology of COVID-19 Member Reception with Academy President Featured Speakers: Lawrence Corey (Fred Hutchinson David W. Oxtoby* Cancer Research Center; University of Washington); Jaime Sepulveda (University of California, San Fran cisco). Moderator: Nancy C. Andrews (Duke University School of Medicine)

62 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy MEMBER EVENTS, 2019–2020 EVENTS, MEMBER May 13, 2020 Gender, Work, and COVID-19 Featured Speakers: Frances McCall Rosenbluth (Yale Uni- versity); Debora Spar (Harvard Business School). Intro- duction: Nannerl Keohane (Princeton University)

May 27, 2020 How the Arts are Surviving the COVID-19 Pandemic Featured Speakers: Robert Lynch (Americans for the Arts); Michael O’Bryan (The Village of Arts and Humanities). Moderator: Tania Munz (American Academy of Arts and Sciences)

June 11, 2020 Our Common Purpose: Reinventing American Democracy for the 21st Century Featured Speakers: Danielle Allen (Harvard University); David Brooks (The New York Times); Stephen B. Heintz (Rockefeller Brothers Fund); Eric Liu (Citizens Universi- PBS ty); Judy Woodruff ( ) David Oxtoby and Al Gore

Mark Wrighton, David Konig, Judy Mann, and Emily Rauh Pulitzer 63 Affiliates of the American Academy

he Affiliates program is a partnership between the Academy and leading colleges, universities, and cultural and scientific organizations. The Affiliates collaborate with the Academy by par- T ticipating in its studies and by helping to support its efforts to advance the common good.

Amherst College Carnegie Institution for Science Duke University Carolyn A. “Biddy” Martin, President Eric D. Isaacs, President Vincent E. Price, President

Arizona State University Carnegie Mellon University Emory University Michael M. Crow, President Farnam Jahanian, President Gregory L. Fenves, President

Boston University Columbia University Georgetown University Robert A. Brown, President Lee C. Bollinger, President John J. DeGioia, President

Brandeis University Cornell University The George Washington University Ronald D. Liebowitz, President Martha E. Pollack, President Thomas J. LeBlanc, President

Brown University Dana-Farber Cancer Institute Georgia Institute of Technology Christina Hull Paxson, President Laurie H. Glimcher, President and CEO Ángel Cabrera, President

California Institute of Technology Dartmouth College The J. Paul Getty Trust Thomas F. Rosenbaum, President Philip J. Hanlon, President James Cuno, President and CEO

64 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy AFFILIATES OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY Affiliates of the American Academy

Harvard University New York University Rice University Lawrence S. Bacow, President Andrew D. Hamilton, President David W. Leebron, President

Indiana University Northeastern University Rutgers, The State University Michael A. McRobbie, President Joseph E. Aoun, President of New Jersey Jonathan Holloway, President

Johns Hopkins University Northwestern University Rutgers University – Newark Ronald J. Daniels, President Morton O. Schapiro, President Nancy E. Cantor, Chancellor

Lowell Observatory The Ohio State University Smithsonian Institution William Lowell Putnam, IV, Trustee Michael V. Drake, President Lonnie G. Bunch III, Secretary

Massachusetts Institute Pomona College Spelman College of Technology G. Gabrielle Starr, President Mary Schmidt Campbell, President L. Rafael Reif, President

Michigan State University Princeton University Stanford University Samuel L. Stanley, Jr., President Christopher L. Eisgruber, President Marc Tessier-Lavigne, President

65 CONTINUED Affiliates of the American Academy

Syracuse University University of California, Los Angeles University of Hawai‘i Kent D. Syverud, Chancellor and President Gene D. Block, Chancellor David Lassner, President

Texas A&M University University of California, Riverside University of Illinois at Urbana- Michael K. Young, President Kim A. Wilcox, Chancellor Champaign Robert J. Jones, Chancellor

Tufts University University of California, San Diego University of Iowa Anthony P. Monaco, President Pradeep K. Khosla, Chancellor Bruce Harreld, President

University of Arizona University of California, Santa Barbara University of Maryland Robert C. Robbins, President Henry T. Yang, Chancellor Darryll J. Pines, President

University of California, Berkeley University of California, Santa Cruz University of Miami Carol T. Christ, Chancellor Cynthia K. Larive, Chancellor Julio Frenk, President

University of California, Davis University of Chicago University of Michigan Gary S. May, Chancellor Robert J. Zimmer, President Mark S. Schlissel, President

University of California, Irvine University of Florida University of Minnesota Howard Gillman, Chancellor W. Kent Fuchs, President Joan T.A. Gabel, President

66 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy AFFILIATES OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY

University of Nebraska-Lincoln University of Southern California Vanderbilt University Ronnie D. Green, Chancellor Carol L. Folt, President Daniel Diermeier, Chancellor

University of North Carolina University of Texas at Austin Virginia Polytechnic Institute and at Chapel Hill Jay Hartzell, Interim President State University Kevin M. Guskiewicz, Chancellor Timothy D. Sands, President

University of Notre Dame University of Texas System Wake Forest University Rev. John I. Jenkins, C.S.C., President James B. Milliken, Chancellor Nathan O. Hatch, President

University of Oregon University of Utah Washington University in St. Louis Michael H. Schill, President Ruth V. Watkins, President Andrew D. Martin, Chancellor

University of Pennsylvania University of Virginia Yale University Amy Gutmann, President James E. Ryan, President Peter Salovey, President

University of Pittsburgh University of Washington Patrick D. Gallagher, Chancellor Ana Mari Cauce, President

University of Rochester University of Wisconsin-Madison Sarah C. Mangelsdorf, President Rebecca M. Blank, Chancellor

67 Portrait of a Patron

Morton L. Mandel

n 2019, the Academy mourned the passing of business leader and philanthropist Morton L. Mandel, who died at the age of I98 on October 16, 2019. Elected a member of the Academy in 2011, Mr. Mandel is the single largest donor in the Academy’s history with contributions totaling $14,332,000, most of which was committed between June 2015 and October 2019.

Morton Mandel served as Chairman and Chief Executive of two new positions: Chief Program Officer and Di- Officer of both Parkwood,LLC and the Jack, Joseph, and rector of Strategic Implementation. His generosity has Morton Mandel Foundation, which supports numerous strengthened the Academy’s ability to select and execute social leadership initiatives in the United States and Isra- high-quality work and extended the reach and influence el. The Foundation’s work is grounded in the belief that ex- of the institution. ceptional leaders, inspired by powerful ideas, are key to improving society and the lives of people around the world. y Mr. Mandel insisted on supporting capital projects at the Academy’s headquarters in Cambridge, MA. A grant of Mr. Mandel believed fervently in the Academy and wanted more than $2.2 million has provided support for land- his philanthropy to serve as a challenge and a model for oth- scaping, exterior lighting and security cameras, upgrades er potential donors. His giving helped transform the institu- to the climate control systems, software upgrades, and tion in numerous ways: kitchen and restroom renovations. In addition, this summer a new portico was added to the front entrance. y Morton Mandel relished his membership in the Acade- my and helped create a program that would engage more y Mr. Mandel believed that the humanities are the founda- members in the life and work of the institution. Grants tion of human aspiration and experience. His final grant from the Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel Foundation to the Academy included more than $1.8 million to sup- of $1.5 million in endowment and more than $650,000 in port the institution’s archival collections and to docu- expendable funds have supported two Membership En- ment nearly 250 years of “useful knowledge” generated gagement positions, which have allowed the Academy to in service to the common good. build a network of Local Program Committees and Rep- Morton Mandel’s commitment to the Academy epitomized resentatives that bring members together in locations the vision set forth by the Academy’s founders of a patriot across the country to forge social and intellectual con- dedicated to advancing the common good and devoted to nections, promote civil discourse, explore important is- service to others, to the nation, and to the world. sues, and elevate the impact of the Academy’s work. The Academy has established committees or representatives As Academy member Jehuda Reinharz, president and chief in 18 cities and areas of the country, including Washing- executive officer of the Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel ton, D.C.; Houston; St. Louis; Seattle; Philadelphia; and Foundation, noted, “The positive impact Mort made in San Diego. this world is beyond measure. His values of generosity, his y Mr. Mandel believed deeply in the work of the Acade- respect for others, and his integrity will be his everlasting my and provided $2.75 million to support the creation legacy.”

68 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy PORTRAIT OF A PATRON Portrait of a Patron

Membership Local Committee Local Representative

Select projects and initiatives supported by Morton Mandel (clockwise from top): The Academy’s network of Local Program Committees and Representatives; among the Academy’s archival collections: a telegram from Martin Luther King Jr. accepting his election to the Academy; and a new portico at the front entrance of the Academy’s building.

69 the academy its future A $100 Million Campaign for the American Academy of Arts & Sciences

FOR 240 YEARS, the nation has looked to the private sectors the benefit of the Academy’s in- American Academy of Arts and Sciences to of- tellectual capital in the ways it can be of great- fer wisdom and insight into the most profound is- est service. sues of the time. In 1780, that was the formation ENCOMPASS MORE VOICES AND PER- of a free republic. In the 1850s, it was understand- SPECTIVES: Purposefully increase the diver- ing the changing natural environment through sity of perspectives that shape the Academy’s the theory of evolution. In 1960, it was the cre- work through inclusivity of members, staff, ation and exploration of a field called arms con- contributors, and audiences. trol–in fact, the Academy coined that term. To- day, it includes such questions as how we can sus- Philanthropic support from foundations and tain the dream of American democracy in the face individuals has long fostered our ability to be in- of widening divides; and how as citizens of our dependent, interdisciplinary, and innovative. As planet we can respond to environmental change the challenges that we face today–and our aspira- and its implications for migration, conflict, public tions to address these challenges–outpace our ex- health, and natural resources in order to provide isting resources, we seek to ensure our continued for a more promising global future. stability and growth in the following ways: Numbering nearly 6,000 of the nation’s and world’s most accomplished individuals, Academy DOUBLE THE ACADEMY’S ENDOWMENT members combine their extraordinary expertise from $35 to $70 million to enable continuity of and convene other critical stakeholders to put in- long-term programs, provide the flexibility to formed recommendations in the hands of those on explore new ideas and launch promising initia- the front lines of these issues. Though this kind of tives, and pursue opportunities to increase the independent, balanced, and nonpartisan resource Academy’s visibility and impact. is perhaps needed now more than ever, the Acade- SECURE PROGRAM GRANTS AND my stands among very few organizations that have MAJOR GIFTS totaling $43.5 million to fund a the intellectual stature, interdisciplinary represen- growing portfolio of influential initiatives. tation, and convening power to provide it. GROW UNRESTRICTED ANNUAL WE HAVE LAUNCHED A $100 MILLION SUPPORT by increasing the participation of CAMPAIGN to build a sustainable financial fu- the members and affiliate institutions so that ture for the Academy to continue to serve as a the Academy can respond to immediate needs source of knowledge on topics and activities of and opportunities. the greatest global significance. The Campaign for The Academy & Its Future, Importantly, the Campaign for The Academy & cochaired by Louise Henry Bryson and David M. Its Future builds on essential strengths and priori- Rubenstein, has raised over $60 million and is ties identified through our recent strategic plan: scheduled to conclude in June 2022. UPHOLD INDEPENDENT INQUIRY: Examine the most pressing challenges of the time and seek solutions with urgency and independence. You can add your support at amacad.org/donate or by contacting ACHIEVE GREATER INFLUENCE AND IM- PACT: Offer policy-makers, scholars, the me- the Academy’s Development Office dia, philanthropists, and those in the public and (617-576-5066; [email protected]).

70 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy FROM THE CHAIR OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Since its establishment in 1780, the American Acad- emy of Arts and Sciences has helped sustain the vitality of our nation, along with an awareness of the need for innovative, interdisciplinary solutions to the world’s most complex challenges. As I reflect on a year marked by tremendous upheaval on many fronts, I believe that the Academy’s enduring commitment to our founding values is more important than ever. I am deeply grateful for the contributions of our members’ intellectual leadership and philanthropy that make this possible. I commend my fellow members and the Academy staff for producing an impressive body of work this year, undeterred but appropriately influenced by the disruptions of COVID-19. The Commission on the Arts, Making Justice Accessible, and Rethinking the Humani- tarian Health Response to Violent Conflict–projects that were all well underway in spring 2020–took on even greater significance and quickly pivoted to account for the inequities magnified by the pandemic. In June, we releasedOur Common Pur- pose: Reinventing American Democracy for the 21st Century, the final report of the Com- mission on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship. The report offers 31 actionable recommendations to strengthen American democracy by 2026, our nation’s 250th anniversary. It could not have come at a more critical moment in our history, when we are witnessing extraordinary polarization at the same time as a civic reawaken- ing and a unifying love of country. In the time ahead, I hope that the Academy can continue to count on your in- volvement and generous support. I look forward to our ongoing collaboration and fellowship. Nancy C. Andrews

71 Academy Leadership

BOARD OF DIRECTORS Nancy C. Andrews, Chair Carl H. Pforzheimer III, Nannerl O. Keohane Larry J. Shapiro Duke University School of Treasurer Princeton University University Health Partners Medicine Carl H. Pforzheimer and Co. Cherry A. Murray of Hawaii David W. Oxtoby, President Geraldine L. Richmond, University of Arizona Shirley M. Tilghman American Academy of Arts Secretary Venkatesh Narayanamurti Princeton University and Sciences University of Oregon Harvard University Natasha Trethewey Alan M. Dachs, Vice Chair K. Anthony Appiah David M. Rubenstein Northwestern University Fremont Group New York University The Carlyle Group Pauline Yu Diane P. Wood, Louise H. Bryson Deborah F. Rutter American Council of Vice Chair The J. Paul Getty Trust John F. Kennedy Center Learned Societies U.S. Court of Appeals, John Mark Hansen for the Performing Arts Seventh Circuit University of Chicago

COUNCIL Diane P. Wood, Chair Paula J. Giddings Steven E. Miller Nancy C. Andrews, ex officio U.S. Court of Appeals, Smith College Harvard Kennedy School Duke University School of Seventh Circuit Annette Gordon-Reed Venkatesh Narayanamurti Medicine Helen M. Blau Harvard University Harvard University Alan M. Dachs, ex officio Stanford University Linda Greenhouse Frances McCall Rosenbluth Fremont Group School of Medicine Yale Law School Yale University David W. Oxtoby, ex officio Emery Brown Paula T. Hammond Scott D. Sagan American Academy of Arts Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts Institute Stanford University and Sciences Massachusetts General Hospital; of Technology Alfred Z. Spector Carl H. Pforzheimer III, Massachusetts Institute John Mark Hansen Two Sigma Investments ex officio of Technology Carl H. Pforzheimer and Co. University of Chicago Jeannette M. Wing David D. Clark Mary-Claire King Columbia University Geraldine L. Richmond, Massachusetts Institute ex officio University of Washington Susan Wolf of Technology University of Oregon Paula D. McClain University of North Carolina James Cuno Duke University at Chapel Hill The J. Paul Getty Trust

TRUST Alan M. Dachs, Chair Arthur Gelb Carl H. Pforzheimer III Samuel O. Thier Fremont Group Four Sigma Corporation Carl H. Pforzheimer and Co. Harvard Medical School; Philip Bredesen Michael E. Gellert Anne Litle Poulet Massachusetts General Hospital Nashville, Tennessee Windcrest Partners Frick Collection Kenneth L. Wallach Louise H. Bryson Stephen B. Heintz John W. Rogers, Jr. Central National-Gottesman, Inc. The J. Paul Getty Trust Rockefeller Brothers Fund Ariel Investments Nancy C. Andrews, ex officio Ernest H. Cockrell Antonia Hernández David M. Rubenstein Duke University School of Cockrell Interests, Inc. California Community The Carlyle Group Medicine Juan Enriquez Foundation Patti B. Saris David W. Oxtoby, ex officio Excel Venture Management Alberto Ibargüen U.S. District Court, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Frances Daly Fergusson John S. and James L. Knight District of Massachusetts Vassar College Foundation Sara Lee Schupf Geraldine L. Richmond, ex officio Mark C. Fishman Andrew R. Jassy New York, New York University of Oregon Harvard University Amazon.com James M. Stone Diane P. Wood, ex officio Ann M. Fudge Steven S. Koblik Plymouth Rock Companies U.S. Court of Appeals, Young & Rubicam Brands The Huntington Library, Marcelo M. Suárez-Orozco Seventh Circuit Art Collections, and University of Massachusetts Botanical Gardens Boston

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