240 YEARS OF SERVICE TO THE NATION 2020 AND THE WORLD PROJECTS, PUBLICATIONS & MEETINGS OF THE ACADEMY American Institutions, Society, and the Public Good Education and the Development of Knowledge Global Security and International Affairs The Humanities, Arts, and Culture Science, Engineering, and Technology With Appreciation . Academy projects, publications, and meetings are supported by gifts and grants from members, friends, foundations, corporations, Affiliates, and other funding agencies. The Academy expresses its deep appreciation for this support and to the many members who contribute to its work. Published by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, September 2020 CONTENTS CONTENTS From the President 3 Projects, Publications, and Meetings American Institutions, Society, and the Public Good Overview 4 Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship 5 Making Justice Accessible 11 Education and the Development of Knowledge Overview 12 Commission on the Future of Undergraduate Education 13 Global Security and International Affairs Overview 18 Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age, Phase One 20 Meeting the Challenges of the New Nuclear Age, Phase Two: Deterrence and New Nuclear States 22 Promoting Dialogue on Arms Control and Disarmament 24 Civil Wars, Violence, and International Responses 25 Rethinking the Humanitarian Health Response to Violent Conflict 27 The Humanities, Arts, and Culture Overview 28 Commission on the Arts 29 The Humanities Indicators 33 Science, Engineering, and Technology Overview 40 The Public Face of Science 41 Challenges for International Scientific Partnerships 44 New Models for U.S. Science and Technology 48 Climate Change 49 Exploratory Initiatives 50 Local Program Committees and Representatives 52 Member Events 56 Affiliates of the American Academy 64 Portrait of a Patron 68 The Academy & Its Future 70 From the Chair of the Board of Directors 71 Academy Leadership 72 FROM THE PRESIDENT THE FROM FROM THE PRESIDENT From its founding in 1780, the mission of the Amer- ican Academy of Arts and Sciences has been to ex- amine the most complex issues of the day through the extraordinary and interdisciplinary strength of its membership. Ever since, the Academy has con- tributed critical insights into the moments that have defined our nation’s history, such as the post–World War II recovery and the creation of the field of arms control during the Cold War. However, there have been other times when our voices have been silent. There is, for example, no record in the Academy’s work of the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic and very lit- tle in relation to the civil rights movement. These, I believe, would have been instructive research and learning references in light of the profound events of this year. It is, therefore, with gratitude that I submit this report on our projects, publica- tions, and programs from the past year. Our members are lending their voices to today’s deeply challenging issues, from the importance of the arts in free expres- sion, education, and civic engagement, to negotiating the complexities of new nu- clear states, to protecting those who serve on the front lines of violence and con- flict, to shining a light on the inequities of our criminal justice system, to strength- ening the practice of democratic citizenship. New and emerging projects will help promote environmental sustainability, understand the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, and examine the underpinnings of growing disparities in wealth and opportunity in our country. The work described herein is made possible thanks to the philanthropy of our members. I am deeply grateful for such support that enables the Academy to el- evate the use of evidence and knowledge, foster civil discourse, and advance the common good. I look forward to our continued work together in pursuit of these goals. David W. Oxtoby American Institutions, Society, and the Public Good ince its founding, projects of the Amer- ican Academy of Arts and Sciences that S work to bolster American citizens’ un- derstanding of and engagement with the in- stitutions of their government have been a hallmark of the Academy’s work. Our charter states that the “end and design” of the Ameri- can Academy is to “cultivate every art and sci- ence which may tend to advance the interest, honor, dignity, and happiness of a free, inde- pendent, and virtuous people.” Today this ef- fort involves projects designed to advance the state of scholarship about the nation’s insti- tutions and to develop innovative solutions to problems facing American society in the twenty-first century. Projects in this area in- terpret the term “institution” broadly, focus- ing on all of the constituent elements of gov- ernment and civil society. These projects ad- dress how individual citizens interact with social structures, how these experiences pre- pare people to make a positive contribution to a diverse America, and how these institu- tions are evolving. The Academy shares this research through publications, convenings, and active outreach. 4 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC THE AND SOCIETY, INSTITUTIONS, AMERICAN American Institutions, Society, and the Public Good PROGRAM ADVISORY COMMITTEE CHAIR MEMBERS Lee Epstein William Poorvu Washington University Harvard Business School Frances McCall Danielle Allen in St. Louis Rosenbluth Harvard University Kenneth Prewitt Yale University Susan Hanson Columbia University Thomas Bender Clark University New York University James M. Stone Antonia Hernández Plymouth Rock Companies Alan M. Dachs California Community Fremont Group Foundation PROJECT Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship The Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizen- empower everyday citizens. The project uses a definition of ship is a multiyear project of the American Academy of “citizenship” that extends beyond simple legal status to in- Arts and Sciences. The Commission focuses on the im- clude people who are “civic participants” in many domains pact of political institutions, civic culture, and civil soci- within their communities. ety on individual practice in contemporary democracy in the United States. The work of the Commission explores The project seeks to increase democratic engagement in the factors that encourage and discourage people from be- the United States with recommendations that will help coming engaged in their communities; sheds light on the empower voters, increase political and civic participation, mechanisms that help people connect across demograph- and revitalize our civic culture. Our Common Purpose: Rein- ic and ideological boundaries; examines how the transfor- venting American Democracy for the 21st Century, the Commis- mations in our media environment have altered what civ- sion’s final report and recommendations, was released in ic engagement looks like in many communities; and makes June 2020 and included a call to have significant progress recommendations that will encourage participation and on all of its recommendations by 2026. COMMISSION CHAIRS Caroline Brettell Lisa García Bedolla Wallace Jefferson Southern Methodist University of California, Alexander Dubose & Danielle Allen University Berkeley Jefferson, LLP Harvard University David Brooks Sam Gill Joseph Kahne Stephen Heintz The New York Times John S. and James L. Knight University of California, Rockefeller Brothers Fund Foundation Riverside David Campbell Eric Liu University of Notre Dame Marie Griffith Kei Kawashima-Ginsberg Citizen University Washington University Tufts University Alan Dachs in Saint Louis Fremont Group Yuval Levin COMMISSION MEMBERS Hahrie Han National Affairs Dee Davis Johns Hopkins University Sayu Bhojwani Center for Rural Strategies Carolyn Lukensmeyer The New American Leaders Antonia Hernández National Institute for Project Jonathan F. Fanton California Community Civil Discourse President Emeritus, American Foundation danah boyd Academy of Arts and Sciences Martha McCoy Data & Society Everyday Democracy 5 CONTINUED Commission on the Practice of Democratic Citizenship Lynn Nottage Miles Rapoport Ben Vinson PROJECT STAFF Playwright Harvard University Case Western Reserve University Paul Erickson Steven Olikara Michael Schudson Gabriela Farrell Millennial Action Project Columbia University Diane Wood U.S. Court of Appeals, Katherine Gagen Norman Ornstein Sterling Speirn Seventh Circuit Darshan Goux American Enterprise Institute National Conference on Citizenship Judy Woodruff Tania Munz Bob Peck PBS FPR Partners Marcelo Suárez-Orozco University of Massachusetts Ethan Zuckerman FUNDERS Pete Peterson Boston; formerly, University Massachusetts Institute Pepperdine University of California, Los Angeles of Technology S. D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation Rockefeller Brothers Foundation Alan and Lauren Dachs PROJECT PUBLICATIONS The Internet and Engaged Citizenship The Political and Civic Engagement of Immigrants David Karpf (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Caroline Brettell (American Academy of Arts and 2019) Sciences, 2020) The Data Driving Democracy Our Common Purpose: Reinventing American Christina Couch (American Academy of Arts and Democracy for the 21st Century Sciences, 2020) (American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2020) 6 2020 • Projects, Publications, Meetings, and Donors to the Academy AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS, SOCIETY, AND THE PUBLIC GOOD PUBLIC THE AND SOCIETY, INSTITUTIONS, AMERICAN PROJECT MEETINGS Meeting of the Commission September 16–17,