MEDICINAL PLANTS: CAN UTILIZATION and the SACRED MUSHROOM the CHEMISTRY of MIND CONSERVATION COEXIST? SEEKER Ed
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Survey of Roadside Alien Plants in Hawai`I Volcanoes National Park and Adjacent Residential Areas 2001–2005
Technical Report HCSU-032 SURVEY OF ROADSIDE ALIEN PLANts IN HAWAI`I VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK AND ADJACENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS 2001–2005 Linda W. Pratt1 Keali`i F. Bio2 James D. Jacobi1 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kilauea Field Station, P.O. Box 44, Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 2 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i at Hilo, P.O. Box 44, Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 Hawai‘i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 September 2012 This product was prepared under Cooperative Agreement CA03WRAG0036 for the Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center of the U.S. Geological Survey. Technical Report HCSU-032 SURVEY OF ROADSIDE ALIEN PLANTS IN HAWAI`I VOLCANOES NATIONAL PARK AND ADJACENT RESIDENTIAL AREAS 2001–2005 1 2 1 LINDA W. PRATT , KEALI`I F. BIO , AND JAMES D. JACOBI 1 U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center, Kīlauea Field Station, P.O. Box 44, Hawai`i Volcanoes National Park, HI 96718 2 Hawaii Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai`i at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720 Hawai`i Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai`i at Hilo 200 W. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 (808) 933-0706 September 2012 This article has been peer reviewed and approved for publication consistent with USGS Fundamental Science Practices ( http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1367/ ). Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. -
Treatment Protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff Et Al
Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff et al PREVENTION AND REVERSAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: TREATMENT PROTOCOL by Ronald N. Kostoffa, Alan L. Porterb, Henry. A. Buchtelc (a) Research Affiliate, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA (b) Professor Emeritus, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA (c) Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA KEYWORDS Alzheimer's Disease; Dementia; Text Mining; Literature-Based Discovery; Information Technology; Treatments Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff et al CITATION TO MONOGRAPH Kostoff RN, Porter AL, Buchtel HA. Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol. Georgia Institute of Technology. 2018. PDF. https://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/59311 COPYRIGHT AND CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2018 by Ronald N. Kostoff, Alan L. Porter, Henry A. Buchtel Printed in the United States of America; First Printing, 2018 CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE This work can be copied and redistributed in any medium or format provided that credit is given to the original author. For more details on the CC BY license, see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>. DISCLAIMERS The views in this monograph are solely those of the authors, and do not represent the views of the Georgia Institute of Technology or the University of Michigan. This monograph is not intended as a substitute for the medical advice of physicians. The reader should regularly consult a physician in matters relating to his/her health and particularly with respect to any symptoms that may require diagnosis or medical attention. -
Mixed Antagonistic Effects of the Ginkgolides at Recombinant Human R1 GABAC Receptors
Neuropharmacology 63 (2012) 1127e1139 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Neuropharmacology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neuropharm Mixed antagonistic effects of the ginkgolides at recombinant human r1 GABAC receptors Shelley H. Huang a, Trevor M. Lewis b, Sarah C.R. Lummis c, Andrew J. Thompson c, Mary Chebib d, Graham A.R. Johnston a, Rujee K. Duke a,* a Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Australia b School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Australia c Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom d Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Australia article info abstract Article history: The diterpene lactones of Ginkgo biloba, ginkgolides A, B and C are antagonists at a range of Cys-loop Received 11 July 2011 receptors. This study examined the effects of the ginkgolides at recombinant human r1 GABAC recep- Received in revised form tors expressed in Xenopus oocytes using two-electrode voltage clamp. The ginkgolides were moderately 18 June 2012 potent antagonists with IC sinthemM range. At 10 mM, 30 mM and 100 mM, the ginkgolides caused Accepted 24 June 2012 50 rightward shifts of GABA doseeresponse curves and reduced maximal GABA responses, characteristic of noncompetitive antagonists, while the potencies showed a clear dependence on GABA concentration, Keywords: indicating apparent competitive antagonism. This suggests that the ginkgolides exert a mixed-type Ginkgolide Bilobalide antagonism at the r1 GABAC receptors. The ginkgolides did not exhibit any obvious use-dependent Mixed-antagonism inhibition. Fitting of the data to a number of kinetic schemes suggests an allosteric inhibition as Use-dependent a possible mechanism of action of the ginkgolides which accounts for their inhibition of the responses GABAr receptor without channel block or use-dependent inhibition. -
Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 0 NCTMBER 52 Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae Harold Robinson, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, andJames F. Weedin SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1981 ABSTRACT Robinson, Harold, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, and James F. Weedin. Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae. Smithsonian Contri- butions to Botany, number 52, 28 pages, 3 tables, 1981.-Chromosome reports are provided for 145 populations, including first reports for 33 species and three genera, Garcilassa, Riencourtia, and Helianthopsis. Chromosome numbers are arranged according to Robinson’s recently broadened concept of the Heliantheae, with citations for 212 of the ca. 265 genera and 32 of the 35 subtribes. Diverse elements, including the Ambrosieae, typical Heliantheae, most Helenieae, the Tegeteae, and genera such as Arnica from the Senecioneae, are seen to share a specialized cytological history involving polyploid ancestry. The authors disagree with one another regarding the point at which such polyploidy occurred and on whether subtribes lacking higher numbers, such as the Galinsoginae, share the polyploid ancestry. Numerous examples of aneuploid decrease, secondary polyploidy, and some secondary aneuploid decreases are cited. The Marshalliinae are considered remote from other subtribes and close to the Inuleae. Evidence from related tribes favors an ultimate base of X = 10 for the Heliantheae and at least the subfamily As teroideae. OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIESCOVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllumjaponicum Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Chromosome numbers in Compositae, XII. -
Pharmacology of Sinomenine, an Anti-Rheumatic Alkaloid from Sinomenium Acutum
Acta Medica Okayama Volume 30, Issue 1 1976 Article 1 FEBRUARY 1976 Pharmacology of sinomenine, an anti-rheumatic alkaloid from Sinomenium acutum Hidemasa Yamasaki∗ ∗Okayama University, Copyright c 1999 OKAYAMA UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL. All rights reserved. Pharmacology of sinomenine, an anti-rheumatic alkaloid from Sinomenium acutum∗ Hidemasa Yamasaki Abstract The root and stem decoctions of Sinomenium acutum Rehd. et Wils. (formerly Sinomenium diversifolius Diels, one type of Fang-chi (Chinese)) have been used as a folk remedy for neuralgia and rheumatoid arthritis in many areas of the Far East. In Japan and China various viny plants have been identified as Fang-chi (Boi in Japanese) since antiquity. This uncertain nomenclature has made it difficult to evaluate the efficacy of the Fang-chi described in the classic literature. Among traditional Fang-chi plants only Sinomeniumacutum has been demonstrated to contain the alkaloid sinomenine, which is now known to be effective in neuralgia and rheumatic diseases. Sinomenine is a unique plant alkaloid, as it potently releases histamine in association with degran- ulation of tissue mast cells in mammalian tissues. This action occurs preferentially in the skin and joint capsules. The released histamine is responsible for the dominant pharmacological actions of sinomenine, such as vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, acceleration of the thoracic and peripheral lymph flow, contraction of plain muscles, increased peristalsis of the intestines, and stimulation of gastric acid secretion. At toxic doses of sinomenine, convulsive central excita- tion was observed in most laboratory animals. Clinical side effects encountered with high doses of injected sinomenine or of decocted Sinomenium acutum were: injection site flare, pruritus in the head and upper part of the body, edema around the lips and eyelids, and temporary cephalal- gia. -
MEDICINAL PLANTS OPIUM POPPY: BOTANY, TEA: CULTIVATION to of NORTH AFRICA Opidjd CHEMISTRY and CONSUMPTION by Loutfy Boulos
hv'IERIGAN BCXtlNICAL COJNCIL -----New Act(uisition~---------l ETHNOBOTANY FLORA OF LOUISIANA Jllll!llll GUIDE TO FLOWERING FLORA Ed. by Richard E. Schultes and Siri of by Margaret Stones. 1991. Over PLANT FAMILIES von Reis. 1995. Evolution of o LOUISIANA 200 beautiful full color watercolors by Wendy Zomlefer. 1994. 130 discipline. Thirty-six chapters from and b/w illustrations. Each pointing temperate to tropical families contributors who present o tru~ accompanied by description, habitat, common to the U.S. with 158 globol perspective on the theory and and growing conditions. Hardcover, plates depicting intricate practice of todoy's ethnobotony. 220 pp. $45. #8127 of 312 species. Extensive Hardcover, 416 pp. $49.95. #8126 glossary. Hardcover, 430 pp. $55. #8128 FOLK MEDICINE MUSHROOMS: TAXOL 4t SCIENCE Ed. by Richard Steiner. 1986. POISONS AND PANACEAS AND APPLICATIONS Examines medicinal practices of by Denis Benjamin. 1995. Discusses Ed. by Matthew Suffness. 1995. TAXQL® Aztecs and Zunis. Folk medicine Folk Medicine signs, symptoms, and treatment of Covers the discovery and from Indio, Fup, Papua New Guinea, poisoning. Full color photographic development of Toxol, supp~. Science and Australia, and Africa. Active identification. Health and nutritional biology (including biosynthesis and ingredients of garlic and ginseng. aspects of different species. biopharmoceutics), chemistry From American Chemical Society Softcover, 422 pp. $34.95 . #8130 (including structure, detection and Symposium. Softcover, isolation), and clinical studies. 223 pp. $16.95. #8129 Hardcover, 426 pp. $129.95 #8142 MEDICINAL PLANTS OPIUM POPPY: BOTANY, TEA: CULTIVATION TO OF NORTH AFRICA OpiDJD CHEMISTRY AND CONSUMPTION by Loutfy Boulos. 1983. Authoritative, Poppy PHARMACOLOGY TEA Ed. -
Etats Rapides
List of European Pharmacopoeia Reference Standards Effective from 2015/12/24 Order Reference Standard Batch n° Quantity Sale Information Monograph Leaflet Storage Price Code per vial Unit Y0001756 Exemestane for system suitability 1 10 mg 1 2766 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0001561 Abacavir sulfate 1 20 mg 1 2589 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0001552 Abacavir for peak identification 1 10 mg 1 2589 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0001551 Abacavir for system suitability 1 10 mg 1 2589 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0000055 Acamprosate calcium - reference spectrum 1 n/a 1 1585 79 ! Y0000116 Acamprosate impurity A 1 50 mg 1 3-aminopropane-1-sulphonic acid 1585 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0000500 Acarbose 3 100 mg 1 See leaflet ; Batch 2 is valid until 31 August 2015 2089 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0000354 Acarbose for identification 1 10 mg 1 2089 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0000427 Acarbose for peak identification 3 20 mg 1 Batch 2 is valid until 31 January 2015 2089 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! A0040000 Acebutolol hydrochloride 1 50 mg 1 0871 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0000359 Acebutolol impurity B 2 10 mg 1 -[3-acetyl-4-[(2RS)-2-hydroxy-3-[(1-methylethyl)amino] propoxy]phenyl] 0871 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! acetamide (diacetolol) Y0000127 Acebutolol impurity C 1 20 mg 1 N-(3-acetyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)butanamide 0871 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! Y0000128 Acebutolol impurity I 2 0.004 mg 1 N-[3-acetyl-4-[(2RS)-3-(ethylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]phenyl] 0871 Yes +5°C ± 3°C 79 ! butanamide Y0000056 Aceclofenac - reference spectrum 1 n/a 1 1281 79 ! Y0000085 Aceclofenac impurity F 2 15 mg 1 benzyl[[[2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl)amino]phenyl]acetyl]oxy]acetate -
Effect of Basil in Prevention the Formation of Cholesterol in Blood Stream
Pharmacognosy and Allied science Dept. Effect of basil in prevention the formation of cholesterol in blood stream هدى علي حسن هدى عبد الزهرة اشراف د .يوسف ، د. جبران ، د. يسار Introduction Basil (Ocimum basilicum )leaves are used fresh and dried as flavorings or spices in sauces, salad Basil is also an important ornamental plant, with a variety of leaf and inflorescence shapes, sizes and colors Basil oil (also called Holy basil oil) works gradually, but effectively, in lowering cholesterol in the body. Derived from the herb, Ocimum basilicum, basil has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and cholesterol-lowering actions Basil define Basil is an annual, or sometimes perennial, herb used for its leaves plants can reach between 30 cm (0.98 ft) and 150 cm (4.9 ft) Its leaves are richly green and ovate, but otherwise come in a wide variety of sizes and shapes Basil grows a thick, central taproot. Its flowers are small and white History Basil has been around for over 4,000 years. Throughout history, basil was believed to have almost magical powers. It was used as an antidote for snake bites the ancient Egyptians used this herb for embalming. Today, basil is frequently referred to as the ‘King of Herbs’. It was also once known as the ‘herb of poverty’ because it was believed to provide protection to the poor. In India, this herb was considered a powerful protector. They planted it around their temples and placed it with the dead to protect them in the afterlife. Scientific classification Kingdom Plantae – Plants Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants Class Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons Subclass Asteridae Order Lamiales Family Lamiaceae – Mint family Genus Ocimum L. -
Drug Name Plate Number Well Location % Inhibition, Screen Axitinib 1 1 20 Gefitinib (ZD1839) 1 2 70 Sorafenib Tosylate 1 3 21 Cr
Drug Name Plate Number Well Location % Inhibition, Screen Axitinib 1 1 20 Gefitinib (ZD1839) 1 2 70 Sorafenib Tosylate 1 3 21 Crizotinib (PF-02341066) 1 4 55 Docetaxel 1 5 98 Anastrozole 1 6 25 Cladribine 1 7 23 Methotrexate 1 8 -187 Letrozole 1 9 65 Entecavir Hydrate 1 10 48 Roxadustat (FG-4592) 1 11 19 Imatinib Mesylate (STI571) 1 12 0 Sunitinib Malate 1 13 34 Vismodegib (GDC-0449) 1 14 64 Paclitaxel 1 15 89 Aprepitant 1 16 94 Decitabine 1 17 -79 Bendamustine HCl 1 18 19 Temozolomide 1 19 -111 Nepafenac 1 20 24 Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) 1 21 -43 Lapatinib (GW-572016) Ditosylate 1 22 88 Temsirolimus (CCI-779, NSC 683864) 1 23 96 Belinostat (PXD101) 1 24 46 Capecitabine 1 25 19 Bicalutamide 1 26 83 Dutasteride 1 27 68 Epirubicin HCl 1 28 -59 Tamoxifen 1 29 30 Rufinamide 1 30 96 Afatinib (BIBW2992) 1 31 -54 Lenalidomide (CC-5013) 1 32 19 Vorinostat (SAHA, MK0683) 1 33 38 Rucaparib (AG-014699,PF-01367338) phosphate1 34 14 Lenvatinib (E7080) 1 35 80 Fulvestrant 1 36 76 Melatonin 1 37 15 Etoposide 1 38 -69 Vincristine sulfate 1 39 61 Posaconazole 1 40 97 Bortezomib (PS-341) 1 41 71 Panobinostat (LBH589) 1 42 41 Entinostat (MS-275) 1 43 26 Cabozantinib (XL184, BMS-907351) 1 44 79 Valproic acid sodium salt (Sodium valproate) 1 45 7 Raltitrexed 1 46 39 Bisoprolol fumarate 1 47 -23 Raloxifene HCl 1 48 97 Agomelatine 1 49 35 Prasugrel 1 50 -24 Bosutinib (SKI-606) 1 51 85 Nilotinib (AMN-107) 1 52 99 Enzastaurin (LY317615) 1 53 -12 Everolimus (RAD001) 1 54 94 Regorafenib (BAY 73-4506) 1 55 24 Thalidomide 1 56 40 Tivozanib (AV-951) 1 57 86 Fludarabine -
Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Mt
Accepted Manuscript Tortricinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Mt. Changbai-shan, China Kyu-Tek Park, Bong-Woo Lee, Yang-Seop Bae, Hui-Lin Han, Bong-Kyu Byun PII: S2287-884X(14)00025-9 DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2014.04.007 Reference: JAPB 19 To appear in: Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Received Date: 28 February 2014 Revised Date: 13 March 2014 Accepted Date: 4 April 2014 Please cite this article as: Park K-T, Lee B-W, Bae Y-S, Han H-L, Byun B-K, Tortricinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Mt. Changbai-shan, China, Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity (2014), doi: 10.1016/ j.japb.2014.04.007. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT J. of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Tortricinae (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) from Mt. Changbai-shan, China Kyu-Tek Park a, Bong-Woo Lee b, Yang-Seop Bae c, Hui-Lin Han d, Bong-Kyu Byun e* a The Korean Academy of Science and Technology, Seongnam, 463-808, Korea b Division of Forest Biodiversity, Korea National Arboretum, Sumokwokgil, Pocheon, 487-821, Korea c Division of Life Sciences, University of Incheon, 12-1 Songdo-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-772, Korea dSchool of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P.R. -
Seeking and Plant Medicine Becomings
What if there is a cure somewhere in the jungle? Seeking and plant medicine becomings by Natasha-Kim Ferenczi M.A. (Anthropology), Concordia University, 2005 B.A. (Hons.), Concordia University, 2002 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences © Natasha-Kim Ferenczi 2018 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY Fall 2018 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Approval Name: Natasha-Kim Ferenczi Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title: What if there is a cure somewhere in the jungle? Seeking and plant medicine becomings Examining Committee: Chair: Pamela Stern Assistant Professor Marianne Ignace Senior Supervisor Professor Dara Culhane Co-Supervisor Professor Ian Tietjen Internal Examiner Assistant Professor Faculty of Health Sciences Leslie Main Johnson External Examiner Professor Department of Anthropology Athabasca University Date Defended/Approved: December 10, 2018 ii Ethics Statement iii Abstract This thesis is a critical ethnographic exploration of meanings emerging at the plant- health nexus and the in-between spaces when seekers and healers meet in efforts to heal across epistemological borderlands. In both British Columbia, Canada and Talamanca, Costa Rica I investigated the motivations underpinning seeking trajectories structured around plant medicine and the experiences and critical reflections on these encounters made by healers and people who work with plant medicines. In this dissertation, I expose the contested space around understandings of efficacy and highlight the epistemological politics emphasized by participants who seek to de-center plants in popular therapeutic imaginaries, to bring out these tensions and the way they interpolate ideas about sustainability and traditional knowledge conservation. -
Biologically Active Secondary Metabolites from Asteraceae and Polygonaceae Species
University of Szeged Faculty of Pharmacy Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Pharmacognosy Biologically active secondary metabolites from Asteraceae and Polygonaceae species Ph.D. Thesis Ildikó Lajter Supervisors: Prof. Judit Hohmann Dr. Andrea Vasas Szeged, Hungary 2015 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THE THESIS I. Lajter I, Zupkó I, Molnár J, Jakab G, Balogh L, Vasas A, Hohmann J. Antiproliferative activity of Polygonaceae species from the Carpathian Basin against human cancer cell lines Phytotherapy Research 2013; 27: 77-85. II. Lajter I, Vasas A, Orvos P, Bánsághi S, Tálosi L, Jakab G, Béni Z, Háda V, Forgo P, Hohmann J. Inhibition of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channels by extracts of Polygonum persicaria and isolation of new flavonoids from the chloroform extract of the herb Planta Medica 2013; 79: 1736-1741. III. Lajter I, Vasas A, Béni Z, Forgo P, Binder M, Bochkov V, Zupkó I, Krupitza G, Frisch R, Kopp B, Hohmann J. Sesquiterpenes from Neurolaena lobata and their antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities Journal of Natural Products 2014; 77: 576-582. IV. McKinnon R, Binder M, Zupkó I, Afonyushkin T, Lajter I, Vasas A, de Martin R, Unger C, Dolznig H, Diaz R, Frisch R, Passreiter CM, Krupitza G, Hohmann J, Kopp B, Bochkov VN. Pharmacological insight into the anti-inflammatory activity of sesquiterpene lactones from Neurolaena lobata (L.) R.Br. ex Cass. Phytomedicine 2014; 21: 1695-1701. V. Lajter I, Pan SP, Nikles S, Ortmann S, Vasas A, Csupor-Löffler B, Forgó P, Hohmann J, Bauer R. Inhibition of COX-2 and NF-κB1 gene expression, NO production, 5-LOX, and COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes by extracts and constituents of Onopordum acanthium Planta Medica 2015; 81: 1270-1276.