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PLANT BIOLOGY ABSTRACTS ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL,PLANT & CELL ABSTRACT 226 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL,PLANT & CELL ABSTRACT 227
t he a mou nt of e xc itat ion ene rg y d i rec ted to t he photosystem s a re P1 REDOX REGULATION P1.3 NEWS ON CP12: USING t he state t ra nsit ions. Du r i ng state t ra nsit ions, t he mobi le l ight- CYANOBACTERIA TO HELP US harvesting trimers (L-LHCII) change their association with the IN CHLOROPLASTS UNDERSTAND ITS ROLE IN photosystems according to phosphorylation status. Phosphorylated L -L HC I I i s a ssoc iated w it h PSI, t hu s d i rec t i ng more e xc itat ion e ne rg y PHOTOSYNTHESIS to PSI, while the dephosphorylated form of L-LHCII is associated w it h PSI I con seque nt ly d i rec t i ng more e xc itat ion e ne rg y to PSI I. TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:00 To date, protein phosphorylation is the only post-translational modification linked to the regulation of state transitions. PATRICIA E LOPEZ-CALCAGNO (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, In the present study we show that the NUCLEAR SHUTTLE ORGANISED BY: ANGEL MERIDA (CSIC SPAIN), MARIAM SAHRAWY (CSIC SPAIN) UNITED KINGDOM), CHRISTINE A RAINES (UNIVERSITY I N T E R AC T I NG ( NSI ) protei n i s a n ac t ive lysi ne acet ylt ra n sfe ra se AND ANTONIO SERRATO (CSIC SPAIN) OF ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM) and is required for state transitions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Intriguingly, the nsi knock-out plants were unable to perform state [email protected] transitions, although although LHCII phosphorylation remained u na ffec ted . Blue nat ive gel elec t rophoresi s revea led t hat despite MECHANISMS OF PROTEIN SYSTEMS AND SYNTHETIC Improving rates of photosynthetic carbon acquisition is an wild type accumulation of photosynthetic protein complexes, the nsi P1.1 P1.2 important target for increasing the potential yield of major plants fail to accumulate the phosphorylation dependent PSI-LHCII DITHIOL-BASED REDOX REGULATION. BIOLOGY OF REDOX REGULATION crop species and promote food security. Recent research has complex. Accordingly, chlorophyll fluorescence measurements A STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY APPROACH AND CARBON FIXATION demonstrated plants with greater biomass accumulation through showed a dec rea se i n t he a mou nt of e xc itat ion ene rg y d i rec ted to more efficient conversion of sola r energ y to suga rs. W h i le t hese PSI. Additionally, proteomic analysis revealed several acetylation TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:00 TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:30 studies have focussed on a number of processes including NPQ targets of NSI that could be involved in state transitions. Our results dynamics, Calvin cycle performance and photorespiration, strongly suggest that NSI is a novel player required for the dynamic MÓNICA BALSERA (INSTITUTO DE RECURSOS NATURALES Y STÉPHANE LEMAIRE (CNRS, SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ, FRANCE) the manipulation of the redox regulation of photosynthesis adaptation of plants to changing light conditions. AGROBIOLOGÍA DE SALAMANCA) for yield improvement remains a relatively unexploited field. [email protected] We will discuss some advances in this subject, focusing on the [email protected] chloroplast protein family CP12. These proteins are best known for Redox regulation and signaling play a major role in numerous modulating the activity of the Calvin cycle enzymes glyceraldehyde P1.5 REDOX CONTROL OF CHLOROPHYLL During evolution, oxyphotosynthetic organisms have developed fundamental cell processes and participate in the mechanisms 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and phosphoribulokinase BIOSYNTHESIS sophisticated networks of redox signaling and modulation to allowing cells to sense environmental changes and trigger (PRK), and we recently demonstrated in Arabidopsis, that CP12 regulate cell processes in response to both light and oxygen. Because adaptive responses. These regulations and signaling pathways is essential in maintaining PRK protein levels, and by doing so, of their unique physico-chemical properties, reversible chemical are mainly operated by redox post-translational modifications, such maintaining photosynthesis. While higher plants have a limited TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:30 modification of thiols in cysteine (Cys) amino acids have acquired as disulfide bond formation, glutathionylation or nitrosylation, variety of CP12 proteins and CP12-like proteins, homologues a prominent role as redox-sensitive thiols can act as redox switches which play a major role at the interface between the environment found in cyanobacteria have revealed a much wider a diversity. BERNHARD GRIMM (HUMBOLDT-UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN, for the control and modulation of the function of proteins. Proteins and the functional proteome. Using qualitative and quantitative We will discuss the importance of CP12 to these organisms, and GERMANY), DANIEL WITTMANN WITTMANN (HUMBOLDT- w it h reg u lator y C ys a re ta rget s of t h iol- ox idoreduc ta ses, suc h a s large scale proteomic approaches in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, whet he r some of C P12’s i mpor ta nce i n ma i nta i n i ng PR K protei n UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN, GERMANY), NEHA SINHA (HUMBOLDT- the thioredoxin system, which is capable of reducing disulfides we have unraveled an intricate redox network of more than 1000 levels is conserved in the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN, GERMANY), ZHIWEI HOU (HUMBOLDT- i n protei n s con nec t i ng t he redox stat u s of e n z y mes to c ha ng i ng proteins regulated by redox post-translational modifications. 6803. Additionally, we will discuss the potential of exploiting these UNIVERSITÄT ZU BERLIN, GERMANY) cellular and environmental conditions. We plan to provide structural The Calvin-Benson cycle, responsible for photosynthetic carbon mechanisms for improving photosynthesis. insights into diverse mechanisms of the regulatory network based fixation, integrates multiple redox signals. Targeted biochemical [email protected] on dithiol/disulfide exchange reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis. a nd st r uc t u ra l st ud ies a l lowed to con fi r m t he reg u lat ion of seve ra l Plants effectively coordinate the photosynthesis dependent proteins and to analyze the underlying molecular mechanisms. production of energy and reducing equivalents with the activity Sy nt het ic biolog y approac hes developed to st udy ca rbon fi xat ion P1.4 PROTEIN ACETYLATION BY of metabolic pathways. As the redox state of chloroplasts changes in Chlamydomonas will also be presented. CHLOROPLAST ACETYLTRANSFERASE NSI in dependency to photosynthesis activities, it is proposed that the IS NEEDED FOR STATE TRANSITIONS IN light-dependent activation of chlorophyll biosynthesis as well as the ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA dark suppression of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthesis is coupled w it h redox cont rol v ia mod i ficat ion of t h iol g roups of cont r ibut i ng enzymes. Thus, this posttranslational control mechanism balances TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:15 chlorophyll biosynthesis in response to environmental cues and prevents accumulation of photoreactive tetrapyrrole metabolites. AISTE IVANAUSKAITE (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), We previously identified several enzymes of this pathway to be MINNA M KOSKELA (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), targets of the reversible thiol-disulfide redox regulation by the ANNIKA BRÜNJE (UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER, GERMANY), cooperative action of the redox regulators NADPH-dependent MAGDA GRABSZTUNOWICZ (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), thioredoxin reductase C (NTRC) and thioredoxin (TRX) and explored INES LASSOWSKAT (UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER, GERMANY), the coordinated roles of TRX m-type and f-type isoforms as well TRINH V DINH (HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), JULIA as of NTRC in the redox control of some enzymes of chlorophyll SINDLINGER (UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN, GERMANY), DIRK biosynthesis in triple and quadruple mutants for these redox SCHWARZER (UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN, GERMANY), MARKUS regulators. In continuation, current results are presented about WIRTZ (HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), ESA TYYSTJÄRVI t he t h iol-ba sed redox sw itc hes of t he g luta myl-t R NA reduc ta se (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND), IRIS FINKEMEIER (GluT R), A L A de hyd rata se (A L A D) a nd protopor phy r i nogen ox ida se (UNIVERSITY OF MÜNSTER, GERMANY), PAULA MULO (PPOX) in the pathway. Moreover, we addressed the question to (UNIVERSITY OF TURKU, FINLAND) which extent the dark-dependent inactivation of GluTR by the negative regulator FLU (FLOURESCENT) is based on thiol-disulfide [email protected] exchange reactions. Plants balance the excitation energy distribution between the photosystems II and I (PSII and PSI) in response to constantly changing light. One of the best-studied mechanisms of fine-tuning ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 228 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 229
we over-expressed the PTOX in either Eutrema or Arabidopsis, it was seedlings showed aberrant splicing of plastid rRNAs (23S rRNA and P1.6 THE DYNAMIC REGULATION OF inactive. When Eutrema, but not Arabidopsis, oePTOX plants were P1.9 CHLOROPLAST SIGNALS REGULATE 4.5S rRNA) and were deficient in plastid ribosomal proteins. These GRANA SIZE PLAYS A KEY ROLE IN THE salt stressed PTOX activity was induced rapidly and to a greater level STOMATAL DEVELOPMENT resu lt s de mon st rate t hat W H I R LY1 i s requ i red for t he developme nt than in wild type, implying that a co-factor is needed for activity. of fully functional chloroplasts but only at the early stages of OPTIMISATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS One paradox in PTOX being a PSII electron sink is that localisation leaf development. TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:51 st ud ies showed t hese bei ng located i n d i ffe re nt t hyla koid me mbra ne TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:45 compartments – PSII in the grana stacks, PTOX on the stromal face of t he st roma l la mel lae. T h i s sepa rat ion i s e x pec ted to be a ba r r ie r STUART A CASSON (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED CHRISTOPHER DAVID HEPWORTH (THE UNIVERSITY OF to sig n i fica nt ac t iv it y. We have now show n t hat , u nde r sa lt st ress KINGDOM), NICHOLAS ZOULIAS (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, P1.11 FIBRILIN-ASSISTED SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM), WILLIAM J WOOD (THE conditions, PTOX is relocalised, migrating from the stromal lamellae UNITED KINGDOM), JAMES ROWE (SAINSBURY’S LAB INTERACTION OF THIOREDOXINS M UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM), MATTHEW P to the grana, bringing it into the same fraction as PSII. CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM) JOHNSON (THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM) WITH THYLAKOID MEMBRANES [email protected] [email protected] WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION The development of stomata, the pores in the leaf epidermis, is known Photosynthesis can be broken down into two distinct but intimately P1.8 A DEFECTIVE REDOX SIGNALLING to be positively regulated by light and it has been demosntrated that ANGEL MERIDA (INSTITUTO DE BIOQUIMICA VEGETAL Y coupled sets of reactions; photosynthetic electron and proton COMING FROM TYPE-M THIOREDOXINS photoreceptors regulate this process. Our data show that light can FOTOSINTESIS, CSIC-US, SPAIN), DIEGO TORRES (INSTITUTO transfer produces NA PDH and ATP, which is then consumed by also regulate stomatal development independent of photoreceptors PROVOKES PLEIOTROPIC CHANGES IN DE BIOQUIMICA VEGETAL Y FOTOSINTESIS, CSIC-US, SPAIN), the carbon fixation reactions (Calvin cycle). Due to their small pool and operates via a chloroplast signalling pathway. Treatment with ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA MUTANTS ANTONIO J SERRATO (ESTACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL DEL ZAIDÍN, sizes, turnover of NADPH and ATP in the chloroplast is rapid and inhibitors of photosynthetic electron transport demonstrate that the CSIC, SPAIN), ALFONSO LAZARO (ESTACIÓN EXPERIMENTAL it is therefore critical that plants balance supply with demand to redox status of the plastoquinoe pool has a critical role in regulating DEL ZAIDÍN, CSIC, SPAIN), MARIAM SAHRAWY (ESTACIÓN avoid energy losses and photoinhibition. The linear electron transfer TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:49 stomata l development . O x idat ion of t he PQ pool negat ively reg u lates EXPERIMENTAL DEL ZAIDÍN, CSIC, SPAIN) pat hway ( L E T ) produces AT P a nd NA DPH i n a fi xed rat io of 1. 2 8:1, stomatal development, whilst reduction results in positive while operation of the Calvin cycle requires these metabolites ANTONIO J SERRATO (SPANISH NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL reg u lat ion . O x idat ion of t he PQ pool ac t s v ia M A P k i na se sig na l l i ng to [email protected] i n a rat io of 1. 5:1. O ne pote nt ia l way of ma k i ng up t he shor t fa l l i s (CSIC), SPAIN), JOSÉ A ROJAS-GONZÁLEZ (SPANISH NATIONAL negatively regulate key factors required for stomatal development, cyclic electron transfer (CET), which allows formation of ATP RESEARCH COUNCIL (CSIC), SPAIN), TAMARA MOLINA whilst reduction of the the PQ pool acts via an alternative pathway. Photosynthesis uses light as an energy source to take out electrons w it hout net sy nt hesi s of NA DPH . A c r it ica l dete r m i na nt of C E T i s (SPANISH NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (CSIC), SPAIN), L ig ht i s not t he on ly sig na l to reg u late t he redox stat u s of t he PQ pool f rom wate r to reduce fe r redox i n ( Fd), wh ic h del ive rs elec t ron s to the redox poise of plastoquinone pool, which we recently found to SABRINA BRASI (SPANISH NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL a nd he nce t h i s work ide nt i fies a pote nt ia l mec ha n i sm t h roug h wh ic h the ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (FTR), providing reducing be modulated by the size of the thylakoid grana stacks. Grana size (CSIC), SPAIN), DIEGO TORRES (SPANISH NATIONAL RESEARCH mutliple environmental signals can regulate stomatal development. powe r to t he t h ioredox i n ( T R X ) system . T R X s a re redox protei n s is regulated by LHCII phosphorylation, which is controlled by the COUNCIL (CSIC), SPAIN), ÁNGEL MÉRIDA (SPANISH NATIONAL with the canonical active site WC(G/P)PC. There are several types k i na se/phosphata se pa i r ST N 7/ TA P38. I n l i ne w it h t h i s we fi nd RESEARCH COUNCIL (CSIC), SPAIN), MARIAM SAHRAWY of c h loropla st T R X s: f, m , x , y a nd z. Eac h T R X t y pe ca n have seve ra l the stn7 and tap38 mutants lack the ability to modulate their grana (SPANISH NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL (CSIC), SPAIN) i sofor m s, t he more comple x bei ng t he m-t y pe, w it h fou r i sofor m s size in response to changing light intensity. Here we compared the P1.10 CHLOROPLAST DEVELOPMENT in the plant model Arabidopsis thaliana: T R X m1, m 2 , m 3 a nd m4 . photosynthetic parameters of these mutants to the wild-type to [email protected] IN BARLEY LEAVES IS CONTROLLED BY Some authors have reported that TRXs m are able to deliver reducing understand how constitutively large (stn7) or small (tap38) grana T h ioredox i n s ( T R X s) a re sma l l redox protei n s w it h a n ac t ive site equivalents into the thylakoid lumen through the thylakoid- impacts on photosynthesis under low and high light regimes. Plants WHIRLY1 containing two Cys and a conserved tertiary structure. TRXs membrane protein CCDA. Nevertheless, as far as we know, no with smaller grana show higher rates of CO assimilation in low-light, 2 cata lyse t he reduc t ion of d i su lph ide br idges i n t he ox id i zed ta rget direct interaction with the internal membrane system has been whilst plants with larger grana perform better under high-light. Here THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION proteins. In plants, these reductases take part of a multigenic shown. Besides, proteomic analyses have reported the presence of we explore the mechanisms behind these differences. fa m i ly, wh ic h me mbe rs a re c la ssi fied depe nd i ng on t hei r subcel lu la r stromal proteins in thylakoid-associated lipoprotein bodies called NURHAYATI RAZAK (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), localization and target specificities. Chloroplasts are complex plastoglobules. The boundary layer of plastoglobules is coated by CHRISTINE FOYER (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED KINGDOM), organelles where key physiological processes, as photosynthesis, structural proteins called fibrilins (FBNs). Our working hypothesis is BARBARA KARPINSKA (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, UNITED take place. It is maybe because this complexity that chloroplast TRXs based on the idea that FBNs, in addition to their structural role, might KINGDOM) P1.7 THE ROLE AND FUNCTION OF are highly diversified, finding several types: TRXf (2), m (4), x (1), y function as anchor points for stromal proteins as TRXs m. By using PLASTID TERMINAL OXIDASE AS A SINK (2) and z (1), with several isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana (numbers the technique of Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation (BiFC) [email protected] FOR ELECTRON TRANSPORT in parentheses). This diversity gives an idea of the complexity of we have demonstrated that TRXs m1, m2 and m4 can interact in vivo t he redox-sig na l l i ng net work occ u r r i ng i n c h loropla st s. A s most of with FBN2 and FBN4, two FBNs co-expressed with redox proteins. The regulation of chloroplast biogenesis requires coordinated the chloroplast proteins are nuclear encoded, retrograde signalling Moreover, by immuno-blotting experiments, TRXs m have been TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:47 expression of genes localised in the plastome and nuclear genomes. (w it h a n i mpor ta nt redox component) i s c r uc ia l to reac h homeosta si s. detected in thylakoid membranes fractions. These results suggest The single-stranded DNA binding protein, WHIRLY1, which Three out of the four TRXs m isoforms, namely TRX m1, m2 and m4, that FBNs might be regulating or assisting the interaction of the GILES N JOHNSON (UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UNITED is localized in the chloroplasts and nucleus of the same cell has are the most abundant TRXs in photosynthetic tissues and have TRX system with their non-stromal targets. KINGDOM), PIOTR STEPIEN (WROCLAW UNIVERSITY OF important but poorly characterised roles in this process. We similar co-expression patterns. Our results working with Arabidopis ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, POLAND) therefore investigated the functions of WHIRLY1 in the leaves of single, double, and triple mutants expressing sub-optimal levels w i ld t y pe ba rley a nd t wo t ra nsgen ic l i nes ( W1-1 a nd W1-7) t hat of TRXs m have evidenced pleiotropic changes. Mutant lines are [email protected] have less than 5% of the wild type WHIRLY1 protein. The greening affected negatively in (i) the biomass yield, (ii) the activation of t he developi ng leaves wa s delayed i n t he W H I R LY1- de fic ie nt degree of enzymes of the Calvin-Benson cycle and in (iii) protective Plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX) was identified in mutants seed l i ngs relat ive to t he w i ld t y pe. At ea rl ie r stages, t he W H I R LY1- photosynthetic parameters as the non-photochemical quenching (ghost, immutans) and shown to be involved in carotenoid de fic ient seed l i ngs had sig n i fica nt ly lowe r levels of c h lorophyl l (NPQ). Additionally, some of these mutant lines seem to activate biosynthesis during leaf development. It has been discussed t ha n t he w i ld t y pe. C h lorophyl l a fluorescence quenc h i ng a na lysi s mechanisms, probably via retrograde signalling, leading to a re- that PTOX could play a photoprotective role as a sink for electrons revealed that the establishment of photosynthesis was delayed modelling of the mesophyll structure as a consequence of a defective from Photosystem II, reducing ROS. In a number of species i n t he W H I R LY1- de fic ie nt leaves. T he level s of nuc lea r- e ncoded redox signalling coming from TRXs m. there is evidence that this occurs, however attempts to induce c h loropla st t ra n sc r ipt s a nd protei n s we re sig n i fica nt ly h ig he r i n activity by overexpressing PTOX have failed. Rather, oePTOX the WHIRLY1-deficient leaves than the wild type. In contrast, the plants have reduced fitness and increased ROS production. Our levels of transcripts and proteins encoded by the plastome were work provide insights as to where things have gone wrong and sig n i fica nt ly lowe r i n t he w i ld t y pe t ha n t he W H I R LY1- de fic ie nt provide a way forward in using PTOX to breed stress tolerance. seedlings, despite the fact that the WHIRLY1-deficient leaves. We have examined PTOX activity in the salt tolerant brassica The W1-1 and W1-7 leaves had double the amount of plastid DNA Eutrema salsigenium. We showed that, in response to salt, PTOX is (pt DNA) t ha n t he w i ld t y pe, bot h at t he ea rly stages of developme nt highly expressed and acts as a PSII electron sink. However, when (7 days) and in green (3-week-old) leaves. The WHIRLY1-deficient ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 230 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 231
P1.12 CHLOROPLAST SIGNALS P2 AN EXTENDED PLANT REGULATE STOMATAL DEVELOPMENT PHENOTYPE: CHARACTERISING THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION
NICHOLAS ZOULIAS (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED PLANT–SOIL MICROBIOME KINGDOM), JAMES ROWE (SAINSBURY LABORATORY, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), STUART CASSON (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM) INTERACTIONS
As sessile organisms, plants need to adapt and coordinate their intrinsic developmental programmes with environmental signals such as light, CO2 and temperature. Light has a critical role in regulating plant growth and development and photoreceptors ORGANISED BY: GABRIEL CASTRILLO (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM), MALCOLM BENNETT play a key role in perceiving the light environment and initiating (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM), KARL RITZ (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM) signalling events that control multiple developmental pathways. AND LAURENT LAPLAZE (IRD) Using genetic and molecular techniques we have investigated the mechanisms by which light is able to modulate stomatal development. Through our research we have uncovered evidence of a niche. To test this hypothesis, we established bacterial, fungal, and photoreceptor independent light signalling mechanism originating P2.1 DISSECTING THE ROLE OF oomycetal culture collections for reconstitution experiments using f rom t he c h loropla st, reg u lat i ng stomata l developme nt . D i sr upt ion germ-free A. thaliana. In plants inoculated with mono- or multi- of electron transport from photosystem II to the plastoquinone, MULTI-KINGDOM MICROBIAL kingdom synthetic microbial consortia, we observed a profound w it h t he photosy nt het ic i n h ibitor DC M U resu lted i n a suppression CONSORTIA ON PLANT HEALTH impact of the bacterial root microbiota on fungal and oomycetal of the stomatal development pathway. Our results indicate that community structure and diversity. We demonstrated that the the redox status of the plastoquinone pool is able to regulate THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:10 bacterial microbiota is essential for plant survival and protection stomatal development. against root-derived filamentous eukaryotes and showed that STÉPHANE HACQUARD (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR PLANT biocontrol activity of bacterial root commensals is a redundant trait BREEDING RESEARCH, GERMANY), PALOMA DURAN (MAX PLANCK that maintains microbial inter-kingdom balance for plant health. INSTITUTE FOR PLANT BREEDING RESEARCH, GERMANY), P1.13 OXYGEN PHOTOREDUCTION THORSTEN THIERGART (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR PLANT WHICH IS INVOLVED IN REDOX BREEDING RESEARCH, GERMANY), THOMAS ELLIS (DEPARTMENT REGULATION IN CHLOROPLASTS IS OF PLANT ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY P2.2 NON-TARGET EFFECTS ON THE CENTRE, UPPSALA UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), RUBEN GARRIDO- STILL POORLY UNDERSTOOD OTER (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR PLANT BREEDING RESEARCH, SOIL MICROBIOME OF A BIOLOGICAL GERMANY), CARLOS ALONSO-BLANCO (CENTRO NACIONAL DE CONTROL FOR FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION BIOTECNOLOGÍA, DEPARTAMENTO DE GENÉTICA MOLECULAR DE F.S P. CUBENSE PLANTAS, SPAIN), ERIC KEMEN (DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIAL IRINA STRIZH (M.V. LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY, INTERACTIONS, IMITZMBP UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN, THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:40 RUSSIA) GERMANY), FABRICE ROUX (LIPM INRA CNRS UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE, FRANCE), JON ÅGREN (DEPARTMENT OF PLANT DANIEL P BEBBER (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED KINGDOM), [email protected] ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY CENTRE, DAVID J STUDHOLME (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED UPPSALA UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), PAUL SCHULZE-LEFERT (MAX KINGDOM), RACHEL WARMINGTON (EDEN PROJECT, UNITED Chloroplast is a very important organelle of a plant cell, which lives PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR PLANT BREEDING RESEARCH, GERMANY) particularly autonomously but also gets and sends numerous signals KINGDOM), BEN TEMPERTON (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED from and to the cell of the host plant, and also donates metabolites [email protected] KINGDOM), HELEN FONES (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED necessary for the development of the plant. Oxygen photoreduction KINGDOM) Roots of healthy plants are inhabited by soil-derived bacteria, or t he so - ca l led Me h le r reac t ion i s t he wel l-k now n phe nome non : fungi, and oomycetes that have evolved independently in distinct it occu rs du r i ng t he h igh flow rate of elect rons, especia l ly u nder [email protected] kingdoms of life. How these microorganisms interact and to what stress, when most reactions related to biochemistry proceed extent those interactions affect plant health are poorly understood. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc), or Fusarium Wilt, is the most slowly, and electron transfer to oxygen has a much higher reaction We monitored microbial communities at the soil-root interface feared disease for commercial banana producers globally. Control rate con sta nt . It i s ve r y d i ffic u lt to detec t t he a mou nt a nd pat h of in 17 European Arabidopsis thaliana populations across three of t he d isease is ha mpered by i ne ffec t ive f u ng ic ides (t houg ht to t he photoreduced ox yge n due to t he u n stable for m of supe rox ide successive years. Analysis of 5,625 microbial community profiles be due to the soilborne nature of the infection), and the laborious anion or hydrogen peroxide, which react quickly with biomolecules. demonstrated that the root endosphere drives convergence in process of banana breeding which can take decades. Much recent Even mode r n na nosen sors for t he reac t ive ox ygen spec ies ca n not microbial community structure across sites, with few habitat- research has focussed on the potential for biological control of TR4 help to su ffic ie nt ly c la r i f y t he processes t hat occ u r i n t he fol lowing generalist taxa disproportionately colonizing plant roots across using microbes and plants. Chinese leek (Allium tuberosum) has root c ha i n : st ress – slow i ng dow n bioc he m ica l reac t ion s – photosy nt het ic Europe. With a field reciprocal transplant between two nativeA. e x udates e ffec t ive aga i n st Foc i n v it ro. Howeve r, l it t le i s k now n of electron flow still works – alternative acceptors, especially oxygen, thaliana popu lat ions i n nor t her n a nd sout her n Eu rope i n wh ich the wider soil microbiome impacts of this biocontrol in particular, accept elec t ron s – ac t ive ox yge n for m s ox id i ze biomolec u les, wh ic h soil conditions were manipulated in two different climates, we nor of biological controls in general. We tested the hypothesis that can transmit a signal to the nucleus to trigger the stress response demonstrate that continental-scale variation of the root microbiota Allium tuberosum root e x udates reduce t he spec ies-r ic h ness a nd mec ha n i sm . Mat he mat ica l model i ng ba sed on t he e x pe r i menta l is affected by soil type and climate, but not by host genotype. diversity of the soil fungal microbiome, using pot trials conducted biophysical and biochemical data of this process seems to be the one Sig nat u res of mut ua l e xc lu sion we re obse r ved bet ween bac te r ia at the Eden Project, Cornwall. Pots were grown with soil only, with of the promising ways. a nd fi la me ntou s eu ka r yotes i n pla nt root s ac ross Eu ropea n sites, Allium only, with bananas only, and with both Alliums and bananas. suggesting microbial inter-kingdom competition for the root After 3 months, soils were sampled (both bulk soil and rhizosphere ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 232 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 233
soil), DNA extracted, and fungal ITS12 and ITS34 regions amplified in plant productivity through mycorrhizal symbiosis, providing and sequenced. We found that, while there were no clear differences P2.4 BACTERIAL COMMUNITY P2.5 CHARACTERISATION OF THE soil-derived nutrients to their host. However, some environmental i n f u nga l d ive rsit y a mong t reat me nt s, t he re we re st rong e ffec t s MAINTENANCE OF PLANT ROOT REGULATORY INTERPLAY BETWEEN levers could strongly affect the soil microbiome functioning, related of Allium alone and banana alone on soil fungal community to C cycling. Therefore, we studied the impacts of tree phenology composition. Importantly, fungal community composition did not DEVELOPMENT THE PLANT MICROBIOME AND ROOT (seasonality of tree photosynthesis) and harvesting of forest d i ffe r bet wee n ba na na a lone, a nd ba na na w it h a l l iu m , i nd icat i ng ENDODERMAL CELL WALL DIFFUSION residues (e.g. branches and litter layer) on microbial diversity that the banana rhizosphere community is maintained in the THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:10 BARRIERS and functions, in particular on micro-eukaryotic functional presence of the biocontrol agent. This suggests that Allium could diversity. We performed two metatranscriptome studies from be u sed to cont rol Foc w it hout sig n i fica nt non-ta rget i mpac t s on ISAI SALAS-GONZALEZ (THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH French forest soils sampled during two contrasted seasons or in THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:40 the soil microbiome. CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL, UNITED STATES), OMRI FINKEL an experimental site subjected to OM removal effects. For the first (THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL, approach, we focused on fungal communities, coupling analyses GUILHEM REYT (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED UNITED STATES), GABRIEL CASTRILLO (THE UNIVERSITY of poly-A mRNA regulation with metabarcoding approaches KINGDOM), ISAI SALAS GONZALEZ (UNIVERSITY OF NORTH OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), JEFF DANGL targeting fungal DNA, and we sequenced all soil “meta-transcripts”. CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL, UNITED STATES), PAULINA FLIS (THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL, Thanks to a ribo-depletion protocol, the second approach allowed P2.3 EFFECTIVENESS IN THE (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM) RHIZOBIA PLANT SYMBIOSIS AND UNITED STATES) studying simultaneously fungal and prokaryotic communities, supplemented by microbial metabarcoding also. In addition to the [email protected] MODULATION BY SOIL ENVIRONMENT [email protected] NCBI database, large-scale genome sequencing projects of fungi Plant-associated bacteria are crucial in host adaptation to diverse (https://genome.jgi.doe.gov/mycocosm/home) provided the Plants intimately associate with microbial communities THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:55 env i ron menta l st resses. Bene fic ia l m ic robes i nc rea se nut r ient upta ke references for the fungal metatranscriptomics data annotations. collectively known as the plant microbiome. The microbiome and use in the host, improving plant growth and health. The capacity Moreover, the regulation of specific Carbohydrate-Active Enzyme contributes to plant processes such as development, nutrient BEATRIZ LAGUNAS (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, UNITED to colon i se root s i s t he ma i n fac tor t hat dete r m i nes be ne fic ia l m ic robe’s families was investigated within bacteria community and between acquisition and pathogen protection. The establishment of KINGDOM), CHRYSI SERGAKI (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, effectiveness for plant growth enhancement. Roots have evolved the ectomycorrhizal fungi and the other fungal guilds. These results community assembly rules and community-host feedback UNITED KINGDOM), RANA M F HUSSAIN (UNIVERSITY OF bi- d i rec t iona l d i ff u sion ba r r ie rs at t he endode r m i s to cont rol t he flow reveal the relative contributions of microbial functional groups to patterns has been limited due to the complexity of natural WARWICK, UNITED KINGDOM), PATRICK SCHÄFER (UNIVERSITY of water and nutrients between the soil and xylem. These barriers ca rbon c yc l i ng a nd t ree nut r it ion . Fi na l ly, t hese i n novat ive projec t s microbial communities. Here, we applied a synthetic ecology OF WARWICK, UNITED KINGDOM), MIRIAM L GIFFORD are comprised of Casparian strips (CS) and suberin in endodermal reveal that metatranscriptomics is a promising tool for prediction approach to an amenable plant-microbiome microcosm to unravel (UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK, UNITED KINGDOM) cell walls. Mutations that disrupt these barriers cause significant of quantitative capabilities of microbiome functions in plant–soil novel community-host and microbe-microbe interactions. alterations in normal mineral nutrient homeostasis. It is unknown microbe interactions. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were inoculated across a gradient [email protected] how the plant root diffusion barriers and plant microbiota coordinate of phosphate, salinity, pH and temperature conditions with to control the ions balance in the plant. Here we demonstrate that the Increasing plant productivity whilst minimising environmental a genome-sequenced bacterial inoculum composed of 185 root diffusion barriers genetic control influences the plant microbiome. impact is essential to achieve food security to sustain an increasing phylogenetically diverse isolates (SynCom). Colonization patterns We ident i fied bac te r ia l st ra i n s t hat i mpac t t he f u nc t ion of t he root human population. Nitrogen is the main limiting nutrient for across the fractions and conditions sampled were quantified P2.7 SYMBIOTIC PAENIBACILLUS S P. barriers modulating the ion homeostasis in the plant. We further plant production. Although very abundant, it is often unavailable using 16s amplicon sequencing. We used the correlation of these BACTERIUM FROM HYBRID ASPEN SHOOT demonstrate that plant microbiota modulates the synthesis of CS to plants. Legumes have developed the ability to interact with abu nda nce profi les a mong a l l me mbe rs of t he com mu n it y to spl it and suberin under stress conditions. Our work will provide a better CULTURE PROMOTES ROOT DEVELOPMENT symbiotic bacteria (rhizobia), overcoming the lack of nitrogen t he Sy nCom i nto fou r modu les wh ich ex h ibited a cha racter ist ic understanding of the role of bacteria in root function and will provide IN OTHER PLANT SPECIES ava i labi l it y i n soi l. I n t h i s mut ua l i st ic pa r t ne rsh ip, t he rh i zobia fi x colonization pattern and high phylogenetic coherence. v ita l i n for mat ion for t he development of e ffec t ive field bio -i noc u la to n it roge n f rom t he a i r a nd supply it to t he pla nt i n e xc ha nge for ca rbon Subsequently, we measured plant molecular and morphological promote useful agronomic gains. and amino-acid compounds. There are variations on the process phenotypes when inoculated with each of these modules THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:10 e ffic ie nc y outcomes depe nd i ng on t he pla nt but a l so t he bac te rial independently and in combination. Plant phenotypes induced st ra i n a nd t he env i ron ment c hosen for st udy. A s a fi rst approac h by some modules were attenuated when co-inoculating JONAS ZIAUKA (LITHUANIAN RESEARCH CENTRE FOR to investigate this plant-microbe-soil complex system we are with other modules exhibiting ecological epistasis AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY, INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, characterising the colonisation of the legume Medicago truncatula between guilds in the community. Following our top-down P2.6 FUNCTIONAL SIGNATURES LITHUANIA), MINDAUGAS VITKEVICIUS (VYTAUTAS MAGNUS by three different rhizobial strains and in three different soils that approach, we identified a single genus that was responsible OF SOIL MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES UNIVERSITY, LITHUANIA), GABRIELE SURBLYTE (KAUNAS va r y i n te x t u re a nd nut r ient ava i labi l it y. We fou nd t hat i noc u lat ion for dampening the effects that all other members of the IN RESPONSE TO TREE PHENOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, LITHUANIA), SIGUTE KUUSIENE with two strains led to enhanced plant yield in all environments community exerted over the root morphology of the plant. AND FOREST RESIDUE HARVESTING (LITHUANIAN RESEARCH CENTRE FOR AGRICULTURE AND studied but that this yield increase varied by soil type. We then This demonstrates that in the context of a complex community there FORESTRY INSTITUTE OF FORESTRY, LITHUANIA) analysed the influence of rhizobial inoculation on endosphere, a re mu lt iple i nte rac t ion s t hat st rong ly i n flue nce pla nt developme nt REVEALED BY META-OMICS ANALYSIS rhizosphere and bulk soil microbiome compartments. To evaluate and that a balanced microbiome is required to equilibrate these [email protected] the impact of the microbial communities in the phenotypes observed interactions and prevent host dysbiosis. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 16:40 The studied bacterium was isolated from the in vitro culture of we also performed phenotyping in our soils after gamma-irradiation. hybrid aspen (Populus tremuloides × P. tremula) shoot segments Our results shed light on the complexity of the system we are MARC BUÉE (INRA NANCY GRAND EST - UNIVERSITÉ DE and identified asPaenibacillus sp. The ability of this bacterium to studying and the current limitations to evaluate the plant-soil- LORRAINE, FRANCE), LUCAS AUER (INRA NANCY GRAND regulate plant development was tested by purposely inoculating microbe continuum. EST, FRANCE), FRANÇOIS MAILLARD (INRA NANCY GRAND the in vitro cultures of normally bacterium-free aspen (P. tremula) EST, FRANCE), VINCENT LOMBARD (CNRS - AIX-MARSEILLE genotypes and apple (Malus domestica) seed l i ngs. T he i n fluence of UNIVERSITÉ, FRANCE), BERNARD HENRISSAT (CNRS - AIX- Paenibacillus sp. on t he nu mbe r of root s a nd shoot s of a spen e x pla nt s MARSEILLE UNIVERSITÉ, FRANCE), BRIAN FOSTER (JOINT wa s not iced du r i ng t he test s: a f te r 6 wee k s f rom t he i noc u lat ion , t he GENOME INSTITUTE, US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, UNITED explants in inoculated cultures had 2.7-times more adventitious STATES), KERRIE BARRY (JOINT GENOME INSTITUTE, US roots and 1.6-times more shoots than in the control group. A similarly DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, UNITED STATES), IGOR GRIGORIEV designed experiment with the in vitro culture of isolated apple (JOINT GENOME INSTITUTE, US DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, embryos revealed a positive effect of thisPaenibacillus sp. bacterium UNITED STATES), ANNEGRET KOHLER (INRA NANCY GRAND EST, on lateral root development: the seedlings developed from inoculated FRANCE), FRANCIS MARTIN (INRA NANCY GRAND EST, FRANCE) cultures had 1.8-times the number of lateral roots and their lateral roots were 1.8-times longer than in the control group. In conclusion, [email protected] the obtained results point to the Paenibacillus sp. bacterium from In forest ecosystems, soil microbes play key roles in carbon (C) hybrid aspen shoot culture as a potential positive root development sequest rat ion a nd biogeoc he m ica l c yc les. For e xa mple, f u ng i ca n regulator in different plant species. act as decomposers of organic matter (OM) or also as driving forces ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 234 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 235
root traits that might be used to breed pearl millet with better water obse r vat ion s con fi r m t he i nte rest of st udy i ng t he pla nt ge net ic how agricultural practices influence the microbiome structure P2.8 M-TROPHS FOR SUSTAINABLE and nutrient acquisition. Plants are able to modify the biophysical impact on microbiota assembly and its potential integration in is imperative for the development of sustainable agricultural AGRICULTURE characteristics of the surrounding soil. In some species including breeding programs. syste m s. T h i s ta l k e x plores ou r work i nto t he relat ive i mpor ta nce pearl millet, a rhizosheath, i.e. a layer of soil that adheres strongly to of seve ra l fac tors t hat shape t he wheat root m ic robiome na mely : root s on e xcavat ion (root-ad he r i ng soi l), i s produced a nd i n fluences la nd u se conve rsion at t he Rot ha m sted H ig h field e x pe r i me nt, wheat THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:25 water and phosphate acquisition. However, the genetic bases of genotype in reference to contrasting plant height, fertilisation rhizosheath formation are still largely unknown. We previously P2.11 VARIETAL ADAPTATION regime at the Rothamsted Broadbalk experiment as well as the NATALIE W BREAKFIELD (NEWLEAF SYMBIOTICS, showed that root-adhering soil mass is a highly heritable trait in FOR BENEFICIAL RICE MICROBE interaction of seed microbial load and land use in determining UNITED STATES) pearl millet with a large diversity and correlated with changes in microbiome structure. soil microbial communities. Here, we analysed how rhizosheath INTERACTIONS UNDER AEROBIC AND [email protected] formation is related to root architecture, root hairs and mycorhizal CONTINUOUSLY FLOODED CONDITIONS Pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs in the genus traits. Moreover, we performed genetic association analysis Methylobacterium (M-trophs) are highly abundant members of using a panel of 181 inbred lines with 392,493 SNPs identified FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:45 P2.13 INFLUENCE OF WHEAT GENOTYPE the plant microbiome. NewLeaf Symbiotics is harnessing the using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS). Correcting for genetic AND SOIL ON THE ROOT-ASSOCIATED power of these beneficial, native bacteria to improve yield and related ness, G WA S ide nt i fied five QT Ls for rh i zosheat h for mat ion DAOUDA MBODJ (AFRICA RICE CENTER, SENEGAL), BABOUCARR MICROBIOME: IDENTIFICATION OF strengthen plants under field conditions. Every M-troph in our that were mapped to the pearl millet genome. Variations of allele MANNEH (AFRICA RICE CENTER, SENEGAL), ABOUBACRY KANE collection is sequenced, annotated, and stored in our computational frequency at the targeted regions in bulked pools of lines with (UNIVERSITY CHEIKH ANTA DIOP OF DAKAR, SENEGAL), A WHEAT CORE MICROBIOME ACROSS ® bioinformatics platform, the Prescriptive Biologics Knowledgebase e x t re me phe not y pes a re c u r re nt ly st ud ied to va l idate t hese QT Ls. LAURENT LAPLAZE (IRD, FRANCE), ABDALA GAMBY DIEDHIOU AFRICAN AND EUROPEAN SOILS (PBK). The beneficial nature of M-trophs allows NewLeaf to In parallel, comparison of global gene expression in the root tip of (UNIVERSITY CHEIKH ANTA DIOP OF DAKAR, SENEGAL) nominate strains for field trials based on maximizing genomic contrasted inbred lines using RNAseq revealed 1270 differentially FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:30 diversity, identifying characteristics common in successful e x pressed ge nes. Ca nd idate ge nes we re ide nt i fied by combi n i ng [email protected] fermentations and formulations, and determining compatibility GWAS and RNAseq results and are further analyzed. MARIE SIMONIN (IRD CIRAD UNIV MONTPELLIER IPME, w it h com mon ly u sed A g c he m i st r ies. T he PBK i s u sed to cor relate C rop i noc u lat ion w it h be ne fic ia l soi l m ic robes ha s bee n proposed by FRANCE), CINDY DASILVA (IRD CIRAD UNIV MONTPELLIER genotypes with phenotypes, and subsequent testing allows us to several crop scientists as an alternative to agro-chemicals which IPME, FRANCE), VALERIA TERZI (CREA-GB RESEARCH CENTRE f u r t he r re fi ne t he cor relat ion s a nd ma ke pred ic t ion s. By foc u si ng often impact the environment negatively. Use of microbes in crop FOR GENOMICS AND BIOINFORMATICS, ITALY), EDDY NGONKEU on t h i s one ge nu s w it h ma ny be ne fic ia l c ha rac te r i st ics, we have production, however, requires selecting optimal combinations of P2.10 MICROBIAL DIVERSITY AND (DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOLOGY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, developed this powerful comparative genomics approach to deliver c rop va r iet ies w it h a ssoc iated m ic robiome wh ic h i nc rea se e ffic ienc y ACTIVITY IN RHIZOSPHERE OF UNIVERSITY OF YAOUNDÉ, CAMEROON), DIÉGANE DIOUF products that are well adapted to sustainable agriculture. of production systems. In this study, we investigated the response of (DÉPARTEMENT DE BIOLOGIE VÉGÉTALE, UNIVERSITÉ CHEIKH DIFFERENT PEARL MILLET LINES UNDER eight rice varieties to inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ANTA DIOP (UCAD), SENEGAL), LIONEL MOULIN (IRD CIRAD GREENHOUSE AND FIELD CONDITIONS at five fe r t i l i ze r level s i n t wo pa ra l lel t r ia l s, one u nde r cont i nuou s UNIV MONTPELLIER IPME, FRANCE) flood i ng a nd a not he r u nde r ae robic cond it ion s, at Fa naye, Se nega l. A split-split plot design was used in each irrigation condition. With P2.9 RHIZOSHEATH FORMATION IN FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:30 [email protected] PEARL MILLET: PHYSIOLOGICAL BASES regards to grain yield under aerobic conditions (63% water-saving AND GENETIC CONTROL PAPA MAMADOU SITOR NDOUR (IRD, FRANCE), CHEIKH M ove r cont i nuou s flood i ng ), t he re wa s sig n i fica nt i nte rac t ion bet wee n Here, we propose to move away from broad community or phylum BARRY (UCAD, SENEGAL), MOHAMED BARAKAT (CEA, FRANCE), use of inoculation, fertilizer level and varieties implying that patterns to fully embrace the prokaryotic and eukaryotic diversity PHILIPPE ORTET (CEA, FRANCE), WAFA ACHOUACK (CNRS, response of rice varieties to inoculation depended on the fertilizer of the plant microbiome. We used new bioinformatic tools to FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:00 FRANCE), LAURENT LAPLAZE (IRD, FRANCE), THIERRY HEULIN level. Furthermore, under aerobic conditions at low fertilizer levels, c ha rac te r i se t he wheat root m ic robiome at t he fi nest ta xonom ic (CNRS, FRANCE), LAURENT COURNAC (IRD, FRANCE) the best response to inoculation was shown by Sahel 202 at the half- sca le u si ng metaba rcod i ng data: t he e xac t seque nce va r ia nt ( ES V ). LAURENT LAPLAZE (LAURENT LAPLAZE, FRANCE), MAMADOU S recommended fertilizer level, giving 7.4 tons/ha with inoculation I n a n e x pe r i me nt u nde r cont rol led cond it ion s, we c ha rac te r i sed NDOUR (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT, [email protected] a nd 5.6 ton s/ ha w it hout i noc u lat ion . Unde r cont i nuou s flood i ng the root-associated microbiome (here rhizoplane) of eight different FRANCE), MARILYNE DEBIEU (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR cond it ion s, howeve r, t he re wa s a sig n i fica nt i nc rea se i n y ield due to genotypes of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in LE DÉVELOPPEMENT, FRANCE), MARCEL N DIOUF (INSTITUT DE Pearl-millet is a drought tolerant cereal crop of arid and semi- i noc u lat ion but t h i s e ffec t wa s si m i la r at a l l fe r t i l i ze r level s. Sa hel eight soils collected in four different countries in Africa (Cameroon RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT, FRANCE), ALEXANDRE arid region with high genetic diversity that could be exploited for 10 8 had t he h ig hest g ra i n y ield i n cont i nuou s flood i ng cond it ion s a nd Se nega l) a nd Eu rope ( Fra nce a nd Ita ly). T he m ic robiome wa s GRONDIN (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT, breed i ng for it s i nten si ficat ion . I n pa r t ic u la r, t he i n fluence of t he giving on average 8.2 tons/ha with inoculation and 6.8 tons/ha characterised using amplicon sequencing of the marker genes FRANCE), CARLA DE LA FUENTE CANTO (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE plant genome on rhizosphere microbiota might be an interesting without inoculation. These results show the potential of using 16S rRNA (prokaryotic diversity) and 18S rRNA (eukaryotic POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT, FRANCE), MOHAMED BARAKAT (CEA, new target to improve plant-soil interactions and plant nutrition. AMF to improve rice production with less fertilizers and water and diversity). We found a limited effect of the wheat genotype on FRANCE), PHILIPPE ORTET (CEA, FRANCE), HANG NGAN I ndeed , t hese relat ion sh ips ca n i n flue nce t he soi l physico - c he m ica l presents new opportunities for the genetic improvement of rice the root microbiome (2% of the variability) and observed that the DINH (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT, a nd biolog ica l cha racter ist ics, wh ich a ffect t he ava i labi lit y of for the ability to form beneficial rice-microbe associations to majority of the microbial taxa were associated to multiple wheat FRANCE), MARIAMA NGOM (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE nutrients and water. Our study aimed to determine the interactions increase yield. ge not y pes g row n i n t he sa me soi l. Cu lt ivat ion of wheat i n d i ffe re nt DÉVELOPPEMENT, FRANCE), MAXIME STEFFEN (INSTITUT DE between different pearl-millet inbred lines showing contrasting soi l s led to la rge d i ffe re nces i n ta xa r ic h ness (10 0 to 350 tota l ES Vs) RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT, FRANCE), SIXTINE patterns of rhizosphere soil aggregation and the characteristic and community structure of the root-associated microbiome. PASSOT (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT, of the associated microbiota. Pearl-millet lines selected for their Howeve r, despite t hese g loba l d i ffe re nces i n m ic robiome d ive rsit y FRANCE), ANTONY CHAMPION (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR contrasting aggregation pattern were grown in greenhouse and P2.12 ROOTING AROUND THE WHEAT a nd composit ion ac ross soi ls, we ident i fied a l i st of core ta xa of on ly LE DÉVELOPPEMENT, FRANCE), CÉLIA BARRACHINA (CNRS, field conditions and their root-adhering soil (RAS) fraction was MICROBIOME 179 ESVs (2 Archaea, 104 Bacteria, 73 Eukaryotes) that collectively FRANCE), MARINE PRATLONG (CNRS, FRANCE), PASCAL GANTET sampled. The analysis of microbial diversity and their activities represented half of the relative abundance of the root-associated (UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), PRAKASH GANGASHETTY wa s pe r for med respec t ively by metaba rcod i ng of 16S rDNA a nd m ic robiome i n bot h A f r ica n a nd Eu ropea n soi l s. We prov ide ev ide nce (ICRISAT, NIGER), NDJIDO A KANE (ISRA, SENEGAL), ABDALA G ITS region and extracellular enzyme activities. Under semi- FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:00 of a wheat core m ic robiome a nd propose a “most wa nted” ta xa l i st DIEDHIOU (UNIVERSITÉ CHEIKH ANTA DIOP, SENEGAL), THIERRY controlled conditions, the bacterial community diversity was that will be targets for future cultivation-based and genomic studies. HEULIN (CNRS, FRANCE), WAFA ACHOUAK (CNRS, FRANCE), YVES higher in high-aggregation lines (lines with high RAS/root biomass TIM MAUCHLINE (ROTHAMSTEAD RESEARCH, UNITED KINGDOM) VIGOUROUX (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT, ratio) compared to low-aggregation lines (lines with low RAS/root FRANCE), LAURENT COURNAC (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE bioma ss rat io). I n field cond it ion s, we not iced a reduc t ion of f u nga l [email protected] DÉVELOPPEMENT, FRANCE) alpha diversity in the rhizosphere of high-aggregation lines and The root microbiome is recruited by plants and influences plant an increase of some enzyme activities (chitinase acid phosphatase g row t h , hea lt h a nd resou rce u se e ffic ienc y. T hese m ic roorga n i sm s [email protected] and beta-glucosidase). If we consider all pearl-millet lines, the can benefit crop plants in several ways including improved correlations between indicators of microbiota structure, activity Pearl millet is a cereal crop that plays a major role for food security in plant nutritional status as well as protection against biotic and a nd soi l agg regat ion a re not sig n i fica nt. T h i s suggested t hat ot he r arid regions of sub Saharan Africa and India. It is mainly grown in abiotic stresses. There are various factors which determine processes are likely involved in soil aggregation variability. Our areas characterized by low-rainfall and poor soils. We are exploring the crop microbiome community structure and understanding ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 236 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 237
physica l mat r i x , e nv i ron me nta l cont rol, bioc he m ica l probes a nd earlier. In addition to that, analysis of bacterial communities P2.14 STUDYING ANCESTRAL PLANT- live quantitative imaging. The soil has been developed to allow obtained from nodules of wild Arachi ssp. and cultivated peanut, P2.18 STUDY OF THE DIVERSITY OF MICROBIOTA INTERACTIONS USING index matching and clear optical access for imaging of plant roots indicate that recruitment of specific communities is strongly ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI and micro-organisms under a controlled environment in large influenced by the plant genotype, suggesting that it is possible SYNTHETIC PHOTOTROPHIC MICROBIAL transparent growth chamber. It makes possible observation of to improve biological nitrogen fixation of cultivated peanut by (AMF) ASSOCIATED WITH MILLET IN ECOSYSTEMS biological activity in soil macrocosms using a combination of soft selecting varieties that recruit efficient symbionts. VARIOUS AGROECOSYSTEMS IN SENEGAL poly me r flu id ics, mate r ia l c he m i st r y a nd l ig ht sheet m ic roscopy FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 11:30 for live imaging in vivo using both fluorescence and scattering. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION Finally, we show how the soil itself can be functionalised to follow RUBEN GARRIDO-OTER (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR PLANT the changing macrocosm of plants and microbes and demonstrate P2.17 UNDERSTANDING THE CHANGES MARIE-THÉRÈSE MOFINI (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR BREEDING RESEARCH, GERMANY) application of the system to understand colonisation of the IN COMPARTMENT SPECIFIC TOMATO LE DÉVELOPPEMENT (IRD), SENEGAL), ABDALA G DIEDHIOU rhizoplane, limitation to deep rooting, and for the development of a (CHEIKH ANTA DIOP UNIVERSITY, SENEGAL), SARAH PIGNOLY [email protected] new generation of models with much enhanced resolution. MICROBIOME DURING VASCULAR WILT INTERACTION BY FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT (IRD), Land plants associate and interact with microbial communities SENEGAL), CHEIKH NDIAYE (LABORATOIRE COMMUN DE derived from soil. However, the underlying fundamental principles MICROBIOLOGIE (LCM), SENEGAL), MIN DOOHONG (KANSAS governing these plant-microbe interactions remain elusive. Several WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION STATE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), LAURENT LAPLAZE studies have reported mutualistic interactions between unicellular P2.16 USING WILD PEANUT SPECIES (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR LE DÉVELOPPEMENT (IRD), plants such as green algae and bacterial members of the plant root FOR IMPROVING NATIVE BIOLOGICAL MUGDHA SABALE (DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS UNIVERSITY OF SENEGAL), ABOUBACRY KANE (CHEIKH ANTA DIOP UNIVERSITY, microbiota (e.g. rhizobia), suggesting a conserved and presumably NITROGEN FIXATION IN RHIZOBIA CORDOBA, SPAIN), AMEY REDKAR (DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS, SENEGAL) ancestral ability to associate with soil-borne bacteria common SYMBIOSIS UNIVERSITY OF CORDOBA, SPAIN), STÉPHANE HACQUARD to unicellular and multicellular plants. However, it is unknown (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR PLANT BREEDING RESEARCH, [email protected] whether microscopic algae are also capable to assemble and interact GERMANY), ANTONIO DI PIETRO (DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS, Pearl millet is a cereal domesticated in central Sahel in Africa. It with stable and complex microbial consortia. Here, we use the THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION UNIVERSITY OF CORDOBA, SPAIN) is adapted to dr y and hot climates and plays a major role for food eukaryotic, photosynthetic, soil-borne green alga Chlamydomonas security in arid and semi-arid areas of Africa and India, where it is reinhardtii to elucidate fundamental principles governing the ARLETTE ZAZOU ZAIYA (JOINT LABORATORY OF MICROBIOLOGY, [email protected] the staple crop of more than million people. However, it lags behind assembly and dynamics of microbial ecosystems formed by SENEGAL), DANIEL FONCEKA (CERAAS THIÈS SENEGAL, other cereal crops in terms of genetic development and its average Plant roots are colonized by diverse microbes that affect plant interactions between a photosynthetic organism and its microbiota. SENEGAL), SALIOU FALL (LCM (IRDISRAUCAD) DAKAR, y ield s a re low. D roug ht a nd low phosphor u s ava i labi l it y a re a mong health either in beneficial or harmful ways. These include Co-inoculation experiments with Chlamydomonas a nd soi l e x t rac t s SENEGAL), ADAM DIOUF (LCM (IRDISRAUCAD) DAKAR, the most important factors limiting millet production in West Africa. benign rhizosphere inhabitants, as well as endophytes, some demonstrate how this unicellular plant is able to form stable SENEGAL), OUMAR TOURE (LCM (IRDISRAUCAD) DAKAR, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi can enter symbiosis with most of which contribute to plant health. Alternatively, the root microbial consortia with bacteria recruited from the environment SENEGAL), MATHIEU FAYE NDIGUE (LCM (IRDISRAUCAD) a ng iospe r m s a nd cont r ibute to t he pla nt ’s hyd rom i ne ra l nut r it ion . infecting pathogens have evolved to outcompete their microbial that tightly overlap with the core root microbiota of land plants. An DAKAR, SENEGAL), SARAH PIGNOLY (UMR LSTM (IRD, CIRAD, AMF are therefore important for abiotic stress tolerance in many competitors and cause disease. Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne extensive culture collection comprising more than 3,200 bacterial INRA, UNIVERSIT. MONTPELLIER SUPAGRO) MONTPELLIER, plants. The aim of this study is to characterize the diversity of AMF fungal pathogen, that causes vascular wilt disease in a broad isolates found to associate with Chlamydomonas i s u sed to e x plore SENEGAL), ADRIANA FABRA (DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS in cultivated and wild pearl millet in various agroecosystems in range of crops including both monocots and dicots. The fungus ancestral plant-microbe interactions in a high throughput manner NATURALES, FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS FÍSICO- Senegal. Soil and root samples from wild and cultivated pearl millet grows asymptomatically in the root cortex and then colonizes the and to design synthetic, photoautotrophic microbial ecosystems that QUIMICAS Y NATURALES, UNIVE, ARGENTINA), FERNANDO were collected from farmers’ fields in three different locations in vasculature. The chemical control methods are difficult to apply, are amenable to genetic transformation and can be manipulated in IBANEZ (DEPARTAMENTO DE CIENCIAS NATURALES, FACULTAD Senegal located along a rainfall gradient. The farmers received Souna because of the low visibility of fungus in early stages. Biological the laboratory under controlled conditions. DE CIENCIAS EXACTAS FÍSICO-QUIMICAS Y NATURALES UNIVE, seed s i n orde r to l i m it t he e ffec t of t he pla nt ge not y pe. A na lysi s of control of disease by bacteria is emerging as a promising method, ARGENTINA), VALERIE HOCHER (UMR LSTM (IRD, CIRAD, INRA, root colonization revealed different models of mycorrhization however the functional relevance of the root microbiome during UNIVERSIT. MONTPELLIER SUPAGRO) MONTPELLIER, SENEGAL), patterns between cultivated and wild plants and among the sampled the pathogen host interaction is largely unknown.The present DIEGANE DIOUF (DÉPARTEMENT DE BIOLOGIE VÉGÉTALE, fields. DNA was extracted from the roots followed by massive work aims to understand the host compartment-specific native UCAD DAKAR, SENEGAL), SERGIO SVISTOONOFF (UMR LSTM sequencing using metabarcoding techniques (amplification of the P2.15 THE RHIZOSPHERE IN A CHIP tomato microbiome and its role during Fusarium infection. Soils with (IRD, CIRAD, INRA, UNIVERSIT. MONTPELLIER SUPAGRO) ITS region followed by deep sequencing). Our analysis revealed that diverse characteristics collected across tomato fields in Southern MONTPELLIER, FRANCE) wild and cultivated pearl millet share similar endophytic and AM Spain, were used in culture dependent and independent approaches FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 12:00 fungal populations. This suggests that wild pearl millet serve as to monitor the changing microbiome under Fusarium infection by [email protected] reservoirs for both beneficial but also pathogenic fungi for cultivated Amplicon Sequencing. Moreover, the isolated bacterial communities DANIEL PATKO (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED pearl millet. KINGDOM), YANGMINGHAO LIU (SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND Arachis hypogaea originated from South America and was introduced are classified based on compartments such as soil, rhizosphere, ENGINEERING, UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), and adapted in Africa and Asia centuries ago. Peanut is now one root, endophytic root and xylem. The final goal of the study is ILONKA ENGELHARDT (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, of the most widely cultivated grain legumes and the questions to understand the interplay and the modulation of microbiome UNITED KINGDOM), FELICITY O’CALLAGHAN (THE JAMES of its adaptation in environments that are different to its native assembly during pathogen-plant interaction. HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), VINCENT LADMIRAL ecosystems, regarding associated-microorganisms, remain (INSTITUT CHARLES GERHARDT CNRS 5253, FRANCE), BRUNO unanswered. We are investigating how the adaptation of peanut AMEDURI (INSTITUT CHARLES GERHARDT CNRS 5253, FRANCE), to West A f r ica i mpac ted t he n it roge n-fi x i ng sy mbiosi s w it h rh i zobia . MIKE P MACDONALD (SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, On the bacterial side we characterized a collection of 35 native strains UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), LIONEL DUPUY isolated from various regions in Senegal. These strains were also (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM) used to inoculate Fleur 11, widely grown in Senegal. Our results showed that strains are distributed in three main clusters, affiliated [email protected] to the genus Bradyrhizobium. We found that in Senegal peanut is able to recruit both effective and ineffective Bradyrhizobium The growing world population is causing unprecedented pressure on st ra i n s suggest i ng t hat pea nut n it rogen fi xat ion cou ld be opt i m i zed la nd u se. K nowledge of whe re a nd how c rop y ield ca n be e n ha nced by increasing the competitiveness of the effective strains. has become of greater importance, and this requires understanding On the plant side we have explored the variability of nitrogen of how plants interact with the soil environment and how biotic and fixation among Fleur11, wild relatives of peanut and synthetic abiotic stresses can be overcome. Currently, reproducing soil-plant- allotetraploids. We used efficient strains isolated in Senegal or in atmosphere systems is challenging, and this limits our ability to A rge nt i na a nd fou nd sig n i fica nt d i ffe re nces for some spec ies. We accele rate t he d i scove r y of processes t hat a ffec t ou r e nv i ron me nt . failed to detect any major difference betweenA.hypogaea , its wild Here, we present a comprehensive approach for screening proge n itors, but i n some a l lotet raploid s n it roge n fi xat ion sta r ted processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere, which consists of a soil like ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 238 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 239
P2.19 EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR P3 IMPACT AND FUNCTIONS MYCORRHIZAL FUNGUS ON DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF AFRICAN BAOBAB OF ALTERNATIVE SPLICING (ADANSONIA DIGITATA L., MALVACEAE) IN PLANTS WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION
MARÈME NIANG (ISRACERAAS, SENEGAL), PATRICK NIANG (GHENT UNIVERSITY, BELGIUM), FATIMA NDIAYE (UCAD, SENEGAL), MACOUMBA DIOUF (ISRACERAAS, SENEGAL), TAHIR DIOP (UCAD, SENEGAL), AMADOU BA (IRDLCM, SENEGAL), NDIAGA CISSE (ISRACERAAS, SENEGAL) ORGANISED BY: MARIA KALYNA (UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND LIFE SCIENCES), PAULA DUQUE (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE CIÊNCIA) AND JOHN BROWN [email protected] (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE) Mycorrhizae improve root and leaf growth and are also involved in water uptake and drought-tolerance resistance. A greenhouse ex per iment was conducted in order to investigate the in fluence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) inoculation (Glomus P3.1 ADVANCES IN STUDYING P3.2 CRISPR-DIRECTED EVOLUTION mosseae, G. aggregatum and G. fasciculatum) on drought tolerance in baobab (Adansonia digitata L., Malvaceae). We used seeds ALTERNATIVE SPLICING IN PLANTS OF THE SPLICEOSOME FOR RESISTANCE collected in different agro-climatic zones in Senegal following a TO SPLICING INHIBITORS de fi ned ra i n fa l l g rad ie nt (250 -110 0 m m). Baobab seed l i ngs t hat TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:05 had grown for 1 month were subjected to progressive drought TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:50 stress for 1 month with weekly records of morphological and ANDREA BARTA (MAX PERUTZ LABORATORIES MEDICAL physiolog ica l pa ra mete rs. Wate r de fic it wa s i mposed by stoppi ng UNIVERSITY VIENNA, AUSTRIA) HAROON BUTT (KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND irrigation until the end of the experiment. Inoculated plants TECHNOLOGY, SAUDI ARABIA), AYMAN EID (KING ABDULLAH had greater plant height, leaf number and biomass under well- [email protected] UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SAUDI ARABIA), watered than under drought conditions. Results show that for all AFAQUE A MOMIN (KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND Advanced transcriptome sequencing has uncovered extensive provenances, inoculated plants has higher mycorrhizal intensity TECHNOLOGY, SAUDI ARABIA), JEREMIE BAZIN (UNIVERSITE alternative splicing (more than 60%) in plants, and genome-wide under well-watered (50-90% of mycorrhizal spores) than under PARIS-SACLAY ORSAY, FRANCE), MARTIN CRESPI (UNIVERSITE as well as focused gene analyses have shown the regulatory power water deficit conditions (<50%). Mycorrhizal baobab seedlings PARIS-SACLAY ORSAY, FRANCE), STEFAN T AROLD (KING of alternative splicing on plant development and in responses to from humid areas (Sudano-Sahel and Sudan zone) had higher leaf ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SAUDI stress and environment. Alternative splicing can create new wate r potent ia l a nd lowe r bioma ss t h roug hout t he e x pe r i ment i n ARABIA), MAGDY M MAHFOUZ (KING ABDULLAH UNIVERSITY OF protein isoforms or change gene expression by leading to transcript drought conditions. Baobab seedlings responded best to inoculation SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, SAUDI ARABIA) isoforms that are either targeted to the nonsense-mediated decay with G. fasciculatum and G.aggregatum in both dry and wet pathway or are retained in the nucleus. Alternative splicing as a conditions. Mycorrhizae significantly improve drought tolerance [email protected] co -t ra n sc r ipt iona l process i s a l so g reat ly i n flue nced by epige net ic of baobab seedlings, especially those from the Sahelian region. changes at the chromatin level. Proteins regulating splicing or Increasing genetic diversity via directed evolution holds great alternative splicing and transcript isoforms with different fates have promise to accelerate trait development and crop improvement. sig n i fica nt i mpac t i n gene reg u lator y c i rc u it s. Spec i fica l ly, beside We developed a CRISPR/Cas-based directed evolution platform in developmental programs, environmental cues like temperature plants to evolve the rice (Oryza sativa) SF3B1 spliceosomal protein a nd l ig ht i mpac t sig n i fica nt ly a lte r nat ive spl ic i ng eve nt s i n pla nt s for resistance to splicing inhibitors. SF3B1 mutant variants, establishing alternative splicing as a fast and essential part in termed SF3B1-GEX1A-Resistant (SGR), conferred variable levels accommodating external signals. of resistance to splicing inhibitors. Studies of the structural basis of the splicing inhibitor binding to SGRs corroborated the resistance phenotype. The SGR4 variant conferred strong resistance to higher conce nt rat ion s of spl ic i ng i n h ibitors a nd e x h ibited e ffic ie nt spl ic i ng compared to wild-type plants, which showed drug sensitivity and splicing repression. This directed-evolution platform can be used to interrogate and evolve the molecular functions of key biomolecules and to engineer crop traits for improved performance and adaptation under climate change conditions. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 240 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 241
t ra n sc r ipt i sofor m sw itc hes, whe re t he rat ios of spec i fic t ra n sc r ipt reg ion s. Ba RTv1.0 - QUA SI wa s u sed to qua nt i f y d i ffe rent ia l c ha nges P3.3 A CRITICAL ROLE FOR P3.5 RAPID COLD-INDUCED isoforms flip rapidly and reversibly with temperature change. For in gene expression and alternative splicing (AS) in 4-day-old dark ALTERNATIVE SPLICING IN EXPRESSION AND ALTERNATIVE some clock genes, isoform switches result in changes in the time- g row n ge r m i nat i ng seed l i ngs (20 °C). Sa mples we re t ra n sfe r red to of-day phasing and amplitude of the functional, protein-coding a 4°C cold room and harvested at 2 and 24 h in cold. Over 60 barley MAINTAINING MINERAL HOMEOSTASIS SPLICING IN ARABIDOPSIS INVOLVES transcripts. Clock gene expression/AS plasticity is therefore genes show d i ffe rent ia l A S w it h i n 2 h of e x posu re to t he cold , r i si ng IN RICE COMPLEX NETWORKS OF REGULATORS important for our understanding of how plants align their phenology to ove r 38 0 by 2 4 h e x posu re. W it h i n t h i s g roup about 4 0 ge nes show to local and seasonal environmental conditions. We present data an AS isoform switch. TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 15:10 TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:35 demonstrating the thermo-sensing qualities of specific clock AS events, and show that temperature signalling is likely routed via LUQING ZHENG (NANJING AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, CHINA) JOHN W S BROWN (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), changes in the relative abundances of trans-acting splicing factors NIKOLETA A TZIOUTZIOU (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED t hat a re t he m selves subjec t to te mpe rat u re a ssoc iated A S. C loc k P3.8 STRTD: A HIGH-QUALITY [email protected] KINGDOM), CRISTIANE P G CALIXTO (UNIVERSITY OF function has predominantly been studied at constant acclimated TRANSCRIPTOME ANNOTATION FOR te mpe rat u res. We t he refore d i sc u ss ou r data i n t he conte x t of ou r Alternative splicing (AS) promotes transcriptome and proteome DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), RUNXUAN ZHANG (JAMES HUTTON current understanding of the response of the clock to steady state DOUBLE-MONOPLOID SOLANUM diversity and plays important roles in a wide range of biological INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), WENBIN GUO (UNIVERSITY OF temperatures. We propose that clock transcript isoform switching TUBEROSUM processes. The roles of AS in maintaining mineral nutrient DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), ALLAN B JAMES (UNIVERSITY OF is integral to the plastic response of plants to natural fluctuating homeostasis in plants are largely unknown. Here, we obtained GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), HUGH G NIMMO (UNIVERSITY OF te mpe rat u res, a nd revea l e xe mpla r c loc k te mpe rat u re sw itc hes a s whole transcriptome RNA sequencing data of rice (Oryza sativa) GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM) TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:35 a novel dimension to the thermo-plastic clock. roots grown in the presence or absence of various mineral nutrients (iron (Fe), zinc (Zn]), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and phosphorus [email protected] JUAN C ENTIZNE (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE AND (P)). Systematic analysis revealed 13,291 alternatively spliced Ge ne e x pression pat te r n s i n pla nt s c ha nge d ra mat ica l ly i n respon se UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), JOHN WS BROWN genes (representing ~53.3% of multi-exon genes in the rice to environmental stimuli. Alternative splicing (AS) is critical in (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), RUNXUAN ge nome). A s t he ove rlap bet wee n d i ffe re nt ia l ly e x pressed ge nes the regulation of such changes at the post-transcriptional level P3.7 QUANTITATIVE CHANGES IN ZHANG (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), (DEGs) and differentially alternatively spliced genes (DASGs) is but little is known of the dynamics of AS in the cold response. We ALTERNATIVE SPLICING UNDER COLD ESTELA DOMINGO TORRES (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE small, a molecular understanding of the plant’s response to mineral performed an RNA-seq time-series of Arabidopsis thaliana plants STRESS IN BARLEY DETERMINED AND UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), CRISTIANE de fic ienc y i s l i m ited by a na ly z i ng DEGs a lone. T he ta rget s of A S exposed to cold in order to characterize the cold transcriptome USING A NEWLY ESTABLISHED BARLEY CALIXTO (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), WENBIN are highly specific to each nutrient. To verify the function of AS in (Calixto et al., 2018). Differential expression and differential GUO (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM) mineral nutrition, we characterized mutants for genes encoding alternative splicing were identified throughout the time-course REFERENCE TRANSCRIPT DATASET Se r/A rg (SR) protei n s t hat f u nc t ion i n A S. We ident i fied seve ra l SR with thousands of genes changing in the first few hours of cold. CALLED BARTV1.0 [email protected] proteins as novel regulators of Zn, Mn, and P nutrition and showed Novel cold-responsive transcription factors and splicing factors/ Changes in the transcriptome are the basis of phenotypic responses that three SR protein-encoding genes (SR40, SCL57,and SCL25) play a R NA-bi nd i ng protei n s reg u lated on ly by A S we re ide nt i fied a mong TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:15 of eukaryotic organisms to environmental or developmental cues. role in regulating P uptake and remobilization between the leaves and the early response genes. A higher resolution RNA-seq time-course Re-programming of the transcriptome occurs at the transcriptional shoots of rice. Thus, AS has an important role in regulating mineral across the first 3 h of temperature reduction (plants harvested at 20’, CRAIG G SIMPSON (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED and post-transcriptional levels and includes, in particular, nutrient homeostasis in rice. 40’, 60’, 90’, 120’ and 180’). This identified the earliest transcription/ KINGDOM), PAULO RAPAZOTE-FLORES (THE JAMES HUTTON alternative splicing (AS). RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is used AS changes with important regulatory transcription factors and INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), WENBIN GUO (UNIVERSITY to quantify genome-wide transcriptional and AS changes. The RNA-binding proteins responding within 40-60 min of cold and were OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), MICHA BAYER (THE JAMES acc u rac y of d i ffe re nt ia l e x pression ( DE ) a nd d i ffe rent ia l a lte r nat ive very sensitive to even small changes in temperature. These are likely HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), LINDA MILNE (THE splicing (DAS) analysis depends on the accuracy of quantification of to drive cascades of transcriptional and AS changes of downstream P3.4 GENOME-SCALE ANALYSES OF JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), CLAUS-DIETER t ra n sc r ipt s by a l ig n me nt-f ree prog ra m s (Sa l mon , K a l l i sto). T hese genes and together determine transcriptome reprogramming that ALTERNATIVE SPLICING AND ITS MAYER (BIOMATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS SCOTLAND, UNITED require a complete, diverse and high-quality Reference Transcript governs the physiological and survival responses of plants to low KINGDOM), JOHN FULLER (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, Data set ( RT D). Ba sed on t he work done for t he development of a h ig h- REGULATION USING HIGH-THROUGHPUT temperature. In order to unravel the complexity of these cascades, UNITED KINGDOM), PETE E HEDLEY (THE JAMES HUTTON quality annotation for Arabidopsis (At RT D2) ( Z ha ng et al., 2017 ), we NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING co-transcriptional and co-splicing networks were constructed using INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), JENNY MORRIS (THE JAMES are developing a general computational pipeline to generate high- t he t i me - cou rse R NA-seq. We a re e xa m i n i ng bot h net work s to look TECHNOLOGIES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), GORDON STEPHEN (THE qua l it y t ra n sc r iptome a n notat ion s f rom e x i st i ng a n notat ion s a nd closely at regulatory genes and their potential targets. JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), JOHN WS BROWN available RNA-seq data. We applied our pipeline to generate a novel TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:00 (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), ROBBIE WAUGH high-quality transcriptome annotation for the double-monoploid (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), RUNXUAN (DM) potato line Solanum tuberosum (St RT D). St RT D ha s i nc rea sed ANIREDDY REDDY (COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY, ZHANG (THE JAMES HUTTON INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM) diversity of non-redundant, non-chimeric and non-fragmentary, UNITED STATES) P3.6 THE ROLE OF CLOCK ISOFORM transcripts compared to the current potato transcriptome (Potato SWITCHES IN PLANTS PLASTIC [email protected] Genome Sequencing Consortium). It has been used to analyse a [email protected] time-course of infection of DM by late blight and investigate NMD. RESPONSES TO TEMPERATURE A high-quality, non-redundant barley reference gene transcript Given the importance of the assembly of high-quality reference Alternative splicing, a key step in gene expression in eukaryotes, dataset (Barley Reference Transcripts – BaRTv1.0) was annotations for the accurate expression/AS analysis of RNA- contributes significantly to transcriptome complexity and gene TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 16:55 established using 808 RNA-seq samples from 11 different RNA-seq seq datasets, this pipeline will represent a valuable tool for plant regulation. My talk will focus on how short and long read high- e x pe r i menta l data set s f rom a ra nge of t i ssues, c u lt iva rs, muta nt s scientists. For many plants, genome sequences are limited and throughput sequencing technologies are being used to analyse ALLAN B JAMES (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), and abiotic stresses. Transcripts were assembled and aligned to t ra n sc r iptomes a re i ncomplete or non- e x i ste nt . T he pipel i ne a l lows alternative splicing, splice isoforms, and other post-transcriptional HUGH G NIMMO (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM) the Morex reference genome. Full-length cDNAs from the variety RT Ds to be ge ne rated for pla nt /c rop spec ies w it h ge nome seque nces events and in studying the relationship between chromatin Haruna Nijo (Matsumoto et al., 2011) were used to determine u si ng R NA-seq data a nd to e n ha nce e x pression /A S a na lysi s. architecture and alternative splicing in plants. [email protected] gene transcript coverage and high-resolution RT-PCR was used to validate alternatively spliced transcripts of 86 genes in five Plants respond to a broad dynamic range of temperature across barley development stages. BaRTv1.0 consists of 60,444 genes and multiple timescales, from very short (minute-to-minute), to 177, 2 4 0 t ra n sc r ipt s. O ve ra l l, t ra n sc r ipt s i n t h i s data set a re longe r medium term (diel), and to long-term (seasonal) changes. One way w it h less f rag me ntat ion ; have i mproved a n notat ion s; con si st of in which plants perceive, buffer and integrate this wide range of high-quality transcripts with well supported splice junctions; and ‘noi sy ’ tempe rat u re i n for mat ion i s v ia t he c i rcad ia n c loc k , si m i la r provide improved quantification accuracy for RNA-seq data. Like to the established role for the clock in temperature sensation in the Arabidopsis, we f u r t he r opt i m i sed t h i s data set for qua nt i ficat ion ot her orga n isms. A sig n i fica nt role for a lter nat ive spl ici ng (A S) of alternative spliced isoforms (BaRTv1.0-QUASI) by developing a in cooling associated transcriptome reprograming in plants has t ra n sc r ipt data set seque nce padded to t he longest 5’ a nd 3’ e nd s to been established. Notably some of these AS changes involve reduce quantification errors caused by mis-annotation at the UTR ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 242 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 243
or t hologs of a n i ma l SR protei n s a nd t h ree a re pla nt spec i fic. T he P3.9 RNA-BINDING PROTEINS model species Arabidopsis thaliana e x presses 18 SR protei n ge nes, P3.12 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE P3.13 RIBONOMICS TO UNRAVEL INVOLVED IN GENE EXPRESSION distributed among all subfamilies, plus two SR-like proteins with a IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE SPLICING IN POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL NETWORKS non-canonical domain structure. Several arabidopsis SR proteins AND ALTERNATIVE SPLICING IN have in recent years been ascribed roles in the response to abiotic PLANT RESPONSES TO DIFFERENT TYPES IN ARABIDOPSIS ARABIDOPSIS UNDER COLD STRESS stress. Comparatively, little is known of these RNA-binding proteins OF STIMULI in early land plants. Mosses such as Physcomitrella patens present a WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:00 TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:37 valuable opportunity to study the evolutionary pathway of genes TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:43 due to their close similarity with early land plants. Our preliminary DOROTHEE STAIGER (BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), TINO NIKOLETA A TZIOUTZIOU (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, UNITED in silico analyses indicate that the P. patens genome encodes a similar GUIOMAR MARTIN (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE CIÊNCIA KÖSTER (RNA BIOLOGY ANS MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY, BIELEFELD KINGDOM), CRISTIANE PG CALIXTO (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, number of SR protein genes as higher plants, with all subfamilies (IGC), PORTUGAL), PAULA DUQUE (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), MARTIN LEWINSKI (RNA BIOLOGY AND UNITED KINGDOM), RUNXUAN ZHANG (THE JAMES HUTTON being present though comprising a variable number of members. DE CIÊNCIA (IGC), PORTUGAL), MANUEL IRIMIA (CENTRE FOR MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY, BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), INSTITUTE, UNITED KINGDOM), WENBIN GUO (UNIVERSITY OF Future functional studies will shed light on the significance of GENOMIC REGULATION (CRG), SPAIN) KATJA MEYER (RNA BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY, DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), ALLAN B JAMES (UNIVERSITY OF this key family of splicing factors in early land plants and on the BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), MARLENE REICHEL GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), HUGH G NIMMO (UNIVERSITY OF conservation of their role in plant stress tolerance. [email protected] (RNA BIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY, BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), OLGA SCHMIDT (RNA BIOLOGY AND GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), JOHN WS BROWN (UNIVERSITY OF Plants adapt their development to different environmental MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY, BIELEFELD UNIVERSITY, GERMANY) DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM) and developmental cues by rearranging their transcriptome and proteome. During the last decades, much effort has been [email protected] [email protected] P3.11 ALTERNATIVE SPLICING put into understanding how signalling cascades initiated by We studied the cold transcriptome of Arabidopsis by conducting a REGULATION OF STRESS RESPONSES IN mu lt iple st i mu l i adju st t ra n sc r iptome d ive rsit y. T hese resea rc h A key function for RNA-binding proteins in orchestrating plant t i me - cou rse R NA-seq e x pe r i me nt of pla nt s g row n to 20 °C for 5 wee k s ARABIDOPSIS — A LINK TO CHROMATIN? efforts have focused mainly on the role of transcription factors development and environmental responses is well established. a nd t he n e x posed to 4 °C for 4 days. Sa mpl i ng eve r y 3 h on t he la st in controlling gene expression. However, recent studies are However, the lack of a genome-wide view on their in vivo binding day at 20 °C a nd on t he fi rst a nd t he fou r t h days at 4 °C a l lowed u s to beginning to uncover a key contribution of alternative splicing, a targets and binding landscapes has for a longtime represented a TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:41 identify changes in expression and alternative splicing in thousands posttranscriptional mechanism that generates multiple transcripts major gap in understanding the mode of action of plant RNA-binding of ge nes a s wel l a s c ha nges i n t he rhy t h m ic e x pression (a mpl it ude from the same gene, to the diversification of plant transcriptomes. proteins. We have for the first time adapted individual nucleotide ALBA R DÍEZ (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE CIÊNCIA, and phase) of core clock and clock associated genes and hundreds of Despite functional evidence pointing to alternative splicing as a resolution crosslinking immunoprecipitation (iCLIP) for genome- PORTUGAL), PAULA DUQUE (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE other downstream genes. The time-course dataset allowed us to map major player i n t he adaptat ion of pla nt development to d i fferent wide determining the binding repertoire of the circadian clock- CIÊNCIA, PORTUGAL) t he t i m i ng of whe n eac h ge ne fi rst becomes d i ffe re nt ia l ly e x pressed external and internal stimuli, little is known about the underlying regulated Arabidopsis thaliana glycine-rich RNA-binding protein (DE) and/or differentially alternatively spliced (DAS). Around 50 mechanisms. Is alternative splicing controlling gene expression AtGR P 7. iC L I P ide nt i fied a rou nd 8 0 0 t ra n sc r ipt s w it h sig n i fica nt ly [email protected] splicing factors (SFs) and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) belong to a nd protei n d ive rsit y si m i la rly i n respon se to d i ffe rent st i mu l i? Do enriched crosslink sites in plants expressing AtGRP7-GFP and absent t he l i st of ge nes wh ic h a re most rapid ly DE a nd /or DA S i n t he fi rst Alternative splicing has emerged as a major contributor to plant total gene expression and alternative splicing impact distinct or i n pla nt s e x pressi ng a n R NA-bi nd i ng- dead AtG R P 7 va r ia nt or G F P 3 h of cold t reat me nt, wh ic h may reg u late dow n st rea m ca scades of st ress tole ra nce, but t he spec i fic ge nes a nd eve nt s i nvolved re ma i n comple me nta r y molec u la r pat hways i n respon se to d i ffe re nt t y pes alone. To independently validate the targets, we performed RNA alternatve splicing important for cold response and acclimation. mostly unknown. We are making use of natural variance in the of st ress? To a ssess t he si m i la r it ies a nd d i ffe re nces bet wee n t he immunoprecipitation (RIP)-sequencing of AtGRP7-GFP plants A new RNA-seq time-course across the first 3 h of temperature model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to substantiate a role for alternative molecular processes controlled by transcription and alternative subjec ted to for ma ldehyde fi xat ion . Ha l f of t he iC L I P ta rget s we re reduc t ion whe re pla nt s we re ha r vested at 20 ’, 4 0 ’, 6 0 ’, 9 0 ’, 120 ’ a nd splicing in stress responses mediated by the phytohormone abscisic splicing in response to a wide range of stimuli, we have implemented a lso ident i fied by R I P-seq, t hu s represent i ng a set of h ig h- con fidence 180’ gives us a better resolution of the earliest changes in SFs/RBPs acid (ABA) and uncover functionally significant splicing targets. Vast-tools, a computational pipeline to detect and quantify all binders. To determine the fate of the bound targets in the cell, we and defines those with the highest expression levels and the largest Our extensive phenotypic screen of 24 A. thaliana accessions, types of alternative splicing events from RNA-seq data (https:// cross-referenced the targets against transcriptome changes in changes in alternative splicing (high ΔPS values). We are currently u si ng t he Col- 0 ecot y pe a s a refe rence, ha s ident i fied va r ia nt s w it h github.com/vastgroup/vast-tools), for the model plant Arabidopsis AtGRP7 loss-of-function mutants or overexpressing plants. This using mutants of these rapidly altered SFs/RBPs to characterize their reduced a nd i nc rea sed se n sit iv it y to A BA at d i ffe re nt developme nta l thaliana. We are also generating a database of arabidopsis profiles revealed a predominantly negative effect of AtGRP7 on its direct physiological response to cold/freezing. Molecular phenotyping of stages. I n fac t, K n- 0 a nd C 2 4 a re con si stent ly respec t ively hy po - by gathering RNA-seq samples available in the Short Read Archive targets. Additionally, we observed changes in circadian expression the mutants shows a number of changes in the alternative splicing and hypersensitive to ABA during early seedling growth, mirrored (SRA) forvarious developmental and environmental conditions. patterns of numerous target genes, in line with a proposed function of potential regulated target genes including core clock genes. by an under- and over-induction of ABA marker genes. We will Our comparative analysis of these profiles is shedding light on the of the protein as a molecular slave oscillator in the circadian timing conduct RNA-seq analysis of the Col-0, Kn-0 and C24 variants grown mode of action and biological functions of alternative splicing in system. Furthermore, several targets show changes in alternative under control and ABA conditions to identify the gene expression respon se to d i ffe re nt st i mu l i. splicing in response to altered AtGRP7 levels that frequently lead and alternative splicing changes correlating with opposing to PTC-containing transcript isoforms. In particular, AtGRP7 P3.10 THE PHYSCOMITRELLA PATENS ABA sensitivity. Moreover, we are addressing the hypothesis mediates splicing changes in response to abiotic stresses. FAMILY OF SR PROTEIN SPLICING that alternative splicing in plants is regulated by stress-induced Establ i sh i ng iC L I P for pla nt s represe nt s a major adva nce me nt i n c h romat i n c ha nges. E nv i ron me nta l st ress ma rked ly i mpac t s bot h plant RNA biology and paves the way to investigate the dynamics FACTORS alternative splicing and chromatin remodelling in plants systems, of posttranscriptional networks. while a functional connection between these two processes has TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 17:39 been provided by the discovery of animal adaptor proteins that read spec i fic c h romat i n ma rk s a nd rec r u it spl ic i ng fac tors to t he pre - JOSÉ P MELO (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE CIÊNCIA, mRNA. Our recent results show that loss-of-function of arabidopsis PORTUGAL), MARIA KALYNA (UNIVERSITY OF NATURAL orthologues of an animal adaptor protein causes striking impairment RESOURCES AND LIFE SCIENCES, AUSTRIA), PAULA DUQUE of ABA responses at both the physiological and molecular levels. We (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE CIÊNCIA, PORTUGAL) will use these mutants to search for chromatin-regulated alternative splicing events governing plant stress tolerance. [email protected] When plants colonised land they had to overcome many challenges. To cope with their harsh new environment, many traits gradually evolved giving rise to the plants we know today. One molecular mechanism likely to have allowed plants to cope with adverse environments is alternative splicing, a key posttranscriptional process largely modulated by SR proteins. This conserved family of spl ic i ng fac tors ha s received sig n i fica nt at te nt ion i n h ig he r pla nt s, whe re it ca n be d iv ided i nto si x subfa m i l ies, t h ree of wh ic h a re d i rec t ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 244 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 245
consequently proteome abundance and diversity. We show that green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged version of SR34a under the P3.14 SPECIFICITY OF ALTERNATIVE the capacity of tomato germplasm to adapt to abrupt temperature P3.17 ALTERNATIVE SPLICING control of its endogenous promoter and a combination of iCLIP and SPLICING REGULATION BY PLANT changes that cause heat stress was reduced during domestication. CONTROL OF ABIOTIC STRESS R NA-seq a na lyses. Resu lt s stem m i ng f rom t h i s work a re e x pec ted Differences in thermotolerance are associated with variation to contribute to elucidate how SR proteins and alternative splicing POLYPYRIMIDINE TRACT-BINDING in temperature-sensitive pre-mRNA splicing of the heat stress RESPONSES control plant physiological responses under environmental stress. PROTEINS transcription factor HsfA2. We identified nucleotide polymorphisms involved in splicing efficiency of the second intron of HsfA2. WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:35 WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:35 Temperature-sensitive alternative splicing leads to two HsfA2 protein isoforms. HsfA2-I is involved in long-term thermotolerance PAULA DUQUE (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE CIÊNCIA, P3.19 A NOVEL RNA-BINDING PROTEIN RICA BURGARDT (INSTITUTE FOR MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY, and gradual adaptation to heat stress, while HsfA2-II functions in PORTUGAL) INVOLVED IN ABA SIGNALLING AND UNIVERSITY OF MAINZ, GERMANY), GABRIELE WAGNER (CENTER immediate response and therefore stimulates the rapid adaptation METABOLISM FOR PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (ZMBP), UNIVERSITY OF capacity of plants to high temperatures. HsfA2AAA and HsfA2GAG [email protected] alleles characterized by efficient intron splicing and synthesis TÜBINGEN, GERMANY), ANDREAS WACHTER (INSTITUTE FOR Alternative mRNA splicing is a highly prevalent posttranscriptional of HsfA2-II are prominently present in wild accessions and are WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 12:12 MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF MAINZ, GERMANY) gene e x pression reg u lat ion mec ha n i sm i n eu ka r yot ic genomes, therefore more thermotolerant than modern cultivars. The selection whose functional significance remains poorly understood in plant for HsfA2GGG haplotype during tomato domestication moderated RUI ALBUQUERQUE MARTINS (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE [email protected] system s. A s a potent en ha nce r of t he genome’s cod i ng a nd reg u lator y thermotolerance due to reduced HsfA2-II levels. Two Serine/ CIÊNCIA, PORTUGAL), JAMES ROWE (SAINSBURY LABORATORY, Alternative splicing (AS) is a way of gene regulation widely used capacities that is markedly affected by external cues in plants, Arginine-rich protein family members mediate intron retention CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), ALEXANDER M in eukaryotes. It is based on the variable definition of exons and alternative splicing is likely to play a determinant role in the ability in HsfA2 during heat stress, thereby ensuring the accumulation of JONES (SAINSBURY LABORATORY, CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY, introns on the precursor mRNA and greatly enhances transcript of these organisms to cope with environmental stress. Arginine/ HsfA2-I to increase plant fitness and acclimation under long-term UNITED KINGDOM), PAULA DUQUE (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE diversity. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, at least 61% of all serine-rich (SR) proteins are highly conserved RNA-binding and repeated cycles of stress. Our results give insights into a central CIÊNCIA, PORTUGAL) i nt ron- conta i n i ng genes a re subjec t to A S, but how t h i s process i s proteins playing key roles in alternative splicing. Ongoing work in heat stress response mechanism that contributes to plant plasticity reg u lated i s st i l l poorly u nde rstood . O u r g roup prev iou sly ide nt i fied our lab with the SR protein family of the model organism Arabidopsis to respond to d i ffe re nt st ress reg i mes. [email protected] the polypyrimidine tract-binding proteins AtPTB1 and AtPTB2 thaliana is providing functional links between alternative splicing as plant AS regulators, controlling more than 450 events with and plant responses to abiotic stress, particularly those mediated Alternative splicing is a key posttranscriptional gene regulatory implications in many physiological and developmental processes. by the abscisic acid (ABA) hormone. Interestingly, these splicing mechanism that greatly expands the coding capacity of eukaryotic In our current research, we investigate the mechanistic level of factors appear to display different modes of ABA signaling regulation genomes. Although the functional relevance of alternative splicing PTB-mediated AS in A. thaliana. We ident i fied bi nd i ng mot i fs for P3.16 THE SR45 SPLICING FACTOR and act specifically during the initial stages of plant growth in plant systems remains poorly understood, recent evidence points AtPTB1/2 in selected targets and demonstrated their importance for PLAYS OPPOSING ROLES IN THE and development. to functional roles for serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins, which are correct AS in vitro and in vivo. We further revealed that AtPTB1/2 REGULATION OF STRESS RESPONSES major modulators of alternative splicing. Indeed, several loss-of- e x h ibit t i ssue -spec i fic cont rol of i nd iv idua l m R NA s, i nc lud i ng t he DURING EARLY PLANT DEVELOPMENT function mutants for several Arabidopsis thaliana SR proteins have PTB2 transcript itself. This regulation depends on PTB binding been fou nd to e x h ibit a lte red st ress respon ses a s wel l a s sen sit iv it y mot i fs a nd i s t ig ht ly pat te r ned , w it h low ac t iv it y i n e x te r ior t i ssues P3.18 THE ARABIDOPSIS SR PROTEIN and/or metabolism of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA). Here like the seed coat and high activity in reproductive organs. The WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:15 SR34A NEGATIVELY REGULATES ABA- we show that knocking out the A. thaliana RSZ21 gene leads to ABA t i ssue -spec i fic ac t iv it y pat te r n s a l so led to t he ide nt i ficat ion of a hy posen sit iv it y at d i ffe rent stages of ea rly seed l i ng development. new target, a receptor-like kinase that undergoes a PTB-dependent DORA SZAKONYI (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE CIÊNCIA, MEDIATED STRESS RESPONSES DURING These physiological phenotypes are corroborated at the molecular splicing switch and might be involved in reproduction. In total, our PORTUGAL), RAQUEL F CARVALHO (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE SEED GERMINATION AND EARLY level by a reduced ABA-mediated induction of established ABA work provides evidence that AtPTB1/2-controlled AS in plants CIÊNCIA, PORTUGAL), PAULA DUQUE (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT marker genes such as RAB18, confirming that the RSZ21 protein is a more complex and closely regulated process than previously DE CIÊNCIA, PORTUGAL) acts as a positive regulator of ABA responses. Moreover, reduced known. Future studies will attempt to identify co-regulatory induction of the key ABA biosynthesis gene NCED3 in response to WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 12:10 factors and uncover further biological functions to understand [email protected] salt stress in the rsz21-1 mutant suggests a role in ABA biosynthesis. how t i ssue -spec i fic it y i s conveyed i n pla nt A S a nd how it shapes The regulation and molecular mode of action of this SR protein in The capacity to cope with adverse environmental conditions is TOM LALOUM (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE CIENCIA, developmental processes. ABA-mediated stress responses will be investigated combining critical for plant survival and reproduction. Abiotic stress signals PORTUGAL), PAULA DUQUE (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE transcriptomic, biochemical and cell biology approaches to assess trigger abscisic acid (ABA) dependent molecular pathways leading CIENCIA, PORTUGAL) whet he r A BA level s a nd dy na m ics a re a ffec ted by R SZ21 f u nc t ion to key adaptive changes in growth and development. We previously and identify the mRNAs targeted to modulate the response to reported that the Arabidopsis thaliana SR45 splicing factor [email protected] stress. Elucidating the mechanisms governing posttranscriptional P3.15 ALTERNATIVE SPLICING OF A negatively regulates ABA and sugar signalling during cotyledon Plant osmotic stresses promote the synthesis of the hormone abscisic control of ABA signalling and metabolism may open the way to HEAT STRESS TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR development. We demonstrated that under high glucose conditions, acid (ABA), which triggers major gene expression changes and development of novel strategies to improve plant tolerance to adverse an SR45 loss-of-function mutant contains higher amounts of the SHAPED THERMOTOLERANCE DURING physiological responses to adapt to environmental stress. While environmental conditions. Sn R K1 protei n – a n ene rg y-sen si ng k i na se coord i nat i ng suga r a nd TOMATO DOMESTICATION the transcriptional and posttranslational control of ABA-mediated stress responses – which are suppressed by a proteasome inhibitor plant stress responses has been well established, emerging evidence i nd icat i ng t hat SR4 5 promotes ta rget i ng of Sn R K1 for deg radat ion . points also to a central role for posttranscriptional regulation in WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:55 Our results also showed that SR45 controls alternative splicing of t h i s process. I n ag ree me nt, pla nt muta nt s defec t ive i n d i ffe re nt multiple genes, including 5PTase13 phosphatase, a known regulator RNA-binding proteins have been found to be severely impaired SOTIRIOS AKIS FRAGKOSTEFANAKIS (GOETHE UNIVERSITY of Sn R K1 stabi l it y i n v it ro. Howeve r, gel-sh i f t a ssays i nd icate t hat in their response to stresses mediated by the ABA hormone. We FRANKFURT, GERMANY), REMUS ROZENKRANZ (GOETHE SR45 is unable to bind directly the 5PTase13 RNA, and transient recently identified theArabidopsis thaliana SR34a gene — encoding UNIVERSITY FRANKFURT, GERMANY), YANGJIE HU (GOETHE expression of the two 5PTase13 splice variants in isolated arabidopsis a serine/arginine-rich (SR) protein belonging to a conserved family UNIVERSITY FRANKFURT, GERMANY), JOSÉ M JIMÉNEZ-GÓMEZ lea f protopla st s does not d i ffe re nt ia l ly a ffec t Sn R K1 level s, ref ut ing of splicing factors with key roles in alternative splicing — as a (INSTITUT JEAN-PIERRE BOURGIN, INRA AGROPARISTECH, a role for 5PTase13 in SR45-mediated control of sugar responses. negative regulator of ABA-mediated stress responses. In fact, a CNRS, FRANCE), ENRICO SCHLEIFF (GOETHE UNIVERSITY Remarkably, our latest results reveal that loss of SR45 function true loss-of-function mutant for this SR protein, sr34a-1, displays FRANKFURT, GERMANY) causes hyposensitivity to ABA and sugars during seed germination, marked hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA application, as well with molecular markers corroborating the notion that the SR45 as to high salinity and drought stress during seed germination and [email protected] splicing factor shifts from positively to negatively regulating ABA- the transition from heterotrophic to autotrophic growth (cotyledon mediated stress responses during the first steps of plant growth. Exposure to high temperatures leads to a massive molecular g ree n i ng ). Accord i ng ly, t he e x pression of seve ra l A BA ma rke r ge nes We are currently searching for splicing targets underlying these reprogramming to enforce protection of molecules and cellular is clearly upregulated in sr34a-1. To gain mechanistic insight into the opposing SR45 stress functions during early plant development. structures which are essential for survival and recovery from stress. mode of action of SR34a, the RNAs targeted by this splicing factor Heat stress has a major impact on pre-mRNA splicing landscape and w i l l be ide nt i fied u si ng comple me nted muta nt l i nes e x pressi ng a ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 246 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 247
snRNA transcription-deficient mutantsrd2 and the snRNA cap degradation. NMD was also implicated in broader regulation of P3.20 ALTERNATIVE TRANSCRIPTS hypermethylation-deficient mutantattgs , I would like to discuss P3.23 A LONG NON-CODING RNA gene expression. We discovered that NMD suppresses defense OF ARABIDOPSIS MAJOR FACILITATOR roles for active regulation of snRNP biogenesis in plant development REGULATES ALTERNATIVE SPLICING response through regulating stability of TNL immune receptors. and environmental response. NMD is downregulated upon bacterial infection and this SUPERFAMILY TRANSPORTER GENE mechanism contributes to bolstering plant defense. We performed WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:25 DETERMINE FUNCTIONAL ROLES IN in depth comparative analysis of plants lacking the key proteins THE RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL i nvolved i n d i ffe rent steps of N M D. A lt houg h SMG7 a nd U PF1 ac t AND HORMONAL CUES P3.22 MERISTEM-DEFECTIVE, A NOVEL MARTIN CRESPI (INSTITUTE OF PLANT SCIENCES PARIS- non-redu nda nt ly on t he con sec ut ive steps of N M D, we obse r ved SPLICING FACTOR WHICH IS ESSENTIAL SACLAY, FRANCE), J BAZIN (INSTITUTE OF PLANT SCIENCES different impact ofsmg7 and upf1 null mutations on plant growth PARIS-SACLAY, FRANCE), T ROULÉ (INSTITUTE OF PLANT and transcriptome. UPF1 inactivation had much greater effect WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 12:14 FOR ROOT MERISTEM DEVELOPMENT IN SCIENCES PARIS-SACLAY, FRANCE), C HARTMANN (INSTITUTE on accumulation of aberrantly spliced mRNA and transcriptome ARABIDOPSIS OF PLANT SCIENCES PARIS-SACLAY, FRANCE), T BLEIN homeostasis than SMG7, indicating existence of yet unknown MARÍA NIÑO-GONZÁLEZ (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE CIÊNCIA, (INSTITUTE OF PLANT SCIENCES PARIS-SACLAY, FRANCE), branch of NMD in plants that is parallel to SMG7/5/6 pathway. PORTUGAL), PAULA DUQUE (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE C CHARON (INSTITUTE OF PLANT SCIENCES PARIS-SACLAY, WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:05 Transcriptome assembly in upf1 plants revealed novel alternatively CIÊNCIA, PORTUGAL) FRANCE), L LUCERO (UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL LITORAL, spl iced i sofor m s neve r detec ted before u nde rly i ng i mpac t of N M D ARGENTINA), F ARIEL (UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL LITORAL, on t ra n sc r iptome ma i nte na nce. To e xa m i ne t he i mpac t of U PF1 [email protected] HELEN L THOMPSON (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), ARGENTINA) WEIRAN SHEN (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), DAVID on translation, we analyzed RNA in monosomal and polysomal T he Major Faci l itator Super fa m i ly ( M FS) represents t he second fractions of ribosomes in upf1 mutants. We observed a global shift DOLAN (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), CRISTIANE [email protected] largest family of transporters on earth and is one of only two groups CALIXTO (DUNDEE UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), MEDHAVI of mRNAs from polysomes to monosomes. Interestingly, NMD of transporters common to all forms of life. As with many other gene KAKKAR (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), SINA Non-coding RNAs have emerged as major components of the targets as well as low expressing mRNA with short half-life were families, the MFS is largely expanded in plants; in fact, the genome of MOZAFFARI-JOVIN (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF BIOPHYSICAL eukaryotic transcriptome. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) shifted from monsomes to polysomes in upf1 indicating role of UPF1 the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana appears to encode over 200 MFS CHEMISTRY, GERMANY), CARL JONES (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, act either directly or are processed to shorter miRNA and siRNAs in suppressing translation of aberrant RNAs. Particularly striking genes, t he va st major it y of wh ic h rema i n u nc ha rac te r i sed . Seve ra l UNITED KINGDOM), JENNIFER TOPPING (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, a nd ac t t h roug h spec i fic r ibonuc leoprotei n comple xes to modu late was increase in translation of TNL immune receptors. Regulation of arabidopsis MFS transporters have been studied in our laboratory, UNITED KINGDOM), SUSHMA N GRELLSCHEID (DURHAM t he e x pression of m R NA ta rget s. Genome -w ide R NA sequenc i ng T N Ls v ia U PF1/ N M D -med iated m R NA stabi l it y a nd t ra n slat iona l revealing not only key roles in the response to environmental stress, UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), KEITH LINDSEY (DURHAM in roots identified manyArabidopsis lncRNAs, such as si/miRNA de-repression offers a dynamic mechanism for rapid activation of but also striking examples of the biological relevance of alternative UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) precursors, antisense or intergenic lncRNAs. In addition, ribosome TNLs in response to pathogen attack. splicing – a key posttranscriptional mechanism to generate proteome profi l i ng ha s a l lowed u s to more prec i sely de fi ne t he cod i ng pote nt ia l d ive rsit y a nd reg u late ge ne e x pression – i n pla nt syste m s. He re, we [email protected] of lncRNA and to pinpoint a role of small ORF translation in ta- describe ongoing work aimed at the functional characterisation siRNA biogenesis. Targeted analysis of lncRNA identified that of an A. thaliana gene encoding a novel MFS transporter, which Around 61% of Arabidopsis intron-containing genes undergo the ALTERNATIVE SPLICING COMPETITOR (ASCO) lncRNA P3.25 TWO UPSTREAM ORFS OF AN we have temporarily named MFS18. Our results show that, apart alternative splicing and splice isoform variants have been reported interacts with Nuclear Speckle RNA Binding Proteins (NSRs) to ARABIDOPSIS ZINC TRANSPORTER from the canonical transcript encoding the full-length protein, two in different cell types, organs and developmental stages. Examples regulate alternative splicing (AS) patterns of several mRNAs linking alternative variants are generated through alternative splicing have been shown of involvement in abiotic stress response, circadian ASCO action to alternative splicing. The effect of the knockdown ACT AS A FAIL-SAFE MECHANISM TO or polyadenylation. Both these variant mRNAs code for the same clock gene regulation and development. We are investigating the role of ASCO (RNAi) at genome-wide level showed that only a minor REPRESS TRANSLATION truncated protein due to the use of the same intronic stop codon. Loss of a novel splicing factor MDF in the development of the Arabidopsis subset of genes overlapped with the AS defects of the nsra/b double of the canonical transcript causes hypocotyl hypersensitivity to root meristem. The MDF gene is predominantly expressed in mutant. In particular, a high number of deregulated and alternatively WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:05 the hormone gibberellin (GA), whereas hypersensitivity to chilling localised areas of increased mitotic activity such as the root and spliced genes in ASCO RNAi plants were related to flagellin response has been observed in mutant seedlings lacking the alternative apical meristems and functions independently of auxin regulation. and biotic stress. In agreement, ASCO-deregulated plants are more ESTHER NOVO-UZAL (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE CIÊNCIA, transcripts. Together, these results corroborate a functional role The null T-DNA mutant mdf-1 displays aberrant root meristem sen sit ive to flagel l i n . Fu r t he r more, we de mon st rated t hat A SCO PORTUGAL), DÓRA SZAKONYI (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN DE for the MFS18 transporter in the control of plant cell expansion in development and key meristem regulatory genes are down regulated. also interacts with PRP8a, a key component of the spliceosome. Our CIÊNCIA, PORTUGAL), PAULA DUQUE (INSTITUTO GULBENKIAN respon se to cold st ress a nd G A , med iated by t he d i ffe rent t ra n sc r ipt s MDF is homologous to human SART1 and our modelling predicts it results hint the existence of a dynamic network between lncRNAs DE CIÊNCIA, PORTUGAL) generated from this arabidopsis gene. has a similar tertiary structure. SART1 interacts with Prp6 and Prp8 and splicing factors to modulate transcriptome diversity during in the human U4/U6 snRNP during B complex formation and we are development, conditioning the response to environmental cues. [email protected] investigating whether MDF interacts similarly with the Arabidopsis spliceosome. Our RNA sequencing and HR-RTPCR analysis show Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) are protein-coding regions P3.21 ROLES FOR SNRNP BIOGENESIS that in mdf-1 key components of the splicing cycle are alternatively i n t he 5’ u nt ra n slated reg ion ( U T R) of m R NA s. T hey a re k now n to be IN PLANT DEVELOPMENT AND spliced along with a subset of SR genes reported to be associated P3.24 EXPLORING FUNCTIONS OF able to affect translation of the main ORF (mORF), usually reducing with root development. MDF also appears to have a role in the NONSENSE-MEDIATED RNA DECAY the levels of protein production due to a decrease in translation ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSES abiotic stress response through the isoform switching of two efficiency. Around 20-50% of eukaryotic genes contain uORFs, spl ice va r ia nt s. We w i l l prese nt ou r model of how M DF reg u lates IN PLANTS: RNA QUALITY CONTROL and in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana these genes have been WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 14:30 the balance between stem cell identity, meristem activity and AND BEYOND estimated to be 35%, with about half harbouring multiple uORFs. differentiation through alternative splicing of other splicing factors Neve r t heless, ve r y few uOR Fs i n pla nt ge nes have bee n e xa m i ned MISATO OHTANI (NAIST-BS, JAPAN) a nd me r i ste m-spec i fic ge nes. WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 16:30 for t hei r f u nc t iona l sig n i fica nce. We ide nt i fied t h ree uOR Fs, na med uORF1, uORF2 and uORF3, in the arabidopsis ZIF2 (Zinc-Induced [email protected] KAREL RIHA (CEITEC MASARYK UNIVERSITY, CZECH REPUBLIC), Facilitator 2) gene. ZIF2 is a membrane transporter that mediates vacuolar compartmentalization of zinc in root cortical cells, thereby Small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), which contain small VIVEK K RAXWAL (CEITEC MASARYK UNIVERSITY, CZECH conferring plant tolerance to the heavy metal. We have found that nuc lea r R NA s (sn R NA s) a nd t hei r spec i fic i nte rac t i ng protei n s, a re REPUBLIC), JUAN C ENTIZNE (UNIVERSITY OF DUNDEE, simultaneous disruption of all uORFs results in a marked increase in core components of the spliceosome, the molecular machinery for UNITED KINGDOM), JIRADET GLOGGNITZER (INSTITUTE OF the activity of the luciferase reporter gene, demonstrating the ability pre-mRNA splicing. snRNPs are built up through the complicated BIOCHEMISTRY ETH, SWITZERLAND), WENBIN GUO (UNIVERSITY of at lea st one Z I F2 uOR F to i n h ibit mOR F t ra n slat ion . D i sr upt ion of stepwise processes; first, snRNAs, essential components of snRNPs, OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), CRAIG SIMPSON (UNIVERSITY each individual uORF revealed that uORF2 is the main player in the should be transcribed, processed, and modified by the specific OF DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM), JOHN BROWN (UNIVERSITY OF obse r ved t ra n slat iona l repression , whe rea s uOR F1 does not a ffec t reg u lators, a nd t hen t he mat u red sn R NA s w i l l i nte rac t w it h spec i fic DUNDEE, UNITED KINGDOM) translation and uORF3 is translated and inhibits mORF translation proteins in a step-by-step manner, to become snRNPs. Interestingly, only in the absence of uORF2. We thus postulate that the ZIF2 uORF3 the Arabidopsis mutants of snRNP biogenesis factors have been [email protected] acts as a fail-safe mechanism to inhibit translation, to our knowledge shown to be defective not only for plant development but also for Nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) is an evolutionary conserved the first observation of such a mode of regulation in plant systems. the responses to environmental factors, such as temperature RNA control mechanism that targets aberrant transcripts for and salinity. In this talk, based on our recent findings of the ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 248 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 249
c h lorophyl l fluoresce nce i mag i ng a nd t he r mog raphy a l low rapid , P4 STOMATAL AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC P4.3 STOMATAL BLUE LIGHT RESPONSE non-contact measurement of a large number of plants, however their biological interpretation is more challenging. Deriving g AND THE IMPACT ON ASSIMILATION AND sw REGULATION OF WATER USE WATER USE EFFICIENCY f rom t he r mog ra m s u si ng e ne rg y ba la nce equat ion s i s st i l l e x t re mely difficult and is not widely used. Recent advances in imaging met hod s a nd i nte r pretat ion of c h lorophyl l fluorescence i mag i ng EFFICIENCY THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:45 and thermography are presented with insights on how stomatal behaviour impact the spatial and temporal response of Wi under a TRACY LAWSON (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM), dynamic environment. JACK SA MATTHEWS (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM), SILVERE VIALET-CHABRAND (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM) P4.5 IONIC EFFECTS MAY ALTER THE ORGANISED BY: ANDREW LEAKEY (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN) [email protected] CONSERVED STOMATAL DYNAMICS Stomata control the uptake of CO for photosynthesis and at the AND TRACY LAWSON (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX) 2 WITHIN CUCURBITACEAE same time water loss through transpiration, which aids in nutrient uptake and evaporative cooling of the leaf. Stomata open in response to THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:15 increasing light, however this response depends on the wavelengths of l ig ht, a nd ge ne ra l ly t wo d i ffe re nt respon ses have bee n ide nt i fied . T he P4.1 WHERE AND WHEN IS HIGH VS LOW P4.2 NOVEL ASPECTS OF CARBON TSU-WEI CHEN (INSTITUT FÜR GARTENBAULICHE fi rst i s na med t he “red” l ig ht or mesophyl l respon se, a nd occ u rs at h ig h STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE FAVORABLE PRODUKTIONSSYSTEME, GERMANY), JENNIFER MEIER (INSTITUT DIOXIDE SIGNALLING IN STOMATA light intensities and is linked directly to the rate of photosynthesis. FÜR GARTENBAULICHE PRODUKTIONSSYSTEME, GERMANY) TO BIOMASS ACCUMULATION: A T he second i s t he “spec i fic blue” l ig ht respon se, wh ic h occ u rs a nd i s THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:30 saturated at light levels too low to drive photosynthesis. This means PROBABILISTIC APPROACH [email protected] that under red blue combinations stomata are often more open than DEIRDRE H MCLACHLAN (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED t hey need to be to ac h ieve ma x i mu m CO uptake for photosynthesis, THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:00 2 Rece nt data showed sig n i fica nt va r iabi l it ies i n dy na m ics of stomata l KINGDOM), PENG SUN (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED and therefore the ratio of carbon gain to water loss through stomatal conductance (g ) between and within plant genus and showed the KINGDOM), ALISTAIR M HETHERINGTON (UNIVERSITY OF conductance (g ), k now n as i nt r i nsic water use efficiency ( W ), is s FRANCOIS TARDIEU (INRA MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), s i correlations between the morphological traits, stomatal dynamics BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM) reduced . We have qua nt i fied t he i mpac t of blue l ig ht on g , assimilation BORIS PARENT (INRA MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), LLORENÇ C s (SD) a nd whole -pla nt wate r u se. He re we e xa m i ned t he d ive rsit y i n rate (A) and W i n a ra nge of d i ffe rent spec ies a nd have compa red t hese BOSQUET (INRA MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), SANTIAGO A PRADO i SD a nd mor pholog y i n 10 c uc u rbit s l i nes or F1- c u lt iva rs represent i ng [email protected] respon ses to t he e ffec t of red l ig ht a lone. We d i sc u ss t hese fi nd i ngs (INRA MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), CLAUDE WELCKER (INRA t he major phylogenet ic c lades i n Cuc u rbitaceae (five c u lt iva rs i n in the light of manipulating the blue light response for improving W MONTPELLIER, FRANCE) Stomata are pores on the surface of leaves that allow CO entry i Cucumis sativus, two cultivars in Curcubita maxima and one cultivar 2 in crop plants. for photosynthesis and also contribute to the regulation of the in Lagenaria siceraria, Luffa cylindrical and Momordica charantia). SD [email protected] transpiration stream. As water loss from evapotranspiration could i n respon se to l ig ht- on a nd l ig ht- off (f rom 10 0 to 1,0 0 0 μ mol photon / potentially lead to dehydration stress, the pore aperture is tightly m2/s and vice versa) was characterized by the time constant (k) for The control of stomatal conductance involves numerous controlled. Stomatal aperture is modified to suit the prevailing g to achieve steady-state, the initial lag in response to the changing processes, with a genetic variability each, including hydraulics s environmental conditions and this process involves sensing and P4.4 IMAGING WATER USE EFFICIENCY light environment (λ) a nd t he ma x i mu m rate of stomata l ope n i ng and the synthesis of different hormones by different organs. responding to multiple individual stimuli. In this study, we have UNDER DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTAL (S ). Despite sig n i fica nt d i ffe rences i n t hei r stomata l mor pholog y, This complexity of mechanisms is overridden by evolutionary max investigated the mechanism of CO -induced stomatal closure and the studies species and cultivars are not different in theirk and constraints, summarised by simple rules operating over weeks, vs 2 CONDITIONS compared it with two other well-studied closure pathways - to S , i nd icat i ng con se r ved SD i n h ig h wate r- con su m i ng c uc u rbit minutes for stomatal control. (i) Stomatal closure, or intrinsically max t he st ress hor mone A BA a nd to t he m ic robia l st ress pept ide flg22 . crops. Interestingly, positive correlation was found between λ and low stomatal conductance, is favourable whenever saving water is THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:00 We have u sed ga s e xc ha nge, d i rec t ape r t u re mea su rement s a nd stomatal length. Using the cultivar “Aramon” of Cucumis sativus, u sef u l to complete t he pla nt c yc le w it h su ffic ie nt ava i lable soi l wate r i nt racel lu la r i mag i ng to e xa m i ne t he sig na l l i ng pat hways for CO , we further tested the ionic effects on the SD by applying seven resource. (ii) It is unfavourable whenever this risk is low, because 2 SILVERE VIALET-CHABRAND (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, a nd t hei r i nteg rat ion w it h t he flg22 a nd A BA pat hways. T h i s ha s different mixtures of 30 mM NaCl, NaNO , KCl and KNO after of photosynthesis reduction, and/or in case of heat stress because UNITED KINGDOM), MARTIN BATTLE (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, 3 3 allowed us to identify new components of the signalling pathways the developmental acclimation of the measured leaves. These transpiration prevents leaf heating. The relevance of these rules was UNITED KINGDOM), TRACY LAWSON (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, that lead to CO -induced stomatal closure. More surprisingly, we treatments allowed obtaining healthy leaves without differences de mon st rated , fi rst ly, v ia t he a na lysi s/model l i ng of t he be hav iou r 2 UNITED KINGDOM) have discovered that alternate CO signalling pathways are used i n t hei r stomata l mor pholog y but sig n i fica nt ly d ive rse cat ion a nd of plants with contrasting abilities to synthesize abscisic acid and, 2 depending on the plant growth conditions. This has revealed an anion concentrations. High K+ concentrations in leaves retarded k second ly, v ia t he ge net ic a na lysi s of a mu lt i-site field e x pe r i me nt [email protected] extra layer of complexity to the mechanisms behind the integration (p < 0.0 01) w it hout a ffec t i ng t he ma x i ma l g , S and λ while the that revealed that a locus controlling ABA synthesis has positive s max of signals and the interplay with metabolic state. e ffec t s of Na + we re opposite, h ig h l ig ht i ng t he e ffec t s of cat ion s on or negat ive e ffec t s on y ield depend i ng on env i ron menta l scena r ios. Plant phenotyping, the quantitative description of plants’ stomatal dynamics. Hence, designing plants with optimum stomatal conductance is a anatomical, ontogenetical, physiological and biochemical probabi l i st ic e xe rc i se t hat i nvolves t he most l i kely env i ron menta l properties, is key to assess genetic diversity and identify targets scenarios in a given site, with current or future climates. Because it for genetic manipulation to improve plant performance and yield. is not feasible to analyse gas exchanges of hundreds of genotypes Intrinsic water use efficiency (Wi ), net CO2 assimilation rate for genetic analyses, we propose an indirect method for deriving the (A) divided by stomatal conductance to water vapor (gsw ) is an parameters of stomatal behaviour based on phenomic analyses of important physiological trait displaying complex diurnal kinetics transpiration and leaf area. This method, applied to a large dataset, t hat a re d i ffic u lt to mea su re w it h h ig h t h roug hput. Unde r dy na m ic provided genomic regions affecting stomatal conductance with environmental conditions, differences inA between plants can cond it iona l e ffec t s. Resu lt i ng genot y pic pa ra mete rs ca n be i n se r ted be due to differences in photosynthetic capacities, enzymatic in a model that predicts where and when a given stomatal behaviour activation (e.g. PSII, RuBisCO) and stomatal limitation of CO2 favours biomass and yield. d i ff u sion to t he sites of ca rbox ylat ion , a l l of wh ic h i n fluence W i .
Temporal responses of gsw are generally an order of magnitude slower than A and not only limit A but also have an impact on leaf transpiration and temperature, influencing plant yield and water budget. Although very precise, the scalability of leaf gas exchange
methods to estimate A and gsw i s l i m ited a nd i s becom i ng a major technical bottleneck for large scale genetic studies. In contrast, ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 250 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 251
ha s fluoresce nce capabi l it ies it i s possible to mon itor i nt racel lu la r i n t he va r iou s ge not y pes g row n u nde r t he d i ffe re nt cond it ion s. We P4.6 CUTTING EDGE SCIENCE: sig na l l i ng dy na m ics du r i ng ape r t u re c ha nges by u si ng fluorescent will present the results of comparisons among genotypes and growth P4.10 MANIPULATION OF STOMATAL INVESTIGATING CELL WALL STRUCTURE indicators. We have shown that in response to fundamental stimuli, conditions, aimed at establishing possible correlations between DENSITY IN CEREALS: CURRENT there are quantifiable differences in stomatal apertures in different genetically determined SA and physiological performance under IN GRASS STOMATA USING LASER leaf regions. In addition to this we have used the arabidopsis supraoptimal temperatures. UNDERSTANDING AND FUTURE MICRODISSECTION calciu m repor ter line R-Geco mTu rquoise to show d i fferences in OPPORTUNITIES calcium dynamics of individual stomata on a whole leaf scale as THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:17 well as stimulus specific differences in patterns of calcium signal THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:25 propagation across a leaf. By using a combination of fluorescence P4.9 STOMATAL DEVELOPMENT IS SHAUNI MCGREGOR (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED imaging and stomatal aperture measurements it is possible to further TIGHTLY CONNECTED WITH SYNTHESIS EMILY L HARRISON (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM), JULIE GRAY (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED our understanding of how stomata vary in their responses to stimuli OF THE EPICUTICULAR WAXES IN MODEL KINGDOM), ROBERT CAINE (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, KINGDOM), ANDREW FLEMING (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, and how these signals are propagated throughout a leaf. UNITED KINGDOM), CHRISTOPHER HEPWORTH (UNIVERSITY OF UNITED KINGDOM) PLANT ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM), JULIE GRAY (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM) [email protected] THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:23 P4.8 PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE [email protected] Pla nt s cont rol t hei r rate of ga s e xc ha nge a nd wate r loss to best su it t he UNDER SUPRA-OPTIMAL TEMPERATURES MARIE HRONKOVÁ (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS, INSTITUTE OF PLANT current environment by changing the size of their stomatal pores. OF HYPOMORPHIC ARABIDOPSIS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, CZECH REPUBLIC), JITKA NEUWIRTHOVÁ As we enter a time of unprecedented climate change, there is an This is achieved by the guard cells, which reversibly change shape (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BOHEMIA IN CESKE BUDEJOVICE urgent need to develop water-use-efficient crops that are able in order to modulate the aperture of the stomatal pore. To facilitate MUTANTS ALTERED IN STOMATAL FACULTY OF SIENCE, CZECH REPUBLIC), DANA WIESNEROVÁ to withstand multiple abiotic stresses, including dwindling this shape change, the guard cell wall is repeatedly deformed ABUNDANCE (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS, INSTITUTE OF PLANT MOLECULAR water availability, increasingly extreme droughts and rising a nd mu st u nde rgo rec u r re nt st ress a nd st ra i n , wh ic h i s re flec ted BIOLOGY, CZECH REPUBLIC), MARIE ŠIMKOVÁ (BIOLOGY temperatures. Plants primarily regulate their water loss and in the specialised structure of the guard cell wall. Grass species, temperature via adjustments to specialised epidermal pores called THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:21 CENTRE CAS, INSTITUTE OF PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, which provide approximately half of the calories consumed by CZECH REPUBLIC), CHARLOTTE PETRUSCHKE (DEPARTMENT stomata, through changes in stomatal aperture or by altering how humans worldwide, have a characteristic stomatal structure and stomata develop on young leaves. The EPIDERMAL PATTERNING MONTAÑA MENA (FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES Y OF ECOPHYSIOLOGY, IZMB UNIVERSITY OF BONN, GERMANY), cell wall composition. However, how the characteristic cell wall FAC TOR ( E PF ) fa m i ly of sec reted pept ides a re i nvolved i n reg u lat i ng BIOQUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDAD DE CASTILLA-LA MANCHA, SPAIN), VIKTORIA ZEISLER- DIEHL (DEPARTMENT OF ECOPHYSIOLOGY, composit ion of t he g ra sses a ffec t s stomata l f u nc t ion i s c u r re nt ly stomata l developme nt; t h roug h ma n ipu lat ion of t hese ge nes, we MARÍA LUISA PÉREZ-BUENO (DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY IZMB UNIVERSITY OF BONN, GERMANY), LUKAS SCHREIBER unknown. My research shows that walls of grass stomata are high have already engineered several important crop species, including AND MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF PLANTS, EEZ-CSIC, (UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH BOHEMIA IN CESKE BUDEJOVICE i n t he polysacc ha r ide x yla n , a nd t hat d i ffe rent t y pes of x yla n s a re rice and barley, to have significantly fewer stomata. In this poster, SPAIN), JONATAN ILLESCAS (FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FACULTY OF SIENCE, GERMANY), JIŘÍ ŠANTRŮČEK (UNIVERSITY differentially distributed across grass stomatal complexes. I will we explore how this reduction in stomatal density has optimised AMBIENTALES Y BIOQUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDAD DE CASTILLA- OF SOUTH BOHEMIA IN CESKE BUDEJOVICE FACULTY OF SIENCE, repor t on e x pe r i ment s a i med at ident i f y i ng wh ic h x yla n sy nt hesi s t ra n spi rat ion a nd led to i mproved wate r-u se - e ffic ie nc y a nd d roug ht LA MANCHA, SPAIN), AMANDA MARTÍN-FORERO (FACULTAD DE CZECH REPUBLIC) genes are involved in generating these cell wall epitope patterns in tolerance in these key C staple crops, without deleterious effects CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES Y BIOQUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDAD DE 3 grass stomata and progress towards generating mutants in these on yield. We are now beginning to investigate the manipulation of CASTILLA-LA MANCHA, SPAIN), ALBERTO DE MARCOS (FACULTAD [email protected] ge nes to test t hei r f u nc t iona l sig n i fica nce. T h i s approac h e x ploit s EPF gene expression in the world’s most abundantly produced crop; DE CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES Y BIOQUÍMIC, UNIVERSIDAD DE laser microdissection, a technique that enables specific cell types Stomata, as epidermal pores, play a pivotal role in developmental C maize. Currently, it is unclear how altering stomatal density, and CASTILLA-LA MANCHA, SPAIN), CARMEN FENOLL (FACULTAD 4 to be isolated for downstream analysis, offering an innovative plasticity under different environmental conditions because they thus stomatal conductance, will impact on the carbon concentrating DE CIENCIAS AMBIENTALES Y BIOQUÍMICA, UNIVERSIDAD DE approach to screen for gene expression in grass stomata at a single ma rked ly ba la nce ga s e xc ha nge, ma i n ly t ra n spi rat ion . Moreove r, mechanism present in the C photosynthetic pathway. Here, the CASTILLA-LA MANCHA, SPAIN), MATILDE BARÓN (DEPARTMENT 4 cell level. the aerial parts of plants are covered by a layer of cuticle. This affects potential physiological consequences of this are discussed. OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR AND CELL BIOLOGY OF water use efficiency (WUE), which is crucial for plants especially PLANTS, EEZ-CSIC, SPAIN) under drought conditions. Stomatal development in the epidermis is strongly promoted by high light intensity. In parallel, the amount [email protected] P4.7 EXPLAINING VARIATION IN and compound structure of cuticular waxes seem to be tightly i nteg rated w it h stomata l developme nt by a comple x of sig na l l i ng STOMATAL APERTURES AT A WHOLE Pla nt s reg u late ga s e xc ha nge w it h t he at mosphe re t h roug h stomata, and communication links among the leaf tissue layers. Light also dynamic microscopic valves that develop in the otherwise gas- LEAF SCALE represent s a n i mpor ta nt e x te r na l fac tor promot i ng t he for mat ion impermeable aerial epidermis. Stomata number, size and distribution of epic ut ic u la r wa xes. Ba sed on ou r e x pe r i ment s w it h bot h stomata l dete r m i ne t he ma x i mu m potent ia l for ga s e xc ha nge, i n fluenc i ng THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:19 (StRNAi,epf1,2 and tmm: c ha nges i n stomata l de n sit y) a nd c ut ic u la r transpiration and photosynthesis – and thence plant survival (cut1/cer6 and att1: mod i fied wa xes a nd c ut i n a mou nt s) muta nt s and performance – under different environments. InArabidopsis , GLYNDWR S JONES (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED of Arabidopsis thaliana, we can conclude that changes in stomatal stomatal abundance (SA) is a complex character established KINGDOM), DEIRDRE M MCLACHLAN (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, density relate to the amount and compound structure of epicuticular during leaf growth by a network of key regulatory genes of this UNITED KINGDOM), COLIN BROWNLEE (MARINE BIOLOGICAL wa xes by a so fa r u n k now n mec ha n i sm t hat i s l i kely side spec i fic. T he developme nta l process, t he outcome of t hese net work s i n flue nced ASSOCIATION, UNITED KINGDOM), ALISTAIR M HETHERINGTON development of stomatal density is, however, more likely influenced by gene activity and environmental growth conditions. In this work, (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM) by t he a mou nt a nd compou nd st r uc t u re of epic ut ic u la r wa xes t ha n we e xa m i ne t he be hav iou r, u nde r d i ffe re nt g row t h te mpe rat u res, by the amount of cutin. This may represent a way by which plants of a set of viable mutants carrying hypomorphic alleles for some of [email protected] optimise their WUE. these genes, which display distinct SA phenotypes. We assessed their physiological performance through non-invasive imaging Stomata are pores on the surface of leaves which open and close in techniques at optimal (22°C) and supra-optimal (30°C) growth response to environmental stimuli. Stomatal apertures vary across temperatures, as well as their capacity for adaptation when shifted the surface of the plant leaf and this heterogeneity is described as f rom 22°C to 30 °C . We eva luated t he photosy nt het ic ac t iv it y i n te r m s stomatal patchiness. This phenomenon has been difficult to study of PSII functionality, and the stress severity by the capacity for as it is hard to measure the changes in apertures of stomata in photoprotection (non-photochemical quenching). We also measured d i ffe re nt reg ion s conc u r re nt ly. Howeve r, a novel developme nt i n the surface temperature to estimate differences in transpiration. optical imaging (www.strathclydemesolab.com) has now made this In parallel, we recorded morphological traits such as stomatal possible. T he Mesole n s a l lows ve r y w ide field i mages to be capt u red density, stomatal size and leaf thickness, and examined the impact at low mag n i ficat ion , but w it h e xcept iona l ly h ig h resolut ion . Post- of temperature regimes on plant growth by measuring leaf numbers, capture it is then possible to “zoom in” on different areas of the projec ted roset te a rea, d r y weig ht a nd Fe ret ’s d ia mete r of t he roset te leaf and measure the apertures of stomata. As the Mesolens also ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 252 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 253
of both wild-type and SC-less bdmute plants to identify novel P4.11 WATER USE EFFICIENCY P4.12 ENGINEERING STOMATA TO factors regulating SC development and SC function, respectively. P4.15 LEAF STRUCTURAL, ANATOMICAL SORGHUM TECHNOLOGIES: INCREASING REDUCE CROP WATER USE D i scove r i ng ge nes requ i red for SC f u nc t ion w i l l help u nde rsta nd how AND BIOCHEMICAL DETERMINANTS OF SCs ac t ua l ly i mprove stomata l ga s e xc ha nge dy na m ics i n g ra sses. STOMATAL RESISTANCE TO WATER LOSS Understanding how SCs are formed and enable grasses to breathe MESOPHYLL CO2 CONDUCTANCE IN C4 THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:30 IN SORGHUM more e ffic ie nt ly m ig ht a l low e ng i nee r i ng of stomata l prope r t ies GRASSES in many different crops to improve water use efficiency and JULIE GRAY (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM), THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:00 plant performance. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:55 PAUL QUICK (INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, PHILIPPINES), ROBERT CAINE (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, JOHN FERGUSON (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA- ASAPH COUSINS (WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY, UNITED UNITED KINGDOM), JIA XIN (INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH CHAMPAIGN, UNITED STATES), NATHAN MILLER (UNIVERSITY STATES), VARSHA S PATHARE (WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY, INSTITUTE, PHILIPPINES), LEE HUNT (UNIVERSITY OF OF WISCONSIN-MADISON, UNITED STATES), SHIRLEY SATO IDENTIFICATION AND UNITED STATES), NURIA KOTEYEVA (KOMAROV BOTANICAL SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM), EMILY HARRISON (UNIVERSITY P4.14 (UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA-LINCOLN, UNITED STATES), PETER INSTITUTE OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, RUSSIA) OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM), JENNIFER SLOAN FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION SCHMUCKER (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN, (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM) OF GENES IN THE GUARD CELL CO2 [email protected] UNITED STATES), ANNA DMITIEVA (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS SIGNALING PATHWAY IN MAIZE AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN, UNITED STATES), CHARLES PIGNON [email protected] (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN, UNITED Mesophyll conductance (gm ) describes the movement of CO2 from substomatal cavities to the site of carboxylation in mesophyll STATES), TIM WERTIN (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA- Stomata are pores that open to allow carbon dioxide to enter THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:40 cel l. T h i s i s a n i mpor ta nt t ra it t hat cou ld be mod i fied to e n ha nce CHAMPAIGN, UNITED STATES), KEVIN XIE (UNIVERSITY OF and close to reduce water loss. Understanding the signalling photosynthetic rates (A ) a nd i nt r i n sic t ra n spi rat ion e ffic ie nc y ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN, UNITED STATES), DUSTIN components controlling stomatal development has allowed us to ANTHONY J STUDER (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, UNITED net (TE ). However, little is known about what leaf traits influenceg in MAYFIELD-JONES (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA- study the physiological effects of altering stomatal conductance. STATES), ROBERT J TWOHEY III (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, i m C species. Therefore, we evaluated the structural, anatomical and CHAMPAIGN, UNITED STATES), DYLAN ALLEN (UNIVERSITY OF By manipulating the level of peptide signals we have produced UNITED STATES) 4 biochemical traits that could explain g -variability in 18 C grasses. ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN, UNITED STATES), MICHAEL model and crop species with a wide range of stomatal densities. We m 4 There was a four-fold variation in g among the C grasses that GORE (CORNELL UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), EDWARD have c reated ce rea l pla nt s ove re x pressi ng epide r ma l pat te r n i ng [email protected] m 4 positively related to A a nd T E but not stomatal conductance (g ). BUCKLER (CORNELL UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), PATRICK factors which suppress stomatal development, and gene edited net i s The balance of CO uptake for photosynthesis and transpirational The lack of correlation between g and g suggests that enhancing J BROWN (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN, plants to knockout an antagonising peptide factor which normally 2 m s water loss is a dynamic process that is controlled by guard cells. Guard g can improve A a nd T E without an increase in g and water loss. UNITED STATES), TOM CLEMENTE (UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN- promotes stomatal development. Under controlled environment m net i s cell aperture changes in response to a variety of environmental Leaf traits such as leaf thickness (Thick ), stomatal ratio (SR), MADISON, UNITED STATES), EDGAR SPALDING (UNIVERSITY OF conditions, our crops with reduced stomatal density have lower leaf factors such as atmospheric CO levels, humidity, light, and adaxial stomatal densities (SD ) and mesophyll surface area WISCONSIN-MADISON, UNITED STATES), ANDREW D.B. LEAKEY levels of transpiration, require less water to grow and yet maintain 2 ada temperature. The CO signaling pathway has been previously e x posed to i nte rcel lu la r a i r spaces (S ) all had positive relationships (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN, seed yields. They also have enhanced drought tolerance and 2 mes described in Arabidopsis, although there is evidence that the monocot between g . T h is suggest s t hat g reate r SR a nd SD reduced the UNITED STATES) i mproved water use efficiency. For exa mple, r ice seed li ngs w it h m ada pathway is not functionally identical to the pathway found in dicot e ffec t ive CO diffusion pathlength and increases in S provided approx i mately ha l f t he u sua l nu mbe r of stomata u se on ly 6 0 % of 2 mes species. Our work uses physiological analysis of genetic mutants more parallel pathways for CO diffusion into the mesophyll cells [email protected] the normal amount of water and are better able to survive drought, 2 to dissect the pathway in maize. Due to a relatively recent whole- thereby increasing g . There was also a positive relationship of g eve n at h ig h te mpe rat u re (4 0 °C). m m Wate r u se e ffic ienc y ( W U E ) i s a key ta rget t ra it for c rop i mprovement genome duplication, many paralogous gene copies exist, which with carbonic anhydrase activities (kCA ) and leaf N content (Narea ), since water availability is the primary limitation to crop yield complicates the functional characterization and requires double suggesting some biochemical influence ong m . Taken together, our globally. WUE is defined as the ratio of carbon fixed through and triple mutants. Leaf level gas exchange measurements were used resu lt s suggest t hat SR , SD ada , Smes and kCA are the potential traits that photosy nt hesi s to wate r lost v ia t ra n spi rat ion . T h i s e xc ha nge i s to look at the physiological response of the mutants to environmental cou ld be mod i fied for e n ha nc i ng g m a nd T E i in C4 grasses. (Supported modulated by the morphology and patterning of stomatal complexes. P4.13 DEVELOPMENTAL INNOVATIONS stimuli, and leaf imaging was employed to assay possible changes by U. S. Depa r t me nt of E ne rg y, G ra nt #DE-SC0 0 016 85.) Modelling suggests that reducing stomatal density in C4 crops such OF STOMATAL FORM AND FUNCTION in stomatal patterning. Unlike in Arabidopsis, none of the signaling as Sorghum could in turn reduce stomatal conductance, thereby IN GRASSES mutants showed a change in stomatal patterning. Also, our data i mprov i ng W U E . To t h i s e nd , we a re e mploy i ng t wo approac hes suggest that the signaling pathway may be non-linear. Finally, some to improve the W UE of Sorghum. Firstly, we are transgenically of t he muta nt s a ffec ted not on ly g ua rd cel l sig na l i ng but a l so net THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 14:10 P4.16 DISSECTING THE COORDINATION manipulating stomatal density by altering the expression of photosynthesis, indicating a possible dual function. Understanding OF LEGUME STOMATAL AND ROOT key genes involved in stomatal development. Secondly, we are the guard cell CO sig na l i ng pat hway i s one ave nue to e x plore t he MICHAEL T RAISSIG (HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), 2 sc reen i ng t he nat u ra l d ive rsit y of t ropica l accession s for W U E a nd relationship between photosynthesis and transpiration. Other DEVELOPMENT TO ENHANCE CROP WATER TIAGO DG NUNES (HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), DAN stomatal-related traits. Through our transgenic approach, we have lines of research that relate to the optimization of transpiration for USE EFFICIENCY ZHANG (HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, GERMANY), HEIKE LINDNER substantially increased the drought resistance of Sorghum and i nc rea se wate r-u se e ffic ie nc y w i l l a l so be d i sc u ssed. (HEIDELBERG UNIVERSITY, GERMANY) i nc rea sed W U E by >20 %. T hese t ra n sge n ic l i nes have bee n f u r t he r THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:25 tested i n field cond it ion s u nde r a novel ra i nout shelte r i n 2018. O u r [email protected] a ssessment of t he nat u ra l d ive rsit y ha s fac i l itated t he ident i ficat ion CASPAR CC CHATER (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED of candidate genes through association mapping and illuminated Plants optimize carbon assimilation while limiting water loss by KINGDOM), OSWALDO VALDÉS-LÓPEZ (FES IZTACALA UNAM, t he sig n i fica nce of stomata l de n sit y for reg u lat i ng W U E . adju st i ng stomata l ape r t u re. I n g ra sses, a developme nta l i n novat ion MEXICO), ROSA BRIANDA DE LA SANCHA PÉREZ (IBT UNAM, – the addition of subsidiary cells (SCs) flanking two dumbbell- MEXICO), CORAL MARTINEZ MARTINEZ (IBT UNAM, MEXICO), shaped g ua rd cel ls (GCs) – i s supposed ly l i n ked to t he g ra ss fa m i ly ’s ALEJANDRA COVARRUBIAS ROBLES (IBT UNAM, MEXICO), JULIE improved stomatal gas exchange efficiency. A mutant screen in the GRAY (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM) wheat relative and model grass Brachypodium distachyon identified a t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tor necessa r y a nd su ffic ie nt for SC for mat ion . [email protected] Une x pec ted ly, t he t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tor i s a n or t holog of t he stomata l Legume crops are generally sensitive to water deficit and regulator AtMUTE, which defines GC precursor fate inArabidopsis . d rought stress. Water use efficiency ( W UE), the ratio of carbon The novel role of BdMUTE in specifying lateral SCs appears linked to uptake to water loss through stomata, is a useful breeding its acquisition of cell-to-cell mobility in Brachypodium . Physiological target to improve crop drought responses and yield. Lowering analyses on bdmute mutant plants lacking SCs experimentally stomatal conductance (g ), through reducing stomatal density support classic hypotheses that SCs permit greater stomatal s (SD) improves WUE, and legume crops may benefit from this respon sive ness to e n ha nce wate r u se e ffic ie nc y a nd la rge r ra nge of without a corresponding photosynthetic penalty. Rhizobial pore apertures to increase photosynthetic capacity. Recently, we n it rogen ( N ) fi xat ion en ha nces leg u me lea f N content, enabl i ng profiled the transcriptome of developing and mature leaf regions ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 254 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 255
photosynthesis at lower gs , and thus mitigating leaf water loss. charged biomolecules with high spatiotemporal resolution. This and the rate of carbon fixation can be limited by the internal
By reducing SD i n leg u me c rops we may t he refore en ha nce W U E , P4.18 THE EFFECT OF ELEVATED device has been applied in mammalian systems for therapy, mainly. concentration of CO2 . Stomata reg u late ga seou s e xc ha nge bet ween N u se e ffic ie nc y ( N U E ), a nd y ield s u nde r wate r de fic it a nd replete CARBON DIOXIDE ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS Here, we report for the first time the use of OEIP for electronic control the leaf interior and the external air surrounding the leaf, thereby, conditions. High WUE legumes could therefore play a central of ABA delivery in order to regulate the stomata closure in intact controlling CO2 uptake for photosynthesis, and simultaneously water role in the sustainable intensification of global agriculture under IN MATURE OAK WOODLANDS plants. For the delivery of the phyto-hormone ABA, we used a new loss and evaporative cooling through transpiration. Both stomatal climate change, requiring fewer water and fertiliser inputs. generation of the ion pump that is based on glass capillary tubes and conductance (gs ) and photosynthesis (A) respond to changes in Low SD can be obtained by inhibiting stomatal development, but THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:55 ha s a n ove ra l l d ia mete r of 6 0 µ m . T he sma l l d ia mete r of t he pu mp environmental conditions and a close correlation between A and this can also change rhizosphere development and root water allows easy insertion in leaves of intact plants through the epidermis gs is often reported. However, the mechanism(s) that co-ordinate dynamics. As rhizobial symbiosis is central to legume NUE and ANNA M GARDNER (UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM, into the internal area of the leaf. We demonstrated that the stomata stomatal behaviour with A are not clear. Guard cells contain UNITED KINGDOM) WUE, an understanding of the coordination between SD, gs , and close after ABA delivery with the organic electronic ion pump and the functional chloroplasts and we have examined the role of these root traits including nodulation, is essential if we are to develop stomata near to the ion pump close faster than the ones further away. guard cell chloroplast in stomatal function and in particular its role novel legume crops for sustainable agriculture. Here we explore [email protected] I n add it ion , we d id not obse r ve a ny sig n i fica nt wou nd e ffec t nea rby in the coordination between stomatal behaviour and mesophyll these relationships and their implications for breeding high WUE the insertion of the pump suggesting that our method is noninvasive. photosynthesis. In order to do this, we have produced transgenic A nt h ropogen ic ca rbon d iox ide (CO ) is the main greenhouse gas ‘Climate-Ready’ legumes for future food security. 2 O u r tec h nolog y offe rs a new tool for st udy i ng A BA sig na l i ng i n pla nt s tobacco (Nicotianatabacum) plants with altered expression levels driving change in the Earth’s climate. Rising CO is expected 2 with implications in plant responses to environmental changes. of the Calvin cycle enzyme Sedoheptulose-1,7, bis-phosphatase to stimulate photosynthesis, but limited studies have been (SBPase) and the electron transport protein, Rieske FeS specifically conducted on mature forests. It is uncertain how mature temperate in guard cells. The impact of these manipulations on photosynthesis forest ecosystems may respond to the future CO emissions and 2 and stomatal behaviour is discussed. P4.17 DYNAMIC CHANGES IN ABA what interacting environmental factors may influence this. CONTENT IN WATER-STRESSED POPULUS This experiment has been conducted at the Birmingham P4.20 A LACK OF ABA BIOSYNTHETIC NIGRA: EFFECTS ON CARBON FIXATION, Institute of Forest Research Free Air Carbon Enrichment OR SIGNALLING MACHINERY LEADS TO SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATES AND Experiment (BIFoR-FACE). BIFoR-FACE is set in a mature SLOWED STOMATAL MOVEMENTS oak (Quercus robur L.) woodland and provides additional P4.22 IS CARBON ISOTOPE HYDRAULIC RECOVERY CO to 30m diameter experimental plots. This simulates the DISCRIMINATION A RELIABLE 2 THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:59 future atmospheric conditions in 50 years’ time (+150ppm). TRAIT TO SUPPORT CHICKPEA THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:40 Ga s e xc ha nge mea su re me nt s have bee n conduc ted i n t he second ASHLEY J PRIDGEON (UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, UNITED CROP IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS? year of CO fumigation (2018) in the upper canopy of oak trees 2 KINGDOM), ALISTAIR M HETHERINGTON (UNIVERSITY OF CECILIA BRUNETTI (NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL TREES AND from bud burst (June) to leaf fall (October). This study used a BRISTOL, UNITED KINGDOM) THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 16:03 TIMBER INSTITUTE, ITALY), ANTONELLA GORI (UNIVERSITY paired plot design (n=3) using elevated CO2 plots (eCO2 )(550ppm) and ambient control plots (aCO )(400ppm). Measurements OF FLORENCE DAGRI, ITALY), TADEJA SAVI (UNIVERSITY 2 [email protected] OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND LIFE SCIENCES, DIVISION OF of carbon assimilation and water exchange between the MILLICENT R SMITH (ICRISAT, INDIA), RUTWIK BARMUKH VITICULTURE AND POMOLOGY DEPARTMENT, AUSTRIA), ANDREA oak leaves and the atmosphere have been used to calculate (ICRISAT, INDIA), MANISH ROORKIWAL (ICRISAT, INDIA), Absc i sic ac id (A BA) i s a hor mone t hat ha s bee n e x te n sively st ud ied NARDINI (UNIVERSITY OF TRIESTE DEPARTMENT OF LIFE photosy nt hesi s, stomata l conduc ta nce a nd wate r u se e ffic iency. JANA KHOLOVA (ICRISAT, INDIA), ALICE KUJUR (ICRISAT, espec ia l ly i n t he conte x t of t he pla nt d roug ht respon se. It i s k now n to SCIENCE, ITALY), FRANCESCO LORETO (NATIONAL RESEARCH T he fi rst sea son resu lt s have seen a n i nc rea se i n ca rbon a ssi m i lat ion , INDIA), ERIN L LOCKHART (UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, a ffec t va r iou s a spec t s of pla nt physiolog y, i nc lud i ng t he promot ion COUNCIL DISBA, ITALY), MAURO CENTRITTO (NATIONAL in the eCO plots, in addition to a decrease of stomatal conductance AUSTRALIA), JAMES MALONEY (UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, 2 of stomatal closure and the inhibition of stomatal opening. However, RESEARCH COUNCIL, TREES AND TIMBER INSTITUTE, ITALY) a nd ove ra l l i nc rea se i n wate r u se e ffic ienc y. T he e ffec t of eCO has AUSTRALIA), MARGARET M BARBOUR (UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY, 2 the function of ABA and its associated biosynthesis and signalling been i n fluenced by sea son a nd d iu r na l fluc t uat ion s i n env i ron menta l AUSTRALIA), RAJEEV K VARSHNEY (ICRISAT, INDIA) mac h i ne r y i sn’t st r ic t ly l i m ited to t he d roug ht respon se. Resea rc h [email protected] variables. These data will help understand the physiological is pointing towards ABA playing a more general role in modulating responses, at the leaf level, and resilience of mature temperate forest [email protected] plant responses to a variety of signals. One of the fundamental Drought compromises plants ability to replace transpired water ecosystems to climate change. signals that stomata respond to is light (quality and quantity). When A key goal for chickpea improvement at ICRISAT is to increase water vapour with water absorbed from the soil. Hydraulic and chemical exposed to white light stomata open, and when the light is reduced use efficiency ( W U E). T he use of ca rbon isotope d iscr i m i nat ion signals operate in tandem to regulate systemic plant responses or taken away stomata close. Here we investigate ABA’s role in (δ13C) a s a prox y for t ra n spi rat ion e ffic ie nc y ( T E ) ha s bee n tested to d rought to avoid ex tensive x ylem dysf u nct ion. The hor mone modulating stomatal responses to light. Using ABA biosynthesis and widely in attempts to investigate plant water use. However, δ13C absc i sic ac id (A BA) plays a major role i n reg u lat i ng stomata l c losu re P4.19 ORGANIC ELECTRONIC ION PUMP signalling mutants we show a lack of ABA production or perception estimated from chickpea has not related well to TE in previous and acts as a root-to-shoot signal under water deficit.Populus nigra FOR ANIONIC HORMONE DELIVERY IN leads to a deceleration of stomatal movement in response to changing studies. We explore the influence of leaf acids and extraction seedlings were used as model systems to investigate how hormonal levels of light. techniques on δ13C and apply this new method for δ13C collection and hydraulic signals contribute to optimize stomatal (g ), mesophyll INTACT PLANTS s to a fine mapping population, varying for traits related to TE. (g ) and leaf hydraulic (K ) conductance under well-watered (WW) m leaf Methods testing demonstrated that the removal of leaf acids prior and water-stressed conditions (WS); a possible role for ABA in THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 15:57 to analysis of the leaf soluble carbohydrate pool led to a closer mobilizing non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) within the leaf and cor relat ion w it h i nt r i n sic W U E (A /g ). To test this method on a larger stem; and a possible relationship between NSC and xylem hydraulic MIRIAM HUERTA (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), IWONA P4.21 THE ROLE OF GUARD CELL s sca le, we u sed t he robu st g rav i met r ic met hod to est i mate T E (d r y function upon drought and re-watering. Our results demonstrate BERNACKA-WOJCIK (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), TOBIAS CHLOROPLASTS IN STOMATAL mat te r produced pe r u n it of wate r t ra n spi red) u si ng a fi ne mappi ng that ABA regulates the photosynthetic machinery on a daily basis ABRAHAMSSON (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), ROGER BEHAVIOUR AND CO-ORDINATION population phenotyped in lysimeters and the LeasyScan platform i n bot h W W a nd WS cond it ion s to opt i m i ze wate r u se e ffic ie nc y GABRIELSSON (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), MAGNUS WITH MESOPHYLL PHOTOSYNTHESIS while simultaneously sampling δ13C to a ssess T E at t he lea f level. (WUE). In addition, a possible relationship between ABA and NSC BERGGREN (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), DANIEL SIMON Alongside δ13C a nd T E ,water use over t he season, ca nopy t ra its, in the leaves and stem are reported, suggesting potential roles of this (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN), ELENI STAVRINIDOU root traits and agronomic traits were measured. We found that a hormone in carbohydrate metabolism. We also hypothesize that the (LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY, SWEDEN) THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 16:01 significant proportion of variation for agronomic performance was mobilization of stem carbohydrates might promote the restoration explained by crop vigour and TE related parameters. Analysis is of xylem transport capacity. [email protected] AMNAH M ALAMRI (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM), ULI BECHTOLD (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM), continuing to investigate QTLs underlying measured traits and narrow down the candidate genes functionally associated with Plants are the main source of food, oxygen, renewable energy, TRACY LAWSON (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM) W U E . T h i s resea rc h w i l l a ssi st t he c rop i mprove me nt prog ra m to materials, and regulators of the ecosystem. Stomata consist of a design chickpea well-suited to target environments prone to water pair of guard cells that form microscopic pores in the leaves, which [email protected] stress eventually translating to food security and better incomes main role is the active gasses exchange and water evaporation A n e x pa nd i ng g loba l popu lat ion a nd a c ha ng i ng c l i mate a re major for chickpea farming communities. enabling photosynthesis and transpiration. Abscisic acid, ABA, fac tors i n flue nc i ng c rop y ield s, i nc rea si ng pressu re to fi nd solut ion s to plays an essential role in the signaling mechanism that triggers en su re su ffic ient food a nd f uel produc t ion for f ut u re gene rat ion s. T he the stomata closure. The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) is biomass of a crop depends on the cumulative rate of photosynthesis an electrophoretic device that allows precise delivery of ions and ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 256 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 257
I present a method of imaging stomata using confocal microscopy, stomatal conductance with crop growth and development P4.23 IMAGING THE MESOPHYLL IN creating 3D reconstructions of the guard cells using open-source dynamics in a manner that addresses the feedforward-feedback P4.28 ACCLIMATION TO DYNAMIC 3D TO ELUCIDATE THE STRUCTURE/ LithographX software. These reconstructions provide quantitative effects across the scales of biological organisation. The model links LIGHT INFLUENCES THE RAPIDITY FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS IN LEAVES data on the guard cell volume and surface area changes that occur photosynthesis and stomatal conductance via an equilibrium AND DIURNAL RESPONSE OF STOMATAL during stomatal opening/closure, as well as information on the Ci /Ca ratio, a property consistent with stomatal optimisation theory. OF WHEAT AND ITS WILD RELATIVES shape changes that underpin these data. I will report on on-going Under water non-limiting conditions, photosynthesis is the driver CONDUCTANCE IN POPULUS NIGRA e x pe r i me nt s f rom bot h w i ld-t y pe a nd muta nt pla nt s wh ic h d i splay of leaf gas exchange, while conductance dominates under water- THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 16:05 a lte red stomata l f u nc t ion , w it h t he a i m of d i scove r i ng t he e x tent limited conditions. The state of water limitation is determined by THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION to which cell shape (rather than cell wall material properties) the crop system water supply-demand balance, which interacts with MATTHEW WILSON (THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED modulates stomatal function. These data will feed into stomatal the prevailing environment. The cross-scale model was validated JACK SA MATTHEWS (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM), KINGDOM), MARJORIE LUNDGREN (THE UNIVERSITY OF mechanical models, providing a deeper insight into the interaction using data on crop biomass and yield for wheat and sorghum from SILVERE RM VIALET-CHABRAND (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM), ANDREW MATHERS (THE of cell shape and function. d ive rse field e x pe r i ment s. Con sequences for y ield we re si mu lated for UNITED KINGDOM), TRACY LAWSON (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX,
UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), CRAIG major photosynthetic enhancement targets related to leaf CO2 and UNITED KINGDOM) STURROCK (THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED l ig ht ene rg y capt u re e ffic ienc ies a nd t hei r combi nat ion s. P red ic ted KINGDOM), SACHA MOONEY (THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, impacts ranged markedly and were dependent on the photosynthetic [email protected] UNITED KINGDOM), COLIN OSBORNE (THE UNIVERSITY OF P4.25 WATER USE EFFICIENCY enhancement, crop type, and environment, especially the SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM), ANDREW FLEMING (THE ACROSS SCALES degree of water limitation. The importance of interdependencies Plant acclimation to growth light has been studied extensively, UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM) operating across scales of biological organisation was highlighted yet little is known about the effect of dynamic fluctuations in as was the need to enhance understanding and modelling of the light on stomatal behaviour and acclimatory responses. To assess [email protected] THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 16:40 photosynthesis-stomatal conductance link to better quantify the impact of growth light regime on stomatal acclimation, we impacts of enhancing photosynthesis. grew Populus nigra (black poplar) under different intensities of Stomatal characteristics and the internal arrangement of mesophyll BELINDA E MEDLYN (HAWKESBURY INSTITUTE FOR THE dy na m ic light at t he Un iversity of Essex. As pa r t of t he work we cells within leaves have a direct impact upon photosynthesis and ENVIRONMENT, WESTERN SYDNEY UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) characterized changes in stomatal development and responses water use efficiency (WUE). My research has revealed that there under a ‘real’ light environment, and investigated the impact on is a relationship between stomatal patterning, stomatal size and [email protected] P4.27 PREDICTIVE MODELLING photosynthesis and water use efficiency. We demonstrate that stomatal conductance in Triticum spec ies. He xaploid wheat (Triticum acclimation of stomatal conductance (g ) i s i n fluenced by g row t h Water use efficiency (WUE), plant uptake of carbon per unit water OF STOMATA ACROSS SCALES FROM s aestivum) has fewer, larger stomata than those found on the leaves l ig ht i nte n sit y, mod i f y i ng stomata l k i net ics at d i ffe re nt t i mes of lost, can be expressed on a wide range of temporal and spatial of its wild relatives (T. baeoticum, T. urartu = 2n; T. araraticum, T. MOLECULE TO THE FIELD t he day ; resu lt i ng i n a lte rat ion s i n t he rapid it y a nd mag n it ude of scales – from the leaf to the ecosystem, from seconds to years. A dicoccoides = 4 n). D iploid l i nes have t he h ig hest f requenc y of sma l l the g response over the diurnal period. Further quantified is the w ide ra nge of tec h n iques ca n be u sed to mea su re W U E , i nc lud i ng s stomata, whilst tetraploid lines have intermediate stomatal size THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:25 response of g to different step changes in light intensity; with lea f gas e xcha nge, stable isotopes, eddy cova r ia nce, a nd whole- s and density. These differences in stomatal size and density are plants grown under low light exhibiting faster g responses when plant measurements, all of which yield results on different scales. s mirrored by stomatal conductance. Diploid lines have a higher MICHAEL BLATT (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM), subjec ted to a step c ha nge at low l ig ht level s, wh i l st t he reve rse i s How comparable should we expect these results to be – and how stomatal conductance than their hexaploid counterparts, with MAREIKE JEZEK (UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM) true at high light steps. This represents an interesting strategy, comparable are they? In this talk I will discuss several recent studies tetraploid lines having middling conductance rates. Furthermore, where plants acclimate by increasing g faster to light levels that i n wh ic h we have at te mpted to compa re wate r u se e ffic ie nc y, a nd it s s u si ng X-ray µC T to i nvest igate i nte r na l lea f st r uc t u re suggest s t hat [email protected] they experience more often during growth and development, either responses to environmental change, across different scales. I will there is a positive correlation between the level of intercellular a s a way of ma x i m i z i ng ca rbon upta ke or for t he con se r vat ion of h ig h l ig ht a rea s of d i sag ree me nt a mong t he d i ffe re nt mea su res a nd airspace in the leaf (mesophyll porosity - % airspace/volume) and Stomatal movements depend on the transport and metabolism of energy by limiting unnecessary stomatal movement. From discuss research directions needed to resolve these discrepancies. stomatal conductance. Additionally, I have successfully developed osmotic solutes that drive water flux, reversible changes in guard these findings, we conclude that acclimation ofg s to growth light a method via which the wheat mesophyll can be reconstructed in cell volume and turgor. Much detail is known of the molecular could be an important strategy for maintaining carbon fixation, 3D to cel lu la r resolut ion usi ng con foca l i mag i ng a nd processi ng mec ha n ics of t hese processes, su ffic ient to model g ua rd cel ls w it h overall plant water status, and water use efficiency under dynamic using LithographX software. Using this technique I have been able true predictive power. By contrast, models at the whole-plant and light conditions. to investigate whether stomatal size/density changes observed P4.26 QUANTIFYING IMPACTS OF ca nopy level s de fi ne stomata w it h a si mple set of l i nea r e mpi r ica l during domestication are paralleled by alterations in mesophyll MANIPULATING PHOTOSYNTHESIS relations, disconnected from their underlying mechanics. These cell size and shape. AND STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE ON models cannot inform on the underlying molecular characteristics of the guard cells that give rise to stomatal conductance (g ) and CROP YIELD IN VARIABLE RAINFALL s P4.29 NITROGEN ASSIMILATION t he refore ca n not g u ide e ffor t s to ‘reve rse e ng i nee r ’ stomata l t ra it s AND ABIOTIC STRESS TOLERANCE ENVIRONMENTS in the field. To address this challenge, we recently introduced the P4.24 3D IMAGING OF GUARD CELLS OnGuard2 modelling platform. This platform utilizes the molecular THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 17:10 mechanics of ion transport, metabolism and signalling of the guard WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION cel l to de fi ne t ra n spi rat ion i n t he whole pla nt . O nGua rd 2 faithfully THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 16:07 JOANNA LANDYMORE (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED ALEX WU (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), reproduces gs kinetics in Arabidopsis, its dependence on VPD and on GRAEME L HAMMER (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, water feed to the leaf and has yielded predictions, several of which KINGDOM), JULIE E GRAY (UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, ELLIE HEALICON (THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED AUSTRALIA), AL DOHERTY (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, we have since verified experimentally. Further developments are UNITED KINGDOM), ANGELA HODGE (UNIVERSITY OF YORK, KINGDOM), JULIE GRAY (THE UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM) AUSTRALIA), SUSANNE VON CAEMMERER (AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL underway to introduce CO2 a nd photosy nt het ic ca rbon fi xat ion UNITED KINGDOM), ANDREW FLEMING (THE UNIVERSITY OF UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), GRAHAM D FARQUHAR (AUSTRALIAN within this framework will bridge the gap between microscale [email protected] SHEFFIELD, UNITED KINGDOM) NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA) models of the guard cell and macroscale models of whole-plant transpiration and carbon assimilation. The need to restrict crop irrigation and the use of nitrogenous [email protected] [email protected] fertilisers, coupled with global population growth and climate Stomata are critical for plant survival by regulating plant response to change, is increasing the strain on the food supply. We are studying Advances in crop productivity are likely to come from enhancing internal and environmental changes, such as drought, temperature the abiotic stress responses of Arabidopsis mutants to investigate the photosynthetic efficiency. However, yield consequences of and presence of pathogens. For stomata to function, the guard cells links between plant nitrogen status and stress signalling. Nitrogen photosy nt het ic ma n ipu lat ion a re con fou nded by comple x feedbac k u nde rgo e x t re me a nd repeated sh r i n k i ng a nd st retc h i ng a nd mu st is an essential plant nutrient taken up from the soil by the roots in the e ffec t s a r i si ng f rom i nte rac t ion s w it h c rop g row t h a nd developme nt withstand internal pressure changes more than that of which a deep- form of nitrate and/or ammonium. Plant nitrogen status and abiotic processes, and the prevailing environment. In dryland cropping sea d ive r wou ld e x pe r ience. Model l i ng i nd icates t hat cel l shape i s st ress respon ses a re i nt r i n sica l ly l i n ked ; whe n a pla nt e x pe r ie nces situations, water availability is particularly important as it impacts crucial for understanding how guard cells mechanically respond to salt or drought stress, a signalling pathway is initiated which results whole-plant growth through limiting stomatal conductance and such shifts in pressure, yet there has been limited characterisation in stomatal closure, reduced stomatal water loss and decreased photosynthesis. Here we present a novel cross-scale modelling of 3D g ua rd cel l shape c ha nge du r i ng open i ng /c losu re of stomata. nitrate uptake through the roots. This drop in nitrate uptake will capability that connects the interplay of leaf level photosynthesis– ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 258 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 259
a ffec t pla nt g row t h a s wel l a s t he abi l it y of t he pla nt to respond to stress signals. The most important enzyme in the process of plant P5 MECHANISMS AND MITIGATION nitrogen assimilation is nitrate reductase which is encoded by two Arabidopsis ge nes; NIA1 and NIA2. The nitrate reductase enzyme OF PLANT WATER DEFICIT: reduces nitrate to nitrite, and is also responsible for the reduction of n it r ite to n it r ic ox ide. Nit r ic ox ide i s a sig na l l i ng molec u le t hat ha s been shown to trigger many plant stress responses. We are using FROM THE BOTTOM UP mutant plants which lack NIA1 and NIA2 are therefore unable to produce nitrate reductase, to study the role of nitrogen status and n it r ic ox ide i n sa lt a nd d roug ht st ress respon ses. Unde rsta nd i ng suc h control mechanisms could help us to produce more stress tolerant or water use efficient plants.
ORGANISED BY: IAN DODD (UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER) P4.30 IMAGING WATER USE EFFICIENCY AND ANTONIO DIAZ-ESPEJO (CSIC SPAIN) UNDER DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION P5.1 ROOT HYDRAULICS: P5.2 PRIMARY ROOT GROWTH ARCHITECTURE & ANATOMY IN PEARL MILLET: GENETICS SILVERE VIALET-CHABRAND (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, INTERACTIONS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BASE OF A UNITED KINGDOM), MARTIN BATTLE (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM), TRACY LAWSON (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, PIVOTAL ADAPTIVE TRAIT FOR WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:00 UNITED KINGDOM) DRY ENVIRONMENTS
VALENTIN COUVREUR (UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, [email protected] WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:30 EARTH AND LIFE INSTITUTE, LOUVAIN-LA-NEUVE, BELGIUM), GUILLAUME LOBET (FZ JUELICH, JUELICH, GERMANY; UNIVERSITÉ Plant phenotyping, the quantitative description of plants’ CARLA DE LA FUENTE CANTÓ (INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, EARTH AND LIFE INSTITUTE, LOUVAIN- anatomical, ontogenetical, physiological and biochemical LE DÉVELOPPEMENT (IRD), FRANCE), MARILYNE DEBIEU LA-NEUVE, BELGIUM), MATHIEU JAVAUX (UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE properties, is key to assess genetic diversity and identify targets (DIADE UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER IRD, FRANCE), DE LOUVAIN, EARTH AND LIFE INSTITUTE, LOUVAIN-LA-NEUVE, for genetic manipulation to improve plant performance and yield. SIXTINE PASSOT (DIADE UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER BELGIUM; FZ JUELICH, JUELICH, GERMANY), BERTRAND MULLER3, Intrinsic water use efficiency (Wi ), net CO2 assimilation rate IRD, FRANCE), ALEXANDRE GRONDIN (DIADE UNIVERSITY FRANÇOIS CHAUMONT (UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, (A) divided by stomatal conductance to water vapor (gsw ) is an OF MONTPELLIER IRD, FRANCE), MAXIME STEFFEN (DIADE EARTH AND LIFE INSTITUTE, LOUVAIN-LA-NEUVE, BELGIUM), important physiological trait displaying complex diurnal kinetics UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER IRD, FRANCE), HN DINH (DIADE FRANÇOIS TARDIEU (INRA, LEPSE, MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), t hat a re d i ffic u lt to mea su re w it h h ig h t h roug hput. Unde r dy na m ic UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER IRD, FRANCE), JONATHAN XAVIER DRAYE (UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN, EARTH AND environmental conditions, differences inA between plants can ATKINSON (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM SUTTON BONINGTON, LIFE INSTITUTE, LOUVAIN-LA-NEUVE, BELGIUM) be due to differences in photosynthetic capacities, enzymatic UNITED KINGDOM), ANTONY CHAMPION (DIADE UNIVERSITY activation (e.g. PSII, RuBisCO) and stomatal limitation of CO 2 [email protected] OF MONTPELLIER IRD, FRANCE), CELIA BARRACHINA d i ff u sion to t he sites of ca rbox ylat ion , a l l of wh ic h i n fluence W i . (MONTPELLIER GENOMIX MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), MARINE Temporal responses of gsw are generally an order of magnitude Advanced transcriptome sequencing has uncovered extensive PRATLONG (MONTPELLIER GENOMIX MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), slower than A and not only limit A but also have an impact on leaf alternative splicing (more than 60%) in plants, and genome-wide PASCAL GANTET (DIADE UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER transpiration and temperature, influencing plant yield and water as well as focused gene analyses have shown the regulatory power IRD, FRANCE), MALCOLM BENNETT (UNIVERSITY OF budget. Although very precise, the scalability of leaf gas exchange of alternative splicing on plant development and in responses to NOTTINGHAM SUTTON BONINGTON, UNITED KINGDOM), methods to estimate A and gsw i s l i m ited a nd i s becom i ng a major stress and environment. Alternative splicing can create new protein PRAKASH GANGASHETTY (ICRISAT, NIGER), NDJIDO KANE technical bottleneck for large scale genetic studies. In contrast, i sofor m s or c ha nge ge ne e x pression by lead i ng to t ra n sc r ipt i sofor m s (LMI LAPSE DAKAR, SENEGAL), DARREN WELLS (UNIVERSITY c h lorophyl l fluoresce nce i mag i ng a nd t he r mog raphy a l low rapid , t hat a re eit he r ta rgeted to t he N M D pat hway or a re reta i ned i n t he OF NOTTINGHAM SUTTON BONINGTON, UNITED KINGDOM), non-contact measurement of a large number of plants, however nucleus. Alternative splicing as a co-transcriptional process is also YVES VIGOUROUX (DIADE UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER IRD, their biological interpretation is more challenging. Deriving gsw g reat ly i n flue nced by epige net ic c ha nges at t he c h romat i n level. FRANCE), LAURENT LAPLAZE (LMI LAPSE DAKAR (SENEGAL) f rom t he r mog ra m s u si ng e ne rg y ba la nce equat ion s i s st i l l e x t re mely Proteins regulating splicing or alternative splicing and transcript DIADE UNIVERSITY OF MONTPELLIER IRD, FRANCE) difficult and is not widely used. Recent advances in imaging isoforms with different fates have significant impact in gene met hod s a nd i nte r pretat ion of c h lorophyl l fluorescence i mag i ng reg u lator y c i rc u it s. Spec i fica l ly, beside deve [email protected] and thermography are presented with insights on how stomatal behaviour impact the spatial and temporal response of W under a i Pearl millet is a staple crop growing in the semi-arid tropical regions dynamic environment. of Asia and Africa. The crop is adapted and cultivated in soils lacking water and nutrients where other cereals would fail. We investigated belowground traits associated with these adaptations with an aim for breeding more climate-resilient varieties. We targeted primary root growth as an important trait for early seedling establishment. Preliminary results in West-African field trials suggest a positive impact of primary root growth on crop yield in dry low-P conditions. We characterised the phenotypic variation of the trait in a genetically diverse panel of 120 inbred lines using high- throughput phenotyping platforms. A Genome Wide Association St udy (G WA S) revea led n i ne sig n i fica nt ma rke r-t ra it a ssoc iat ion s for the trait. Inbred lines with contrasted phenotype were used ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 260 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 261
to assess differences in root tips transcriptome (RNAseq) and inform management approaches and offers opportunities to develop two large F2 QTL populations. QTLs in F2 populations were P5.4 ORGAN-SPECIFIC DYNAMICS enhance water-limited yields. Soil and atmospheric water deficits P5.7 IN SILICO AND FUNCTIONAL a na lysed u si ng bu l ked pools of l i nes w it h e x t reme phenot y pe. T he AND ROLES OF STRIGOLACTONES can decrease tissue water status stimulating hormone (ABA, JA) ANALYSES OF GENES ASSOCIATED combi nat ion of G WA S, gene e x pression a na lysi s a nd bu l k seg rega nt accumulation in roots and leaves, thereby promoting stomatal analysis revealed interesting QTLs and candidate genes in the UNDER DROUGHT closure to limit water loses. Several genes control each step of the WITH DESICCATION AND SALINITY regulation of pearl millet root growth. Backcrossed lines will be biosynthesis and catabolism of these hormones, but the site of TOLERANCE IN MONOCOT RESURRECTION u sed to f u r t he r test ou r resu lt s i n field t r ia l s. WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:00 stress perception has attracted considerable debate. One paradigm PLANTS XEROPHYTA SCHLECHTERI AND is that roots are the primary organ to perceive soil drying, generating ERAGROSTIS NINDENSIS FRANCESCA CARDINALE (UNIVERSITY OF TURIN, ITALY), root-to-shoot signalling to the leaves to initiate stomatal closure. IVAN VISENTIN (UNIVERSITY OF TURIN, ITALY), CLAUDIO Alternatively, recent studies demonstrate the importance of leaves P5.3 DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF LOCAL LOVISOLO (UNIVERSITY OF TURIN, ITALY), ANDREA SCHUBERT i n gene rat i ng rapid respon ses to i nc rea sed at mosphe r ic V PD. T he WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 12:00 ROOT WATER UPTAKE TO LIGHT (UNIVERSITY OF TURIN, ITALY) surgical technique of girdling (removal of stem phloem tissue) suppresses shoot-to-root signalling, allowing the interdependence MARIAM AWLIA (UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA), INTENSITY CHANGES [email protected] of root-to-shoot and shoot-to-root signalling to be evaluated at gene JILL FARRANT (UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA), expression, biochemical and physiological levels. HENK WM HILHORST (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY RESEARCH, The phytohormones strigolactones (SL) are mostly produced in WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:45 NETHERLANDS) root s to be e x uded i n soi l a nd t ra n spor ted to t he shoot, whe re t hey modulate development. SL biosynthesis in shoots is necessary DAGMAR VAN DUSSCHOTEN (IBG-2 FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM [email protected] also for acclimatisation to drought in several plant species, JUELICH, GERMANY), YANNIK MUELLERS (IBG-2 mostly because it promotes stomata closure in abscisic acid P5.6 IMPROVED EARLY ADAPTIVE Drought and salinity severely affect plant production, causing a FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH, GERMANY), JOHANNES KOCHS (ABA)-dependent and independent ways. In tomato (Solanum SIGNALLING IN ROOTS ACCOUNTS FOR global crisis in the wake of climate change. Resurrection plants, (IBG-2 FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH, GERMANY), DANIEL lycopersicum L.) and other dicots under drought, their synthesis relative to crops, are unique in their ability to survive severe PFLUGFELDER (IBG-2 FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH, DIFFERENTIAL SALT TOLERANCE IN partly shifts from roots to shoots, indicating organ specificity desiccation (to less than 10% of cellular water) and recover fully GERMANY), HENDRIK POORTER (IBG-2 FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM QUINOA ACCESSIONS in their metabolism and role. Such drop in root-synthesised SL on rehydration, but no study has comprehensively investigated JUELICH, GERMANY), JOHANNES A POSTMA (IBG-2 acts as a systemic indication of stress unlinked from shootward t he combi ned e ffec t w it h sa lt st ress. Ide nt i f y i ng t he e ndoge nou s FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH, GERMANY) ABA translocation and sufficient to prime the plant for better WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:45 regulation of this genetic toolkit in monocot resurrection plants st ress avoida nce. Dow n st rea m e ffec tors l i n k i ng SL ac t ion u nde r under drought and salinity, both individually and in combination, [email protected] stress to ABA-dependent or independent responses, however, are NADIA BAZIHIZINA (UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE, would shed light on their involvement with desiccation and salinity Local root water uptake (RWU) is dependent on shoot transpiration less characterised. We found that endogenous SL are absolutely ITALY), STEFANO MANCUSO (UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI tolerance. By assessing the physiological responses to salinity and rates as well as several root characteristics and the surrounding required for miR156 induction by drought and that exogenous DI FIRENZE, ITALY), SERGEY SHABALA (UNIVERSITY OF drought tolerance in the slow-growing resurrection plant Xerophyta soil water content (θ). Q ua nt i ficat ion of RW U i s qu ite ha rd due to SL are sufficient for miR156 accumulation in tomato leaves. The TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA) schlechteri and the fast-growing Eragrostis nindensis and integrating the relatively fast redistribution of water within the soil. Poor effects of SL are exerted onMIR156 genes at the transcriptional e x i st i ng t ra n sc r iptom ic data, t he respon ses a nd c rossta l k bet wee n sensitivity and low spatial resolution of currently available soil and pri-miRNA processing level. mir156 is a highly conserved [email protected] d roug ht a nd sa lt st ress wou ld be dete r m i ned . T he co - e x pression water sensors pose additional challenges. We present a new, microRNA with roles in development and stress responses; its networks inferred from X. schlechteri and E. nindensis in terms of Epidermal bladder cells (EBCs) play a key role in the salt tolerance a ffordable soi l wate r se n sor, t he Soi l Wate r P rofi le r (S Wa P) w ith effects on target mRNA stability, tomato ecophysiology and transcriptome, metabolome or epigenome data will establish the of salt-secreting halophytes by acting as an external salt dump much higher sensitivity and better spatial resolution. It partially stomatal behaviour suggest it as a good candidate mediator of the connections between salt and drought tolerant clusters, thereby under conditions of excess Na+. Nevertheless, after testing the envelopes, and thereby can be shifted along, a cylindrical plant ABA-dependent subset of drought responses triggered by SL. The identifying the genes relevant to these two tolerance strategies. ST of more than 100 quinoa accessions, we observed dramatic container. We can scan single cylinders in a few minutes to determine syste m ic mobi l it y of m i R156 de fi nes it a l so a s a SL -related sig na l Understanding and harnessing the tolerance strategies and genetic differences in EBC density not always correlated with greater total change of water in the column (mL plant water uptake) as well feeding back from the shoot to the root in response to drought. toolkit that resurrection plants have could allow the identification salt tolerance. To elucidate possible mechanism(s) underlying as the local changes in θ with a precision of 2e-5 cm3 /cm 3 at a 1D This project has received funding from the European Union’s of the appropriate genes in crops for improved tolerance to stress. this enhanced tolerance in accessions with low EBC density, two resolut ion i n t he order of 1cm. Due to t he sensors’ h igh precision Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant accessions with contrasting salt tolerance and EBC density were and fast dynamics we can derive local RWU values utilizing light A g ree me nt n . 727929 - TOM R ES selec ted . At t he shoot level, mesophyl l K+ rete nt ion a nd ga s e xc ha nge intensity changes. Using four sensors, we continuously scanned data indicate that reductions in photosynthetic rates were due to fou r pla nt s wh i le t hey we re subjec ted to d i ffe re nt l ig ht i nte n sit ies stomatal limitations rather than biochemical ones. This suggests P5.8 ADVANCES IN PROCESS-BASED provided by a home-built, water-cooled, programmable LED panel that, in the tolerant accession, improved responses at the root MODELING OF STOMATAL RESPONSES (up to 1400 μE/(m2 .s)). Before and after scanning, the root length P5.5 PHYSIOLOGICAL, PHYTOHORMONAL level reduced t he i n h ibit ion of water flu x ac ross cel l membra nes distribution was determined using magnetic resonance imaging TO WATER STATUS AND MOLECULAR RESPONSES OF ROOT- thereby explaining their improved gas exchanges. Confirming (MRI). We used the SWaP to monitor RWU of a variety of plants in the greater sensitivity at the root level of accession 30, compared response to step-wise changes in the light intensity. We show that SHOOT COMMUNICATION IN SOYBEAN WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 14:30 with the tolerant accession 68, we found a decline in cell viability not only the amplitude of the RWU profiles changes rapidly, but UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS and an increase in H O production in both the apical and mature also the shape of the RWU profiles changes with time after a light 2 2 TOM BUCKLEY (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA DAVIS, UNITED root zones following salinity stress. As signalling processes are intensity jump. STATES) WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:30 fundamental in root responses to salinity stress, we also monitored ion flu xes fol low i ng t he add it ion of NaC l a nd reac t ive ox yge n spec ies. [email protected] PEDRO CASTRO (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), Our results suggests that, independently of shoot based tolerance JAIME PUÉRTOLAS (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED mechanisms (including EBC density), improved signalling in Recent work has clarified the role of hydroactive mechanisms KINGDOM), IAN C DODD (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED the tolerant accession, based on OH- -activation of K+ channels, driving stomatal responses to changes in VPD, hydraulic KINGDOM), HON-MING LAM (CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG el ic ited spec i fic detox i ficat ion mec ha n i sm s i n root s. T h i s i ntur conductance and soil moisture, but has also raised new hypotheses KONG, HONG KONG), JIANHUA ZHANG (HONG KONG BAPTIST improved root membrane functionality, stomatal regulation and and additional mechanisms that had previously been overlooked, UNIVERSITY, HONG KONG) ga s e xc ha nges i n t he shoot s fol low i ng t he add it ion of NaC l. such as the role of vapor and heat transport within the leaf. In this talk, I will discuss these topics and describe a new process- [email protected] based model that improves upon, and generalizes, previously published models. Soybean is an important global crop for human and animal nutrition, but its production is affected by environmental stresses such as drought. Crops adapt to these stresses by producing multiple internal signals between roots and shoots. Understanding the relationships between physiological (water potential and stomatal conductance), bioc he m ica l (phy tohor mones) a nd ge ne e x pression c ha nges ca n ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 262 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 263
stomatal conductance, which was built on robust assumptions P5.9 A MODELLING APPROACH of stomatal response to environmental stimuli. Although plants P5.12 INTEGRATING METABOLOMIC P5.13 IDENTIFYING VARIATION TO QUANTIFY THE INFLUENCE OF withflaccarootstocks had much lower xylem ABA concentrations ANALYSIS INTO THE PHYSIOLOGICAL IN WHEAT FOR THE PHYSIOLOGICAL than those with WT rootstocks, the hydromechanical model did STOMATAL BEHAVIOUR AND SALINITY not show substa nt ia l d i ffe re nces i n stomata l respon se bet wee n t he FRAMEWORK: POSSIBLE INFORMATION MECHANISMS REGULATING WATER STRESS ON WATER USE EFFICIENCY different graft combinations. Thus leaf-exogenous ABA seems to ON THE DEPLETION OF C AND N STORAGE USE EFFICIENCY OF CUCUMBER PLANTS play a limited role in the down-regulation of stomatal conductance COMPOUNDS IN DROUGHTED LEAVES to increased evaporative demand. WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:15 WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:00 WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:00 BAILEY M KRETZLER (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY - LANCASTER DANY MOUALEU-NGANGUE (LEIBNIZ UNIVERSITÄT ANTONELLA GORI (DAGRI - DEPARTMENT OF AGRI-FOOD ENVIRONMENT CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), IAN C DODD HANNOVER, GERMANY) P5.11 LINKING ANATOMY-MEDIATED PRODUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, ITALY), ANATOLY (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY - LANCASTER ENVIRONMENT CENTRE, PHOTOSYNTHESIS CAPACITY WITH P SOBOLEV (CNR - ISTITUTO DI METODOLOGIE CHIMICHE UNITED KINGDOM), ELIZABETE CARMO-SILVA (LANCASTER [email protected] WATER: LEAF HYDRAULICS, DESICCATION LABORATORIO DI RISONANZA MAGNETICA “ANNALAURA UNIVERSITY - LANCASTER ENVIRONMENT CENTRE, UNITED SEGRE, ITALY), DONATELLA CAPITANI (CNR - ISTITUTO KINGDOM) Water use efficiency (WUE) is driven mainly by leaf traits that TOLERANCE AND THE BULK MODULUS DI METODOLOGIE CHIMICHE LABORATORIO DI RISONANZA reduce transpiration and important processes for leaf productivity. OF ELASTICITY MAGNETICA “ANNALAURA SEGRE, ITALY), FRANCESCO LORETO [email protected] Stomatal behaviour plays a key role on both transpiration rate and (DISBA-CNR, ITALY), MAURO CENTRITTO (CNR-IVALSA, Wheat is an important grain crop in many regions around the world. net a ssi m i lat ion , a nd i s t he refore c r uc ia l for i mprov i ng W U E . O n WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 16:30 ITALY), CECILIA BRUNETTI (CNR-IVALSA, ITALY) With some of these areas facing drought induced yield decline, it is the other hand, salinity was reported to lead to stomatal closure imperative to investigate genetic variation in mechanisms of wheat leading to a decrease of the dry matter production. Salinity also JAUME FLEXAS (INAGEA, SPAIN), ALICIA PERERA-CASTRO [email protected] response to water deficit. I n assessi ng va r iabi l it y a mong spr i ng affects physiological and morphological plant and leaf traits. (INAGEA, SPAIN), MARC CARRIQUI (INAGEA, SPAIN), JAVIER wheat ge not y pes, a m i x t u re of domest icated c u lt iva rs a nd a ncest ra l The role of dy na m ic proper t ies of stomata i n reg u lat i ng W U E of Plant responses to drought involve a complex interaction of GULIAS (INAGEA, SPAIN), MIQUEL NADAL (INAGEA, SPAIN) va r iet ies ( La nd races) we re e x posed to c yc les of soi l d r y i ng wh i le a c uc u mber pla nt u nder sa l i n it y st ress w i l l be e xa m i ned usi ng a physiological and biochemical processes. The elucidation of these measuring water use efficiency at both the whole plant (WUEwp) dynamical model. The model combines the dynamics of the canopy processes as well as their integrative networks is critical to enhance [email protected] a nd lea f level ( W U E i). T hese mea su res a re de fi ned a s bioma ss ga i n stomatal conductance with the models of solute accumulation in the drought tolerance in woody species. In the present study, black poplar pe r wate r con su med ( W U Ew p) a nd ca rbon a ssi m i lat ion pe r rate mesophyl l a nd wate r flow to t he mesophyl l a s d r iven by at mosphe r ic Mesophyll conductance to CO (g ) is as much limiting for (Populus nigra) pla nt s subjec ted to wate r de fic it we re u sed a s t he 2 m of transpiration (WUEi). Genotypic differences were observed cond it ion s, a nd t he e ffec t of sa l i n it y on t he photosy nt het ic capac it y. photosynthesis as stomatal conductance is and, in some organisms, model system to elucidate the effect of drought on leaf metabolic for WUEwp and rate of decline in stomatal conductance under The potential canopy photosynthesis rate will be computed at each even more. T he ma x i mu m g m of a g ive n spec ies i s dete r m i ned by t he profi le, a nd to i nvest igate how t he reg u lat ion of mu lt iple bioc he m ica l soil drying. In contrast, no variation existed for WUEi between time point, and using the current value of stomatal conductance, the specific anatomical arrangements of the mesophyll, with a dominant pathways are involved in the control of leaf physiological genotypes, as indicated by consistent stomatal limitation to e ffec t ive va lue of t he net a ssi m i lat ion w i l l be de r ived toget he r w it h role of cell wall thickness (CWT) and the fraction of mesophyll cells homeostasis. Water stress was imposed by withholding water in leaf photosynthetic rate. Further studies will investigate if the the transpiration rate which will be estimated using the Penman- covered by chloroplasts (S /S). Sig n i fica nt a nd i mpor ta nt d i ffe re nces order to obtain moderate- and severe-water-stressed plants, whereas c disconnect is due to variation in stomatal sensitivity between Monteith equation. Comparison of WUE under different light in g exist between phylogenetically distant plant groups. well-watered plants were irrigated to pot capacity. Physiological m genotypes, leaf developmental stage, or both. Since phytohormones cond it ion s w i l l revea l t he dy na m ics of W U E on c loudy compa red Spec i fica l ly, a dec rea si ng t rend for C W T a nd a n i nc rea si ng t rend for parameters were monitored and water soluble metabolites were such as ABA and Ethylene may play a role in regulating stomatal to a su n ny day. Va r iat ion of t he da i ly W U E w it h respec t to stomata l S /S is observed from bryophytes to vascular plants and, among extracted from leaves and analyzed with NMR spectroscopy. c conduc ta nce, it i s i mpor ta nt to qua nt i f y e x pression a nd se n sit iv it y parameters and salinity stress will be presented for different these, from ferns to angiosperms. Such trends correspond well Metabolomic analysis highlighted pools of metabolites that across soil moisture and leaf age. Doing so could identify the scenarios of sunny and cloudy days. with scaling maximum photosynthesis rates in each group. a ffec ted t he physiolog ica l adju st me nt s of popla r u nde r d roug ht . mechanisms regulating water use and biomass gain across wheat We hypothesize that this trend reflects a trade-off between In particular, stress triggered changes in primary metabolism, development, establishing criteria for screening germplasm within photosynthetic capacity and desiccation tolerance, the latter being especially increases in amino acids, tricarboxylic acids and drought focused breeding endeavours. generalized in bryophytes, common in ferns and rare in higher non-structural carbohydrates, suggesting changes in resources P5.10 DOES ROOT-SOURCED ABA pla nt s. To test t h i s hy pot hesi s, we have conduc ted field ca mpa ig n s allocation and possible mobilization of storage compounds. AFFECT STOMATAL RESPONSES TO i n e x t re me e nv i ron me nt s of t he world , i nc lud i ng hot a nd cold dese r t s, These results provide a framework for better understanding like Atacama, salty planes in Los Andes, the Arctic and Antarctica, multiple mechanisms in plant responses to drought. The use of CHANGES IN EVAPORATIVE DEMAND? among others. Preliminary results confirm the hypothesized metabolomics as a tool to monitor stress-responsive markers of C P5.14 FIELD-GROWN POTATO SUSTAINS t rade - off ; a few out l ie rs to t h i s t rade - off we re fou nd i n pa r t ic u la r and N utilization is also discussed. LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS RATES AND LEAF WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:15 e nv i ron me nt s, wh ic h a re prom i si ng ca nd idates for ‘ h ig h fit ness WATER STATUS UNDER SOIL COMPACTION species’ in a climate change situation. In addition, g was found to m AND DROUGHT STRESSES ANTONIO DIAZ-ESPEJO (IRNAS CSIC, SPAIN), IAN C DODD be related to leaf hydraulic characteristics and to the bulk modulus (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), JAIME of elasticity. The findings are discussed in terms of evolution and PUERTOLAS (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) adaptation, highlighting their potential effects in plant fitness. WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:30
[email protected] KATHARINA HUNTENBURG (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), MARK A STALHAM (NIAB CUF, UNITED KINGDOM), Recent years have seen a change in the paradigm for the main IAN C DODD (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) source of ABA involved in regulating stomatal responses. Most evidence now considers the leaves as the main “factories” of this [email protected] phytohormone, which has motivated scientists to reconsider how stomata l conduc ta nce is reg u lated i n respon se to wate r de fic it s. The UK summer of 2018 was particularly hot with the months Independently of its origin, it is doubtless that some ABA is from June to August being on average 2°C warmer than the 30- recirculated from the roots, via the xylem, to leaves, and these xylem year average, with only 3 days of considerable rainfall (> 5 mm) A BA conce nt rat ion s ca n be su ffic ie nt to el ic it stomata l c losu re whe n in this period. Such summer conditions may be a template for fed to detached leaves in a transpiration assay. This study aimed to climate change scenarios, since summer mean air temperatures assess to what extent this leaf-exogenous ABA plays a major role in and precipitation are predicted to increase by 3°C and decrease reg u lat i ng stomata l conduc ta nce. Si nce it i s ve r y d i ffic u lt e mpi r ica l ly by 20–30% respectively. During this summer, a factorial field to separate ABA according to its origin, reciprocal- and self-grafts of e x pe r i ment (soi l compac t ion x i r r igat ion t reat ment) showed t hat w i ld-t y pe ( W T ) a nd A BA- de fic ient (flacca) tomatoes we re e x posed potatoes grown in compacted soil and maintained well watered to step-changes in vapour pressure deficit. The resultant stomatal (< 25mm soil moisture deficit) produced smaller shoots and lower changes were analysed according to a hydromechanical model of y ield s t ha n i n u ncompac ted soi l, but t he e ffec t of compac t ion on ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 264 SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
Publish your research in our high impact journals: • The Plant Journal (impact factor 5.775) above g rou nd bioma ss a nd y ield i n d r y soi l (a l lowed to at ta i n a de fic it • Journal of Experimental Botany (Impact factor 5.354) of < 6 0 m m) wa s not sig n i fica nt. A s a n ove ra l l e ffec t, de fic it i r r igat ion P5.16 CHARACTERISTICS OF DEEP reduced yield and biomass compared with more frequent irrigation. • Plant Biotechnology Journal (Impact factor 6.303) ROOT SYSTEM IN DROUGHT TOLERANT • Conservation Physiology (Impact factor 3.460) However, leaf water status and photosynthesis rates did not differ CULTIVAR OF COWPEA between treatments. Thus, potatoes under either long-term soil • Plant Direct wate r de fic it a nd /or compac t ion st ress adju st t hei r g row t h accord i ng to soil water availability, rather than altering leaf gas exchange. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION Since leaf water status was conserved across treatments, changes in root-to-shoot signalling likely limit growth. This will be investigated YUKA TATSUMI (KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), by a na lysi ng lea f x yle m sap sa mples col lec ted du r i ng t he sea son . SHINYA MURAKAMI (KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), Si m i la r fac tor ia l cont rol led e nv i ron me nt e x pe r i me nt s w it h pla nt s NORIMITSU HAMAOKA (KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), g row n i n spec ia l i sed pot s t hat fit i n a pressu re c ha mbe r w i l l a l low MARI IWAYA-INOUE (KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), more detailed investigation of this signalling, by collecting root YUSHI ISHIBASHI (KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN) xylem sap at flow rates comparable to whole transpiration. [email protected]
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) is one of the legume crops cultivated in semiarid area, and have the characteristics of highly P5.15 LONG-DISTANCE PHYTOHORMONAL drought tolerant. In general, deep root system enables plants SIGNALLING OF SOIL DRYING AND absorb water from deep soil layer. It is known that typical upland COMPACTION IN THE SOLANACEAE? rice cultivars have deeper rooting system than lowland ones, suggesting that the deep rooting characteristics may be one of ways to improve their drought resistance. We, therefore, focused on deep WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:45 rooting system in cowpea. Characteristics of deep root system were eva luated by u si ng ‘ ba sket ’ met hod a nd gene e x pression a na lysi s. IAN C DODD (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), The ratio of the deep root number and dry weight per total lateral SARAH M DONALDSON (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED root s i n d roug ht tole ra nt c u lt iva r ‘20 5’ wa s sig n i fica nt ly h ig he r KINGDOM), KATHARINA HUNTENBURG (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, t ha n t hose of d roug ht se n sit ive ‘555’. T hese resu lt s suggested t hat UNITED KINGDOM), ALFONSO ALBACETE (CEBAS-CSIC MURCIA, drought tolerant cultivar has deeper rooting traits than the sensitive SPAIN) one. The drought tolerant traits were mainly regulated by BR-related HOT OFF gene, BZR1, which relates to lateral root development. The expression [email protected] of BZR1 i n deep root s wa s sig n i fica nt ly h ig he r compa red to sha l low Plants can respond sensitively to drying soil, with leaf growth root s i n t he d roug ht-tole ra nt c u lt iva r. Si m i la rly, t he e x pression of inhibition and stomatal closure preceding any quantitative MSBP1 and Hy5 were also higher in deep roots. Taken together, the difference in leaf water potential, or visual difference in leaf turgor, deep root system in cowpea may contribute to its drought tolerance THE PRESS by several days. Attention has focused on soil drying induced through enhanced water uptake from deeper soil layer. synthesis and metabolism of phytohormones, which can change tissue hormone concentrations and xylem sap composition. The advent of multi-analyte phytohormone analyses, with xylem sap sampling at sap flow rates approx imating t ranspiration, allows their role as sensors of soil drying to be investigated. When water was withheld from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants grown i n a m i ne ra l subst rate at t wo d i ffe rent bu l k den sit ies (1.4 vs 1.74 g / cm3 ), soi l- d r y i ng-i nduced c ha nges i n root x ylem sap composit ion were accentuated in plants grown at low bulk density, likely due to greater soil drying. At the same soil water content, high bulk density decreased xylem abscisic acid (ABA) concentration, likely due to low ox yge n ava i labi l it y to t he root syste m . Moreove r, h ig h bu l k de n sit y i nc rea sed x yle m ja smon ic ac id ( JA) conce nt rat ion , while xylem cytokinin (trans-zeatin, tZ, and isopentenyl adenine, iP) concentrations did not change. Soil drying also increased xylem salicylic acid (SA) concentrations. Preliminary analyses i n si m i la r e x pe r i ment s suggest t hese respon ses a re con se r ved i n potato (Solanum tuberosum). Whether these changes in xylem sap a ffec t t i ssue phy tohor mone concent rat ion s, a nd a re due to loca l or long- distance processes, will be investigated by self- and reciprocal- grafting of mutants that are deficient in or overexpress selected phytohormone groups.
For selected journals, SEB members benefit of: • free colour printing • reduced journal subscription fees • discounted author fees www.sebiology.org/publications ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL,PLANT & CELL ABSTRACT 266 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 267
P6 HEAT AND DROUGHT P6.3 POLLEN DEVELOPMENT THE P6.4 RESILIENT BEANS FOR CLIMATE WEAKEST LINK – DEVELOPING CHANGE: TEMPERATURE THRESHOLDS, TOLERANCE – FROM THE LAB RESILIENCE TO TEMPERATURE CRITICALLY SENSITIVE STAGES AND STRESS DURING REPRODUCTION UNDERLYING ADAPTATIONS TO HEAT TO IMPACT IN THE FIELD AND CLIMATE CHANGE FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:00 FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:30 ZOE WILSON (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), B TALLE (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), JAVIER A MIRET (UNIVERSITY OF READING, SCHOOL OF J FERNANDEZ GOMES (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED AGRICULTURE POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT, UNITED KINGDOM), KINGDOM), A TIDY (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED TESS DILKS (ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH, PLANT SCIENCES ORGANISED BY: MATTHEW GILLIHAM (UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE), ZOE WILSON KINGDOM), P BARRETO (UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS, BRAZIL), P DEPARTMENT, UNITED KINGDOM), CHETAN DEVA (UNIVERSITY (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM), MALCOLM HAWKESFORD (ROTHAMSTED RESEACH) ARRUDA (UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS, BRAZIL) OF LEEDS, SCHOOL OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENT, UNITED AND OWEN ATKIN (AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY) KINGDOM), HERNAN DEGIOVANNI (SCOTLAND’S RURAL [email protected] COLLEGE, DEPARTMENT OF LAND ECONOMY, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIETY, UNITED KINGDOM), SANDRA SAKALAUSKIENE Pol len for mat ion is h igh ly sensit ive to temperat u re st ress; h igh (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, LANCASTER ENVIRONMENT CENTRE, T he sig n i fica nce of t hese fi nd i ngs for how f ut u re, hot te r c l i mates te mpe rat u res du r i ng flowe r i ng t he refore pose a se r iou s t h reat to UNITED KINGDOM), BENJAMIN E SCHIEK (INTERNATIONAL P6.1 GLOBAL VARIABILITY IN may i n flue nce pla nt spec ies i n t he r ma l ly cont ra st i ng biomes w i l l current and long-term crop yields. This is particularly the case since CENTER FOR TROPICAL AGRICULTURE (CIAT), DECISION be discussed. flowe r i ng a nd seed set t y pica l ly occ u r du r i ng a si ng le, t ra n sie nt PHOTOSYNTHETIC HEAT TOLERANCE AND POLICY ANALYSIS, COLOMBIA), STEVEN D PRAGER stage of plant development, which unlike vegetative associated- QUANTIFIED USING CHLOROPHYLL-A (INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR TROPICAL AGRICULTURE stress, cannot be rescued if conditions subsequently improve. (CIAT), DECISION AND POLICY ANALYSIS, COLOMBIA), BODO FLUORESCENCE H ig h tempe rat u res reduce t he nu mbe r of flowe r i ng bra nc hes a nd RAATZ (INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR TROPICAL AGRICULTURE therefore the number of flowers per plant, however abnormalities in P6.2 OPTIMISING THE REGULATION (CIAT), AGROBIODIVERSITY (BEAN PROGRAM), COLOMBIA), FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:00 pollen formation result in male sterility and thus failure of seed set. OF CO ASSIMILATION TO ENHANCE THE MILAN O URBAN (INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR TROPICAL 2 There is thus the potential for devastating yield losses if resilience AGRICULTURE (CIAT), AGROBIODIVERSITY (BEAN PROGRAM), OWEN K ATKIN (AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, STABILITY OF WHEAT GRAIN YIELDS IN to reproductive temperature stress is not developed. We have been COLOMBIA), JULIAN RAMIREZ-VILLEGAS (INTERNATIONAL AUSTRALIA), LINGLING ZHU (AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL THE CHANGING CLIMATE using various approaches to identify the changes associated with CENTER FOR TROPICAL AGRICULTURE (CIAT), DECISION UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), ODHRAN S O’SULLIVAN heat stress during pollen development in arabidopsis, rice, wheat AND POLICY ANALYSIS, COLOMBIA), STEPHEN BEEBE (AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), MARY A and barley. We have been capitalising upon genetic variability FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:30 (INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR TROPICAL AGRICULTURE (CIAT), HESKEL (MACALESTER COLLEGE, UNITED STATES), KEITH J in tolerance to high temperature to conduct GWAS and RNASeq AGROBIODIVERSITY (BEAN PROGRAM), COLOMBIA), IAN C DODD BLOOMFIELD (IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM), to identify tolerance and expression changes associated with ELIZABETE CARMO-SILVA (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, LANCASTER ENVIRONMENT CENTRE, LASANTHA K WEERASINGHE (UNIVERSITY OF PERADENIYA, SRI reproductive heat stress. These data will be discussed. In addition UNITED KINGDOM) UNITED KINGDOM), ANDREW BARNES (SCOTLAND’S RURAL LANKA), MARK G TJOELKER (WESTERN SYDNEY UNIVERSITY, we have used transgenic approaches to modify Uncoupling COLLEGE, DEPTARTMEN OF LAND ECONOMY, ENVIRONMENT AND AUSTRALIA), PETER B REICH (UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, Protein1 (UCP1) expression to reconfigure cellular metabolism [email protected] SOCIETY, UNITED KINGDOM), SIGRID HEUER (ROTHAMSTED UNITED STATES), KEVIN L GRIFFIN (COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, as an alternative approach to develop abiotic resilience. It is RESEARCH, PLANT SCIENCES DEPARTMENT, UNITED KINGDOM), UNITED STATES), VAUGHAN HURRY (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY Wheat yields are threatened by changes in the environment thought that control of Uncoupling Protein expression is one of the ANDREW JUAN CHALLINOR (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), PATRICK MEIR that affect both grain weight and grain number. During booting mechanisms eukaryotic cells use to regulate ROS production. We OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENT, UNITED KINGDOM), DONAL (AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), MATTHEW H and through post-anthesis, the flag leaf is a major contributor obse r ved t hat flowe rs f rom UC P1 ove re x pression l i nes ac t a s st ronge r O’SULLIVAN (UNIVERSITY OF READING, SCHOOL OF TURNBULL (UNIVERSITY OF CANTERBURY, NEW ZEALAND) of ca rbohyd rates to fi l l t he g ra i n . T he e n z y me Rubi sco (r ibu lose - photoassimilate sinks during abiotic stress, resulting in enhanced AGRICULTURE POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT, UNITED KINGDOM) 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase) is responsible for the drought resilience and increased yield. [email protected] initial step in CO a ssi m i lat ion . It i s not a ve r y e ffic ie nt e n z y meand, 2 [email protected] therefore, large amounts are present in the leaves to support adequate High-temperature tolerance in plants is important in a warming photosynthetic rates. In wheat, Rubisco can represent more than Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are widely proposed as world , w it h e x t re me heat waves pote nt ia l ly lead i ng to let ha l heat i ng 50% of the total soluble protein in the leaves. Due to its central role a highly nutritious and marketable crop for ex-combatants in of leaves. To assess whether there are global patterns in high- in carbon metabolism, the activity of Rubisco is heavily regulated. Colombia, but high temperatures may constrain productivity. te mpe rat u re tole ra nce of photosy nt hesi s, we qua nt i fied Tcrit (high Sugar-phosphate derivatives with a structure resembling the Two major knowledge gaps undermine the efficiency of current te mpe rat u re whe re m i n i ma l c h lorophyl l-a fluoresce nce r i ses rapid ly substrate bind the active sites of Rubisco tightly and lock the enzyme breeding for heat tolerance. First, the physiological mechanisms and thus photosystem II is disrupted) in upper canopy leaves of >260 i n a c losed i nac t ive con for mat ion . It i s hy pot hesi sed t hat : (1) u nde r underpinning existing genetic variation in heat tolerance are pla nt spec ies spa n n i ng seve n biomes. At si x t he r ma l ly cont ra st i ng optimal conditions, maintaining Rubisco highly active contributes poorly understood; second, current breeding programs and sites ac ross Au st ra l ia , we a l so qua nt i fied sea sona l adju st me nt s i n to greater rates of CO2 a ssi m i lat ion lead i ng to h ig he r g ra i n y ield s; c rop - c l i mate models may not re flec t t he pred ic ted f ut u re ove ra l l
Tcrit, w it h g la sshou se st ud ies u sed to a ssess i n he re nt d i ffe re nces i n Tcrit conversely, (2) under conditions of stress, particularly at elevated sea sona l st ress pat te r n s or d iu r na l tempe rat u re e xc u rsion s. We among species. In summer, mean site-based Tcrit values ranged from temperatures, Rubisco inhibitors may protect the enzyme from address these gaps by characterising the impacts of precisely
41. 5 °C i n t he A la ska n a rc t ic to 50. 8 °C i n lowla nd t ropica l ra i n forest s proteolytic breakdown and enable fast recovery of CO2 assimilation timed heat/drought stresses in development, photosynthesis and of Pe r uv ia n A ma zon ; t he ~8 °C i nc rea se i n Tcrit values from polar to rates upon relief from stress. Progress in testing these hypotheses reproduction through the precise phenotyping of critically sensitive equatorial regions is much less than expected based on the 20 °C will be discussed in light of the opportunities and challenges for stages and temperature thresholds through the growing season. spa n i n h ig h-te mpe rat u re e x t re mes ac ross t he g lobe. T hu s, w it h improving wheat grain yields in the changing climate. Ge not y pes prev iou sly ide nt i fied a s heat tole ra nt prese nt a d ive rsit y on ly modest h ig h-te mpe rat u re tole ra nce at sites t hat e x pe r ie nce of responses through the range of future temperatures and climate summer heat waves, species in mid-latitude (~20–50°C) regions have change scenarios, as well as thorough the crop cycle. With these key the narrowest thermal safety margins in upper canopy leaves. Tcrit tolerance traits, we are developing novel methods for the breeding, was also found to acclimate to seasonal changes in temperature sc ree n i ng a nd adopt ion of heat-tole ra nt bea n s; w it h va l idat ion i n (su m me r > w i nte r, i nc rea si ng on ave rage 0. 34 °C pe r °C i nc rea se i n field sites ac ross Colombia. W it h i n t he projec t, we work to i ncor porate growth temperature). The glasshouse studies revealed that Tcrit the new physiological knowledge in improved crop-climate models, was inherently higher in species from warmer habitats (increasing site selection, breeding traits and markers, and adoption pathways 0.16 °C pe r °C i nc rea se i n or ig i n a n nua l mea n ma x i mu m te mpe rat u re). with the ultimate aim of developing nutritive and climate-resilient beans for improved livelihoods. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 268 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 269
a nd spec i fic combi n i ng abi l it y e ffec t s (SC A) a mong c rosses. The processes such as respiration and photosynthesis and hence growth. P6.5 NOVEL CYTOKININ ANTAGONISTS lines A-23, G-33 and 017583 and testers HA-133 and 017577 were P6.8 GENE ACTION OF YIELD To test the response of moss establishment at different scales I AS A METHOD FOR CROP ENHANCEMENT the best general combiners under normal and drought-stress AND ITS RELATED ATTRIBUTES IN created four concrete tile designs with differing microtopography treatments. Results of SCA indicated that crosses G G-61×017577, (niche v relief; smooth v textured). I cast 240 tiles and fixed them UNDER ABIOTIC STRESS CONDITIONS A-79×CM-621, A-48×CM-621, 017592×CM-621, 017592×017577 and BRASSICA NAPUS L. UNDER NORMAL to 15 pavers which I placed in private gardens on an urban gradient A-75×017577 were the best specific combiners. Crosses G-61×HA-124 AND DROUGHT STRESS i n Wol longong, NS W, Au st ra l ia. Eac h pa nel wa s i noc u lated w it h FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:45 a nd A- 4 8×H A-341 had m id pa re nt, bet te r pa re nt a nd com me rc ia l a mixture of moss and associated soil from 40 sites within the heterosis for various traits under treatments. An additive type of FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:51 study region. Measurements of light and temperature were taken BRITTANY HEAP (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), gene action was observed for germination percentage, days to 50% seasonally. Overall, tiles with more rugosity and a niche (concave) GABRIELA TOLEDO-ORTIZ (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED flowering, days to 50% maturity, stem diameter and oil content while HINA SALEEM (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD, design are expected to promote moss establishment; so too shady KINGDOM), MARTIN MCAINSH (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED other traits showed non-additive gene action. The association of PAKISTAN), HUMERA RAZZAQ (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, sites t hat a re coole r i n su m me r mont h s; w it h u rba n i sat ion , pol lut ion , KINGDOM) traits based on correlation and path analyses suggested that seedling PAKISTAN) and larger scale processes such as population fragmentation detering fresh weight, dry weight and hundred achene weight might be used establishment. Initial results show decreased moss establishment [email protected] a s c r ite r ia for selec t i ng su n flowe r for d roug ht tole ra nce a nd h ig h [email protected] with increasing urbanisation and higher establishment in ‘niche’ achene yield. (concave) t i les. T h i s e x pe r i me nt w i l l e n ha nce ou r u nde rsta nd i ng Abiotic stresses account for over 50% crop yield losses C l i mate c ha nge i s a major i ssue worldw ide due to g loba l wa r m i ng. of t he e ffec t s of u rba n i sat ion on pla nt m ic roc l i mate a nd cont r ibute globally, however, strategies for abiotic stress mitigation Abiot ic st resses, pa r t ic u la rly d roug ht st ress, ha s c r uc ia l e ffec t s to research in urban greening. are largely under-developed and applications to reduce on plants. Drought stress decreases crop production and yield in the impact of abiotic stress on crops are currently lacking. Brassica napus. The present study was conducted to determine the Therefore, new approaches are urgently required to increase P6.7 TASTING THE SPOTLIGHT: THE gene action of various yield and its related attributes in B. napus crop yields under abiotic stress in order to feed a growing PATH OF THE SUN TRIGGERS DIURNAL under drought stress. For this purpose eight drought-tolerant and population in increasingly stressful environmental conditions. P6.10 RESPONSE OF BRASSICA NAPUS AND SPATIAL FLUCTUATIONS IN THE three drought-sensitive accessions were collected from oilseed Novel compounds have been synthesised and screened for root L. ACCESSIONS UNDER DROUGHT COMPOSITION OF WINE GRAPES research group and were hybridised using the line × tester mating growth promotion activity with the objective of eliminating design. Developed breeding material along with their parents were STRESS CONDITIONS AT BOTH SEEDLING t he e ffec t s of abiot ic st ress on c rop y ield s. T he novel compou nd s evaluated at the seedling stage in the lab and at the maturity stage in AND MATURITY STAGES under test are analogues of a known cytokinin antagonist, FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:49 t he field . A completely ra ndom i sed desig n wa s i mple me nted u si ng which is a non-competitive inhibitor of the cytokinin receptor 1 factorial structured treatment levels of T0=0 (normal), T1=8% (CRE1) in two model crop species: Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza NOAM RESHEF (CORNELL UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:55 a nd T2=16% PEG - 6 0 0 0. For mat u r it y t ra it s, t he e x pe r i me nt wa s sativa. Cytokinins are a class of plant hormones that regulate cell NURIT AGAM (THE JACOB BLAUSTEIN INSTITUTES FOR DESERT conduc ted i n t he field u si ng a ra ndom i sed complete bloc k desig n . division and differentiation in plants, they play an opposing role RESEARCH BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV, ISRAEL), BAREERA NASIR (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD, Three treatments were applied to create drought stress (T0=normal in the roots and shoots. Working antagonistically with auxin, AARON FAIT (THE JACOB BLAUSTEIN INSTITUTES FOR DESERT PAKISTAN), ZAINAB BALOCH (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE irrigation, T1=alternate irrigation and T2=no irrigation). Data cytokinins promote cell differentiation and proliferation in the RESEARCH BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV, ISRAEL) FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN), HUMERA RAZZAQ (UNIVERSITY OF were recorded for qualitative and quantitative traits and were zone of elongation and inhibit lateral root formation and root AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN) analysed by using ANOVA, mean comparison test, line × tester elongation. Upon application of the active compounds, the decreased [email protected] analysis, correlation and path analysis. The results indicated that cytokinin function in the root zone leads to longer roots and an [email protected] Micrometeorological conditions such as solar irradiance and t he va r ia nce i n spec i fic combi n i ng abi l it y wa s g reate r t ha n t hat of increased number of lateral roots with no cost to shoot growth. temperature are important factors affecting fruit composition. In general combining ability in all drought stress treatments, and that Fluctuations in climate can increase or decrease the production Research suggests that inhibition of CRE1 may act as a bio- recent yea rs, t hei r e ffec t on t he composit ion of w i ne g rapes received t he re wa s no add it ive gene ac t ion . L i ne × teste r a na lysi s had more of many crops. Any change in climate could pose a challenge for fortification tool, along with increasing the plants resilience con side rable at te nt ion , ow i ng to t he pa ra mou nt i n flue nce of abiot ic proportional contribution under T0=63.69, T1=61.45, T2=51.92 researchers and farmers. Brassica napus is an important oil seed crop to abiotic stress. The role of the novel cytokinin antagonist in defense-related compounds on fruit and wine quality. Nevertheless, fol lowed by l i nes T 0 =28.62 , T1=21.4 5, T2= 47.66, teste rs T 0 =7.69, and is prone to several abiotic stresses, especially drought stress. In promoting root growth and parameters relating to nutritional to this day we are unable to anticipate compositional consequences T1=17.0 9 a nd T2= 6.41. C ross Z m m-5×R a i nbow pe r for med best i n the present study, growth and tolerance responses of 10 accessions quality of the crop will be analysed. of a given set of conditions, and are uncertain as to whether they normal and drought conditions. of B. napus we re eva luated u nde r laborator y a nd field cond it ion s. For represent acclimatization, or are imposed by the environment. In hydroponics, seeds of each accession were sown in polythene bags in addition, the fundamental question of how fruits respond to the a triplicate, completely randomised design using factorial structured GENE ACTION OF DROUGHT substantial spatiotemporal variations accompanying the diurnal treatments. Fifteen days after sowing, seedlings were transplanted P6.6 path of the sun, remains largely unexplored. To address these P6.9 CONCRETE CONVERSATIONS: to the hydroponics at three drought stress levels: T0=0 (control), TOLERANCE AND ACHENE YIELD quest ion s, we c reated a n e x te n sive g rad ie nt of i r rad ia nce level s i n t he EXPERIMENTS WITH MOSS AND T1= 9 % a nd T2=18% of polyet hyle ne g lycol. Data we re recorded on RELATED TRAITS IN SUNFLOWER fruit-zone by harnessing the strong and stable solar irradiance in the MICROTOPOGRAPHY ON AN URBAN various seedling parameters after 15 days of transplantation. For (HELINANTHUS ANNUUS L.) Negev desert. The role of sunlight in the spatial variability of grape in vitro culture, seeds were grown in MS zero media and explants composition was analyzed by using the three-dimensional structure GRADIENT were used for callus culture, using the same treatment design as of the grape cluster and integrating berry-level metabolomics for hydroponics. Various drought-tolerant characteristics were FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:47 and micrometeorology. In addition, the impact of sun path on the FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:53 mea su red a f te r 21 days of ca l lu s for mat ion . Field e x pe r i me nt s we re diurnal metabolic processes in the grape were analyzed for the conducted in a randomised complete block design with split plot HUMERA RAZZAQ (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD, fi rst t i me. We fou nd t hat g rapes successf u l ly adapt to st rong sola r ALISON M HAYNES (UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG, AUSTRALIA), a r ra nge me nt hav i ng t h ree repl icat ion s a nd t h ree t reat me nt s: T 0 = 6 PAKISTAN) irradiance by repartitioning within primary metabolites and the SHARON ROBINSON (UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG, AUSTRALIA), i r r igat ion s (cont rol), T1=3 i r r igat ion s a nd T2= no i r r igat ion . Data on major flavonoid g roups. Howeve r, t h i s lead s to i n fe r ior se n sor ia l KRISTINE FRENCH (UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG, AUSTRALIA) yield and its related traits were recorded. Recorded data of these three [email protected] characteristics commonly associated with warm/arid climate. We experiments were subjected to ANOVA, multiple comparison test show that the spatiotemporal solar regime in a vineyard generates cor relat ion a nd pat h a na lyses. D roug ht-tole ra nt accession s may be SSi x t y su n flowe r accession s we re eva luated u nde r polyet hyle ne [email protected] spatial variability and diurnal fluctuations in fruit composition. used for the development of drought-tolerant types. glycol (PEG-6000)-mediated drought stress. Selected tolerant and Taken together, precise solar irradiance management is essential As organisms experience the env ironment at their ow n suite of se n sit ive accession s we re c rossed i n l i ne × teste r fa sh ion a nd t he to improving fruit quality and homogeneity and mitigating the scales, a multi scale approach is useful when determining the drivers resultant F1 along with their parents were evaluated for drought detrimental consequences of warm and arid conditions. of biodiversity. For small organisms such as moss, microtopography tolerance in the field and PEG-med iated d rought in the lab. Data such as small scale undulations and cavities is relevant because it were recorded on morphological and physiological parameters. is linked to the availability of resources including insolation and Genetic variation among the entries under normal and drought water. At a larger scale, urbanisation often involves increased light stress treatments indicated that this breeding material may be intensity, heat, pollution and drought, creating a multiple stress used for the development of drought-tolerant types. Combining e nv i ron me nt . Bet wee n t hese t wo e x t re mes, site c ha rac te r i st ics, ability analysis exhibited variable direction and magnitude of particularly shade, are also expected to influence physiological general combining ability (GCA) effects among line and testers ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 270 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 271
However, there is little information on the regulation of inorganic ion t he e x pression of 52 putat ive HvA BI 5 ta rget s u nde r d roug ht a nd P6.11 MUTATION INDUCTION IN homeostasis at the whole-plant level. In this regard, more attention P6.14 SLAC1 ANION CHANNEL OF eight of them under ABA treatment in both hvabi5 and its WT. Four ha s bee n pa id to t he ion ic mac ronut r ie nt s K+ and NO − , while Na+ genes associated with chlorophyll biosynthesis (Geranylgeranyl SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.) 3 GRASSES ALLOWS FOR THE CONTROL and Cl− have t rad it iona l ly bee n con side red a s tox ic ion s for c rops. Diphosphate Reductase), gibberellin biosynthesis (Ent-Kaurene TO MITIGATE THE CLIMATE CHANGE But unlike Na+ , plants make an important use of metabolic energy OF STOMATAL APERTURE BY NITRATE Synthase Like 5) and abiotic stress response (Phospholipase A2 and to accumulate Cl− . Apart from being an essential micronutrient, we Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 1) showed e x pression pat te r n s FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:57 have described Cl− a s a be ne fic ia l mac ronut r ie nt, play i ng spec i fic FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:00 highly correlated with HvABI5 e x pression level u nde r d roug ht a nd roles in promoting plant growth and water balance. Macronutrient ABA treatment. Physical interaction between their promoters SANIA ASHRAF (UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD, Cl− levels reduce stomatal conductance without a concomitant RAINER HEDRICH (MOLECULAR PLANT BIOLOGY AND and HvABI5 protein is further tested using Yeast One-Hybrid PAKISTAN) decrease of the net photosynthesis rate. Since stomata-mediated BIOPHYSICS, UNIVERITY WUERZBURG, GERMANY), DIETMAR System. Our results may reveal the part of the mechanism of GEIGER (MOLECULAR PLANT BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS, water loss through transpiration is inherent in the need of C3 plants barley response to drought which is dependent on HvABI5 action. [email protected] UNIVERITY WUERZBURG, GERMANY) to capture CO2 , simultaneous increase of photosynthesis and water- T h i s work wa s suppor ted by Nat iona l Sc ie nce Ce nte r Pola nd , projec t use efficiency is of great relevance to achieve a sustainable increase 2017/25/N/NZ9/01941 “The role of HvABI5 transcription factor Climate change is a global challenge that has no borders and to of C crop productivity. We will describe how chloride regulates [email protected] in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) response to drought stress”, combat, it requires coordinated work by all countries.Average global 3 water relations in plants and its impact on drought resistance. 2018-2020. tempe rat u res have r i se n eve r y decade si nce t he 1970 s, a nd t he 10 The latest major group of plants to evolve were the grasses. These As described for K+ , Cl− plays also an important role in the ABA- wa r mest yea rs on record have a l l occ u r red si nce 19 97. A g r ic u lt u ra l became important in the mid-Paleogene about 40 million years ago. dependent root osmotic regulation, which is required to stimulate production is susceptible to weather and climate.The impacts of D u r i ng evolut ion lea f CO uptake and transpirational water loss were root growth under water deficit conditions. Anion channels 2 climate change are already responsible for killing an estimated optimized by the acquisition of grass specific stomatal complexes. involved in net Cl− uptake and root-to-shoot anion translocation 315,000 people every year and damaging ecosystems. And this is In contrast to the kidney-shaped guard cells typical of the dicots P6.16 UNDERSTANDING have been identified. We will discuss also how environmental ju st t he beg i n n i ng – t he sc ience pred ic t s t hat a ny t h i ng more t ha n such as Arabidopsis, in the grasses and agronomically important PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL conditions regulate Cl− uptake, long-distance transport and Cl− vs a 2°C r i se i n g loba l tempe rat u res put s u s on t he road to potent ia l ly cereals, the guard cells are dumbbell-shaped and are associated with NO − discrimination. TRAITS CONTRIBUTING TO DROUGHT catastrophic problems. There will be more flooding, more droughts, 3 morphologically distinct subsidiary cells. We studied the molecular TOLERANCE IN BARLEY AND more disease, more famine and more war, creating hundreds of basis of guard cell action in the major cereal crop barley. Upon feeding millions of refugees and causing the destruction of entire ecosystems ABA to xylem sap of an intact barley leaf, stomata closed in a nitrate ASSESSMENT OF METHODS FOR DROUGHT and species. More work on abiotic stresses is needed to develop a dependent manner. This process was initiated by activation of guard TOLERANCE EVALUATION diverse germplasm. There is a need to focus on diverse food and P6.13 γ-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID (GABA) cell SL AC-ty pe anion channel currents. HvSL AC1 expressed in m i rac le c rops l i ke su n flowe r. It s oi l con si st s of poly u n sat u rated fat t y IS A PLANT SIGNALLING MOLECULE Xenopus oocytes gave rise to S-type anion currents that increased FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:45 ac id s, v ita m i n s A , D, E a nd K , a nd phosphor u s. I n t he present st ud ies, seve ra l fold upon st i mu lat ion w it h n it rate. We ide nt i fied a ta nde m sunflower accessions were collected, and two different mutagens FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 12:00 a m i no ac id residue mot i f t hat w it h i n t he SL AC1 c ha n nels d i ffe rs LANA SHABALA (UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA), (UV and Colchicine) were used to induce the mutation. Mutated seeds fundamentally between monocots and dicots. Our work reveals MD HASANUZZAMAN (UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA), we re sow n i n t he field for t he eva luat ion a nd a compa r i son w it h non- MATTHEW GILLIHAM (UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA), a marked difference between monocot and dicot guard cells and MEIXUE ZHOU (UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA), mutated seeds. Complete character profiling was done, and a mutated BO XU (UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA), YU LONG prompts questions into the selective pressures during evolution SERGEY SHABALA (UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA) library was developed. Selection of promising accessions was done (UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA) that resulted in fundamental changes in the regulation of on the basis of biometrical approaches and they are recommended SLAC1 function. [email protected] for the development to feed the population. [email protected] D roug ht st ress i s a major l i m it i ng fac tor for c rop produc t ion i n t he The non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been arid and semi-arid regions and plant breeders are in the need for a proposed to be an ancient messenger for cellular communication P6.15 THE ROLE OF BARLEY convenient, reproducible and rapid screening methods to be used as P6.12 THE ROLE OF CHLORIDE conser ved across k ingdoms. GA BA has well-defi ned signalling ABI5 TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR a prox y for d roug ht tole ra nce for a la rge nu mbe r of ge not y pes. E ig ht y HOMEOSTASIS ON PLANT DROUGHT roles in animals; however, whilst GABA accumulates in plant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes from different geographical tissues under stress, and can regulate plant tissue growth, it has IN DROUGHT RESPONSE locations contrasting in drought stress tolerance have been screened RESISTANCE not been determined if, how and when GABA acts as an endogenous for a range of physiological and agronomical indices in glasshouse plant signalling molecule. Here, we establish that endogenous FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:30 trails. Barley seedlings were gradually brought to severe drought FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 11:30 GABA is a bona fideplant signal by demonstrating it antagonises by withholding irrigation for 30 days under glasshouse conditions stomatal movements in response to opening and closing stimuli, ANNA COLLIN (DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS, UNIVERSITY OF and the drought tolerance scored based on the degree of the leaf JOSE M COLMENERO-FLORES (INSTITUTO DE RECURSOS and modulates plant gas exchange through the direct inhibition SILESIA IN KATOWICE, POLAND), AGATA DASZKOWSKA-GOLEC wilting, fresh and dry biomass and relative water content. These NATURALES Y AGROBIOLOGÍA (CSIC), SPAIN), JUAN D of plasma membrane and tonoplast-localised anion transporters (DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS, UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA IN characteristics were related to stomatal conductance, stomatal FRANCO-NAVARRO (INSTITUTO DE RECURSOS NATURALES within stomatal guard cells. Furthermore, we show that GABA KATOWICE, POLAND), IWONA SZAREJKO (DEPARTMENT OF density, residual transpiration and leaf sap Na, K, Cl contents Y AGROBIOLOGÍA (CSIC), SPAIN), PALOMA CUBERO-FONT production within guard cells is necessary and sufficient to GENETICS, UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA IN KATOWICE, POLAND) measured in control (irrigated) plants. Our results suggest that (INSTITUTO DE RECURSOS NATURALES Y AGROBIOLOGÍA influence stomatal aperture by restoring drought tolerance to drought tolerant genotypes have lower stomatal conductance, and (CSIC), SPAIN), MIGUEL A ROSALES (INSTITUTO DE RECURSOS mutant plants with reduced GABA synthesis through stomatal [email protected] lower water content, Na+ , K+ , and Cl- contents in their tissue under NATURALES Y AGROBIOLOGÍA (CSIC), SPAIN), TOBIAS specific genetic complementation, but not through mesophyll- control conditions than the drought sensitive ones. In a follow-up MAIERHOFER (INSTITUTE FOR MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY spec i fic comple me ntat ion . We show t hat G A BA cont rol of stomata l ABA INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5) is a basic leucine zipper (bZIP) work, we assessed various screening methods for their suitability AND BIOPHYSICS (UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG), GERMANY), movement is widely conserved across plant families including transcription factor which regulates expression of stress-responsive to breeders for rapid and reliable evaluation of drought tolerance in DIETMAR GEIGER (INSTITUTE FOR MOLECULAR PLANT valuable dicot and monocot crops. Our findings demonstrate that genes in ABA-dependent way. We identified a new missense different barley varieties. Six barley genotypes subjected to different PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS (UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG), GABA is a novel plant stress signalling molecule that acts via a mutation in the barley ABI5 gene using TILLING strategy. The drought treatments were evaluated by measuring transpiration GERMANY), RAINER HEDRICH (INSTITUTE FOR MOLECULAR mechanism not found in animals to fine tune plant gas exchange. hvabi5 mutant showed a higher relative water content (RWC), rate, qua nt u m y ield of PSI I (c h lorophyl l fluorescence F v/ Fm rat io), PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS (UNIVERSITY OF This discovery opens novel avenues for manipulating crop water dec rea sed photosy nt hesi s e ffic ie nc y, reduced stomata l conduc ta nce, SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, dry biomass and shoot water WÜRZBURG), GERMANY), ANTONIO DÍAZ-ESPEJO (INSTITUTO DE use and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. h ig he r flavonoid conte nt a nd d i m i n i shed e ndoge nou s A BA conte nt content. The results suggest that transpiration measurements at RECURSOS NATURALES Y AGROBIOLOGÍA (CSIC), SPAIN) compared to WT under drought stress. We performed the global the recovery stage could be the most sensitive method for separating expression analysis (Barley Agilent Microarrays) of hvabi5 contrasting genotypes. [email protected] and WT under drought and we identified 2,306 differentially e x pressed genes ( DEGs) bet ween bot h genot y pes. Wit h t he a i m At the cellular level, osmoregulatory mechanisms have been of hu nt i ng t he pote nt ia l HvA BI 5 ta rget s w it h i n t he l i st of DEGs, + − − desc r ibed by wh ic h i norga n ic ion flu xes, pa r t ic u la rly K , NO3 , Cl we performed the analysis of the DEG promoter sequences and and Na+ , play key roles in drought acclimatization responses like the we ident i fied 179 putat ive HvA BI 5 ta rget s. We f u r t he r a na ly zed rapid turgor recovery of leaf and root cells, and the stomatal closure. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 272 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 273
0R:100B% LEDs before being moved under white fluorescent lights. P6.17 COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGICAL, Pla nts were d roughted for 7 days a nd t hen i r r igated for 7 days or P6.20 ENABLING REMOTE SENSING P6.21 DESIGNER ROOTS FOR BIOCHEMICAL AND PROTEOMIC were irrigated throughout. Priming did not affect rocket or lettuce OF DROUGHT STRESS IN CROPS FUTURE WHEATS morphology, physiology, or drought tolerance. Combined exposure ANALYSIS OF TWO SORGHUM VARIETIES to red a nd blue wavele ng t h s e n ha nced lea f a rea a nd spec i fic weig ht FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:30 FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:45 IN RESPONSE TO DROUGHT STRESS a long w it h pig ment a nd flavonoid biosy nt hesi s. Roc ket d roug hted under R:B lighting, and lettuce droughted under monochromatic ANGELA C BURNETT (BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY, LEE HICKEY (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 16:00 light had lower RWC and increased membrane leakage, despite i nc rea sed A BA concent rat ion s a nd a nt iox ida nt ac t iv it y. Roc ket UNITED STATES), SHAWN P SERBIN (BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL KAI VOSS-FELS (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, LABORATORY, UNITED STATES), KENNETH DAVIDSON AUSTRALIA), CECILE RICHARD (THE UNIVERSITY OF RUDO NGARA (UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE, SOUTH AFRICA), and lettuce exposed to combined R:B lighting before drought had (BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY, UNITED STATES), QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), JACK CHRISTOPHER (THE TATENDA GOCHE (UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE, SOUTH greater plant fresh weight. Increased concentrations of antioxidant KIM ELY (BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY, UNITED UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), ANGÉLA JUHÁSZ AFRICA), STEPHEN CHIVASA (DURHAM UNIVERSITY, metabolites did not consistently correlate with tolerance to drought. STATES), ALISTAIR ROGERS (BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL (MURDOCH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), INDEEWARI DISSANAYAKE UNITED KINGDOM) Combi ned R :B l ig ht t reat ment s i nc rea sed stomata l den sit y i n bot h pla nt s. A l l L E D reg i mes wh ic h i nc rea sed stomata l ape r t u re a rea LABORATORY, UNITED STATES) (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), MILOS TANURDZIC (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), [email protected] per unit leaf area (AALA) resulted in decreased RWC at the end of [email protected] drought. AALA was negatively correlated with end-drought RWC GABRIEL KEEBLE-GAGNERE (DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC Drought stress limits crop productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. (R2 = -0.80) in rocket, but not in lettuce. The relationship between DEVELOPMENT JOBS TRANSPORT AND RESOURCES, AUSTRALIA), D roug ht i s a major e nv i ron me nta l c ha l le nge faced by people a nd With the global climatic change, increasingly more severe drought stomata l developme nt a nd a nt iox ida nt ac t iv it y on d roug ht tole ra nce RUDI APPELS (DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT JOBS plants, and is predicted to increase throughout this century. One episodes are predicted to occur. As such, there is need to develop was species-specific. Despite the benefits of growing leafy greens TRANSPORT AND RESOURCES, AUSTRALIA), JOSQUIN TIBBITS a spec t of fig ht i ng for food sec u r it y i n t he face of d roug ht i nvolves drought-tolerant crops for the changing environments. Sorghum, under LED lights, growers must consider vulnerability to drought (DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT JOBS TRANSPORT physiological breeding – the use of measurements of photosynthesis a naturally drought-tolerant cereal, with a wide genetic diversity under such conditions. AND RESOURCES, AUSTRALIA) a nd wate r u se e ffic ie nc y to eva luate t ra it s for d roug ht resi l ie nce. and a fully sequenced genome is a good model system for use in However, such measurements are traditionally time-consuming [email protected] understanding plant responses to water deficits. In this study, and low-throughput. Remote sensing of vegetation, in contrast, is two sorghum varieties with contrasting phenotypic traits to rapid and high-throughput, thereby facilitating screening for plant I n 2018, wheat fa r me rs i n Au st ra l ia a nd Eu rope e x pe r ie nced major drought were used to investigate the physiological, biochemical P6.19 PHENOTYPING WHEAT TRIALS breeding amongst other applications. Our research investigates yield losses due to severe and widespread drought and heat stress. a nd molec u la r c ha nges i n respon se to wate r de fic it s. Physiolog ica l FOR CANOPY TEMPERATURE USING the relationship between physiological and biochemical indicators Improving the root systems of future wheat cultivars could enhance and growth measurements of the plants subjected to drought of drought stress, and spectral signatures collected using remote the ability of crops to capture water from deep soil layers, thereby st ress a nd du r i ng recove r y revea led st r i k i ng d i ffe re nces bet wee n DRONES AND THERMAL IMAGERY sensing, in order to establish correlations so that remote sensing minimizing or avoiding stress. Furthermore, with increasing the two sorghum varieties. The leaf relative water content, may be u sed to mon itor d roug ht st ress a nd wate r u se e ffic ie nc y. I n pressure to reduce inputs such as chemical fertilizers, mechanisms leaf and root biomass/length and chlorophyll content were FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:00 this drought experiment, plants of Helianthus annuus (sunflower), for improved nutrient-use efficiency are required. Thus, to enable protected in the drought-tolerant variety, while the susceptible Sorghum bicolor (sorghum), Raphanus sativus (radish), Populus targeted genetic manipulation of modern wheat varieties, the va r iet y wa s adve rsely a ffec ted du r i ng st ress a nd fa i led to recove r MALCOLM J HAWKESFORD (ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH, UNITED canadensis (poplar), Cucurbita pepo (zucchini) and Capsicum annuum discovery of key loci underpinning root development and response after re-watering. Furthermore, the drought-tolerant variety KINGDOM), ANDREW RICHE (ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH, UNITED (bell pepper) were grown in a glasshouse and exposed to a complete to nutrients is a high priority for research and pre-breeding programs accumulated much higher levels of proline and glycine betaine for KINGDOM), MARCH CASTLE (ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH, UNITED dry-down. Gas exchange measurements, leaf-level spectroscopy, worldwide. In this seminar, we highlight how the wheat reference use as osmoprotectants in both leaves and roots compared to the KINGDOM), ADAM MICHALSKI (WROCŁAW UNIVERSITY OF and harvesting for biochemical analysis were performed regularly sequence and the application of new genomic visualization tools (e.g. susceptible variety. Subsequent analysis of the root proteome using ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIFE SCIENCES, POLAND), SIMON throughout soil dry-down and plant senescence. Initial results Pretzel) are accelerating our efforts to identify key genes involved isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation also revealed GRIFFITHS (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM), CLARE suggest a promising correlation between remote sensing and in nutrient and root development pathways. We hope this work will d i st i nc t profi les of st ress respon sive protei n s i n t he t wo sorg hu m LISTER (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM) traditional measurements, and show an earlier detection of drought soon empower wheat breeders to deploy future wheat varieties with varieties. Quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction of a st ress by spec t roscopy compa red to ga s e xc ha nge. I mprovement of i mproved nut r ie nt-u se e ffic ie nc y a nd desig ne r root syste ms. few target drought-responsive genes also revealed both tissue and [email protected] remote sensing for physiological traits linked to drought stress will va r ieta l spec i fic e x pressiona l d i ffe re nces. O ve ra l l, t he c u r re nt st udy be instrumental in developing physiological breeding for resilient has generated a knowledge base on mechanisms that are utilized by Canopy temperature is depressed by high transpiration rates which crops in a thirsty world. sorghum plants in drought stress adaptation. in turn is dependent on the water availability to the crop. Water ava i labi l it y i s d i rec t ly depe nde nt on t he soi l wate r profi le but access P6.22 THE EFFECT OF CLIMATE by t he c rop i n flue nced by root i ng dept h a nd ac t iv it y. G rou nd-ba sed CHANGE ON ANIMALS measurement of canopy temperature using IR sensors is feasible, but P6.18 LED LIGHTING, BUT NOT SEED the time taken to cover a large number of plots in a trial is problematic THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION PRIMING, ENHANCES GROWTH AND as ambient temperatures can very rapidly during the day. A solution DROUGHT SENSITIVITY IN LETTUCE i s to u se a n i mage -ba sed approac h , capt u r i ng deta i l of a n e nt i re field SEGUN B MICHAEL (GLOBAL NETWORK FOR SUSTAINABLE trial from an aerial perspective. Thermal video was captured using DEVELOPMENT, UNITED STATES) (LACTUCA SATIVA) AND ROCKET a radiometrically calibrated camera mounted on a multirotor drone, (ERUCA SATIVA) SEEDLINGS fly i ng at 50 m a lt it ude, a nd ove r 20 0 i mages e x t rac ted pe r fl ig ht. T he [email protected] images were corrected for vignetting and then ortho-mosaiced. Ground control points suitable for recognition in thermal images The challenge of climate change in continents of the world in the FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 16:45 we re placed i n t he e x pe r i me nt to e nable prec i se geolocat ion of t he 21st century cannot be wished away. In Northern Nigeria and the ortho photo. The approach has been validated using a wheat Paragon Sa hel Reg ion of A f r ica, dese r t i ficat ion a nd d roug ht have resu lted JOSHUA D KLEIN (VOLCANI CENTER, ISRAEL), x Garcia mapping population segregating for drought resistance. The in the shrinkage of animals in terms of losing wealth which mostly DANNY GINZBURG (VOLCANI CENTER, ISRAEL) population was grown with and without irrigation at Church Farm, lead to death. In Northern Nigeria, herders are forced to migrate in Nor fol k , U K , i n successive yea rs. Substa nt ia l d i ffe re nces i n ca nopy search of pasture and water to feed their cows due to drought mainly [email protected] te mpe rat u re we re ide nt i fied depe nde nt on i r r igat ion stat u s, t i me of as a result of the shrinkage of the Lake Chad Basin which serves as a day and genotype and QTL were mapped. means of irrigation and source of water to farmers during the planting Seed priming and LED lighting increase concentrations of sea son . A major cont r ibut i ng fac tor to dese r t i ficat ion a nd d roug ht nutritionally-valuable metabolites in plants. Morphological and from climate change in Nigeria is the indiscriminate felling of trees physiological bases of drought tolerance were explored in rocket and used for cooking which release immense carbon monoxide into the lettuce seedlings resulting from priming with homobrassinolide, atmosphere that further deplete the ozone layer. The loss of weight prohydrojasmon, or carvacrol and subsequent exposure of seedlings in animals which most times lead to death is huge economic loss to to different ratios of red and blue light. Seedlings were grown under people in the rural areas of Nigeria whose major source of income wh ite (cont rol), 10 0R :0B%, 75R :25B%, 50R :50B%, 25R :75B%, or ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 274 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 275
i s ag r ic u lt u re. T he e ffec t of c l i mate c ha nge i s deva stat i ng due to genotypes – with a focus on pollen viability, pollen germination, increase in temperature combined with a decrease in rainfall which P6.24 EFFECTS OF PHYSIOLOGY ON ovule development and final seed yield. The knowledge gained P6.27 A MAJOR ROOT ARCHITECTURE lead to increase water stress for vegetation and severity of droughts. THREE EDAMAME CULTIVARS UNDER will help to address the delivery of more robust oilseed rape QTL AFFECTING RESPONSE TO WATER A wa r me r c l i mate ( g loba l wa r m i ng ) a ffec t produc t iv it y of a n i ma ls lines to combat environmental stress losses by targeting robust a nd a l so lead to nat u ra l d i sa ste rs suc h a s w i ld fi re e x pe r ie nced i n some DROUGHT STRESS fertility under changing environments. GWAS analysis will be LIMITATION IN DURUM WHEAT continents of the world. The actualization of the United Nations used to provide candidate genes for future breeding programs to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 13: Climate Action is very THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION ge net ica l ly m it igate t he pote nt ia l ly delete r iou s e ffec t s of f ut u re WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION important to overcome the challenge of climate change. climate scenarios. CHUNG-TSE CHEN (GRADUATE INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY, LEE HICKEY (LEE HICKEY, AUSTRALIA), K HASSOUNI NATIONAL CHUNG HSING UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN), YU-SIAN (INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH WU (DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, NATIONAL CHUNG HSING IN THE DRY AREAS, MOROCCO), F BASSI (INTERNATIONAL P6.23 EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITY UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN), CHUN-TANG LU (CROP SCIENCE P6.26 CHLORIDE AT MACRONUTRIENT CENTRE FOR THE AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE DRY AREAS, OF WATER-STRESS AS RESOURCE: THE DIVISION, TAIWAN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE, LEVELS INCREASES DROUGHT MOROCCO), E DINGLASAN (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, TAIWAN), CHIN-YING YANG (DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, AUSTRALIA), C YOUSSEF (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, CASE OF DIFFERENT TOMATO GENOTYPES NATIONAL CHUNG HSING UNIVERSITY, TAIWAN) RESISTANCE BY IMPROVING WATER AUSTRALIA), G QUARRY (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, BALANCE AND WATER-USE EFFICIENCY AUSTRALIA), A AKSOY (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION [email protected] AUSTRALIA), E MAZZUCOTELLI (GENOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE, ITALY), A JUHÁSZ (MURDOCH UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), Edamame (Glycine max L.) is a crop of economic importance with THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION ERMENEGILDA VITALE (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY J ABLE (THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, AUSTRALIA), J h ig h nut r it iou s va lue. Eda ma me bea n s a re a good sou rce of protei n FEDERICO II OF NAPLES, ITALY), CARMEN ARENA (DEPARTMENT CHRISTOPHER (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), and nutritious elements. Kaohsiung No. 9 (KH9), Kaohsiung No. MIGUEL A ROSALES (CSIC, SPAIN), JUAN D FRANCO-NAVARRO OF BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY FEDERICO II OF NAPLES, ITALY), K VOSS-FELS (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), 11 (KH11) and Xiang-Ji (XJ) are three major edamame cultivars (CSIC, SPAIN), PABLO DÍAZ-RUEDA (CSIC, SPAIN), CARLOS MARIA MANUELA RIGANO (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL S ALAHMAD (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA) in Taiwan. KH9 is the most popular cultivar in Taiwan and has RIVERO (CSIC, SPAIN), JAVIER BRUMÓS (IVIA, SPAIN), SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY FEDERICO II OF NAPLES, ITALY), the longest growth duration and highest yield among these three ALFREDO RUBIO-CASAL (UNIVERSITY OF SEVILLE, SPAIN), AMALIA BARONE (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, [email protected] cultivars. In contrast to the other two cultivars, XJ is a cultivar ALFONSO DE CIRES (UNIVERSITY OF SEVILLE, SPAIN), JOSÉ M UNIVERSITY FEDERICO II OF NAPLES, ITALY), ANTONIO of Japanese origin and has a smaller phenotype, shorter growth COLMENERO-FLORES (CSIC, SPAIN) The optimal root system architecture (RSA) of a crop is context DI MATTEO (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, du rat ion a nd u n ique a romat ic ta ro flavor to it s bea n s. Rece nt st ud ies dependent and critical for efficient resource capture in the soil. UNIVERSITY FEDERICO II OF NAPLES, ITALY), CARMEN ARENA have shown that edamame has indispensable water requirements [email protected] Narrow root growth angle promoting deeper root growth is often (DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY FEDERICO II OF in all developmental stages, especially from blooming through pod associated with improved access to water and nutrients in deep soils NAPLES, ITALY) Chloride (Cl-) has been recently described as a beneficial filling stages. Insufficient irrigation causes aborted blossoms, small during terminal drought. RSA, therefore is a drought-adaptive trait macronutrient in well-irrigated plants, playing specific roles in pods and shriveled beans and thus greatly reduces the production that could minimise yield losses in regions with limited rainfall. [email protected] promoting plant growth, photosynthetic performance and water- of edamame. We examined the aforementioned three cultivars He re, G WA S for se m i na l root a ng le (SR A) ide nt i fied seve n ma rke r- use efficiency (WUE). Therefore, a new research framework is under drought conditions during the blooming period. The soil trait associations clustered on chromosome 6A, representing a major Water stress is an increasing environmental constraint, especially opened in the search for adaptive mechanisms that regulate water wate r content wa s a s low a s 10 % a f te r no i r r igat ion for 10 days; a quantitative trait locus (qSRA-6A) which also displayed high levels in Mediterranean ecosystems, affecting tomato growth and yield in homeostasis and, in particular, the plant ability to withstand control sample was included for comparison. The pod numbers of pa i r w i se L D (r 2 = 0.67 ). Subseque nt haplot y pe a na lysi s revea led Mediterranean areas. The selection of new tomato genotypes more wate r de fic it . D roug ht i s now recog n i zed a s t he abiot ic st ress t hat decreased in all three cultivars after the drought treatment; significant differences between major groups. Candidate gene resi sta nt to wate r de fic it a nd e n r ic hed i n a nt iox ida nt s compou nd s most i mpor ta nt ly a ffec t s g loba l c rop produc t iv it y. Unde rsta nd i ng however, the percentages of pod reduction differed between the analysis revealed loci related to gravitropism, polar growth and could represent a valuable solution to overcome the drought how plants use water for optimal biomass production has become c u lt iva rs, w it h 57%, 4.1%, a nd 37. 5% of pod s lost f rom X J, K H 9 a nd hor mona l sig na l l i ng. No d i ffe re nces we re obse r ved for root bioma ss constraint in these areas. This study investigated the physiological a fundamental issue worldwide. In this work, we aim to elucidate K H11, respec t ively, a f te r 10 days of t he d roug ht t reat ment. X J wa s between lines carrying hap1 and hap2 for qSRA-6A, highlighting the respon se a nd adaptat ion mec ha n i sm s of t wo tomato genot y pes: whether Cl- nutrition at macronutrient levels stimulates drought t he most se n sit ive c u lt iva r to d roug ht st ress a nd K H 9 wa s t he most opportunity to perform marker-assisted selection for the qSRA-6A sensitive M82 (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and tolerant IL925, to resistance and which physiological mechanisms are involved. tolerant cultivar. Our results revealed that drought tolerance differed locus and directly select for wide or narrow RSA, without influencing prolonged wate r st ress. Pla nt s of bot h ge not y pes we re subjec ted To that end, tobacco plants were treated for 30 days with three between these cultivars. root biomass. Our study revealed that the genetic predisposition for to t h ree d i ffe re nt wate r reg i mes: i r r igat ion w it h 10 0 % ( R 3), 50 % nut r it iona l t reat ment s added to t he ba sa l solut ion : C L (5 m M C l -), N deep rooting was best expressed under water-limitation yet the root ( R 2) a nd 25% ( R1) field capac it y a nd compa red for photosy nt hesi s, (5 m M n it rate), a nd SP (1. 25 m M su lphate a nd 1. 875 m M phosphate), system displayed plasticity producing root growth in response to leaf functional traits and pigment content. Moreover, fruits were containing all of them the same cationic balance. Then, plants were water availability in upper soil layers. We discuss the potential to analysed for antioxidant compounds. Our results showed that subjec ted to t wo i r r igat ion reg i mes for 20 days: cont rol (10 0 % field deploy root architectural traits in cultivars to enhance yield stability compared to M82, IL925 was more tolerant of prolonged water deficit, P6.25 EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL capacity) and moderate drought (60% field capacity). Results showed in environments that experience limited rainfall. espec ia l ly u nde r t he most l i m ited wate r reg i me R1. More spec i fica l ly, STRESS ON OILSEED RAPE that, in comparison to SP and N treatments, Cl- application (CL IL925 showed higher leaf specific mass and leaf dry matter content REPRODUCTION treatment) improved plant growth, leaf development, water balance compared to M82, traits favouring a reduced water loss by tissues parameters and WUE under drought conditions. Interestingly, as well as higher levels of polyphenols and carotenoids active N-treated plants exhibited the strongest growth reduction during WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION aga i n st PSI I ox idat ive da mages whe n photosy nt het ic capac it y i s drought, showing higher stress symptoms caused by an inefficient P6.28 THE RESURRECTION PLANT reduced . Besides u nde r seve re wate r st ress I L925 a l so e x h ibited a water use. Therefore, we propose that the abundant uptake and CRATEROSTIGMA PUMILUM REVEALS ALISON C TIDY (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, h ig he r PSI I photoc he m ica l e ffic ie nc y a ssoc iated w it h a lowe r non- accumulation of Cl- responds to an adaptive function that improves UNITED KINGDOM) IMPORTANCE OF CHLOROPLAST photochemical quenching. In this genotype prolonged severe water water relations and drought resistance in higher plants. REGULATION DURING DESICCATION st ress i nduces t he for mat ion of f r u it s r ic he r i n a nt iox ida nt s (phe nol s, [email protected] ascorbic acid, carotenoids) compared to M82, indicating how a stress fac tor ca n ac t a s a resou rce i n spec i fic tomato va r iet ies. THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION Agriculture is facing the crucial challenge of adapting crop productivity to changes in the climate; environmental stress S FRANCOIS DU TOIT (UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, du r i ng flower i ng has a d i rec t a nd negat ive i mpac t on y ield . T h is SOUTH AFRICA), JILL M FARRANT (UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, is due to pollen and ovule development being highly sensitive to SOUTH AFRICA), ZIV REICH (WEIZMANN INSTITUTE environmental stress, with reduced male and female fertility, and OF SCIENCE, ISRAEL) t he refore u lt i mate seed set . O ve r 70 m i l l ion ton s of oi l seed rape a re being produced worldwide yearly and therefore understanding [email protected] environmental sensitivity within Brassica is pivotal for optimising c rop pe r for ma nce u nde r c ha ng i ng c l i mates. T he Bna DF FS pa nel of With the progression of climate change, water for agricultural approximately 100 diverse Brassica lines grown world-wide was purposes is becoming increasingly limited, posing a threat to u sed to compa re t he e ffec t s of bot h cold a nd heat st ress on d i ffe rent global food security. Resurrection plants provide a genetic and ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 276 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 277
physiological case study for developing improved agriculture in water-limited conditions. They can survive on less than 10% of P7 GENE NETWORKS FOR their cellular water for prolonged periods and still fully recover upon rehydration. Since photosynthesis is vital for plant survival, CROP IMPROVEMENT making use of homoiochlorophyllous resurrection plants, which maintain their photosynthetic apparatus during desiccation, can reveal insights into chloroplast gene regulation during desiccation, rehydration and associated senescence. Identifying potential sites of host nuclear regulation on the chloroplast genome of Craterostigma pumilum will allow the comparison of transcription patterns of senescent and non-senescent tissues in C. pumilum. Possible break ORGANISED BY: PHILIPPA BORRILL (UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM) downs in this regulation during desiccation would suggest reasons behind desiccation-associated senescence. These insights have the AND ANDREA BRÄUTIGAM (UNIVERSITY OF BIELEFELD) potential to educate the development of plants with an increased tolerance to drought, and therefore, create more sustainable global agriculture. own or in combination, to reconstruct gene regulatory networks P 7.1 THE TRANSCRIPTIONAL in model plants and crops. However, these approaches do not REGULATION OF SENESCENCE IN WHEAT allow to separate regulatory interactions which occur in multiple conte x t f rom t hose wh ic h a re spec i fic to a conte x t. He re, we present P6.29 METABOLOMIC ANALYSIS WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 14:30 regularized regression approaches which take such constraints into OF ZYGNEMA SP. VEGETATIVE AND con side rat ion to e x t rac t conte x t-spec i fic gene -reg u lator y net work s PRE-AKINETE FIELD SAMPLES PHILIPPA BORRILL (UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM, from a recently gathered time-series transcriptomics data from UNITED KINGDOM) ma i ze. We d i sc u ss e x ten sion s of t he approac h to i nc lude genom ics FROM SVALBARD data for improved performance. [email protected] WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION Monocarpic senescence in crops is essential to enable nutrient ANDREAS HOLZINGER (UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA), remobilisation from photosynthetic tissues to the grain. This P 7.3 TRANSLATING BIOLOGICAL ERWANN ARC (UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA), ILSE process must be tightly regulated to prevent premature senescence NETWORKS FROM MODEL SPECIES TO KRANNER (UNIVERSITY OF INNSBRUCK, AUSTRIA), MARTINA adversely affecting yields, however few genes controlling CROPS THROUGH THE APPLICATION PICHRTOVÁ (CHARLES UNIVERSITY PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC) senescence have been identified in wheat. We are using a gene network modelling approach to identify novel regulatory genes OF CROSS-SPECIES SEQUENCE AND [email protected] controlling the early processes in senescence. We have generated EXPRESSION ANALYSIS an RNA-Seq time-course of ten time-points from anthesis until the Zygnema sp. is a genus of common streptophyte green algae that fi rst v i sible sig n s of flag lea f se nesce nce. To u nde rsta nd t he key ge nes WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:30 form conspicuous mats in the high Arctic. We collected field driving transcriptional changes, we used gene regulatory network samples near Longyearbyen, Svalbard with a vegetative (large modelling to identify hub genes regulating the transcriptional KLAAS VANDEPOELE (GHENT UNIVERSITY - VIB, BELGIUM), vacuoles, bright green chloroplasts), and a pre-akinete appearance processes across this time-course. Using the sequenced mutant DRIES VANEECHOUTTE (GHENT UNIVERSITY - VIB, BELGIUM) (many storage compounds, thick cell walls) and screened for populations now available for wheat, we have generated null their metabolite composition by GC-MS. The samples were also mutants in hub genes identified in the network. Preliminary [email protected] characterized by light- and transmission electron microscopy. results show that two of these hub genes have roles in monocarpic We we re able to detec t 171 compou nd s out of wh ic h 116 metabol ites senescence. Further studies are in progress to characterise Accelerated by technological innovations, genome-wide data we re successf u l ly ide nt i fied . 8 3 compou nd s showed sig n i fica nt the effects of these novel senescence regulators on nutrient desc r ibi ng f u nc t iona l prope r t ies i nc lud i ng ge ne e x pression , protei n– d i ffe re nces bet wee n t he i nvest igated g roups. Most of t he a m i no - remobilisation. The availability of new genomic resources for wheat, protei n i nte rac t ion s a nd protei n–DNA i nte rac t ion s a re becom i ng acids detected like hydroxyproline, cysteine or glutamine were such as a high-quality genome sequence and sequenced mutant available for an increasing number of model organisms. Comparative down-accumulated in the pre-akinete samples. Among the detected populations, has enabled the study of genes regulating senescence sequence analysis is a successful tool to study homologous gene free fatty acids, oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and paullinic at an unprecedented resolution. These genes may represent new fa m i l ies ( genes sha r i ng com mon a ncest r y), de fi ne gene f u nc t ion s ac id (C 20:1) we re sig n i fica nt ly up -acc u mu lated i n pre -a k i netes. breeding targets to adapt senescence to the environment and to between orthologs (homologs separated by a speciation event) and Most low-molecular-weight organic acids were down-accumulated modu late g ra i n nut r ient content wh ich is i n fluenced by t he rate ide nt i f y l i neage - a nd spec ies- spec i fic ge nes. Most a n notat ion s of in pre-akinetes. In contrast, sugars and sugar alcohols were found of senescence. newly sequenced genomes are based on similarity with sequences to be up-accumulated in pre-akinetes, particularly galactinol, for which functional information is available. However, the gentiobiose, raffinose and trehalose. Monosaccharides like rampant nature of small gene and whole-genome duplication events mannose and ribose were down-accumulated in pre-akinetes. (polyploidy) in different plant lineages poses a major challenge on In summary, substantial differences in low-molecular-weight P 7.2 CONTEXT-SPECIFIC GENE- identifying the subset of orthologs, out of all possible combination, metabolites exist between vegetative cells and pre-akinetes. REGULATORY NETWORKS IN MAIZE which are functionally conserved. Here, we present how expression Whereas vegetative cells are metabolically more active, considering conte x t con se r vat ion ( ECC), a met r ic combi n i ng gene or t holog y a nd the abundance of amino acids and low-molecular-weight organic co - e x pression i n for mat ion , ca n be u sed to ide nt i f y biolog ica l sub - acids, pre-akinetes contain more osmotically active sugars and sugar WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:00 networks conserved in different plants. Starting from a comparison alcohols, as well as storage compounds. This is helpful to surviving between Arabidopsis and rice orthologs, we report highly variable unfavorable environmental conditions like desiccation in summer ZORAN NIKOLOSKI (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR levels of ECC for different biological processes, indicating potential and freezing in winter. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY) network re-wiring. Extending this analysis towards other crops like maize and wheat, we show how comparative network analysis [email protected] ca n be u sed to t ra n slate biolog ica l net work s, to model e x pression divergence in polyploidy crops, and to identify the importance of Gene regulation, like metabolism, is dependent on the context l i neage -spec i fic ge nes i n d i ffe re nt sig na l i ng pat hways. in which it takes place--the cell type, tissue, environmental conditions, or a combination thereof. There is a plethora of computational approaches which have been employed, on their ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 278 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 279
optimal for its detection whilst avoiding false-positives. In addition P 7.4 GENETIC MANIPULATION OF ROOT to this simulation work, we also use an empirical biparental mapping P 7.7 THE REAL SOUR GRAPES – P 7.8 ATTRACTOR, A CIRCADIAN ARCHITECTURAL TRAITS IN BARLEY population of a cross between wheat varieties Avalon and Cadenza INTEGRATED QTL MAPPING WITH CLOCK TRANSCRIPTIONAL NETWORK with multiple replicates to assess how reproducible a particular (HORDEUM VULGAREL.) USING DART pattern of segregation distortion is. OMICS APPROACHES TO ELUCIDATE BASED ON CHIP-SEQ DATA UNVEILS MARKER SYSTEM MALIC ACID REGULATION ACROSS POTENTIAL GENE MODULES FOR GRAPEVINE SPECIES CROP IMPROVEMENT WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:50 P 7.6 INFLUENCE OF HEADING DATE WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:56 WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 16:30 MUHAMMAD Q FAROOQI (THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN DIFFERENCE ON GENE FLOW FROM GM AUSTRALIA, AUSTRALIA) TO NON-GM RICES NOAM RESHEF (CORNELL UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), FRANCISCO J ROMERO-CAMPERO (UNIVERSITY OF SEVILLE, ELIZABETH A. BURZYNSKI-CHANG (DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SPAIN), PEDRO DE LOS REYES (CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE [email protected] SCIENCE CORNELL UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), AVINASH INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS, SPAIN), ANA B ROMERO- WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:54 A collection of 191 barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) were grown to assess KARN (HORTICULTURE SECTION SCHOOL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT LOSADA (UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA, SPAIN), FEDERICO variability in number of root traits under an established semi- SCIENCE CORNELL UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), JASON VALVERDE (UNIVERSIDAD DE SEVILLA, SPAIN) DOHWON YUN (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL hydroponic system. A total of 26 traits were analysed, out of which LONDO (USDA-ARS GRAPE GENETICS RESEARCH UNIT, UNITED SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), SUNGDUG OH (NATIONAL 16 had sig n i fica nt ly va r ied t ra it s (coe ffic ie nt of va r iat ion C V ≥0. 25). STATES), BRUCE REISCH (HORTICULTURE SECTION SCHOOL OF [email protected] INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), Furthermore, the barley lines used in this study were genotyped INTEGRATIVE PLANT SCIENCE CORNELL UNIVERSITY, UNITED ANCHEOL CHANG (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL The circadian clock, the molecular mechanism that provides u si ng D ive rsit y A r ray Tec h nolog y ( DA rT ) protocol for t he genet ic STATES), GAVIN L. SACKS (DEPARTMENT OF FOOD SCIENCE SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), GANGSUB LEE (NATIONAL plants with the ability to sense, adapt and anticipate to 24 h day- d i ssec t ion of u nde rst ud ied root t ra it s. T he refore, t he objec t ive of CORNELL UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)) night cycles, constitute a central system in plant physiology and t h i s st udy wa s to i nvest igate e ffic ient comput i ng opt ion s to gene rate development. Relevant biological processes for crop improvement relat ion sh ip mat r i x ba sed on ma rke rs a nd root t ra it s i n for mat ion a s [email protected] [email protected] such as the biosynthesis of compounds of biotechnological interest well as their inverses. Population structure and genetic association Ma late i s a major orga n ic ac id i n t he world’s lead i ng f r u it c rops a nd (i.e. carotenoids, fatty acids and starch) are directly regulated by st ud ied we re u nde r ta ken ba sed on 159 8 8 Si l icoDA rT ma rke rs w it h Ge net ica l ly mod i fied (G M ) c rops have bee n i nc rea sed cont i nuou sly a key determinant of fruit sourness. In domesticated grapes (V. the circadian clock. Accordingly, the circadian clock has been m i ssi ng of <10 % . T he st udy revea led t hat t hese Si l icoDA rTs we re over the world and concerns about the potential risks of GM crops vinifera), malate demonstrates biphasic behavior on a per-berry intensively studied applying omics technologies, targeting the highly efficient in classifying the barley lines in groups based have a lso been i nc reasi ng. Even t houg h G M c rops have not been basis, reaching a maximum at the onset of ripening (veraison) analysis of individual genes without taking into account the complex on population structure and clustering analysis. The genetic cultivated commercially in Korea, it is necessary to develop before being degraded during maturation. Wild grapevine species interactions among them. This makes imperative the application d ive rsi ficat ion a mong l i nes wa s eva luated w it h rout i ne stat i st ics, technology for safety assesment of GM crops. In this study, we endemic to North America (e.g. V. cinerea, V. riparia) possess of integrative molecular systems biology techniques to produce principal component, linkage disequilibrium and neighbor joining i nvest igated t he i n fluence of head i ng date d i ffe rence on gene flow valuable disease and cold tolerance traits. However, many wild global and systemic views of the circadian clock from the rapidly t ree. T he pat te r n of l i n kage d i sequ i l ibr iu m showed sig n i fica nt L D from GM to non-GM rice. In the experimental design, The PAC species are known to have high malate even at sugar maturity. As a accumulating omic data freely available from databases. Network with r2 =0.24. In population structure analysis, the barley lines gene GM rice was placed in the center as a pollen donor and non- result, hybrid grape cultivars with wild Vitis background can have science has emerged as the central paradigm to achieve this goal. were distributed into two main groups based on threshold level GM rice were placed in eight directions as pollen receivers. Five e xcessive ma late conte nt a nd sou r ness due to bac kg rou nd ge net ics, In this study, we have constructed a transcriptional network of 0.8 on membrane probability. Principal component analysis pol le n receive r r ice c u lt iva rs we re Un kaw ng, Daebo, Saeg yeji n m i, decreasing suitability for winemaking and other applications. Thus, integrating ChIP-seq data produced under the same light/dark (PCA), kinship and phylogenetic relationship were performed to Nakdong, and Ilmi which had different flowering times. A total there is motivation to identify genetic markers and regulatory regime for 16 key regulators of the circadian clock in Arabidopsis, u nde rsta nd i nte r relat ion sh ip a mong mea su red root t ra it s, a nd to fi nd of 266,436, 300,237, 305,223, 273,373, and 290,759 seeds were elements responsible for high malate in wild Vitis. We studied including CCA1, LHY, TOC1, PRR5/7/9, LUX and ELF3. The nodes in an overview of similarities and differences among barley lines. The collected from Unkawng, Daebo, Saegyejinmi, Nakdong, and Ilmi, malate behavior during fruit development in wild Vitis cinerea our network are annotated with the GO terms and promoter sequence genetic characterization of barley lines based on various root traits respectively, which were planted around PAC GM rice. The GM×non- and riparia, and vinifera, and used an F1 interspecific mapping of the corresponding genes. Topological analysis and network motifs would provide the basis for improved adaptation of new germplasm GM hybrids were detected by repeated spraying of herbicide and PAT population with cinerea and vinifera background to identify new identification together with GO and DNA motifs enrichments under specific environment. i m mu nost r ip a ssay. Fi na l ly, t he hybr id s we re con fi r med by PC R QTLs associated with variation in malate levels. We observed analysis identified network subgraphs or modules that capture a na lysi s u si ng PAC ge ne spec i fic pr i me r. T he hybr id s we re fou nd i n that, compared to vinifera, wild Vitis accessions show limited t he coord i nated reg u lat ion e xe r ted by seve ra l key reg u lators ove r Nakdong which had the same heading date with PAC GM rice. The malate dissimilation, and in some cases accumulation, during com mon gene set s. T hese we re sig n i fica nt ly en r ic hed i n processes hybr id i zat ion rate wa s 0.0 0 07% at Na kdong. A l l of G M×non- G M ripening. Preliminary metabolomic analyses revealed that this of biotechnological interest and could potentially be interesting hybrids were located within 2 m distance from the PAC rice zone. P 7.5 SEGREGATION DISTORTION: modified malate behavior was accompanied by the accumulation in agro food industry. Finally, an interactive web-based software FACT OR FICTION? of several amino acids. Identified QTLs explain 31 and 16% of the tool has been developed to allow independent researchers to explore variance in malate accumulation and dissimilation, respectively. our network. WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:52 These data will be integrated with developmental transcriptomic analyses of wild genotypes and segregating progenies to detect ALEX COULTON (THE UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL, candidate genes regulating grape malate content, and develop UNITED KINGDOM) genus-wide transferable markers for breeding environmentally and economically-sustainable grapevine cultivars. [email protected]
Segregation distortion is the phenomenon in which progreny derived from a biparental cross deviate from Mendelian ratios of inheritance. This phenomenon is reported in a wide variety of crop species, including wheat, cotton, rice, chickpea and barley. In the current literature there is inconsistency in the type of statistical test used to detect segregation distortion, with some authors settling for a simple chi-square test with a p-value threshold of 0.05, others stricter thresholds, whilst others use corrections for multiple testing, including FDR (False discovery rate) and Bonferroni corrections. This is problematic, as it means that studies are not comparable, which hinders our knowledge of segregation distortion as a whole. Here we use an in silico simulation of a biparental mapping population in which we can apply selection pressure at an arbitrary locus to assess segregation distortion and evaluate which test is ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 280 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 281
conformational changes of CBP20. Studies with the use of plant cbp20 P 7.9 GROWTH-DEFENCE TRADE- P 7.1 0 RECONSTRUCTING A HORMONE and cbp80 mutants revealed the involvement of both genes in the P 7.1 3 RICE GROWING IN HIGH OFF IN WHEAT IS CONTROLLED BY A SIGNALLING PATHWAY FROM RNA metabolism and ABA-related response to drought. However, the DENSITY: HOW TO DEAL WITH molecular basis of their drought-tolerant phenotype was uncharted TRANSCRIPTIONAL MEMORY CIRCUIT TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR ACTIVITY till now. Here, we present the detailed investigation of cbp20 mutants UNWANTED NEIGHBOURS? TO PHENOTYPIC OUTPUTS in Arabidopsis and barley that revealed a possible mechanism of WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 16:50 C BP20 - dependent gene e x pression t u n i ng u nde r d roug ht. A deep WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:52 WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:10 e xa m i nat ion of m i R NAome a nd t ra n sc r iptome ( R NA-seq) combi ned CORINA VLOT (HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM MUENCHEN INSTITUTE OF with the analyses of publicly available transcriptomic data allowed MARTINA HUBER (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), BIOCHEMICAL PLANT PATHOLOGY, GERMANY), DANIEL LANG MATHEW G LEWSEY (LA TROBE UNIVERSITY, AUSTRALIA), us to (i) pinpoint the subset of genes responding to drought in CBP20- ABDELBAGI ISMAIL (INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH (HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM MUENCHEN RESEARCH UNIT PLANT MARK ZANDER (SALK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGICAL STUDIES, dependent manner and (ii) determine evolutionarily conserved INSTITUTE, PHILIPPINES), RASHMI SASIDHARAN (UTRECHT GENOMES AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, GERMANY), SANJUKTA DEY UNITED STATES), JOSEPH R ECKER (SALK INSTITUTE FOR pa r t of t hat pat hway i n pla nt s. Moreove r, we we re able to de fi ne t he UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), KAISA KAJALA (UTRECHT (HELMHOLTZ ZENTRUM MUENCHEN INSTITUTE OF BIOCHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL STUDIES HOWARD HUGHES MEDICAL INSTITUTE, interactions between the processes controlled by CBP20 (such as UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), RONALD PIERIK (UTRECHT PLANT PATHOLOGY, GERMANY), KLAUS FX MAYER (HELMHOLTZ UNITED STATES), SHAO-SHAN CAROL HUANG (NEW YORK spl ic i ng, m i R NA bioge nesi s) a nd e x pression reg u lat ion of seve ra l UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS) ZENTRUM MUENCHEN RESEARCH UNIT PLANT GENOMES AND UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), RONAN O'MALLEY (DOE JOINT loci involved in stress response. Furthermore, their changed SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, GERMANY) GENOME INSTITUTE, UNITED STATES), MINGTANG XIE (CIBUS, expression was linked to drought tolerance of the mutants studied. [email protected] Summarizing, here we provide the first attempt of understanding UNITED STATES), SHELLY TRIGG (UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, How do you cope with competition against neighbours if you cannot [email protected] the role of CBC under drought stress at the molecular level in plants. UNITED STATES), SIDDHARTHA JAIN (CARNEGIE MELLON r u n away? How does a r ice pla nt i n t he field fig ht aga i n st t he weed s Innate immune memory provides systemic broad-spectrum disease UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), ROBERTO SOLANO (CENTRO g row i ng ne x t to it? I n mode r n r ice fa r m i ng t he major con st ra i nt i s t he resi sta nce i n a n i ma l s a nd pla nt s. I n t h i s process, fit ness cost s a re NACIONAL DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA-CSIC, SPAIN), ZIV BAR-JOSEPH weeds. Since rice feeds more than half of the worlds population as a reduced by as yet poorly understood priming mechanisms. Here, (CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) staple food, tackling this issue is of great relevance. The main goals of we address the question how wheat (Triticum aestivum) balances P 7.1 2 ANALYSIS OF GENETIC this project are: First, to explore the plethora of existing different rice growth and defence. Employing a multi-scale modeling approach, [email protected] VARIABILITY USING SALT varieties, to find relevant aspects of the plant architecture that make we recon st r uc ted ge ne reg u lator y net work s a nd d i scove red five We have investigated the genome regulatory program that controls TOLERANT MUTANTS SELECTED rice more competitive against weeds. For this, we phenotyped arice stimulus-specific response meta-modules that act in concert to responses to the hormone jasmonate in etiolated seedlings. IN MUTAGENIZED MAIZE diversity panel of 344 varieties for traits associated with shading. balance the growth-defence trade-off in wheat systemic immunity. There is much interest currently in understanding the systems- Second, connect the phenotypetoits underlying genes. The genomes These co-expression modules displayed specific response profiles level actions of transcription factors. However, such studies can of the screened population of rice varieties are already known, which and harbored a recurring, functional dichotomy balancing between provide greater biological insight if set in the context of the signal WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:50 enables us to perform a genome-wide association study. The next primary metabolism and defence processes. The balancing action transduction pathway that initiates gene expression changes and step is the transcriptomeanalysis of contrasting varieties upon was achieved by a transition between two alternate regulatory the downstream organismal phenotypes they control. We have DOOL YI KIM (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CROP SCIENCE, RNA sequencing. The identification of the genetic basis will provide patterns occurring after two consecutive physiological events. First, conducted an integrated analysis of the response to jasmonate, KOREA (SOUTH)), KYUNG HWA KIM (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF a better understanding of the interplay of gene regulation and gene innate immune memory was induced by infecting leaves of 3-week- spanning from signal perception and transduction, through CROP SCIENCE, KOREA (SOUTH)), CHUL OH CHO (NATIONAL expression, leading to a plasticity in plant architecture due to old plants with Pseudomonas syringae. This led to transient, broad- activity of master and secondary-regulatory transcription factors, INSTITUTE OF CROP SCIENCE, KOREA (SOUTH)), MAN SOO CHOI neighbour competition for light. To get a holistic picture, a functional scale on/off switches in the response of defined meta-modules to this to c h romat i n re model l i ng a nd ge ne e x pression out put s. We ma ke u se (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CROP SCIENCE, KOREA (SOUTH)), validation of the selected varieties carrying the candidate genes primary stimulus. In stage 2 of the experiments systemic uninfected of genome-wide target maps for hundreds of transcription factors, JAE BUHM CHUN (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CROP SCIENCE, w i l l be tested i n t he field . U lt i mately, t hese fi nd i ngs w i l l prov ide leaves were infected with Xanthomonas translucens. The primary dynamic histone modification analysis, massively multiplexed KOREA (SOUTH)), MI SUK SEO (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF i n sig ht s about ge net ic loc i a nd how t hey reg u late spec i fic a spec t s stimulus reduced the susceptibility of the plants to X. translucens. protein-protein interactome data and time series transcriptome CROP SCIENCE, KOREA (SOUTH)), NAM HEE JEONG (NATIONAL of plant architecture due to competition with weed for light. It will The implementation of this primed immunity correlated with bi- analysis. This enables us to predict previously unknown components INSTITUTE OF CROP SCIENCE, KOREA (SOUTH)), MI NA JIN help to reduce the amount of herbicide usage and enable us to make stable toggle switches within the defence-associated meta-module, of the jasmonate regulatory mechanism and validate them (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CROP SCIENCE, KOREA (SOUTH)) rice-farming more sustainable. wh ic h v ia i nte r-modu la r i nte rac t ion s a ffec ted at lea st t wo ot he r through targeted mutant studies. The result is a comprehensive meta-modules associated with primary metabolism and growth. understanding of how a plant hormone remodels cellular function [email protected] Reciprocal negative regulatory interactions between these meta- and plant behaviour. The ma ize was mutagen ized w it h et hyl met ha ne su lfate ( EM S) modules provided strong bifurcation between two metabolic to enhance its genetic variability including disease resistance, P 7.1 4 EXAMINING THE PLASTICITY states that allow wheat to balance growth and defence-associated abiotic stress, and yielding ability. The two maize inbred lines OF GENE REGULATORY NETWORKS processes. The gene regulatory network within the defence meta- we re t reated w it h 0. 3%, 0. 5%, 0.7%, a nd 0. 9 % E M S respec t ively module provided insights into defined transcription factors that TO IMPROVE CROP TOLERANCE TO P 7.1 1 PLANT CBP20 (CAP-BINDING for 8 hours. The results of phenotyping analysis of mutagenized might act as central switches to secure both growth and defence TEMPERATURE STRESS PROTEIN 20) INVOLVEMENT IN maize population under each treatment condition that had not and will be discussed. DROUGHT STRESS –THE PART OF A obta i ned t he M 2 ge ne rat ion seed s f rom cond it ion t reated w it h 0.7% COMPLEX JIGSAW HAS BEEN SOLVED a nd 0. 9 % E M S(v/v) for 8 hou rs. O t he r w i se, ove r t he cou rse of eig ht THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:00 hou rs, 0. 5 % E M S(v/v) - t reated cond it ion s showed a va r iat ion i n COLLEEN DOHERTY (NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY) phenotype, but we were able to obtained the M2 generation seed that WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:30 was mutated to analyze the concentration of salt. A total of 1041 [email protected] independent M2 fa m i l ia r of E M S-i nduced ma ize i nbred muta nts AGATA DASZKOWSKA-GOLEC (UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA have been investigated for salt tolerance. We selected salt-tolerant The construction of a descriptive stress-response regulatory IN KATOWICE, POLAND), ANNA COLLIN (UNIVERSITY ma i ze i nbred l i nes f rom muta nt s popu lat ion s t reated w it h 0.7% NaC l network can enable both the prediction of activity in novel OF SILESIA IN KATOWICE, POLAND), IWONA SZAREJKO in a greenhouse for three weeks. The salt-tolerant mutation was cond it ion s a nd t he ident i ficat ion of ca nd idate ta rget s to i mprove (UNIVERSITY OF SILESIA IN KATOWICE, POLAND) ide nt i fied i n t he M mutant populations. Furthermore, our RT-PCR 2 st ress respon ses. Yet t he respon ses to abiot ic st resses suc h a s heat a re result demonstrated that increased in the expression levels of genes both dynamic and plastic; the network wiring between regulators [email protected] related to salt stress. We generated whole-genome sequencing data and targets is sensitive to both intrinsic factors and environmental to the two maize inbred mutants for gene variations in the enhanced CBC (Cap Binding Complex) consisting of two subunits – CBP20 conditions. We take advantage of both the temporal dynamics salt-tolerant population. We expect the results to have a significant (Cap Bi nd i ng P rotei n 20) a nd C BP8 0 wa s ide nt i fied ove r 20 yea rs and plasticity of the transcriptional networks to investigate the e ffec t on t he ge net ic mod i ficat ion of muta nt ma i ze i nbred l i nes a nd ago in HeLa cells on the basis of its affinity to7 mG cap structure at mechanisms of how warmer nighttime temperatures impact growth comparative genetics. t he 5’ end of m R NA . T he rea f te r, C BPs we re ident i fied i n d i ffe rent and yield in rice. The molecular responses to warmer nighttime species including yeast, animals, and plants. CBP20 encodes a tempe rat u res a re ident i fied by sepa rat i ng t he tempora l reg u lator y small subunit of CBC that directly binds the cap, however, actual networks that persist and those that are altered under this stress. binding requires the presence of the CBP80 responsible for the We identify the candidate regulators that mediate this plasticity. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 282 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 283
Identifying regulatory relationships that are plastic can guide from our networks. Crucially many of these key regulators were not The map contained 12 linkage groups with a total linkage distance breed i ng e ffor t s a nd prov ide robu st ta rget s for i mprov i ng st ress previously known to affect susceptibility to plant pathogens. We P 7.1 8 THE WHEAT NAC TRANSCRIPTION of 2,320.2 cM. QTL analysis using a composite interval mapping tole ra nce. O u r pe r t u rbat ion-ba sed a na lysi s ide nt i fies ca nd idates have applied this time series-based network analysis gene discovery FACTOR NAC-3 IS A POSITIVE (CIM) method revealed six QTLs including Bwr6w-12.1, Bwr6w-9.1, for breeding and provides insights into the mechanisms of warm strategy to lettuce to predict genes conferring disease resistance Bwr6w-8.1, Bwr5w-9.2, Bwr5w-7.1, and Bwr5w-10.2, which showed nighttime temperature sensitivity in rice. against two fungal pathogens, Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia REGULATOR OF SENESCENCE R2 va lues of 2 . 9 8, 11. 57, 8. 39, 17. 51, 4 .69, a nd 13.10 %, respec t ively. sclerotiorum, and speed up the breeding of these traits. Dual This information will be helpful to develop molecular markers linked RNAseq time series enabled us to capture temporal transcriptome THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:30 to the QTLs and to improve bacterial wilt resistance in pepper. changes in both host and pathogen to investigate the how the lettuce P 7.1 5 SYSTEMATIC DISCOVERY defence response against these two pathogens is regulated, probe SOPHIE A HARRINGTON (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED OF GENE REGULATORY ELEMENTS the molecular basis of plant-pathogen interaction and predict KINGDOM), ANNA E BACKHAUS (JOHN INNES CENTRE, USING CHROMATIN STRUCTURE IN key regulators of virulence in the pathogens and resistance in the UNITED KINGDOM), PHILIPPA BORRILL (UNIVERSITY OF P 7.2 0 TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS crop plant. BIRMINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), CRISTOBAL UAUY REGULATING ANTHOCYANIN PLANT GENOMES (JOHN INNES CENTRE, UNITED KINGDOM) BIOSYNTHESIS IN CHRYSANTHEMUM [email protected] THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 09:30 THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION P 7.1 7 INTEGRATIVE MODELING P rotei n a nd nut r ient content i n wheat g ra i n s i s h ig h ly i n fluenced by BOB SCHMITZ (UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, UNITED STATES) AND VISUALIZATION FOR THE the timing of senescence, yet we understand relatively little about SUN-HYUNG LIM (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL the regulation of this complex trait. NAC transcription factors DEVELOPMENT OF IN SILICO CROPS SCIENCE, KOREA (SOUTH)), BO-RA PARK (NATIONAL INSTITUTE [email protected] (TF) (e.g. NAM-1, Uauy et al. 2006) have been shown to regulate OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, KOREA (SOUTH)), DA-HYE monocarpic senescence in wheat and provide a useful entry point for Significant progress has been made in recent years in plant THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:00 KIM (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, understanding these processes. We have identified a NAC TF,NAC-3 , genome assembly and gene annotation. However, the systematic KOREA (SOUTH)), SANGKYU PARK (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF which is upregulated in senescing flag leaves (Ramírez-Gonzálezet identification of plant cis-regulatory DNA elements remains a AMY MARSHALL-COLON (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA- AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, KOREA (SOUTH)), JONG-YEOL LEE al. 2018; Borrill et al. 2018). NAC-3 double mutants from the tetraploid challenge, as methods that are highly effective in animals do not CHAMPAIGN DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOLOGY, UNITED STATES), (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE, T I L L I NG popu lat ion e x h ibit delayed se nesce nce w it h respec t to w i ld- translate to plants. A comprehensive and well-curated data set of KAVYA KANNAN (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA-CHAMPAIGN KOREA (SOUTH)) type plants. Intriguingly, we have shown that the NAM-1 and NAC-3 plant cis-regulatory DNA elements is instrumental to understanding DEPARTMENT OF PLANT BIOLOGY, UNITED STATES), YU WANG proteins interact, suggesting they may work together to regulate transcriptional regulation during development and/or in response (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA-CHAMPAIGN INSTITUTE [email protected] senescence. To investigate whether they work on the same pathway, to external stimuli. In addition, cis-regulatory DNA elements are FOR GENOMIC BIOLOGY, UNITED STATES), MEAGAN LANG we used Genie3 transcriptional networks to identify putative shared Chrysanthemum plants are one of popular ornamental plants with also hotspots for genetic variations underlying key agronomical (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA-CHAMPAIGN NATIONAL downstream targets (Ramírez-González et al. 2018). The utility of various ranging from yellow to purple flower due to the accumulation t ra it s. We have d i scove red a pla nt-spec i fic c h romat i n sig nat u re CENTER FOR SUPERCOMPUTING APPLICATIONS, UNITED the Genie3 predictions was first validated using publicly-available, of anthocyanins. The MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) complex activates that is indicative of cis-reg ulator y DNA elements. We are using STATES), GHANA CHALLA (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA- independent RNA-Seq data from TILLING knock-out lines of the anthocyanin biosynthesis through the transcriptional regulation. this newly identified signature in combination with high- CHAMPAIGN INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABILITY ENERGY NAM genes (Pearce et al. 2014). The Genie3-predicted downstream To understand the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis, we throughput validation assays to systematically identify, analyze AND ENVIRONMENT, UNITED STATES), STEPHEN LONG targets of the NAM ge nes ove rlapped w it h d i ffe re nt ia l ly e x pressed i nvest igated t he role of bH L H a nd M Y B genes f rom d i fferent ray and functionally validate cis-regulatory elements in important (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA-CHAMPAIGN DEPARTMENT ge nes ide nt i fied f rom t he R NA-Seq data sig n i fica nt ly more t ha n floret colored C h r ysa nt hemu m c u lt iva rs c u lt iva rs i nc lud i ng OB, crop species. OF PLANT BIOLOGY, UNITED STATES) e x pec ted by c ha nce, i nd icat i ng t hat t he Ge n ie3 net work ca n prov ide GP and RM, which showed white, pink and red ray floret colors, biologically-informative predictions of downstream genes. We then respectively. We evaluated the transcript level of structural and [email protected] found that NAC-3 and NAM-1 sha red sig n i fica nt ly more pred ic ted reg u lator y ge nes at t he d i ffe re nt stages of ray floret s. T h roug h t he Current crop models predict an increasing gap between food supply ta rget s t ha n wou ld be e x pec ted by c ha nce, suggest i ng t hat t hey a na lysi s w it h st r uc t u re a nd subcel lu la r loca l i zat ion , it con fi r med P 7.1 6 ELUCIDATING AND RE- a nd de ma nd ove r t he ne x t 50 yea rs. Tec h nolog y i s needed to pred ic t may act on similar biological pathways. These results suggest that that bHLH gene in OB was mutated and was abnormally localized DESIGNING REGULATORY NETWORKS the fitness of existing germplasm in response to global change, the NAC TF NAC-3 is a positive regulator of monocarpic senescence in Arabidopsis protoplasts. Yeast one hybrid (Y1H) and yeast UNDERLYING PLANT-PATHOGEN a nd a l so to desig n of c rop ideot y pes. I w i l l h ig h l ig ht ou r e ffor t s to in wheat and may act in tandem with NAM-1. two hybrid (Y2H) analysis showed that MYB from OB has the INTERACTION generate virtual plant models that capture whole system dynamics same function with that from RM, but MYB and bHLH from OB in response to in silico environmental and genetic perturbations, ca n not i nte rac t w it h eac h ot he r. To con fi r m t he f u nc t ion of M Y B using the Crops in silico (Cis) computational framework. We used and bHLHin planta, we performed a transient assay with tobacco THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 10:00 the Cis multi-scale modeling platform to: i) integrate models of P 7.1 9 IDENTIFICATION OF QTLS leaves. It revea led t hat si mu lta neou s e x pression of M Y B a nd bH L H ge ne e x pression , photosy nt het ic metabol i sm , a nd lea f physiolog y FOR RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL WILT from RM accumulate anthocyanins, but that from OB did not show KATHERINE DENBY (UNIVERSITY OF YORK, UNITED KINGDOM), to eva luate t he e ffec t of photosy nt hesi s a nd t ra n spi rat ion u nde r any pigment, indicating that the white colored OB was caused by ELSPETH RANSOM (UNIVERSITY OF YORK, UNITED KINGDOM), various environmental conditions; and ii) combine modeling and CAUSED BY RALSTONIA SOLANACEARUM bHLH mutation. These results strongly suggested that of MYB and IULIA GHERMAN (UNIVERSITY OF YORK, UNITED KINGDOM), advanced visualization approaches to make direct observations IN CHILI PEPPER bHLH are involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis GILL HIGGINS (UNIVERSITY OF YORK, UNITED KINGDOM), about changes in plant structure, light capture, biomass, and yield i n c h r ysa nt he mu m flowe rs. FABIAN VAISTIJ (UNIVERSITY OF YORK, UNITED KINGDOM), in response to environmental perturbations. Outcomes of these THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 11:50 RYAN CARTER (UNIVERSITY OF YORK, UNITED KINGDOM) e ffor t s i nc lude i) acc u rate pred ic t ion of soybea n photosy nt hesi s u nde r h ig h at mosphe r ic [CO2]; i i) ide nt i ficat ion of t ra n sc r ipt ion JUNDAE LEE (CHONBUK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, [email protected] fac tors t hat potent ia l ly reg u late photosy nt hesi s; a nd i i i) si mu lated KOREA (SOUTH)) l ight capt u re i n a 3D soybea n ca nopy. T he i mproved acc u rac y of Plant responses to biotic stress involve large-scale transcriptional model predictions and the realistic rendering of model simulated reprogramming. We are elucidating the gene regulatory networks [email protected] pla nt s is a step towa rd t he i n si l ico “ test i ng ” of ideot y pe desig n s underlying these transcriptional responses to pathogen infection u nde r d i ffe re nt e nv i ron me nta l cond it ion s. T h i s e nables resea rc he rs Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the using a combination of experimental and computational/ to perform dozens of in silico perturbations to evaluate ideotype most serious diseases in chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). In this mathematical tools. We generated high-resolution time series performance under varying scenarios. In silico exploration has the study, we aimed to identify QTLs resistant to bacterial wilt in the expression data from Arabidopsis leaves following infection potential to help researchers target components of the underlying F popu lat ion de r ived f rom a resi sta nt peppe r c u lt iva r ‘ Konesia n with bacterial and fungal pathogens. These time series data sets 2 crop genetics for engineering, to ultimately enhance crop yield and hot ’ u si ng genot y pi ng-by-sequenc i ng (GBS) a na lysi s. A tota l of have enabled us to identify transient changes in gene expression nutritional quality. 96 F2 individuals were evaluated for the resistance with disease and resolve the chronology of plant defence responses. We have index scores 0 (resistant) to 3 (susceptible) at every 7 days after generated transcriptional network models predicting regulatory inoculation for 6 weeks. A total of 12,228 SNP genotypes were relat ion sh ips bet wee n d i ffe re nt ia l ly e x pressed t ra n sc r ipt ion fac tors obtained using GBS analysis. Using the SNP data, a pepper genetic a nd ide nt i fied key reg u lators of t he A rabidopsi s defe nce respon se linkage map consisting of 1,168 SNP markers was constructed. ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 284 SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
P 7.2 1 STEPWISE PATHWAY P 7.2 2 IDENTIFICATION OF SALT- FOR EARLY CAREER RESEARCHERS, ENGINEERING TO THE BIOSYNTHESIS RESPONSIVE PHOSPHOPROTEINS IN THIS CAN BOOST YOUR PERSONAL OF ZEAXANTHIN, ASTAXANTHIN AND ROOTS OF TRANSGENIC RICE OVER- AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT, CAPSANTHIN IN RICE ENDOSPERM EXPRESSING SUCROSE NONFERMENTING 1-RELATED PROTEIN KINASE2 PUSHING YOUR BOUNDARIES, WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION BUILDING UP YOUR CONFIDENCE, THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION AND INCREASING YOUR EMPLOYMENT SUN-HWA HA (KYUNG HEE UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), JAE KWANG KIM (INCHEON NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, KOREA (SOUTH)), IN SUN YOON (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL OPPORTUNITIES. SUN-HYUNG LIM (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), SUYEON KIM (NATIONAL SCIENCE, KOREA (SOUTH)) INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), MI HYUN CHO (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL [email protected] SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), BEOM GI KIM (NATIONAL Carotenoid pigments are valuable components of the human INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)), diet. A notable example is β-carotene, or provitamin A, which KYUNG HWAN KIM (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL is converted into the derivatives astaxanthin and capsanthin, SCIENCES, KOREA (SOUTH)) via the common intermediate zeaxanthin. To generate rice varieties producing diverse carotenoids beyond β-carotene, [email protected] we specifically used a Capsicumβ-carotene hydroxylase gene, Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stress limit B(CaBch) and a codon optimized version of the same gene, productivity of rice worldwide. Sucrose nonfermenting 1-related stB(stBch) to increase zeaxanthin synthesis. We also used a protei n k i na se2 (Sn R K 2) fa m i ly i s k now n a s a key reg u lator of A BA recombinant BAK gene (CaBch-2A-HpBkt), consisting of the and hyper-osmotic stress signaling, but little is known about its CaBch sequence and aHaematococcus β-carotene ketolase gene targets under the salt stress. In the present study, salt-responsive (HpBkt) linked by a bicistronic 2A sequence, as well as a codon phosphoproteins were analyzed in roots of transgenic rice over- optimized recombinantstBAKgene (stBch-2A-stBkt) to create e x pressi ng r ice Sn R K 2 k i na se. Phosphoprotei n s we re v i sua l i zed astaxanthin synthesis. The four cassettes to seed-specifically a nd qua nt i fied by fluoresce nce sta i n i ng of t wo - d i me n siona l (2-D) gel express theB,stB,BAKandstBAKgenes were individually combined using Pro-Q Diamond. Phosphopeptides were identified by MALDI- with aPACgene (CaPsy-2A-PaCrtI) cassette to previously impart TOF/ TOF a na lysi s. Compa red to w i ld t y pe r ice, 21 d i ffe re nt ia l ly β-carotene-enriched trait in rice endosperm. The single T-DNA phosphor ylated protei n s ( DP) we re ide nt i fied i n root s of t he Sn R K 2 UP YOUR vectors ofB-PAC,stB-PAC,BAK-PACandstBAK-PACresulted in t ra n sge n ic r ice u nde r t he sa lt st ress. DP14 0 5, a l ipid bi nd i ng STA RT t he acc u mu lat ion of zea xa nt h i n a nd a sta xa nt h i n i n t he endospe r m domain protein of unknown function, contains multiple potential of the transgenic rice seeds. In addition, an extended version SnRK2 phosphorylation sites. Transgenic rice overexpressing on the carotenoid pathway was introduced into rice to allow the DP1405 showed enhanced salt tolerance. Our results suggest that production of capsanthin, by intercrossing a B-PAC rice line with DP1405 is a novel protein related to SnRK2 signaling conferring salt a Ccs rice line, which harbors a Capsicumcapsanthin-capsorubin tolerant trait in rice. Supported by grant (PJ01318203) from RDA. synthase gene. Ultimately, we developed three functional rice GAME varieties: B-PAC (0.8 μg/g zeaxanthin, deep yellow), stBAK-PAC(1.4 μ g /g ketoca rote noid s, i nc lud i ng a sta xa nt h i n , pi n k i sh red) a nd B - PACxCcs (0.4 μg/g of ketoxanthophylls, including capsanthin, orange-red). Collectively, a combination of genetic engineering and conventional breed ing is effective for multi-step metabolic e ng i nee r i ng a nd bioc he m ica l pat hway e x te n sion .
APPLY TO ORGANISE A SESSION FUNDING OF UP TO AT OUR ANNUAL CONFERENCE Submission deadline - 1 March each year! For more information visit: http://www.sebiology.org/grants-and-funding/funding- £500 for-events-and-meetings ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL,PLANT & CELL ABSTRACT 286 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 287
(CN-Wheat). The possibilities opened up by this integrative model [email protected] P8 IN SILICO PLANTS will be illustrated by simulations of net sugar exudation fluxes d i st r ibuted ac ross a dy na m ic, 3D wheat root system i nte rac t i ng Phyllotaxis – the distribution of plant organs such as leaves with soil. and flowers on their supporting axes – is a key attribute of plant architecture. The geometric regularity of phyllotactic patterns has attracted multidisciplinary interest since the early 1800s, yet t he most icon ic e xa mple of phyl lota x i s, t he pat te r n i ng of flowe rs ORGANISED BY: STEPHEN LONG (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS) P8.4 AVERTING ROBO-BEES: IN- in the heads of the sunflower family of plants, has remained AND LEE SWEETLOVE (OXFORD UNIVERSITY) SILICO ANALYSIS OF THE PERCEPTION unexplained. Based on experimental data integrating confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray micro- OF FLOWERING PLANTS BY INSECT computed tomog raphy of developi ng ge rbe ra a nd su n flowe r head s, POLLINATORS we have constructed computational models that plausibly explain but comparatively little attention has been given to the `inverse phyllotactic patterning in heads. Our data have also revealed, and problem’: what models and parameters are responsible for producing P8.1 FROM MATHS TO FIELD computational models allowed to explain, the development and a n e x pe r i menta l ly obse r ved root system? T h i s ta l k w i l l deta i l t he u se FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:00 – MODELING TO GUIDE CROP structure of the vascular systems in heads. These results were of approx i mate Bayesia n computat ion (A BC) to i n fe r mec ha n i st ic obtained through a tight interplay between laboratory experiments, PHOTOSYNTHETIC EFFICIENCY parameters governing root growth and architecture, along with ROS GLEADOW (MONASH UNIVERSITY MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA), 2D and 3D imaging, computational model construction, and FOR HIGHER PRODUCTIVITY its application to synthetic and experimental root data to identify ALAN DORIN (FACULTY OF IT, MONASH UNIVERSITY, mathematical reasoning. In addition to revealing previously growth mechanisms and characterise growth parameters in AUSTRALIA), JIM HANAN (HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE QAFFI, unobserved mechanisms and structures, our data and models point different mutants. Our highly adaptable framework can be used UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA) FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:00 to common mechanisms in the development of heads, branched to gain mechanistic insight into the generation of observed root [email protected] inflorescences, and leaves. STEPHEN LONG (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, UNITED STATES system architectures. AND LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), YU WANG Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, UNITED STATES) on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, P8.6 DESIGNING SORGHUM CROPS [email protected] P8.3 A NEW 3D SHOOT-ROOT MODEL the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural FOR ADAPTATION TO THE DROUGHT FOR SIMULATING RHIZODEPOSITION monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are of De ma nd for ou r major c rops may r i se 6 0 % by 20 50. T he major y ield grave concern. Some researchers are working towards a future AND HEAT RISKS ANTICIPATED IN increases of the Green Revolution were driven by genetic increases PROCESSES IN THE CONTEXT OF WHOLE whe re nat u ra l i n sec t pol l i nators m ig ht be replaced w it h f ree -fly i ng FUTURE CLIMATES in yield potential. But the approaches used are now reaching PLANT GROWTH robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead their biological limits. Photosynthetic efficiency falls far below that computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more its biological potential and was almost untouched by the Green FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 11:30 FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:45 measured and ecologically sound application of technology that Revolution, representing an apparently untapped means to achieving could assist us in managing the coming “Insect Armageddon”. further gains in yield potential. As the best known, and one of the GRAEME HAMMER (UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), FRÉDÉRIC REES (UMR ECOSYS INRA AGROPARISTECH, Specifically, we identify insect-plant interactions within current most highly conserved, plant processes it photosynthesis become GREG MCLEAN (QUEENSLAND DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SACLAY, FRANCE), CHRISTOPHE agricultural systems as being weighted too heavily in favour of the amenable to dynamic modeling in which each discrete step of the AND FISHERIES, AUSTRALIA), ERIK VAN OOSTEROM (THE PRADAL (AGAP CIRAD INRA MONTPELLIER SUP AGRO, UNIV plants. We propose, using computer simulations, to balance attention process may be represented and in turn integrated into biophysical UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), SCOTT CHAPMAN MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), LOÏC PAGÈS (UR 1115 PSH INRA, more evenly over the insect–plant system. One important aspect of models of developing crop canopies. Application of optimization (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), BANGYOU FRANCE), CÉLINE RICHARD-MOLARD (UMR ECOSYS INRA plant-insect relationships we simulate is how pollinating insects routines via high-performance computing, has predicted changes ZHENG (CSIRO AGRICULTURE, AUSTRALIA), ALEX WU (THE AGROPARISTECH, UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SACLAY, FRANCE), detec t flowe rs aga i n st d i ffe re nt bac kg rou nd colou rs, a nd i n d i ffe rent t hat cou ld substa nt ia l ly i mprove photosy nt het ic e ffic ie nc y i n bot hC 3 UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), AL DOHERTY (THE CLAIRE CHENU (UMR ECOSYS INRA AGROPARISTECH, planting arrangements. This provides insight into how flowers and C4 crops (Long et al., 2015). Some of these have now been realized UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), DAVID JORDAN UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SACLAY, FRANCE), BRUNO ANDRIEU are detected and pollinated, allowing us to demonstrate that the t h roug h bioeng i nee r i ng i n field t r ia ls. T h i s pape r w i l l rev iew t h i s (THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA) (UMR ECOSYS INRA AGROPARISTECH, UNIVERSITÉ PARIS- cropping environments in greenhouses and on broadacre farms modeling and its development, giving particular emphasis to the SACLAY, FRANCE) ca n i nte r fe re w it h i n sec t s’ abi l it y to ca r r y out i mpor ta nt ecolog ica l re-emerging area of non steady-state photosynthesis, as a route to [email protected] se r v ices t hat be ne fit hu ma n food produc t ion . O u r i n-si l ico model s improving efficiency (Kromdijket al., 2016; Glowacka et al., 2018). [email protected] should help us to understand the likely impacts of Anthropocene Climate risks pervade agriculture. They generate major activity on the relationships between flowering plants and insects, con seque nces on c rop produc t ion . We do not k now what t he ne x t Rhizodeposition, i.e. the release of any organic material by roots, has and to mitigate against futures where insect populations have sea son w i l l be l i ke, let a lone t he sea son 30 yea rs he nce. Yet fa r me rs been suggested to represent a major input of carbon in soils and to crashed or been irrecoverably altered. need to decide on genotype and management combinations in shape biological activity in the rhizosphere. Various rhizodeposits P8.2 LIKELIHOOD-FREE INFERENCE advance of the season and in the face of this production environment can be emitted by roots, e.g. soluble exudates, secreted mucilage, REVEALS PHYSICAL MECHANISMS risk. Further, breeders must consider target adaptive traits for sloug hed cel l s, or volat i le orga n ic compou nd s. Despite t hei r shor t future genotypes up to 10 years ahead of their commercial release. AND PARAMETERS GOVERNING ROOT lifetime, some of these products have been shown to favor plant He re we prese nt t he ca se for ne x t ge ne rat ion t h i n k i ng on desig n of ARCHITECTURE growth by increasing water or nutrient uptake, by promoting P8.5 MODELING AND VISUALIZATION G*M*E for adva nc i ng c rop adaptat ion i n f ut u re c l i mates. We foc u s plant resistance, or by acting as signals. Rhizodeposition also OF PHYLLOTACTIC AND VASCULAR on adaptation to drought and heat in sorghum, but the concepts are represents a significant share of plant’s carbon budget and may FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 09:30 PATTERNING IN FLOWER HEADS generic. There exists considerable knowledge of climate, both past affect plant growth in this way. So far, no computational model and future, from climate records and climate models. This gives us has integrated the variety of rhizodeposition processes into CLARE ZIEGLER (UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM, UNITED FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 10:30 insight into climate variability and trends. We know that CO and plant functioning. Our goal is to develop such a model in order to 2 KINGDOM), ROSEMARY J DYSON (UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM, te mpe rat u re a re i nc rea si ng, a nd t h i s a lone i n flue nces d roug ht a nd i nvest igate i n a more mec ha n i st ic way t he e ffec t s of cont ra sted pla nt UNITED KINGDOM), IAIN G JOHNSTON (UNIVERSITY OF PRZEMYSLAW PRUSINKIEWICZ (UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY, heat risks for crops. We also have considerable knowledge of crop traits, crop management or climate change on plant growth and BIRMINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM) CANADA), TENG ZHANG (UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, FINLAND), growth and development responses to CO , drought and heat, along soil carbon sequestration. As an important step in this direction, 2 MIKOLAJ CIESLAK (UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY, CANADA), with the physiology and genetics of underpinning mechanisms. we focus here on the integration of the carbon fluxes related to [email protected] PHILMO GU (UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY, CANADA), JEREMY This knowledge has been integrated into advanced crop simulation rhizodeposition processes into a functional-structural plant model. HART (UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY, CANADA), ANDREW OWENS models that are now sufficiently credible to explore G*M*E scenarios Plant root systems play vital roles in the biosphere, environment, After summarizing the current knowledge on the mechanisms and (UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY, CANADA), FONG WANG (UNIVERSITY v ia si mu lat ion of comprehen sive “adaptat ion la nd scapes”. He re we and agriculture, but the quantitative principles governing their ca rbon- cost s a ssoc iated to rh i zodeposit ion , we w i l l prese nt a 3D OF HELSINKI, FINLAND), TEEMU TEERI (UNIVERSITY OF combine this existing knowledge and modelling capability to explore growth and architecture remain poorly understood. The `forward shoot-root model implemented in the OpenAlea platform, which HELSINKI, FINLAND), PAULA ELOMAAA (UNIVERSITY OF the design of crops best suited to current and future environments. problem’ of what root forms can arise from given models and integrates a new rhizodeposition model, a root architecture model HELSINKI, FINLAND) The contrasting time points of the G*M*E analyses elucidate the parameters has been well studied through modelling and simulation, (ArchiSimple) and a model of C and N metabolism in the whole plant ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 288 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 289
con seque nces of c l i mate t re nd s a nd t rajec tor ies l i kely needed i n which are the driving mechanisms of the monolignol biosynthesis measure of performance, of 54 phenotypes of barley, bean and maize design of future crops adapted to climate risks. pathway. Computational models have been developed to estimate P8.10 LEAF AND AXES MOVEMENTS were assessed in a variety of conditions and subject to different protein abundances from transcript perturbations of monolignol ALONG GRASS ONTOGENY amounts of root loss to yield insight into the effects of nutrient and spec i fic genes. T he acc u rac y of t hese models, howeve r, a re h i nde red root loss stress on crop development. Our simulations indicate that by t hei r i nabi l it y to capt u re i nd i rec t i n fluences t hat a r i se when one root loss is generally detrimental in low-phosphorus environments FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:30 P8.7 USING METABOLIC MODELLING or more genes are perturbed. We created a computational model for most phenotypes. However, some phenotypes show resilience TO UNDERSTAND THE LIMITATIONS TO ba sed on a spa rse ma x i mu m l i kel i hood approac h to est i mate t he to root loss or even an increase in shoot dry weight in both low- resulting monolignol transcript and protein abundances in Populus BRUNO ANDRIEU (INRA, UMR ECOSYS, FRANCE), phosphorus and low-nitrate conditions. Our result indicate that PHOTOSYNTHESIS UNDER CHANGING trichocarpa based on desired single or combinatorial knockdowns of MARIEM ABICHOU (INRA, UMR ECOSYS, FRANCE), not only do different crops show qualitatively different responses ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS specific monolignol genes. Usingin-silico simulations of this model CHRISTIAN FOURNIER (INRA, UMR LEPSE, FRANCE), to nutrient and root loss stress, but the optimal phenotypes for high- and root mean square error, we show that our model more accurately CORINNE ROBERT (INRA, UMR ECOSYS, FRANCE) nutrient, root loss free environments are not generally the best est i mates t ra n sc r ipt a nd protei n abu nda nces f rom x yle m t i ssue performers in high stress scenarios. This shows the importance of FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 12:OO [email protected] when individual and families of monolignol genes were perturbed. developing new varieties that are suitable to meet future challenges. Our model captures relationships such as those between the Ptr4CL HELENA A HERRMANN (THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, Plant 3D geometry changes during ontogeny, which originates partly and PtrCAld5H ge ne fa m i l ies, pote nt ia l ly e x pla i n i ng t he obse r ved UNITED KINGDOM), JEAN-MARC SCHWARTZ (THE UNIVERSITY f rom t he produc t ion of new leaves a nd a xes w it h c ha rac te r i st ics decrease in S/G ratio reported in the literature when 4CL is knocked OF MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM), GILES N JOHNSON d i ffe r i ng f rom t he olde r ones, a nd f rom prog ressive c ha nges i n t he down. This approach provides a useful computational tool for (THE UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER, UNITED KINGDOM) display of organs after they have completed their growth. Crop P8.12 HOW SUGARS INTERPLAY WITH f u r t he r e x plor i ng t he ca scaded i mpac t of si ng le a nd combi nator ia l pla nt s show suc h i mpor ta nt c ha nges, t hat sig n i fica nt ly i mpac t l ig ht HORMONES IN THE REGULATION OF mod i ficat ion s on l ig n i n a nd ot he r wood prope r t ies. Add it iona l ly, [email protected] capture and more generally environment perception, yet relatively it can be used to guide future experiments for elucidating the AXILLARY BUD OUTGROWTH l it t le e ffor t ha s bee n ded icated to c ha rac te r i z i ng t he move me nt s of As the global climate changes through this century, there will be a mechanisms responsible for the estimated indirect influences. mature organs and represent them in models. We investigated the need to shift plant growth to times of the year when temperatures are FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:40 ontogenetic movement of leaves and axes in wheat plants varieties suboptimal and more variable. In order to breed plants for a shifted with contrasted statures and will compare with those reported in the growth season, we need to understand the limits on photosynthesis JESSICA BERTHELOOT (IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-OUEST literature for other grasses. At leaf level, ample movements occur ac ross d i ffe re nt env i ron me nta l cond it ion s. We u se bot h k i net ic UNIVERSITÉ D’ANGERS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, FRANCE), P8.9 DESIGNING RICE IDEOTYPE all along leaf live with differences between the basal leaves and the and constraint-based modelling techniques in order to understand FRANÇOIS BARBIER (SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, FOR DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS USING leaves attached to long internodes. At shoot level, large movements the metabolic changes required for photosynthetic acclimation THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), FRÉDÉRIC a l so e x i st for t he i nc l i nat ion of a xes, i nc lud i ng t he ma i n ste m , so to changing environmental conditions. Using modelling and WACNI – A MODEL OF WHOLE PLANT BOUDON (CIRAD, UMR AGAP UNIV. MONTPELLIER, FRANCE), t hat a xes become nea rly ve r t ica l on ly late i n t hei r development. T he experimental data from six different temperature conditions, we C-N INTERACTION MARIA DOLORES PEREZ-GARCIA (IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS- combined movements of leaves relatively to their axe and of axes identify metabolic changes required for photosynthetic acclimation OUEST, UNIVERSITÉ D’ANGERS, SFR 4207 QUASAV, FRANCE), relat ively t he ve r t ica l resu lt i n a comple x pat te r n of lea f or ie ntat ion of Arabidopsis thaliana across its physiological temperature range. SYLVIE CITERNE (INSTITUT JEAN-PIERRE BOURGIN CENTRE FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:00 at crop level, while each type of movement considered separately P ionee r i ng t he u se of flu x sa mpl i ng for st udy i ng net work robu st ness DE VERSAILLES-GRIGNON (IJPB), INRA, AGRO-PARISTECH follows relatively patterns that can be described with a small number in wild-type and mutant plants we identify necessary metabolic CNRS, FRANCE), ELISABETH DUN (SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL XINGUANG ZHU (INSTITUTE OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY of parameters. Differences exist in the amplitudes of movement changes required for cold acclimation. Using dynamic modelling SCIENCES, THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), AND ECOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CHINA), between species, cultivars and depending on plant density. We we predict which of the reactions linking photosynthetic uptake to CHRISTINE BEVERIDGE (SCHOOL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, TIANGEN CHANG (INSTITUTE OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY illustrate the importance of representing these movements in plant leaf carbon storage and export are most temperature sensitive and THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), CHRISTOPHE AND ECOLOGY CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, CHINA) models for the calculation of plant-environment interaction and for are searching for a metabolic temperature sensor. GODIN (LABORATOIRE REPRODUCTION ET DÉVELOPPEMENT DES exploring the adaptation of genotypes to crop management. [email protected] PLANTES, UNIV LYON ENS DE LYON, FRANCE), SOULAIMAN SAKR (IRHS, INRA, AGROCAMPUS-OUEST UNIVERSITÉ D’ANGERS, SFR On the face of the rapid advances in genome editing technology and 4207 QUASAV, FRANCE) P8.8 COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR g reat ly e x pa nded k nowledge on pla nt ge nome a nd ge nes, t he re i s a P8.11 STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF ROOT PREDICTING MONOLIGNOL TRANSCRIPT st rong de ma nd to develop a n e ffec t ive tool to g u ide desig n i ng c rops [email protected] for higher yields. Here we developed a highly mechanistic model of SENESCENCE ON CROP FITNESS AND AND PROTEIN ABUNDANCES IN POPULUS Whole plAnt Carbon Nitrogen Interaction (WACNI), which predicts SOIL NUTRIENT CAPTURE IN SILICO The outgrowth of axillary buds is a main trait of plant adaptation to TRICHOCARPA UNDER SINGLE AND c rop y ield ba sed on major metabol ic a nd biophysica l processes i n environment. The regulation of bud outgrowth involves an intricate source, sink and transport tissues. WACNI accurately predicted network of several endogenous regulators including hormones and COMBINATORIAL MONOLIGNOL GENE FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:35 the yield responses of so far reported source, sink and transport sugars. In the process of apical dominance, apically-derived auxin KNOCKDOWNS related genetic manipulations on rice grain yields. Systematic in the stem indirectly inhibits bud outgrowth through cytokinins ERNST D SCHÄFER (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED sensitivity analysis with WACNI was used to classify the source, and strigolactones. Sugar diversion to the growing shoot tip away KINGDOM), MARKUS R OWEN (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 12:15 sink and transport related molecular processes into four categories, from the bud also contributes to this phenomenon. The present study UNITED KINGDOM), MALCOLM J BENNETT (UNIVERSITY i.e. universal yield enhancers, universal yield inhibitors, conditional aims at understanding and modelling how sugars interact with the OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), ETIENNE FARCOT MEGAN L MATTHEWS (NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY, yield enhancers and weak yield regulators. Simulations using hor mona l net work i n t he shoot . Usi ng rose a nd pea, e x pe r i me nt s (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), JONATHAN P UNITED STATES), JACK P WANG (NORTH CAROLINA STATE WACNI further show that even without a major change in leaf were made both on decapitated plants and nodal stem segments LYNCH (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM) UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), DAVID C MUDDIMAN (NORTH photosy nt het ic prope r t ies, 54.6% to 73% g ra i n y ield i nc rea se ca n in vitro, and consisted in varying stem hormone and sugar levels. CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), RONALD R be potentially achieved by optimizing these molecular processes We show that sugars antagonized, dose-dependently, the auxin [email protected] SEDEROFF (NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY, UNITED during the rice grain filling period while simply combining all the inhibition of bud outgrowth. Sugars reduced the bud inhibition by STATES), VINCENT L CHIANG (NORTH CAROLINA STATE ‘supe r ior ’ molec u la r modu les toget he r ca n not ac h ieve t he opt i ma l strigolactones but sugars did not antagonize the auxin repressing The global human population is predicted to be between 9 and 10 UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES), CRANOS M WILLIAMS yield level. A common macroscopic feature in all these designed effect on cy tok inin levels in the stem. These obser vations were billion by 2050, with most of this population growth taking place in (NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) high-yield lines is that they all show ‘a sustained and steady growth assembled in a computer model, where sugars act mainly by developi ng cou nt r ies. At t he sa me t i me, c l i mate c ha nge i s e x pec ted of g ra i n si n k ’, wh ic h m ig ht be u sed a s a ge ne r ic selec t ion c r ite r ia suppressing bud response to strigolactones, independently of to have a negative impact on crop yields in these countries and put [email protected] in high-yield rice breeding. Overall, WACNI can serve as a tool to cytokinins. This model quantitatively captured all of the observed further pressure on vulnerable ecosystems around the world. facilitate plant source sink interaction research and guide future crosstalk among sugar and hormones for bud outgrowth responses. Accurate manipulation of metabolites in the monolignol Because of this it is important to develop alternative agricultural crops breeding by design. Since sugars and hormones are both altered by plant environment, biosynthesis pathway is a key step for controlling lignin content, practices that do not rely on the extensive use of pesticides or this study paves the way for modelling the response of bud outgrowth structure, and other wood properties that are important to the fertilizers, which requires us to improve crop yields in low-nutrient to environmental factors. bioenergy and biomaterial industries. A crucial component of this is conditions where root loss due to pests is significant. A root loss predicting how single and combinatorial knockdowns of monolignol module was developed for OpenSimRoot, a functional-structural specific genes at the transcript level influence monolignol proteins, root system simulation. Using this, the shoot dry weights, our ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 290 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 291
accessions and mutants. The model was then used to calculate P8.13 CROP2ML: A CROP MODELING P8.14 INVESTIGATING SHOOT GROWTH P8.15 ROOTS FOR THE 10B: MODELING the optimal combination of leaf traits and plant architecture by METALANGUAGE SHARED BETWEEN AND CARBON COMPETITION BETWEEN PHENES AND PHENOTYPES FOR SOIL maximizing photosynthesis under different environmental conditions. The simulated optimal combinations of traits under high DIFFERENT CROP SIMULATION ORGANS IN MACADAMIA USING IN RESOURCE CAPTURE temperature depended strongly on light intensity, wind speed and PLATFORMS SILICO PLANTS the conditions of the soil surface (i.e. whether wet or dry). The main FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 16:45 fi nd i ng wa s t hat acc l i mat ion to h ig h te mpe rat u re wa s pa r t ic u la rly FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 15:45 FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 16:00 beneficial to photosynthesis under high light intensities and less JONATHAN LYNCH (PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, UNITED so (or even detrimental) under low light intensities. However, CYRILLE AHMED MIDINGOYI (INRA, FRANCE), CHRISTOPHE INIGO AUZMENDI (QUEENSLAND ALLIANCE FOR AGRICULTURE STATES, AND NOTTINGHAM UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM) thermomorphogenesis in arabidopsis only occurs at low light PRADAL (CIRAD, FRANCE), ANDREAS ENDERS (UNIVERSITY AND FOOD INNOVATION (QAAFI), THE UNIVERSITY OF intensities. These results suggest that thermomorphogenesis OF BONN, GERMANY), DAVIDE FUMAGALLI (JRC, ITALY), QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA), JIM HANAN (QUEENSLAND [email protected] in arabidopsis is not optimal for photosynthesis and that it may have a different ecological function, questioning the optimal HÉLÈNE RAYNAL (INRA, FRANCE), IOANNIS ATHANASIADIS ALLIANCE FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD INNOVATION (QAAFI), Improved root phenotypes offer avenues for creating the more photosynthetic acclimation theory. (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), CHERYL PORTER THE UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA) drought tolerant, nutrient efficient crops that are urgently needed (UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, UNITED STATES), GERRIT in global agriculture. Functional-structural plant models (FSPM) HOOGENBOOM (UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, UNITED STATES), DEAN [email protected] are an important tool for this enterprise, given the complex, HOLZWORTH (CSIRO, AUSTRALIA), FRÉDÉRICK GARCIA (INRA, dynamic interplay between root phenotypes and soil resource Unde rsta nd i ng how i nd iv idua l shoot s g row i s a fi rst step to i mprove FRANCE), PETER THORBURN (CSIRO, AUSTRALIA), MARCELLO availability in time and space, and difficulties inherent in the P8.17 INTEGRATING THE COMPLEX t he ma nage me nt of t ree ca nopies a nd orc ha rd s. Field e x pe r i me nt s DONATELLI (CREA, ITALY), PIERRE MARTRE (INRA, FRANCE) direct observation of key root processes. For example, the FSPMs REGULATION OF LEAF GROWTH BY have been carried out with this purpose for several species and SimRootand OpenSimRoot have been useful in identifying root conditions. However, aspects such as leaf incident light, growth WATER AND TROPHIC DYNAMICS IN [email protected] architectural, anatomical, and physiological phenotypes for and carbon competition interact and cannot be easily measured, A FUNCTIONAL-STRUCTURAL PLANT improved capture of water and nutrients, in understanding tradeoffs Process-based crop simulation models are popular tools to ma k i ng it d i fficu lt to a na lyse data a nd obta i n clea r conclusions. for contrasting soil resources, phene synergism, and in guiding root MODEL OF GRASS analyze and predict the response of agricultural systems to In silico plants that integrate these aspects and their interactions phenotyping strategies. These tools are becoming increasingly climatic, agronomic and, more recently genetic, factors. They could be a helpful tool. We built a computational model based on capable, and are being integrated with shoot models to develop in FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:30 are often developed in crop simulation platforms to ensure their L-systems that simulates light environment, carbon assimilation, silicoplants as virtual laboratories. Integration of these tools with future extension and to couple different crop models with a soil competition for carbon, and growth of individual organs within the models simulating gene networks, the plant and soil microbiomes, ROMAIN BARILLOT (INRA, FRANCE), MARION GAUTHIER (INRA, model and a crop management event scheduler. The comparison shoot (stem and leaves). This functional-structural model simulates and ecosystem function will create unprecedented opportunities FRANCE), BRUNO ANDRIEU (INRA, FRANCE), JEAN-LOUIS and improvement of these models are difficult due to the lack of macadamia shoot architecture and physiological mechanisms to understand the interplay of plant genotype, phenotype, and DURAND (INRA, FRANCE), ISABEL ROLDÁN-RUIZ (ILVO, e ffic ie nt met hod for e xc ha ng i ng biophysica l processes bet wee n at orga n level i n da i ly t i me steps. Mu lt i-fac tor e x pe r i me nt s w it h environment, and in so doing guide the development of the crops BELGIUM), TOM DE SWAEF (ILVO, BELGIUM) platforms. Models are often implemented in different programming d i ffe re nt cond it ion s we re pe r for med u si ng t he i n si l ico macada m ia and cropping systems of the 21st century. languages, in different platforms using different formalisms. Even shoot s. T hese si mu lat ion s produced t wo k i nd s of out put s: v i sua l ly [email protected] when modular approaches and reuse techniques are proposed by rea l i st ic 3D represe ntat ion s of da i ly shoot g row t h ; a nd data for eac h these platforms, there is little exchange of crop model components organ, which were employed to produce graphs and to compare Climate change challenges agricultural production due to between them despite theoretical and application interests. To w it h field obse r vat ion s. T he si mple shoot g row t h model showed interacting effects of reduced water availability, increased this end, the aim of the Agricultural Model Exchange Initiative that carbon competition and availability were enough to explain P8.16 OPTIMAL ACCLIMATION OF atmospheric CO concentration and altered temperature dynamics. (AMEI), initiated by several leading groups in this field, is to some field observations such as differences in shoot elongation LEAF TRAITS TO HIGH TEMPERATURE 2 Plant morphogenesis plays a crucial role in resource capture but fac i l itate model i nte rcompa r i son a nd model compone nt e xc ha nge. and dry weight accumulation. These were emergent properties IN ARABIDOPSIS there are no integrative models available which account for its Crop2ML, a high-level metalanguage, has been designed to enable of the model that reproduced patterns obser ved in the field. The regulation by the interplay between water, nitrogen, light, CO and (1) the description and the composition of crop model components simulations presented are not mere graphical representations of 2 FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:15 temperature. In the present study, we describe a comprehensive independently of the formalism of simulation platforms; and (2) field data, but a tool to detect gaps in our knowledge and propose new functional-structural plant model (FSPM) encompassing the the exchange of components between them. Crop2ML language is hy pot heses a nd idea s t hat ca n e x pla i n ou r obse r vat ion s, i mprov i ng ALEJANDRO MORALES SIERRA (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY AND regulation of leaf growth by water and trophic dynamics in based on a declarative architecture of modular model representation our understanding and suggesting possible consequences of the RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS), MARTIJN VAN ZANTEN (UTRECHT g ra ss. T he model i s de fi ned at i nd iv idua l t i l le r sca le, composed of with an intermediate modeling language to describe biophysical ma nage me nt i n t he field . UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), XINYOU YIN (WAGENINGEN interconnected laminae, sheaths and internodes. Leaf elongation processes a nd t hei r t ra n sfor mat ion to e x i st i ng plat for m s. We w i l l UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS), JOCHEM B EVERS kinetics are divided into two phases whose durations depend on prese nt A M E I v i sion of c rop model e xc ha nge a nd t he ma i n feat u res (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH, NETHERLANDS), coord ination r ules between successive leaves. Du r ing the early of C rop2 M L . T h i s approac h wa s appl ied on t wo comple x model s (c rop RASHMI SASIDHARAN (UTRECHT UNIVERSITY, NETHERLANDS), phase, which mainly consists in cell production, we assumed leaf energy balance and a wheat phenology model), which have been NIELS ANTEN (WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH, growth to be regulated by carbon and nitrogen concentrations, shared among the different simulation platforms. NETHERLANDS) while water is considered non-limiting during this meristematic process. In the second phase which includes cell elongation, leaf [email protected] growth is driven by turgor pressure, which is tightly coupled to leaf water content variations and osmotic pressure, thus resulting in The environment surrounding leaves (phylloenvironment) ela st ic defor mat ion a nd pla st ic i r reve rsible g row t h . T he wate r flow determines the rate of photosynthesis, depending on the throughout the hydraulic architecture of the tiller is calculated from physiological and morphological traits of the leaf. The orga n t ra n spi rat ion a nd wate r potent ia l d i ffe re nces. Ca rbon a nd
phylloenvironment results from the exchange of energy, CO2 nitrogen concentrations, which affect leaf growth and osmotic
and H2 O with the surrounding air, which is affected by the pressure, are simulated at organ scale using a detailed description of architecture of the plant. Leaf traits and plant architecture are the metabolic processes involved in resource capture and allocation. k now n to adju st to t he g row t h env i ron ment (i.e. acc l i mat ion), a T he model abi l it y to i mprove ou r u nde rsta nd i ng of t he e ffec t s of process which is often assumed to lead to higher photosynthesis drought on plant morphogenesis under contrasted temperatures
(i.e. optimal photosynthetic acclimation theory). In this study, and CO2 levels will be discussed. we use Arabidopsis thaliana as a model organism and address the question of whether the observed acclimation to high temperature (i.e. thermomorphogenesis) leads to higher photosynthesis. A novel 3D computat iona l model of a rabidopsi s wa s developed to si mu late t he phylloenvironment and leaf photosynthetic rates and was validated with experiments in climate-controlled chambers using natural ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 292 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 293
resu lt s i nd icate v i sible e ffec t s on lea f shape for a l l fac tors. I n a ne x t P8.18 COMPUTING A MORE EFFICIENT P8.20 EVALUATING PHOTOSYNTHETIC step, L-Cucumber simulations with an environment-sensitive P8.23 ADD GRIT FOR TRACTION: LEAF USING METABOLIC NETWORK INDUCTION USING GAS EXCHANGE DATA dynamic leaf shape model will be compared to the original model to REPRESENTATION OF SOIL determine, whether detected shape changes will significantly affect MODELS simulation results. STRUCTURE IMPROVES FIT OF THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION A ROOT GROWTH MODEL FRIDAY 5 JULY, 2019 17:45 SAMUEL H TAYLOR (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION LEE J SWEETLOVE (OXFORD UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), DOUGLAS J ORR (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED KINGDOM), A SIMPLE MECHANISTIC MODEL ELIZABETE CARMO-SILVA (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, UNITED P8.22 SANU SHAMEER (UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, UNITED KINGDOM), CHRISTOPHER K BLACK (PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, KINGDOM), STEPHEN P LONG (LANCASTER UNIVERSITY, OF CARBON ALLOCATION PERFORMS R GEORGE RATCLIFFE (UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD, UNITED UNITED STATES), ERNST D SCHÄFER (UNIVERSITY OF UNITED KINGDOM) BETTER THAN THE STATISTICAL KINGDOM) NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), JONATHAN P LYNCH PARTITIONING MODEL IN CROP GROWTH (PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, UNITED STATES) [email protected] [email protected] MODELS Metabolism underpins the growth of plants and in many Photosynthetic induction is of tremendous interest for improvement [email protected] circumstances limits growth. Although primary metabolism in of crop plant productivity. In wheat, for example, slow recovery of THURSDAY 4 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION Plant roots grow in a dynamic and heterogeneous environment plants is very well characterised in terms of the enzymes present Rubisco activity during induction may limit diurnal CO assimilation 2 that requires efficient foraging to achieve optimal resource and the biochemical reactions catalysed, the complexity of the by up to 20%. Methods to evaluate photosynthetic limitation during JUSTIN M MCGRATH (UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS URBANA- capture. Understanding root growth strategy is necessary for network and its regulation mean that we are still surprisingly poor induction were principally developed more than two decades CHAMPAIGN, UNITED STATES), STEPHEN P LONG (UNIVERSITY agronomic and ecological studies, but unfortunately the dynamic at predicting metabolic behaviour in response to developmental ago. In the interim, three relevant changes have occurred: 1) OF ILLINOIS URBANA-CHAMPAIGN, UNITED STATES) a nd hete rogeneou s soi l env i ron ment a lso ma kes root s d i ffic u lt to and environmental transitions. We are even worse at predicting approac hes to model l i ng photosy nt hesi s ba sed on ga s e xc ha nge observe or sample, so many experiments rely on observations from how to e ng i nee r metabol i sm to i mprove t he e ffic ie nc y of c rop pla nts a nd c h lorophyl l fluorescence data have adva nced , i nc rea si ng t he [email protected] root s g row t h u nde r u n i for m a r t i fic ia l laborator y cond it ion s. A s a in modern high-intensity agro-ecosystems. For the last 10 years, nu mbe r of pa ra mete rs t hat ca n be est i mated ; 2) new ge ne rat ion s result, many computational root growth models have until recently my group have been building and analysing computational models of photosynthesis systems have improved the ease with which Crop growth models are useful tools for predicting yield in future focused on representing root growth in a homogeneous medium, of plant metabolic networks that have allowed us to address the photosynthetic response curves and cuvette-level experiments environments and identifying traits to target for breeding. The wh ic h fac i l itates compa r i son s aga i n st laborator y e x pe r i ment s but complexity problem. Using these models, we are now able to make ca n be u sed to mea su re i nduc t ion respon ses; 3) t he ‘ phe nom ics e ra’ models as a whole are combinations of statistical and mechanistic limits model predictive power about real-world growth scenarios. predictions about metabolic behaviour and infer the system-level has arrived, placing emphasis on high throughput screening of models, which each have benefits and drawbacks. A major To improve the real-world applicability of the structural-functional trade-offs and balances that are managed in order to sustain plant plant performance that potentially limits the detail captured per disadvantage of statistical models is that their validity cannot root growth model OpenSimRoot, we have updated it to include growth and development. In this talk I will concentrate on what we pla nt whe n u si ng t i me i nte n sive mea su re me nt s l i ke ga s e xc ha nge be guaranteed outside of the observed range of input data. Carbon calculations of soil physical structure. The model calculates soil have lea r nt about t he metabol i sm of leaves i n t he conte x t of e ffic ie nc y respon ses. Usi ng e xa mple ga s e xc ha nge data set s I w i l l i l lu st rate a nd allocation among tissues is often modeled statistically by allocating penetration resistance from soil bulk density, porosity, water status, of use of energy, nutrients and water. compa re approac hes we have developed t hat phe not y pe d i ff u sive fractions of photosynthetic carbon gain to tissues (e.g., 50% to leaves, and profile position, and uses them to adjust root diameter and and biochemical limitations influencing photosynthetic induction. 30% to stems, etc.) based on previous observations. With proper e x te n sion rate. W he n pa ra mete r i zed w it h mea su red soi l moi st u re training data, these will estimate long-term averages, but the model and bulk density, the model captures >50% of observed variation responds only to temperature, not other environmental factors. in field penetrometer measurements, and simulations of maize Thus, yield in any given year could be estimated poorly. Here we P8.19 RAISING GENETIC YIELD growth predict shallower rooting and reduced total root length in replace the partitioning model in the BioCro model with a utilization POTENTIAL BY DESIGNING WHEAT P8.21 LEAF SHAPE MODELS FOR soils with plowpan layers, consistent with field observations. Both model that allocates carbon using source and sink concentrations VIRTUAL CUCUMBER the impedance term and the growth response are calculated locally IDEOTYPES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE and a rate constant. This provides a simple mechanistic integration for eac h root t ip, a l low i ng fle x ible si mu lat ion s of sce na r ios w it h bot h of carbon transport in the plant. The model better predicts yield when spatial heterogeneity (e.g. plowpans, dry layers, macropores) and WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION using out-of-training input compared to the partitioning model. developmental plasticity (e.g. growth impedance responses that Interestingly, it also reproduces the daily cycle of soluble carbon d i ffe r w it h age or root c la ss). MIKHAIL SEMENOV (ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH, UNITED KINGDOM), KATRIN KAHLEN (HOCHSCHULE GEISENHEIM UNIVERSITY, concentration seen in plants (although out of phase with observed NIMAI SENAPATI (ROTHAMSTED RESEARCH, UNITED KINGDOM) GERMANY), DOMINIK SCHMIDT (HOCHSCHULE GEISENHEIM data) as an emergent property. The utilization model can also easily UNIVERSITY, GERMANY) be e x te nded to respond to e nv i ron me nta l fac tors, suc h a s day le ng t h [email protected] a nd wate r stat u s, wh ic h i s compa rably d i ffic u lt w it h t he pa r t it ion ing [email protected] model. T h i s model i s more computat iona l ly d i ffic u lt to solve t ha n Desig n i ng c rop ideot y pes i s a key step to ra i se genet ic y ield potent ia l the partitioning model, but is likely more suitable for addressing a Leaf shape plays a key role in the interaction of a plant with its in a target environment. In the present study, we designed wheat ma ny sc ie nt i fic quest ion s. environment and, particularly, in the plant’s light harvest. Effects ideotypes based on the Sirius process-based wheat model to increase of the environment on the interplay of canopy architecture and wheat yield potential for the 2050-climate in two high productive physiological functioning can be estimated by using functional- countries, viz.the United Kingdom (UK) and New Zealand (NZ). structural plant models (FSPMs or virtual plant models). In order A wheat ideotype was defined as a subset of Sirius cultivar to reduce the complexity of canopy simulations, leaf shape models pa ra mete rs t hat we re opt i m i zed to ma x i m i ze y ield potent ia l for used in FSPMs are often simple prototypes, which are scaled in both water-limited (IW ) and potential (IP ) conditions by 2050 2050 relation to the size of the leaves. The functional-structural plant exploring the full parameter ranges. A substantial increase in model L-Cucumber is such a FSPM, whose leaf prototype mimics yield potential, 43–51%, over current cv. Claire, was predicted average real leaf shape of unstressed cucumber plants well. for IW , whereas a 51–62% increase was obtained for IP . The 2050 2050 However, adaptation processes or stress responses may lead to non- genetic yield potentials of wheat were 16% (2.6 tonnes/ha) and 31% proportional changes in leaf geometries, which, for example, may (5 tonnes/ha) greater in NZ than in the UK under 2050-climate in result in adapted length to width ratios or additional leaf curvatures. water-limited and potential conditions, respectively. Modelling The current leaf model in L-Cucumber does mimic such changes predicts the possibility of considerable increase in yield potential in the leaf shape. Thus, the aim of this study was to improve the of winter wheat under climate change in high productive countries. prototype model of leaf shape of L-Cucumber in order to account for Wheat ideotypes optimized for future climates could provide plant dynamics and sensitivity to the environment. Three-dimensional scientists and breeders with a road map for selection of the target lea f coord i nate data f rom a sa lt st ress e x pe r i me nt we re a na lysed traits for improvement and genetic adaptation to raise the genetic with a robust Bayesian linear mixed effects model for estimating yield potential. leaf shape depending on rank, size and treatment level. First ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL,PLANT & CELL ABSTRACT 294 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 295
tightly regulated deacclimation balancing between transition to P9 TIME, TEMPERATURE, AND P9.3 TRANSCRIPTIONAL INTEGRATION reproductive growth and the need for maintained freezing tolerance. BETWEEN TEMPERATURE AND THE Cold priming has been intensively investigated whereas processes A TRANSFORMING WORLD CIRCADIAN CLOCK underlying cold memory are unknown. We showed that the freezing tolerance of two Arabidopsis accessions Col-0 and N14 was higher a f te r pr i m i ng at 4°C , a lag pha se at 20 °C a nd a second cold t r igge r TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:45 compared to only primed plants implicating cold stress memory. The triggering response differed from the priming response at DAWN NAGEL (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE, the levels of gene expression (RNA-Seq), lipid (UPLC-MS), and UNITED STATES) metabolite composition (GC-MS). Unique differentially expressed genes after triggering were overrepresented in categories such ORGANISED BY: COLLEEN DOHERTY (NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY) [email protected] as lipid and secondary metabolism, stress, redox and cell wall related functions in Col-0 and growth-related functions in N14. The circadian clock enables plants to coordinate daily external Furthermore arabidopsides were accumulated with proposed signals with internal processes, conferring enhanced fitness f u nc t ion s i n sig na l l i ng or a s prec u rsors of ja smon ic ac id . T he more a nd g row t h v igor. W h i le e x ter na l c ues suc h as temperat u re ca n P9.1 WHEN DO TREES GROW? P9.2 INTEGRATED ANALYSIS OF freezing tolerant N14 maintained levels of cold-induced metabolites entrain the clock, an important feature of the clock is the ability to ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNALS WHICH START WOODY ROOTS RESPONSE TO during the lag phase whereas strong accumulation occurred in the maintain a relatively constant period over a range of physiological less freezing tolerant Col-0 after triggering pointing to genetic AND STOP GROWTH IN DOUGLAS-FIR MECHANICAL CONSTRAINTS temperatures. The precise mechanism of how varying degrees of d i ffe re nces of t ra n sc r iptom ic a nd metabol ic pat te r n s du r i ng cold (PSEUDOTSUGA MENZIESII) temperature is perceived and integrated to balance the sensitivity memory. This is to our knowledge the first report on molecular and TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:30 and imperturbability of the clock remains poorly understood. A metabolic changes accompanying cold stress memory and triggering prev iou s f u nc t iona l ge nom ics st udy ide nt i fied seve ra l te mpe rat u re TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 09:00 by a second cold stress. DALILA TRUPIANO (DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCES AND responsive transcription factors (TRTF) that interact with the CONSTANCE A HARRINGTON (USDA PACIFIC NORTHWEST TERRITORY - UNIVERSITY OF MOLISE, ITALY), ELENA DE ZIO morning and daytime expressed clock genes in Arabidopsis. RESEARCH STATION, UNITED STATES) (DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCES AND TERRITORY - UNIVERSITY Investigation of the functional role of TRTF-C on the expression OF MOLISE, ITALY), ANTONIO MONTAGNOLI (DEPARTMENT OF of CCA1 and PRR7 suggests that at cooler temperatures, TRTF-C P9.5 A GENETIC FRAMEWORK FOR [email protected] BIOTECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SCIENCE - UNIVERSITY OF INSUBRIA, plays an important regulatory role at both the transcriptional and ITALY), GABRIELLA SFERRA (DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCES AND post-transcriptional level of these clock genes. As a result, changes TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT ROOT Douglas-fir has several types of meristems responsible for growth TERRITORY - UNIVERSITY OF MOLISE, ITALY), KARIN LJUNG in mRNA abundance contributes to a circadian phase defect. The GROWTH REGULATION AND ITS LINK of stems and roots and each tissue has its own environmental (SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES, SWEDEN), findings from this study will provide new mechanistic insights TO CLIMATE ADAPTION signals responsible for growth initiation and cessation. Plants DONATO CHIATANTE (DEPARTMENT OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND LIFE into how plants perceive and integrate temperature signals to the become dormant in the fall and the species has an obligate chilling SCIENCE - UNIVERSITY OF INSUBRIA, ITALY), GABRIELLA circadian clock, and potentially aid in the improvement of crop requirement (both chilling and forcing temperatures during the S SCIPPA (DEPARTMENT OF BIOSCIENCES AND TERRITORY - thermo-tolerance. TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:30 dormant season are required for bursting of the terminal bud). Non- UNIVERSITY OF MOLISE, ITALY) terminal vegetative buds and stem vascular meristems will resume WOLFGANG BUSCH (SALK INSTITUTE, UNITED STATES), growth in the spring more promptly after chilling but it is not an [email protected] CHRISTOPHE GAILLOCHET (SALK INSTITUTE, UNITED STATES) obl igate requ i re me nt . Spec i fic soi l cond it ion s a nd photope r iod do Progress has been made in understanding the physiological P9.4 MOLECULAR SIGNATURES FOR LOW not generally control the resumption of growth after dormancy. On [email protected] and molecular basis of root response to mechanical stress, TEMPERATURE MEMORY IN ARABIDOPSIS the other hand, cessation of height and diameter growth are both especially in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, in which Temperature is one of the most universal and profound triggered by declining photoperiod and temperature, and other bending causes the initiation of lateral root primordia toward environmental factors for organisms. Land plants can be exposed factors such as soil moisture (plant stress) may also be involved. TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 10:15 the convex side of the bent root (Ditengou et al., 2008; Richter et to dramatic changes in temperature not only throughout a growth Premature cessation of diameter growth can be triggered by high al., 2009). Conversely, woody roots are still poorly investigated season, but even throughout a single day. Despite the importance air temperatures (> 40°C) during long photoperiods. As long as soil ELLEN ZUTHER (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT due to intrinsic difficulties in excavation and sampling. of adaptive responses to fluctuating temperatures, our current moisture is adequate, root growth is controlled by soil temperature. PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), STEPHANIE SCHAARSCHMIDT (MAX By using a simple experimental system, we previously found understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling plant Understanding the phenology of Douglas-fir has been greatly PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, that the intensity of tension and compression forces in bent responses to changing temperatures is very incomplete. Moreover, facilitated with a combination of controlled experiments and GERMANY), AXEL FISCHER (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF woody roots (Populus nigra L.) elicit asymmetric responses much of what is known for land plants is centred on aboveground long-te r m , fi ne -sca le mon itor i ng of pla nt g row t h u nde r a ra nge of MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), ALEXANDER ERBAN in the two bent root sides, important to regulate processes tissues. However, root growth also responds profoundly to environmental conditions. There is genetic variation in phenology (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, such as cambial cell proliferation, reaction wood (RW) temperature changes. We aim to understand how temperature of Doug la s-fi r w it h t he g reatest va r iat ion a mong ge not y pes i n t he GERMANY), MAJKEN PAGTER (DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY formation and lignin accumulation in the concave side and is sensed and how the sensing of temperature elicits root growth t i m i ng of te r m i na l budbu rst . T h i s t i m i ng i n fluences respon ses suc h AND BIOSCIENCE, AALBORG UNIVERSITY, DENMARK), lateral roots formation in the convex side (De Zio et al., 2016). respon ses. We have profi led root a nd hy pocot yl g row t h i n muta nt s as avoiding frost, completing substantial growth prior to summer UMARAH MUBEEN (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR Thus, cambial zone and its surrounding areas were isolated from of known shoot thermo-response-related genes and pathways. drought, and the severity of needle cast diseases associated with PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), DIRK WALTHER (MAX PLANCK convex and concave sides of bent poplar root and analyzed by UHPLC- I nte rest i ng ly we fi nd pronou nced d i ffe rences bet ween root a nd shoot availability of young foliage. Understanding the factors which INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), MS/MS to profile IAA metabolites, ABA and CKs. In the concave side, growth responses for a number of these mutants. We also make use cont rol g row t h a l lows model i ng of f ut u re phenolog y u nde r d i ffe rent PATRICK GIAVALISCO (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOLOGY OF IAA gradient plays a pivotal role in the control of cambial growth rate of the vast phenotypic and genetic natural variation in Arabidopsis climate scenarios. AGING, GERMANY), JOACHIM KOPKA (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF and xylem differentiation, and it could be at the basis of the strictly MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), HEIKE SPRENGER thaliana, a spec ies t hat ha s colon i zed reg ion s w it h va st ly d i ffe re nt unidirectional RW production toward this side. Furthermore, the (VIB-UGENT CENTER FOR PLANT SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, BELGIUM), temperature profiles. We find starkly distinct growth responses h igher levels of A BA a nd a l l CK s metabol ites i n t he concave side DIRK K. HINCHA (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT to high temperature in different accessions ofArabidopsis . Using support their involvement in RW production, whereby ABA could PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY) genome wide association studies for root growth at different mediate the adaptation to the deforming conditions generated by tempe rat u res, we have fou nd a nu mbe r of h ig h con fidence ca nd idate bending, while CKs could act in synergy with IAA to control cell [email protected] genes, some of which overlap with genes associated to temperature division and differentiation (De Zioet al., 2019). parameters at the sites of origin of these accessions. We are currently Plants from temperate regions increase their freezing tolerance investigating the role of selected candidate gene and the molecular during exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures, a process called pathways they are associated with in temperature responses and cold acclimation or cold priming as plants become better prepared explore links to adaptation to different temperatures. for subsequent stresses. Adaptation to alternating temperatures enables plants to survive winter and to cope with recurring cold periods. In spring loss of freezing tolerance occurs during a ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 296 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 297
c loc k , ou r fi nd i ngs suggest J M J D5 does not d i rec t ly reg u late H 3K 36 P9.6 UNRAVELING THE MOLECULAR met hylat ion at c i rcad ia n loc i. Suc h data re fi ne ou r u nde rsta nd i ng P9.9 NIGHT-TIME TEMPERATURE AND P9.11 SEASONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING PLANT of how JMDJ5 acts within the Arabidopsis circadian system. FLOWER-OPENING TIME DYNAMICS RESPONSES AND ADAPTATIONS CLOCK FUNCTION AFFECT CROP ADAPTATION IN A REVEALED BY FIELD TRANSCRIPTOME CHANGING CLIMATE IN PLANTS TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:00 P9.8 THE “TEMPERATURE NICHE” OF PLANT PATHOGENS WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:00 WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:00 JOSE PRUNEDA-PAZ (UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO) KRISHNA JAGADISH (KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY, UNITED AKIKO SATAKE (KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN) TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:45 [email protected] STATES) [email protected] L ike most organisms that live on our planet, plants evolved an THOMAS CHALONER (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, UNITED accurate mechanism to time physiological responses throughout [email protected] KINGDOM), SARAH GURR (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, The intermittent and synchronized production of a large amount the day. This mechanism, known as the circadian clock, UNITED KINGDOM), DAN BEBBER (UNIVERSITY OF EXETER, Heat escape mechanisms allow crops to move heat-sensitive of flowers and seeds is called masting or mast seeding. Fagaceae is integrates with most major plant signaling modules. One goal UNITED KINGDOM) processes, such as flowering to cooler times of the day, thus a fa m i ly of flowe r i ng pla nt s t hat i nc ludes t y pica l ma st i ng spec ies of my research program is to investigate how biotic and abiotic increasing their survival on exposure to heat stress. However, such as beech, oak, and tanbark oak. Applying recent advances stress regulates the plant clock function in the Arabidopsis model. [email protected] i nc rea se i n n ig ht-t i me tempe rat u res ca n a lte r t h i s flowe r i ng st rateg y in molecular and genetic studies about flowering time control to In particular, we are focused on uncovering the transcriptional and other heat stress responses. In both rice and wheat, increasing masting species is increasingly useful to unravel the underlying mec ha n i sm s t hat modu late: 1) t he c loc k f u nc t ion upon biot ic a nd The ability of a plant pathogen to successfully establish in an area, night-time temperatures have a significant negative impact on yield mechanism of masting. To unravel genetic basis of masting abiotic stress and 2) the circadian control of stress responses. as well as disperse into virgin territory, is determined by many a nd qua l it y. I w i l l prese nt ou r resea rc h on flowe r- ope n i ng t i me a nd dynamics in the Fagacea family, we performed comparative field For that, we established approaches to investigate how the complex and interacting processes. These include host availability, the impacts of night-time temperature on grain yield and quality by transcriptomics of three Fagaceae species, Fagus crenata, Quercus Arabidopsis clock function is modulated by bacterial pathogens accessible migratory routes, and abiotic factors such as moisture exploring the physiological, metabolomic and enzymatic responses glauca, and Lithocarpus edulis,at Ito ca mpu s of Ky u shu Un ive rsit y or temperature stress and to identify genome-wide transcription availability and temperature. Each stage of a pathogen’s life cycle and strategies developed to better adapt these sensitive staple crops in Japan.Our transcriptome analyses unraveled the non-intuitive fac tor - DNA i nte rac t ion s. I w i l l present recent i mprovement s (i.e. infection, disease development, and sporulation) can only to a changing warmer climate. relationship between seasonal environment and expression to our transcription factor screening approach and illustrate occur within a thermal limit, whereby optimum temperature is profiles of genes involved in flowering-time control, nitrogen/ how this strategy allowed us to discover novel temperature- bounded by a minimum and maximum temperature. As temperature sugar transport, and photosynthesis. Although many orthologus responsive regulators of the plant clock. deviates from optimum, the rate of a biological process declines from genes exhibited conserved expression patterns, there were ma x i mu m , towa rd s ze ro. He nce, opt i mu m , m i n i mu m , a nd ma x i mu m g roups t hat show d i st i nc t ly d i ffe rent e x pression pat te r n bet ween temperature – collectively referred to as cardinal temperature (CT) P9.10 CONTROL OF FLOWER species. We also identified co-expression patterns that are shared – de fi ne a pat hogen s tempe rat u re respon se, for a g iven stage of it s INITIATION IN THE MONOECIOUS a mong spec ies a nd est i mated t he cont r ibut ion of l i neage -spec i fic life cycle. CT in-part shapes pathogen biogeography and resultant P9.7 ARABIDOPSIS JMJD5/JMJ30 ACTS QUERCUS SUBER L. ge ne e x pression to reproduc t ive phe not y pes. O u r co - e x pression crop risk, both in space and time, by restricting pathogens to areas of INDEPENDENTLY OF LUX ARRHYTHMO analyses and comparison of protein coding sequences provide climatic suitability. Here, published CT estimates were collated for WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 10:30 i n sig ht s i nto t ra n sc r iptome evolut ion i n t he conte x t reproduc t ive WITHIN THE PLANT CIRCADIAN >600 plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes.Utilising this dataset, strategy in trees. CLOCK TO ENABLE TEMPERATURE we fi rst test t he hy pot hesi s t hat tempe rat u re ha s a n a sy m met r ic MARIA MANUELA R COSTA (UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO, effect on biological processes, i.e. from optimum, temperature COMPENSATION PORTUGAL), RÓMULO SOBRAL (UNIVERIDADE DO MINHO, increases have a greater inhibitory effect than temperature PORTUGAL), HELENA SILVA (UNIVERSIDADE DO MINHO, decreases. Second, we test the hypothesis that temperature- TUESDAY 2 JULY, 2019 14:30 PORTUGAL) spec ia l i st pat hoge n s a l so spec ia l i se i n ot he r n ic he a xes. T h i rd , we P9.12 TRANSCRIPTOMIC PROFILES test the hypothesis that the evolutionary capacity of pathogens ACCURATELY PREDICT THE DORMANCY MATT A JONES (UNIVERSITY OF ESSEX, UNITED KINGDOM), [email protected] to alter their CT is limited. Finally, we investigate how climatic KENGO MOROHASHI (TOKYO UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE NODA, STAGES IN SWEET CHERRY FLOWER BUDS change may alter global pathogen biogeography. Our research aims JAPAN), ERICH GROTEWOLD (MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, Several plant species display a temporal separation of the male and to i mprove ou r f u nda me nta l u nde rsta nd i ng of bot h t he “ te mpe rat u re UNITED STATES), STACEY L HARMER (UNIVERSITY OF fe ma le flowe r orga n developme nt to e n ha nce outbreed i ng, howeve r, WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 11:30 n ic he” of spec ies a nd how te mpe rat u re i n flue nces t he pla nt pat hoge n CALIFORNIA DAVIS, UNITED STATES) little is known regarding the genetic mechanisms controlling this ecology and evolution. temporal separation. Quercus suber is a monoecious oak tree with BÉNÉDICTE WENDEN (UMR 1332 BFP, INRA, UNIV. BORDEAUX, [email protected] accentuated protandry: in late winter, unisexual male flowers FRANCE), NOÉMIE VIMONT (INRA, AGRO INNOVATION emerge close to the dormant buds, whereas unisexual female INTERNATIONAL - CENTRE MONDIAL D’INNOVATION - GROUPE The circadian system ensures that plants respond appropriately to flowers emerge in spring (4 to 8 weeks after male flowering). Here, ROULLIER, FRANCE), MATHIEU FOUCHÉ (INRA, FRANCE), environmental change by predicting regular transitions that occur cork oa k homologs of key flora l reg u lator y genes were ident i fied JOSÉ ANTONIO CAMPOY (INRA, FRANCE), MEIXUEZI TONG during diel cycles. In order to be most useful, the circadian system by phylogenetic profiling and their role in flower development (THE SAINSBURY LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, needs to be compensated against daily and seasonal changes in accessed by performing functional studies in Arabidopsis UNITED KINGDOM), MUSTAPHA ARKOUN (AGRO INNOVATION temperature that would otherwise alter the pace of this biological thaliana. T he e x pression profi le of flowe r reg u lators (i nduce rs a nd INTERNATIONAL - CENTRE MONDIAL D’INNOVATION - GROUPE oscillator. We demonstrate that an evening-phased protein, the repressors) throughout the year, in leaves and buds, suggests that ROULLIER, FRANCE), JEAN-CLAUDE YVIN (AGRO INNOVATION putat ive h i stone demet hyla se J M J D5, cont r ibutes to tempe rat u re the development of male and female flowers may be preceded by INTERNATIONAL - CENTRE MONDIAL D’INNOVATION - GROUPE compensation. JMJD5 is co-expressed with components of the temporarily separated induction events. Female flowers are most ROULLIER, FRANCE), PHILIP A WIGGE (THE SAINSBURY Eve n i ng Comple x , a n agg lome rat ion of protei n s i nc lud i ng E A R LY likely induced during the vegetative flush occurring in spring, LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), FLOWERING3 (ELF3), ELF4, and LUX ARRHYTHYMO (LUX), whereas male flowers may be induced in early summer and start ELISABETH DIRLEWANGER (INRA, FRANCE), SANDRA CORTIJO which also integrates temperature changes into the molecular forming inside the buds, but complete their development only in (THE SAINSBURY LABORATORY, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, clockwork. One role of the Evening Complex is to regulate the growth season of the following year, displaying a long period UNITED KINGDOM) expression of PSEUDORESPONSE REGULATOR9 (PRR9) and of anthesis that spans the dormant period. The results portray a PRR7, important components of the temperature compensation genetic mechanism highly dependent on environment conditions [email protected] mechanism. Surprisingly we find that LUX, but not other Evening that may justify poor reproductive success in tree species with Complex components, is dispensable for clock function at low similar reproductive habits. Bud dormancy is a crucial stage in perennial trees and allows survival te mpe rat u res. Fu r t he r ge net ic a na lysi s suggest s J M J D5 ac t s i n a over winter and optimal subsequent flowering and fruit production. parallel pathway to LUX within the circadian system. Although an E nv i ron me nta l cond it ion s, a nd i n pa r t ic u la r te mpe rat u re, have i ntac t J M J D5 cata ly t ic doma i n i s requ i red for it s f u nc t ion w it h i n t he been show n to i n fluence bud dor ma nc y. Recent work h ig h l ig hted ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 298 ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 299
some physiological and molecular events happening during bud into the future, by raising the levels of CO2 to that predicted for 2050 dormancy in trees. However, we still lack a global understanding P9.14 A CONNECTOR INTEGRATING allowing for direct observation of the impacts on the ecosystem of a P9.17 PHYLOGEOGRAPHY AND NICHE- of transcriptional changes happening during bud dormancy. We CARBON PARTITIONING AND DEMAND 150 year old oak forest. Fine roots represent a key element of forest MODELLING RELATIVE TO PAST AND conduc ted a fi ne t u ne te mpora l t ra n sc r iptom ic a na lysi s of sweet ecosystems, estimated to contribute up to 33% of global production. FUTURE CLIMATE SCENARIOS IN cherry (Prunus avium L .) flowe r bud s f rom bud orga nogenesi s u nt i l IN PLANTS Roots play an important role in carbon, water, and nutrient cycling t he e nd of bud dor ma nc y u si ng ne x t-ge ne rat ion seque nc i ng. We but a re of te n u nde r i nvest igated due to d i ffic u lt ies i n data col lec t ion . LINUM BIENNE, THE WILD RELATIVE observe that buds in organogenesis, paradormancy, endodormancy WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:00 Nondestructive monitoring of root growth is challenging, and data OF CULTIVATED FLAX and ecodormancy are characterised by distinct transcriptional is affected by heterogeneity across sampling locations. This talk CAMILA CALDANA (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR states, a nd a ssoc iated w it h d i ffe rent pat hways. We a lso fou nd t hat will detail the results of root growth research conducted using WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:00 transcriptional profiles of just seven genes are enough to predict the PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY), CAROLINA C MONTE BELLO minirhizotrons and soil cores at the BIFoR research site, and the ma i n c he r r y t ree flowe r bud dor ma nc y stages. O u r resu lt s i nd icate (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, appl icat ion of stoc ha st ic model l i ng to i nvest igate d i ffe re nces i n fi ne BEATRICE LANDONI (UNIVERSITY OF PORTSMOUTH, UNITED that transcriptional changes happening during dormancy are GERMANY), MARINA CM MARTINS (UNIVERSITY OF SAO PAULO, root populations grown under ambient and elevated CO . 2 KINGDOM), JUAN VIRUEL (RBG KEW, UNITED KINGDOM), robu st a nd con se r ved bet ween d i ffe rent sweet c he r r y c u lt iva rs. BRAZIL), AKIKO SATAKE (KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), ROCIO PEREZ-BARRALES (UNIVERSITY OF PORTSMOUTH, Our work opens up avenues for the development of future molecular MOTORHIDE SEKI (KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, JAPAN), ALEX WEBB UNITED KINGDOM) phenology models. (UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), ANTHONY ARTINS (MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE OF MOLECULAR PLANT P9.16 WHY WE DO NEED MORE [email protected] PHYSIOLOGY, GERMANY) EXPERIMENTAL PHENOLOGY This study aims to describe the phylogenetic relationships within P9.13 DYNAMIC PLASTICITY OF THE [email protected] the species Linum bienne across its whole distribution and in relation WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 16:30 to past and future climate. L. bienne is an herbaceous species present ARABIDOPSIS CIRCADIAN OSCILLATOR As sessile organisms, plants have a great plasticity to adapt to i n t he Nea r Ea st, t he Med ite r ra nea n ba si n , a nd t he At la nt ic coa st s fluctuating environmental conditions adjusting their growth and IN RESPONSE TO SUGAR SIGNALS ISABELLE CHUINE (CNRS, FRANCE) of Europe, which makes L. bienne ideal for studying plant adaptation developmental demands. The Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway to different climates. Surprisingly it is poorly described, especially has emerged as a central hub in this network, integrating metabolic WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 14:30 [email protected] considering its contribution in L. usitatissimum domestication, an signals, energy status and hormones to a wide range of growth- oil and fibre crop. UnlikeL. bienne, genomic data are available for L. mediated processes. Our group is interested in understanding how The phenology of plants is a key regulator of agro-ecosystem ALEX AR WEBB (UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM) usitatissimum, including its whole chloroplast genome. Relatively the TOR pathway fine-tunes carbon partitioning accordingly to processes and biosphere feedbacks to the climate system. variable and small, cp-genomes increasingly appear in barcoding, the diel and photoperiod changes to optimize biosynthetic growth. Phenology process-based models are classically used in ecology [email protected] biogeography, adaptation, and agronomic studies. To reach our aim Although starch is an important carbon sink, it also serves as a a nd ag ronomy to projec t f ut u re phe nolog ica l c ha nges. T hey a re we need to: 1) assemble and annotate the L. bienne cp-genome; 2) source for overall growth and development under periods of carbon integrated into more complex plant models used to predict species T he de fi n i ng c ha rac te r i st ic of c i rcad ia n rhy t h m s i s t hat t hey have desc r ibe t he spec ies va r iat ion i n relat ion to it s c u r re nt d i st r ibut ion ; limitation, such as darkness. The efficient release of sugars from distribution range shifts and agronomic yields, and into terrestrial a pe r iod of about 2 4 h . Howeve r, c i rcad ia n pe r iod i s not fi xed , it i s 3) explore the adaptive value of cp-genomes. 89 L. bienne accessions starch reserves can have profound consequences on plant growth. biosphere models. Although they describe known or suspected variable. Many signals regulate the speed of the circadian clock from 44 populations, five ruderalL. usitatissimum accessions, and one Not surprisingly, a common phenotype of transgenic Arabidopsis cause-effect relationships between physiological processes and in a reversible manner, with the effect dependent on the time of accession for L. narbonense (outgroup) were sequenced with Illumina lines with repression of TORC components is an increase in starch some d r iv i ng fac tors i n t he pla nt s’ e nv i ron me nt, t hei r abi l it y to the day, a process we have called dynamic plasticity (Webb et al., H i Seq X (150×150bp). R aw read s we re qua l it y c hec ked a nd mapped content. By combining molecular and chemical genetics approaches, provide accurate projections in future climatic conditions has 2019). We have been investigating the mechanism and purpose of (Bowtie2) to the available L. usitatissimum reference (NC_036356.1), biochemical and physiological assays, and omics technologies, we been recently questioned. These models are still very simple the dynamic plasticity of the circadian oscillator to sugar signals. We yielding an average 200× coverage. Following variant calling showed that down-regulation of TORC leads to accumulation of compa red to t he ac t ua l comple x it y of t he reg u lat ion of cel l ac t iv it y have previously demonstrated that sugars can speed up the circadian (bcftools, vcfR), we ran a discriminant analysis of principal starch in the light, which is independent of its synthesis mediated by by environmental factors. However, their robustness could be osc i l lator a nd ide nt i fied t h ree sig na l l i ng pat hways by wh ic h suga rs compone nt s. T he fi rst t wo compone nt s (~8 0 % tota l va r ia nce) a l ig n ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase. In contrast, the levels of maltose, sig n i fica nt ly i mproved i f data on t he t i m i ng of bud endodor ma nc y ac t, i nc lud i ng one depe nde nt on t he reg u lat ion of t he e x pression accessions along the west-east axis of L. bienne distribution, with L. t he ma i n sta rc h brea kdow n produc t, we re lowe r i n pla nt s e x posed (dormancy triggered by endogenous factors) release were available. of the circadian clock gene PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR usitatissimum at the east-end of the spectrum. Follow-up analyses to short-term inhibition of TORC when compared to the control, Indeed, they are, most of the time, parameterized using inverse 7 (PRR7) by the energy sensitive transcription factor bZIP63 include phylogenetic reconstruction using maximum likelihood suggesting an impaired starch breakdown in the light. Our results modelling technics with data on bud break date only, which are not (Frank et al., 2018). We are now investigating why the circadian and niche modelling using the WorldClim datasets. further indicate that TOR-mediated control of starch degradation su ffic ie nt to est i mate t he pa ra mete rs t hat dete r m i ne t he dy na m ics oscillator responds to sugar signals. We will describe new data that seems to be particularly photoperiod-dependent, operating at of e ndodor ma nc y acc u rately. Yet, t he dy na m ics of e ndodor ma nc y demonstrates that the circadian oscillator responds to endogenous specific time-points of the diel cycle. Unravelling the key regulatory release, which is mainly affected by chilling temperature during changes in sugars that affect the entrainment of the circadian modes in this process is of great significance for elucidating how w i nte r, c u r re nt ly represe nt s t he major sou rce of u nce r ta i nt y for oscillator to light intensity and photoperiod dependent on the correct carbon availability is translated into growth. the future. I will present an overview of the ongoing questions P9.18 THE INTERDEPENDENT functioning of PRR7. Experimentation and mathematical modelling in forest tree phenology and an attempt to solve some of them REGULATION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS demonstrate that responses of the circadian oscillator to responses experimentally. My take home message will be that there is to mode rate c ha nges i n l ig ht i nte n sit y ca n be e x pla i ned i n te r m s AND THE CIRCADIAN CLOCK IN WHEAT an urgent need for more experimental phenology and for high of changes in sugar signalling associated with the management throughput technics able to produce data on the endodormancy of transient starch reserves in the leaf. Our data suggest that P9.15 THE IMPACT OF ELEVATED WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 17:15 dynamics in non-model species. response the circadian oscillator to endogenous sugar signals is CARBON DIOXIDE ON FINE ROOT required for the correct timing of internal events with respect to GROWTH IN A TEMPERATE OAK FOREST GARETH STEED (UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED the environment. KINGDOM), LAURA TAYLOR (UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM), MATTHEW HANNAH (BASF AGRICULTURAL WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 15:15 SOLUTIONS, BELGIUM), ALEX AR WEBB (UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE, UNITED KINGDOM) CLARE ZIEGLER (UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), ROSEMARY J DYSON (UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM, [email protected] UNITED KINGDOM), IAIN G JOHNSTON (UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM) The circadian clock is an endogenous timing mechanism that allows organisms to coordinate physical and behavioural processes with [email protected] the natural light dark cycle. Synchronisation between the circadian clock and environment in Arabidopsis thaliana can increase carbon As an important carbon sink, investigations into the effect assimilation (Dodd et al., 2005) and therefore has the potential of elevated carbon dioxide on temperate forests are essential to contribute towards yield increases which are desperately to understanding the future impact of climate change. The needed to fill the predicted yield gap (Hawkesfordet al., 2013). I am Bi r m i ng ha m I n st it ute of Forest Resea rc h ( BI FoR) offe rs a g l i mpse ANNUAL MEETING SEVILLE 2019 ANIMAL, PLANT & CELL ABSTRACTS 300 SOCIETY FOR EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY WE PARTNER WITH INTERNATIONAL SOCIETIES, PUBLISHERS AND i nvest igat i ng t he mec ha n i sm a nd e x te nt to wh ic h t he c i rcad ia n c loc k a nd photosy nt hesi s reg u late eac h ot he r i n wheat. Despite t he OTHER ORGANISATIONS TO central importance of the circadian clock relatively little is known SAVE OUR MEMBERS MONEY ON of its genetic composition within wheat. Several wheat orthologues of Arabidopsis thaliana clock genes have been identified which CONFERENCE REGISTRATION FEES affect flowering time. The wheat orthologue ofELF3 underlies the AND PUBLICATIONS. Eps-Am 1 locus in Triticum monococcum (Alvarez et al., 2016) and an orthologue of LUX ARRYTHMO/PHYTOCLOCK 1 (LUX) underlies the Eps- 3Am locus in T. monococcum which leads to a distorted circadian clock (Gawronski et al., 2014). We have developed lines from the T. turgidum “ K ronos” T I L L I NG popu lat ion t hat ca r r y mutat ions in circadian clock genes. To non-invasively measure circadian rhythms I have optimised chlorophyll a fluoresce nce i mag i ng a nd developed a novel, low-cost, leaf temperature measuring tool. I have u sed RT- qPC R to dete r m i ne t he e ffec t of mutat ion s on ge ne e x pression a nd i nvest igated t he i mpac t t hat t he major produc t of photosynthesis, sucrose, has on the wheat circadian clock. I have recently phenotyped yield traits to understand whether mutations of the wheat circadian clock could be agronomically useful.
P9.19 FISH IN A BIOGEOCHEMICAL BARREL: TAKING AIM AT THE EVOLUTIONARY CONSEQUENCES OF NUTRIENT CO-LIMITATION IN FRESHWATER
WEDNESDAY 3 JULY, 2019 POSTER SESSION BEST IAIN D C HILL (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), SCOTT D YOUNG (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM), ANDREW D C MACCOLL (UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM, UNITED KINGDOM) [email protected] BUDS How does t he c he m i st r y of t he abiot ic e nv i ron me nt a ffec t biot ic evolution? Organisms require approximately 25 elements to construct themselves, and the occurrence of these varies spatiotemporally in the environment, yet we know almost nothing about the elemental composition of animals beyond that of the commonest elements (C, N, P, K). The potential consequences of elemental variation could have great significance for organismal adaptation and interactions with the environment. The adaptive radiation of three-spined sticklebacks inhabiting lochs on the island of North Uist, Scotland provides an ideal study system to ex plore the effects of elemental var iation due to the d i fferences in chemical composition of the various water bodies on the island which were formed, inhabited and isolated as the last ice age receded. To examine this, we have taken samples of fish and recorded environmental variables from individual lochs and analysed these through inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We use these results to relate the elemental composition of the fish to the chemical composition of the study sites, revealing site spec i fic va r iat ion s i n stoic h iomet r y t hat a re l i kely t he resu lt of a combination of abiotic, dietary, plastic and evolutionary differences. We will investigate these varying causes using subsequent common ga rden e x pe r i ment s. A nt h ropogen ic c ha nges to t he env i ron ment manifest not only in the well documented effects on global climate, but also the chemical composition of most factors associated with the modern world. Increasing our understanding about these factors, will arm us to mitigate potentially detrimental shifts in environmental conditions. Take a look at our partner discounts here: http://www.sebiology.org/membership/benefits-of-membership