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The Second World War in Europe

The Second World War in Europe

Index Compiled by the author

'A4': the German rocket bomb, JB, Adony (Hungary): occupies, Japanese reinforcements to, 366-7 616 intercepted,4l S AS (Belgian fishing vessel): at Dunkirk, : and help for Yugoslav Alexander Nevsky: an Order named 8, partisans, 4JI afrer,347 A-54: an Allied agent inside Germany, Adven'ure (British ): Alexander, General Sir Harold: at 1S,ll0 damaged, '9 Dunkirk, 81, 8}; at Rangoon, 306; (Germany): encircled, 600; Aegean Islands: depotted from, falls back to India, 3'5; and El falls, 60.4, 606; Allies push eastwud 406; and an escape line, 4'5~; Alamein, 371; and Tunisia, 41&-,; in from,6IJ Germans trapped on, 584 , 459, S09, 5u -3, 54' Aarhus (Denmark): air attack on Africa: 'will be defended' (Hitler), 4'9 Alexander, John: taken prisoner, 648 headquaners at, 608, 610 Afridi (British deslroyer): hit, 58 Alexander of , King: and the

Aaron W",d (US deslroyer): sunk, 41, Afrermath, the: the 'ugly creatures' of, Cetnilc.sl 181 Aba (a British hospital ship): attacked, 7JO (): french warships .84 Agordat (Eritrea): occupied, '55 at , 109; British rc-inforcements reach, Abadan (Iran): threat to oil at, 348 Aha (Okinawa): Americas enter, 668 111,143; Hitler's thoughts on, 1)5; a : (): Germans reach, 6,; Aid to Appeal: launched, 140 threat to, 145; an Italian manned­ British hold line near, 87 Air Medal (with Oak Leaf Clusters): raid on, ..so; British fall back Abbottabad (India): a listening post, awarded,61t towards, 336, 337; Rommel denied ~, Air power: and 'poetic justice" ".H; and capture of, ,.1 Abdullah, Emir of Transjordan: and "a strange, stern iustice', 500 Alexandrovka (Leningrad): captured, 133 'tbe end is sure', J78 .... i,.dale (British destroyer): sunk, In Algeria: Allied landing on, in prospect, Ahemana A.olI (Gilberl Islands): Aisne River (france): battle on, 83, 86 347, 371, 374, 375; Rommel fail. to attacked, 476 Aitape (New Guinea): landings on, 51' regain border of, 402.; used for Brjtish 'Aberdeen' (Burma): landing a., 506 Ajax (British destroyer); in action,s, 34 'shuttle bombing' raids, 4J' Abetz, Otto: in , 1-«; at .uagi (Japanese aircrafr carrier): sunk, Algiers (Algeria): a secret landing at, Ras.enburg, :l.J5 no 371; Allied forces disembark at, 375, Abraham: God's promise to, H8 Akulovo (near ): Germans 376; a French warship reaches, )83; a Abramescu, General: refused driven from, 1('1 manned-torpedo attack on, 385; a permission to withdraw, S74 Akyab (Burma): reconquest of, fails, war crimes trial at, 50S Abusch, Waller: execuIed,:l.7 ,,08 Aliakhmon Line (): German. Acas'a (Bri.ish destroyer): sunk, 8, Alam Haifa (Western Desert): Rommel advanec on, 173; Germans overrun, Achilles (British destroyer): sunk, 8, forced '0 withdraw from, JS8 174 Adak (Aleutian Islands): American Alamogordo (New Mexico): an atomic Alimnia Island (Aegean Sea): attack from, JJ~ bomb tested at, 704, 707 commandos captured near, 514 Adana (): Churchill's mission : invasion of Greece from, IH; Allen, Captain: shot, 78'11 to, 517 Greek troops advance into, .4', 148; Allenstein (): acquired by Addis Ababa (E.hiopia): British an Italian counter-auade in, fails, 161; , 711 advance to, 153; evacuated, 169; the halians advance from once more, Allied Declaration (of '7 December Emperor returns to, 179 171-3; declares war on Russia, W1; 194:1.): and the fate of the Jews, ,87 Addu Atoll (Maldive Islands): 3'4 resistance activity in, ...." 717; and an Altman, Mania: murdered, 66, Aden: bombed, !/D Allied deception plan, 494; partisans Alor Star (Malaya): '49, :1.78 Adenauer, Dr Konrad: and reparations in, harass Germans, 5'4; Germans Alsace (france): Allies advance for Jews, 73S; and the return of fall back from, 615; in the Sovie. bloc, towards, 613 German prisoners-of~war in Russia, 713 (nonhern ): a 738 Albert Canal (Belgium): attacked, 61 German warship at, 340 Adlon Hotel (): and a British air A.lb_rt H. Boe (US Liberty Ship): ready Altenwalde (West Germany): a German raid, 118 for sea, 715 rocket .ested a., by the Bri.ish, 7'4 Gral Spee (German pocket Albert, Lucien: killed, 511 , Altona': the code word to postpone ): sinks a British merchant Alderney (Channel Islands): forced -BarbarOSIa',191 ship, 18; scuttled, '4 labourers on way from, drowned, 551 .... "marl (German auxiliary ship): Admiral Hipper (German heavy Aldershot (): bombed, 108 boarded, 4:1. ): beaten off, 187 Ale:kseyevka (): a Jewish unit in Aluminium: the search for, to make .... dmiral von Schur (German pocket action al, 407 aircraft, 110 battlc:ship): attacks a , 138; in Alen~on (france): Free french .roops Alytus (): battle at, '99 the Arctic, 340 reach,567 Amagi (Japanese ): sunk, Admiral.y (Leningrad): spires of, :l.n Alesund (Norway): plan to land at, IS; 709 Admiralty Island. (Pacific): captured, Norwegians arrested al, ShOl, 311 Amaquiri (japanese destroyer): in 5.6 Aleutian 1,lands: landings on, no; action, .... 9 INDEX

Amberieu (France): sabotage at, 51B camp near, 12.7; bombing raid on, 418; approach, 348; Germans driven from, Amboina (Dutch East Indies): fate of liberat~d, 585; to be cut off, 585; 397; battles west of, 398 prisoners-of-war on, 2.97 'Flying Bomb' attacks on, 601, 608, Armenia: German plans for, [93 American-British-Conversations (A8C): 613,616; help for, 611-1; Hider's plan Armstrong, Brigadier Gen~ral Clare H.: held in Washington, 154; agreement to recapture, 615; a rocket bomb at , 6u-2. reached during, 167 attack on, 62.0.62.1; rocket equipment Armstrong, George: hanged, 132. American Civil War: the first execution despatched to America rhrough, 695 'Arnaud' (Alec Rabinovitch): his for desenion since, 636 4.nzio (Italy): a planned landing at, 490; sabotage mission, 504 American Rangers: participate in landing at, 491, 492.; Allies pinned Arndt, Professor Walther: executed, , H 3 down at, 495; and Angelita, 496; and 546 American Red Cross: Roosevelt's a German offensive, 497; the Arnhem (Holland): a parachute landing appeal for, 76 bridgehead at, trapped, 498; at, 593; air supplies to, 594; Canadian Amerika (Hitler's train): 4, 1}3, 134, continuing battle at, 499, 509; a break­ forces reach, 666 147,172,279; damaged, 476-7 out from, 52.6-? Arnim, General von: in Tunisia, his Amery, Julian: active behind German Aosta, Duke of: evacuates Addis losing battle, 402. lines in Albania, 71.7 Ababa, 169 Arras (France): a British counter-attack

Amery I John: his trial and execution, Aparri (): Japanese land at, at, 70 71 7 176 Areno (Italy); partisans near, in action, Amieos (France): Germans reach, 69; Apeldoorn (Holland): Jewish mental 544; partisans near, captured, 554 executions in, 499 patients sent to Auschwitz from 395; Arno River (Italy): American troops Amsterdam (Holland): children flee, 67; a hijack attempt near, followed by cross, 584 strikes, and reprisals, in 158; an reprisals, 646 •Aromatic' (Edward Rizzo): a British execution in, ]60; Jews expelled into, Arab Legion, the: 'will fight anybody', agent, 177 188; a bombing mission against, 42.S; IB1 Arrow Cross, the: in , 603; a 'horrifying' scene in, reported to 'Arabel': a , 111, 537, 541, executions by, 604 Hider. 440; Anne Frank in, 516; Anne 611 Artois (France): British troops in, 73 Frank deported from, 565; 'Death Arakan Coast (Burma): advance along, 'Aryan' superiority: 2.4, 366, 390"""91, Candidates' in, 646 646 40B-9 Anami, General: against surrender. A,ando,a Sta, (luxury liner): sunk, Ascension Island (South Atlantic): and 716; commits suicide, 717 106 the sinking of the LAconia, 360 Ancona (ltaJy): Jews of, warned in time, Arawe Peninsula (New Britain): an Asche (a French secret agent): and 466 American landing on, 481 Enigma, 39 Andalsnes (Norway): landing at, 55; Arc de Triomphe (Paris): on, Aschersleben (Germany): bombed, 489, withdra wal from, 57 94; prlsoners.-of-war machine gunned 101 Andaman Islands (Bay of Bengal): at, 580; Churchill and de Gaulle at, Ascot (British merchant ship): Japanese occupy, 312.; a clandestine 611 torpedoed, 500 landing on, 394j Japanese on, Archambault, Jean-Paul: his sabotage Ascq (France): a reprisal in, 512.-3 surrender, 725 mission, in France, 515; his mission Asia: Stalin's possible withdrawal into, Anders, General Wladyslaw: describes behind japanese lines in Burma, 694 2.35; and terror, 2.97 a battlefield, 526 Arctic Circle: British troops north of, Asia (Goering's train): at Calais, 1l.3 Anderson, Staff Sergeant Beaufort T.: 61 'Asia for the Asiatics': and the Indian his courage, 661. Archan~e1 (): planned National Army, 178 Andrew of Greece, Prince: 148, 166, 465 German advance to, 115, 147; British Asiatic Russia: a barner to be erected Andrew of Greece, Princess: hides Jews, aid to Russia through, ~14, 11}; against, 147 46 5 British convoys to, 139. 141, 32.5. 32.7 'Asiatics'; Stalin's comment (on the 'Angel of Death': at Auschwitz, 43' Archer (British aircraft carrier): in Russians and japanese), 173 Angelita (an Italian girl): at , 496 action.4}1 Askaris: war dead of, 746 (France): a clandestine landing Arctic Convoys: 2.13, 2. 39, 142. 32. •., 325, Assam (India): and the siege of Kohima, near, 'PS; arrests near, SIS 31.7, 33~340' 359; a wd,om~ rdief 114 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: Italians for, 377; continuation of, discussed, Astoria (US ): sunk, 350 Withdraw from, 153 396 Astrakhan (Russia): Soviet Anglo-French Purchasing Board: set up Ardeatine Caves (): executions in, reinforcements at, 2.67i Soviet in Washington. 2.5 510; a trial concerning, 596 partisans parachuted from, 370--1 'Anglo-French Union': proposal for, 97 Ardennes (Belgium, Luxemburg): Atamasov, Konstantin: executed, 503 Anglo-Soviet Treaty: signed, 31.7 Germans reach (1~40), 64, 65, 66; Atabrine (a prophylactic): dropped in Anguar Island (palaus): fighting on, Germans recapture (1944), 615--6, 617, the Far East, 72.1 605-6 618,62.0,62.1,611-2.; and a German Athena (a German refugee ship): 683- Anin (Poland): hostages from, killed, air anack on Allied airfields, 616; 4 )6 Germans pushed back in, 627, 62.9, Athen;a (Brirish passenger liner): sunk, Annecy (France): an anti-Resistance 632; Allied forces stalled at, 636 4 attack near, 51 [ A,dent (British destroyer): sunk, 89 (Greece): British aid to, 148; Anoya (): and a reprisal action, Arendal (Norway): German plans to German troops enter, [78; German 510 land at, 45 troops seize docks in, from Italians, Anti-Comintern Pact: celebrated, in : declares war on Germany 460; fate of Jews In, 465; Germans 8erlin,26.z. and , 653; releases a wanted pull back from, 575; British troops Amonescu, Marshal Ion: comes to man, 745 enter, 601.j Churchill flies to, 61. 3; 'free power tn Roumania, 124; warns Argus (Bntish aircraft carrier): helps to decide its future', 72.8; war crimes Germany of Sovi~t pr~parations, 179; , 1 [4; goes to North Russia, 223 trials in, 732. meets Hitler, 188; and Hitler's cook­ Arhanes (Crete): a kidnapping near, Atlant. (US ): sunk, 377 houseke~per, 504; refuses a request to 5'9 Atlantic Charter, the: issued, 2.2.2. withdraw, 574; arrest~d, 574 A,izona (US battleshIp): 1,177 men 'Atlanric Wall': to be built, 352, }58; Antonov, General: requests Anglo­ killed on, '71 labourers deported to work on, 421; American bombing support, 6}8; and Ark Royal (British aircraft carri~r): labourers sent from, [0 repair the American-Soviet demarcation line, torpedoed, 2. 5 5 dams, 427 680 Arlington Cemetery (Virginia): a burial Atlantis (a German commerce raider): Antwerp (Belgium): demolitions at, 67; at, 2.04; a unveiled at, 738 35; ready to sail, 51; In action, [40; falls to Germans, 68; a punishment Armavlr (Caucasus): Germans sunk,1.61-2. INDEX

Atomic Bomb: and uranium (1941), taken from, for medical experiments battle for, 666; Getman soldiers in 167,2.12.; sccrets of, passed on, 2.41, elsewhere, .38; acts of defiance at, Yugoslavia retreat to, ti69; Americans ,.8; to be produced, 171, 363, 384, 469,470; and the Gypsies, 474, 496, advance through, 684; Churchill fears 399, 410, 434, 5°S; and attacks on 5ti2., 598, 601; air reconnaisance part of will be 'police-governed', 686; German supplies of heavy-water, .P9. flights over, 513-4, 5'9-30, 578, 579, continued fighting in, 687; its future, 379, 404; Anglo-American exchange 611; the appeal to bomb railway lines discussed at , 70S"""' of information on, 434; a scale model leading to, 546; and the Jews of Authie (): prisoners-of-war of, dropped, 451; and Anglo­ Hungary, 5LJ-4' 5'7, HO, 516, SSo; murdered at, 53S American sharing of work on, 452.; Jews sent away from, to forced labour Automedo'! (British steamer): attacked, Stalin not told of (November 1943), elsewhere, 552., 565; the truth about, 140 478; Stalin's spy, privy to, 478--9; reaches the West, 554; a deportce Auvergne, the (France): in, Germany's hopes for, sunlc, SOOt from, killed in the , 5" activated (), 59'; 565; a bombing raid near, 590-1; a 'Avenge Malmedy': a battle cry, 610 'almost certainly' ready (by August revolt at, 600; evidence of mass Avignon (France): American troops 1945), 594-5; Japanese unable to murder being destroyed at, tio8; last enter, 580 complete, 613; and Allied strength, murders at, 614; jews deported from, Avord (france): airfield at, bombed, 6'5; ready in 1945 ('July, August or 615; Jews still held at, after gassing 5" September'), 618; and German ceases, 61.lj bombs fall on, 62.3; mass Avondale P4rlt (British merchant ship): installations, to be overrun, 667; the evacuation of, 631-1; Soviet forces sunk, 689 'probability' of, 673-4; the decision to approach, 631; 6nal executions at, Avranches (Normandy): a counter­ drop, 696--]; suca:ssfully tested, 704, 634; Red Army reaches, 634; survivors anack to, ordered, 56S 707, 708; 'a professor's dream', 711; of, at Gardelegen, 663; survivors of, Axis, the (the Rome-Berlin Axis): and Hiroshima, 675-6, 694, 710,711- at Belsen, 663; a former officer at, extended to Japan, 12.9; Franco 4, 71 5; and , 715-6 brought to trial, 716; a survivor of, refuses to join, 134; and the British Atomic Energy: German plans for murdered after the war, 730; the Empire, 141; its first setback (in (1939), 14' American plans for (1939), former commandant at, executed, Albania), 143; Bulgaria declines to 1.0-11; German progress in (I94S), '31; a survivor of, speaks of the join, 149; Yugoslavia refuses to join, 645; a German plant for, bombed, 'unfinished business' of the war, 737; 157; Bulgaria joins. 160; Yugoslavia 649-50 and the renewal (in 1953) of a joins; 165; Japan urged to withdraw Atsugi !Japan): an American officer crematorium patent, 737; evidence from, 2.64; the '' to lands at, ,11 concerning, discovered hidden in the combat, 186; and America's new arms Anla, Clement: at Potsdam, 7to-II ground, 7.0; guards from, brought to programme (), ,87; Attu Island (Aleutians): Japanese land trial, 740; said to have been 'too Allies capture a capital of, 53'; on, .HO; Americans regain, .p.6, 43-4 small',743 defects from, 574; Roumania Auchinleck, General Sir Claude: : troops from, in France, 81; a turns against, 580, 590; Bulgaria turns attacks, 2.61; defends, 338 naval action, in the Pacdic, 91; and a against, 589; Hungary turns against, Augsburg (Germany): Jews deponed to German commerce raider, 101; troops 6L4 their deaths from, 3' 5; bombing raids from, reach Britain, lIS; troops from, Ayle, Robert: betrayed, and shot, 436 on, 317, 501 in North Africa, 148, 1.9, 153, 156, Axmann, Anhur: 'unshakeable Augustow (Poland): troop movements 171,159,316,358,371; troops from, faithfulne ..' to Hitler, 654 near, 194; Red Army reaches. SS6....., in Greece, 173, 175; troops from, reach Azerbaidjan: German plans for, ]93; Aulock, Colonel von: determined not the safety of Crete, 180; troops from, and a celebration, Lf6 to surrender, 570 in action on Crete, 184, 186; troops Azov (southern Russia): Red Army Auliclt (US destroyer): hit by a from, in action in Syria and , enters, 400 kamikau pilot, 617 189; the Sydney sunk, off the coast of, Azov, Sea of (southern Russia): Aung San: offers his services to the 1S9; declares war on finland, Hungary German forces reach, 141; Soviet British, 694 and Roumania, 170; Hitler envisages forces return to, 399 Aurich (nonhern Germany): a war Japanese conquest of, 180i troops crimes trial in, 71.7 from, in action in Malaya and the Far B.969: a Jew. murdered after war, 730 Auror4 (British cruiser): attacked, 47~ East, 193, 1.96, 2.97, 300,683; japanese Babington Smirh, Constance: and the Aurora (Russian cruiser): in action, u.8 threat to, 2.96; fate of nurses from, 301; German 'flying Bomb'. 479 Auschwitz (Poland): a punishment MacArthur transfers headquarters to, (Kiev): Jews murdered at, 139 camp for at, 43, 57; Poles and 30'; part of, 'may fall', 303; fate of Backa Province (Yugoslavia): offered to Jews deponed to, 95; Poles deponed prisoners-af-war from, 30S, }06, 336, Hungary, 166, 169; Hungarians enter, to, 11.7, 147, ItiS; an escape from, and 3Hi a town in, bombed, 305; 17' reprisals, 2.19; gassing experiments at, MacArthur reaches, 307; MacArthur's Baeena (Italy): partisans occupy, 575"""' 12.0, 1.2.8, 2. 30; and the gas chambers orders sent from, 315; Japanese draw Backe, Herbert: uneasy at a Hider at Birkenau, 310, 312., 3<43, 3..... , 3.8, doser to, 315, 32.1.; and a declaration, 400 350--1,365,464,466,507, 5Lo, 5L 7, attack on Sydney, 319; in action, in Backebo (): a VL rocket falls on, 560, 63 I; and the nearby Monowitz New Guinea, 341, 345, 346, 355, 361, 539 synthetic oil plant, 316, 5°3, SI3-4, 375, 378,384, 391, 459, 46L, 486; a Baden (Germany): Jews deported from, 519-30, 578, 590; uech women and Japanese sea plane raid on, 396; a 133 children (from Lidice) killed at, 332; Mission in, bombed, 461; war dead of, Badayev Warehouse (Leningrad): deportations of Jews 10, 335, 336, 338, S14; a japanese prisoner-of-war bombed,'}1 343, 356, 362, 364, 370, 371, 386, 391, breakout in, 565; forces from, land on Baden Baden (Germany): a former 395,398,400,407,408,413,411,436, Labuan. 699; forces from, liberate Gestapo chief sent home to, 738 440,456,461, .61, 465, 467, 470, 471. Brunei, 700; forces from, land at Miri, Bad Nauheim (Germany): Hitler at, 473,474,488,490,494,5°4,510,514, 701; prisoners~of-war, liberated, 718- 617; Hitler rcturns to Berlin from, 619 510,513-4,515,517,540, S4ti , 549, 9.711; and Nazi war criminals, 74:z.~ Bad Tolz (): suicide in, 727 ss!r60, 56L, 564, 565, 571, 531, 585, 744; and the 'walking wounded' who Bader, Douglas: and the fall of France, 595,598,608; medical experiments at, returned to, 747 98; and thc , 119 340, 368, 431-1, .36; and euthanasia, Australia (Australian heavy cruiser): hit Badoglio, Marshal Pietro: replaces 437; Himmler visits, 3.3,351; and in suicide attaCkS, 617 Mussolini, 446, 459 forced labour, 3H, }64, 503, 5'5; a : and possible peace talks 'Baedeker Raids': over Britain, 319 refusal to depon Jews to, 386; use of (1940), So; first Allied bombing raid Bagac (Philippines): a Japanese landing clothes collected at, .00; a "green belt' on (1943),451; aircraft factories and south of, 293; a japanese setback camouAagc to be created at, 438; Jews airfields in, bombed (1944), 500--1; near, 195 INDEX

Baghdad (Iraq): and Rashid Ali, 168, Banska Bystrica (Slovakia): partisans Batrle of Britain, the: 117-1.5 [75, 181; killing of Jews in, 18, take control of, 583; an escape line 'Battle Commandant' (of Berlin): Bagneres-de-Bigorre (France): sabOlage near, by air, 593; Germans capture, appointed, 673 at, 513 604 Batum (Black Sea): to be occupied, 111, Bahrein (Persian Gulf): threat to oil 'Banzai': a death charge cry, 551; called, H5,363 6e1d. at,}48 on the eve of execution, 719 Baudouin, Paul: and the French Fleet, Baikal Lake (): and japan, 3" Bar (France): sabotage at, 518 99 Baja (Hungary): jews deponed from, Baranga Island (Burma): and the Baum, Herbert: shot, 315 530 bombing of Rangoon, 681 Baum, Marianne: shot. 315 Baker Island (Paci6c Ocean): Baranowicze (eastern Poland): a Soviet Bavaria (Germany): the Gauleiter of, Americans land on, 456 signals centre, 191; overrun, 101; executed for defeatism, 668 Bakopoulos, General: ordered to partisan activity near, 1.92.; Jews Bayeux (Normandy): and an Allied surrender by his superiors, 171 murdered at, 304-5 deception, 531 Baku (Soviet Union): Anglo-French Barbados: the U-156 sunk near, 360 Bayreuth (Germany): a Gauleiter proposal to bomb oil 6e1ds at, 51; Barba rossa, Emperor: his twelfth executed in, 668 German plans against, 114,135,345, century conquests, 145; the Bear Island (Arctic Ocean): and the Hitler's plan to bomb, revealed r:o the anniversary of his dea~h, 189 Arctic convoys, 31.5i and the sinking Allies, 375 Barbie, Klaus: in , 43', 488 of the Scharnhorst, 481 8alakin, Vyacheslav: a panisan diary Barday, Cecil: in MoS(;ow, 102., 138 Beaugency (France): a German by, 198 Bardejov (Slovakia): Red Army enters, surrender at, 592., 593 Balanga (Philippines): a death march 6}1 Beauvais (France): an unarmed airman from, 316 Bardia (): attacked, [48; an attack shot near, 70; German bombers Balaton, Lake (Hungary): Red Army on, driven off, 175; Rommel takes, destroyed at, 539 reaches, 616; German resistance at, 335 Beaverbrook, Lord: in Moscow, 2.2.3, 65 0 Bardufoss (Norway): and the defection 139 Balbo, Marshalltalo: killed, 104 of a German , 683 Becher, Kun: visits Mauthausen, 674 Bald ham (near Munich): German Barents Sea (Arctic): a convoy attacked Beck, Adolf: killed by , forces sign an unconditional 1n,50 3-4 H6 surrender at, 68, Barham (British battleship): crosses Beck, General Ludwig: 50. 58; commits Balham (): sixty-four people Mediterranean, 139; sunk, 1.61. suicide, 558 killed at, 131 (southern Italy): an escape line Beda Fomm (libya): Italians pushed Balikpapan (Borneo): japanese about from, to Slovakia, by air, S9}-4 back at, 156 to land at, 1.93; battle 3t, 1.94; Barlas, Chaim: overhears that Hitler Bedouin (British destroyer): sunk, 333 occupied, 194; Australians land 3t, 701 has 'lost the war', 365 Bedzin (Poland): jews murdered at, 7 , the: Germany's hopes for, 114; BaTlOlomeo Colleoni (Italian cruiser): Beekman, Yvonne: shot, S90 severity urged in, 372., 386; Allies to sunk, 205 Segue, Georges: parachuted into help partisans in, "51.~ the 'grim Barrow-in-Furness (England): German France ([941), 180 partisan situation' in, 471; a German submarine experts work at, 72.7 Beg-an-Fry (France): a c1andesrine anti-partisan sweep in, 489; Hitler Barry, Lieutenant Charles: an aerial mission to, 475 reinforces, 492.; and the Normandy reconnaissance by, SI9 Beirut (Lebanon): to be conquered, Landings deception plan, 49'-3; Banon, PilO[ Officer Cyril: his courage, [88-<) German traffic through, [0 be 5t> Bela Crkva (Yugoslavia): an armed disrupted, 521 i Red Army reaches, Barycz (Poland): Soviet prisoners-of. clash in, 108 584; Germans harassed in, 584 war murdered at, 481 Belfort (France): German troops at, 89; Ballale (Bougainville Island): Barzylai, Elias, Chief Rabbi of Athens: a sweep to, behind German lines, 573 Yamamoto's journey to, 419""""1.0 joins Greek partisans, .64 Belgium: and Hitler's war plans, 2.0, 19, Ballcstrem, Countess: her trial, and Basch, Victor: shot, together with his 38, 59; Anglo-French plans lucky escape, 637-8 wife, 488 concerning, 51, 54; invasion of, 61; Baltic Military District: 'state of Bastille Day ([940): ttO battles in, 61., 65-74, 76; surrender of, readiness' in, 168 Basutos: war dead of, 746 77. fishing vessels from, at Dunkirk, Baltic Sea: mining of (june [94[), t89 Basra (Iraq): British troops land at, 80-li troops of, in Britain, 113; under : 13, 114; and the 'Final [74-5; aid to Egypt divcned from, German rule, 12.7; art raken from 130; Solution" 2.16-7 336-7 and an escape line, 177; deportation Baltimore (Maryland): a 'liberty' ship Bastogne (Ardennes): beseiged, 6.11, of jews from, 336, 344, 35t, 361, 365, launched in, 1.39 611, 618, 61.9 373-390,444,459; volunteers from, Bahiski (): Soviet Union to Bataan Peninsula (Philippines): on the Eastern Front, 348; German occupy, 16 Japanese advance down, 2.86. 2.88, bombers move from 374; an ill-fated Bamberg (Germany): jews deponed to 2.91; Americans withdraw down, 2.93; bombing raid on, 418; forced Auschwitz from (t943), 436; a the 'battling bastards' of, '94; an labourers from, 411, 42.7; and a congress in, hears a denunciation of American-Filipino success on, 2.97; betrayal, 436; forced labourers from, (t988), 744 last batrles on, 315, 316i survivors of killed in an Allied air raid, 453; an Bampong (Thailand): and the Burma death march on, liberated, 71.2.; the Allied helper, killed in an air raid in, railway, 336 General responsible for the death 459; air supplies to resistance in, 486; Banak (northern Norway): German march on, executed, 71.8 sabotage near, 489, a resistance aircraft diverted from, 377 Bataisk (southern Russia): Germans mission to, 512.; and Allied deception Bande (Ardennes): reprisals in, 611 reach, 346 plans, 534, 542.; leniency in, and an Bandarjarmasin (Borneo): Japanese Batan Island (Philippines): Japanese arrest, SSOi British troopS reach, 58.; land at, 300 land on, 2.75 Allied help to Resistance in, 587; 'very Bandung (Dutch East Indies): fate of Batavia (Dutch East Indies): tea from, hard fighting' in, 610; civilians prisoners-of-war at, 318; rumours dropped on Holland, [6[; the cruel murdered in, 62.0, 611; rocket bomb c.:.:ulate among prisoners-of-war in, fate of evacuees from, 305--6; final deaths in, 653; torturers from, 314 evacuation of, 306 executed,731 Bangkok (Thailand): japanese land at, Bateson, Wing-Commander RN: and a Belgorod (Russia): Germans enter, 1.45; 176 precision bombing raid, 515--6 Germans driven from, 400; Germans Bank Underground Station (London): Bath (England): bombed, 319 capture, 413; Russians retake, 450 more than a hundred killed at, Batter.. a (London): a 'Flying Bomb' at, (Yugoslavia): vulnerable, t66; 149 541.,570 to be destroyed. 167; bombed, 170; 790 INDEX

German troops advance towards, Slovak uprising, 608 Bernadotte, Count Folke: Himmler 170-1, 173; Germans occupy, 173; Bergerac (France): sabotage a., 481; approaches, 643, 670 surrender of Yugoslavia signed in, sabotage near, 543 Barnardino, Don: warns Jews, "'" 174; resistance and reprisals in, ~1?; Berggrav, Bishop: imprisoned, 406 Barnatowicz, Pelagia: sentenced to Jews killed bY'gas vans in, H'; mines Berghof (Berchtesgaden): bombed, 671 dea.h, [58 dropped in Danube near, "5, HO; Bergman, Serge: killed, 53 8 Bernau Inear Berlin): Red Army a., 671 battle for, 603; Germans driven from, Berganzoli, General: retreats, '48; Bernay (Normandy): Rommel in ~; and Soviet control, 686, 718 caprured, 156 hospi[al a., SS6 Belle Croix (Ardennes): Germans Bergsland, Sergean.: escapes, 5' 0 Bernburg (Germany): jews ga.sed aI, parachure landing a., 6,8 Bergson, Henri: registers, 1209 163, 167 Bello, Heinz: execu.ed in Berlin, 549 Beria, Lavrenti: and Destruction Bernhatd of rhe , Prince: . Belomorsk (Russia): 106 Sattalions, 101 and the surrender of the German Belov, Sergesn. Alexander: reacbes Bering Strait: and a German commerce forces in Holland, 687 German border, 57' raider, '09 Bernovits, Vilma: executed, 62.4 Belsen (-Belsen, Germany): Berlin: a broadcast from, [0; and .be BerIram, Cardinal Archbishop of deaths in, 5I6i a new commandant at, war at sea, 13; and nuclear power, 14; Breslau: a protest to, 2.50; a protest 61Si mass evacuations to, 631; daily leaflets dropped on, 18; Hitler's appeal by, 407 deaths in, 650j British troops enter, from, 19; future of Poles, as seen from, Beser, Lieutenanl Jacob: and .be atomic 6lJ'-4; deaths in, after liberation, 671; 1~; and Enigma, 39; leafters dropped bomb, 595; 'What a relief i. worked', the barracks at, burnt, 695, the on, 46; and .he fa.e of Denmark, 53; 711 Commandsn. of, brought '0 trial, 716 and lack of enthusiasm for the war, BeMarabia (Roumania): ceded by .he Beillami, Filippo: a pattisan, killed in 57; bombed ([940-1941), 101, 111, Soviet Union, 104, 105, 108i action, 498 114,12,8, 1}6, J41, 1.. 7, 172.,1[0, 1ll, Roumanian desire for return of, and Belue (Poland): forced labour camp at, 154; Hitler's building plans for, 101, Germany, 114, 188 12.9; a death camp at, 191, .JO"?-I, 310, 1°4,2.2.5, 2.47-8i Hitler's triumphant Best, Dr Karl Rudolf Werner: and 3'5,311, H', H5, H4, H', 36" 370; rerurn '0 Uuly 1940), [08; Hider's Danish resistance, 4S~ a Jew born in, deported. to Auschwitz, 'peace offer' from (july 1940), no; Be .., Caprain: kidnapped, 17; his 338; the evidence of mass murder at, British bombing raid north of, 111; kidnapper's promotion, 94 '0 be deSlroyed, 439; a survivor of, and British bombing policy, [31; news Belhnal Green (London): a tunnel near, gives testimony, 6SI of Gurs camp reaches, 133; an anti~ for shelter, 130j a disaster at, ,,01; Ben Gardane (Tunisia): Rommel driven Semitic film shown in, 14-4; and the 'Flying Bomb' dealh. a., 539 back to, 397; British forces enter, 402. 'crucial year' (1941), ISS; Hitler's Bethouart, General: lands in Norway, Ben Ya'acov, Zvi: killed, 6u post-war plans for, 102., 174, 1~, 1.35; 64 Benedicta, SiSler: .,' i"d,,, '"try for and the Jews of, 2.2.4, 2.3°, 1.45, 2.63, llerhune (France): a small German Stein, Edith 2.66, 391,409,410; a protest in, and its withdrawal near, 73 Bentclics, Michael: a descendant of, consequences, u.8; two further Berio Island (Tarawa A.oll): savage pro.ects Jews, sso protests to, 2.So-l; Hitler speaks of fighting on, 476 Bengalllndia): a foreca .. of revol. in, Moscow battle in, 2.42.; a conference Bevan, Colonel John: and decep.ion, 41 3 at, on the 'future' of the Jews, 2.79; H7 Bengal, Bay of: merchant ships sunk in, anti .. Nazi posters in, 31.5; Flak Bevin, Ernest: and Jewish refugees, not 3[5 Towers to be built in, 365; renewed '0 be allowed in.o PaleSline, 716 (Libya): bombed, 14[; bombing of (1943),393,397,415,455, Bexley (sou.hern England): rocker captured, 155; evacuated, 169; fuel 456,458,415";,476,477,478,479, bomb dealhs aI, 641 ships sunk on way to, 2.62.; Rommel 481,481; (in 1~44), 485";, 486, 490, Biak Island (New Guinea): batde for, occupies, 2.96; Rommel loses, 381.; 49S, ... 96, 499, S04, 510i twO days 541 American bombers use, as a base ro mourning declared in, for Stalingrad, Biala Podlaska (Poland): Soviet bomb Ploesri, 448 399; and a leafier delailing 'German prisoners-of-war murdered at, 182. Benoist, Robert: captured, and atroci.ies' '0 be dropped on, 400; Jews Bialka (Poland): Poles in, sho. for executed, 504 deported from, 407, 4}1; Roosevel. helping Jews, 384 Benouville (Normandy): Bri.ish glider wan.s We"ern Allies 10 reach, 454; a Bialowola (Poland): Poles murdered aI, landing aI, 533 critic of Nazism executed in, 549; and 389 Berbera (British Somali land): occupied, the Bomb Plo., H8, 566, 568, 58~, 645 Bialowieza (Poland): Poles murdeml 110 Western Allies nearer to, than Soviet in, 388...., Berchtesgaden (Bavaria): Hider issues a forces, 5!/D; fate of Jews deported Bialysrok (Poland): Sovie. troops in, 'Hold on!' order from, 381; Hider at, from, S98; 'most practical as our put on alert, 193; Poles shot near, 3S4- orders troops to France, 514i a headquaners',62.9i Hindcnburg's s; Jews from region of, murdered, 376, possible German redoub. in, 669; remains brough. '0, 631; Red Army 391; children from, reach Auschwitz, bombed, 672.; American forces enter, 150 miles from, 631; Red Army less -.65; panisans in action ncar, 510; Red 684 .han 6f.y miles from, 635";; Army enters, S61.; Berdicbev (Russia): jews killed in, 11~, proposed 'heavy' bombing of, 636; members in, arrested by the Russians, 13S; Hitler at~ 2..&1 declared a Fortress City, 637; 'allolled' 646 Berdyanlle (Russia): Germans enter, to .he Allied air forces, 638; Hider Bu,";tt (British steamship): troops 141 leaves, for the last time, 6 ... 8; Hitler evacuated on, 96 Bcresina River (Russia): battle on, 105 moves '0 a bunker benea.h, 657; a Bielefeld (Germany): viaduc. a., Bereski (Russia): an ambush in, 198 possible Anglo-American advance 10, bombed,649 Bereza Kartuska (ea ..ern Poland): jews 658; ba"le for, 666, 668~, 6;>

791 INDEX

Bihac (Yugoslavia): partisans driven to, Normandy deception, 540, 5H; and Boise (US light cruiser): hit, 368 3·3 the batde in Normandy, 567; and Bologna (Italy): fate ofJews of, 474; Bi1Iancourt (Paris): bombed, 306 Hitler's order to withdraw from Germans hold, 6'3; Polish forces Bikini Atoll (Marshall Islands): a post­ southern France, 571; and 'the decisive enter, 669 war atomic test at, 71.~30 factor' of German fuel shortages, 577, Bomb Plot (against Hitler): planned, Billone, Colonel Pierre: enters Paris, 591; and the pressure on German 4 11.,414, SP, 553; carried out, 557- 578 railways, 610-1Ij and Hitler's final 8,559; repercussions of, 566, 581, 5831 Bingen (Germany): bombed,6» questions, 679 585,597,598,60[,604,615,6'0,639, Bingel, Lieutenant Erwin: an eye­ 'Blitz', the: the German bombing of 645,650,660 witness to mass murder, 136 London, 114, U7, 131, 135, 136; Bombing policy: (of Britain), in [940, Bir Hakeim (Libya): siege of, [87; German losses during, 137; British 108,12.0,131., 136,142., ]46; in 1941, renewed batde at, 3.7 losses during, 148; and British morale, 2.08, 2.10j in 1941., 308, 314, 319, 32.9, Birch, Captain john: shot, in China, ISO, I H; to continue, 156; renewed, 35',359; in [943,439,440,447-8, 710 over London, 161; civilian deaths in, 448; (of the Allies), in 194., 378; in Birkenau (Auschwitz): see index entry 167; renewal, over , 173; over 1943,393,398,407,409,42.7,431.; in for Auschwitz , 178""'9; over Clydeside and [945,636,638-9,644; and 'Operation Birmingham (England): bombed, [4. Liverpool, 181; and a comparison with Pointblank', 42.7; 'Are we beasts?', Birmingham (US cruiser): sunk, 606 the (of ,8 july 440-1 Birzai (Lithuania): Soviet parachutists 1943), -448; its terrors revived (by the see also index entries for, land at, 307 'Flying Bomb'), 544, H7 Leaflets, 'Blitz', 'Flying Bomb', V[, V. Biscari (): batde for airfield at, 445 'Blitz' (German jet aircraft): in action, and Atomic Bomb Biscay, Bay of: and 'Fortress Europe', 6:u,61.6 Bonhoeffer, Dietrich: flies to Sweden, 2.83; and an offensive against German '': the method of 'lightning 31.8; imprisoned, 418-9; hanged, 660j , 'P4; German submarines war', 2 his brother-in-law shot, 672. sunk in, 43'; and a possible Allied 8lizyn (Poland): Soviet prisoners-of­ Bonhoeffer, Klaus: executed, 672. landing, 471.; mined, 51.6 war murdered at, 481.; and the 'Boniface': the code name for Enigma Bishan Singh: drowned, 598 German 'Flying Bomb', 5» , 451 Bismarck (German batdeship): its Blobel, " Colonel Paul: and the Bolzano (Italy): jew. deported to blueprints, 44; in preparation, 114; in destruction of the evidence of mass Auschwitz from, 608 action, 185; damaged and then murder. 438 Bombay (India): violence in, 7.5 scutrled, [86 'Blobel Commando': destroys evidence Bone (Algeria): British forces land at, Bismarck Archipelago (Pacific): of mass murder, 438, 439, 475 376 japanese bomb, .88 Bloch, Denisc ('Ambroisc'): captured, Bonn (Germany): American troops Bismarck Sea: naval battle in, 408 and executed, 504 reach ([945),648; questions Bismarck Sea (US escort carrier): deaths Bloch, Marc: shot, 541 concerning Jews asked 10 (1988), on, 500; sunk by a suicide aircraft, 643 Bloch-Dassault, Marcel: deported, 571 743 Bison (French destroyer): hit, 58 Block, Captain Harlon: and an Iwo Bonsergent, Jacques: executed, 147 Bitner, Czeslaw: lands in France (19-11). jima photograph, 643 Sor·Komorowslc.i, [77 Blomberg, Axel von: killed, 18[ Tadeusz: and the Warsaw uprising, Bizerta (Algiers): Hitler hurries troops 'Bloody Gorge' (lwo jima): fighting at, 561 ,564 to, 376; captured by the Allies, 4.6 643 (France): French Bjerkvik (Norway): landing at, 64 Bloom, Marcus: shm, 590 Government moves to, 93, 86-7; Black, Captain G. D.: his miSSion, and Blum, Leon: his brother's fate, 365~; heavy water evacuated from, 95; fate, 36.-3 liberated, 684, 686 assurances to Britain from, 99; French Black Sea: and Hitler, [.0 Blum, Rene: gassed at Auschwitz, 365- delegates reach Compiegne from, 10li Blaney, Captain M. F_: killed, [46 6,686 a British commando raid on, 316; and Blankenberge (Belgium): attack on, 74 Blyes (France): supplies parachuted to, an Allied deception plan, 494 Blaskowitz, General Johannes Yon: his 3]2.,3 14 Boris, King of Bulgaria: dechnes to join protests, 19.24.29.43; surrenders the Bobrek (East Upper Silesia): slave the Axis, 149. joins the Axis, 160, 165; German forces in Holland, 687, labour at, 52.4 opposes the deportation of Bulgarian commits suicide, 7 H Bobruisk (Russia): captured, .05; jew. Jews, .115 Blechhammer (Silesia): an oil target in, murdered in, 2.80; Soviet partisans Borisienko, Vassily: executed, 585 51); slave labour at. 51.4; oil near, 308; an anti·partisan sweep near, Borisov (RUSSia): Germans remporaCliy installations at, bombed, 590.631 308-J; Germans driven back to, 544; halted near, 2.05; Hider at, 221; Jews Bleichrode (Germany): scientists Red Army enters, 548 'liquidated' at, 2.51; SO'/ler partisans spirited away from, 700 (The Ruhr): bombed, 417 near, 331; an ami-partisan sweep Bleichrode, Heinrich: attacks Atlantic Bock, Field Marshal Fedor \ion: 1.1.1, near, 431, 435,516 voneoys, 132 .47,304,339; killed by an Allied Borken (Ruhr), bombed, 649 : and Enigma, 45,56, bomb,686 Borki Wood. (near Chelm, Poland): 71-2,82,159.16,; and Purple, 154. 'Bock's Car' (US bomber): flies to corpses in, dug up, 475 181; and Rashid All's revoir 10 Iraq, Kokura and then on to Nagasaki, Bormann, Martin: 136, 340-1; and the 182.; and the German advance into 7IS Slavs, 354i and Hitler's suicide, 681; Russia, 1.01; and the war at sea,218; Bodo (Norway): British troops at, 6.; wants to fight on, 682 and a ptomise by Hitler to Japan, 2.2.6; troops on their way to, attacked, 65; Borneo: fate of Allied prisoners-of-war and the German orders for the attack evacuation from, 78 on, 635; Allied landings on, 683,699; on Moscow. 131, 2.39; and German Bogen (Norway): landing at, 55 a Japanese surrender on, 72.5; becomes aIr weakness on the Eastern Front, Boger, Wilhelm: and 'only one mode of independent, 730; war's debris 257; five Enigma keys broken at (I-I. conduct', 740 recovercd in, 741 January 1942).187; a failure and a Bogorodisk (near Moscow): 'panic' Bornholm (Baltic Sea): bombed in success at, 1.97; further successes at, reaches, 1. 5 9 error, 49-50; a German rocket falls 334, 394, 395-t;; and the Battle of Bogue (US aircraft carrier): in acrion. on, in error, 453; German troops on, Medenine, 4°9; an outstanding HI surrender 1 692. success at, 4[4; and the '' system, Bohemia-Moravia: 7; Hitler determined Borodino (Russia): battle at, 2.45; Soviet 41.9; and the to hold, 669; bartles in, 674 troops from the Far East in action, deception plans, 494; and German BOhlen (Germany), bombed, 64[ 'jI assessments of the cross-Channel Bohr, Niels: escapes from Denmark, Borodmo (Sovlct naval vessel): sunk, timing, 52.1., 531; and the continuing 464 361 792 INDEX

Borrel, Andree: a British agent, killed, Braune, Pastor Paul-Gerhard: protests S~I, 51; supports Belgium, 61, 61; 5H to Hitler, 109 and the battles for France, Belgium Borzykowski, T uvia: and Jewish Braune, Wemher: executed for war and Holland, 64; and the banle of resistance, 393-4 crimes, 735 Britain, IIr-1.5; and the 'Blitz', 124, Bose, Subhas Chandra: in Germany, Brauns, Dr Moses: an eye-witness to 117,131, ]36, 148, 150, ]5.5, 156, ]61, 303; goes to Japan, 4'3; soldien loyal murder, 1.13 167, 173, t78-<), lSI; and Anglo· ro, in action, S37; followers of, Brazil: IS4; [Coops of, in action in Italy, American strategy, 154, 167,2.81; rescued, 598; killed in an air crash, 660 Hitler's 'main enemy' (June 1941), 73.4; followers of, brought to trial, Declaration, the: I H 191; and the atomic bomb, 2.U.. ; and 71 4-5 Breavington, Corporal Rodney: Japan, 216; and Iran, 12.6, 2.96; and (Yugoslavia): anti-partisan executed, H 8 aid to Russia, 2.39'-40, 147. 191), 314, sweep in, 414-5; a Muslim revolt in, Breda (Holland): war criminals 6S8; and IntelHgence from, sent to 458 released from, 744 Russia, 101, 2.10,11),2.)7,2.39, 366, Bosphorus (Turkey): 137 Breendonk, Fort (Belgium): prisoners 375,381,385; and Ihe cross-Channel Boston (Massachusetts): a spy arrested at, 12.7; a prisoner dies at, IS8; landing, 392., 397,42.6,43°,452, 472, in, 132.; Roosevelt' 5 pledge in, 13 S; executions at, 42.3; and a war crimes 486,488,49'>-1,497,5°7, 5u, 515, 'Reich technicians' arrive in, 714 trial, 613; torturers at, executed, 7)1. Sl7, 510, 511, 5.6, 518-<), 5H, 534";; Bouler, Dr Philipp: and euthanasia, II, Bretag"" (French battleship): sunk, 107 to have a post-war veto, 174, 70]; and 10,147 Brenner Pass: Hitler and Mussolini the German rocket bomb (V1): HO, Bougainville Island (Solomons): meet at, 130 434,457,474,539,557,561 ,589,594, Americans begin advance into, 474; (Germany): leaflets dropped 614,640,641,648,714; and the 'Flying Japanese counter.. attack at, 50S on, 4lij bombed, 100, 2.07; Jews Bomb' (VI): 434, 457, 463-4, 474, 479, Boulogne (France): embarkation from, deported from, 154; renewed bombing 50 5, 511, \'9, 539, 54', 543, 544,548, 73; a raid on, 103.; an attack on the of, H7, 360 549, SSI, 551, 555, 564, 570-1, 581, docks at, 115; Hider at, 147; and a Bremerhaven (Germany): a Nazi 587,611-3,614,645; and the political deception plan, 347; and further escapes through, 734 future of Poland, 496-7, 554,6'7, deception plans, 491, 531; to be held, Breskens (Holland): to be held, 585; 679-80; and S8S; surrenders, 596 Allied advance to, 598 (VE Day), 69" and French Indo­ Bourg.. (France): sabotage near, 5 I 5 Breslau (Germany): and an anti·Semitic China, 711.-3; and the Treaty of Boves (Italy): burned down as a film, 151; Jews deported from, 2.62.; a Dunkirk (1947),73'; wartime death reprisal,463 German defence line at, 634-5; Red toll of, 746 Bowers, Faubion: and a 'Sir" to Army approaches, 639; German reo see also index entries for Hirohito,72.} inforcements sent to, 640; besieged, Churchill, 'Enigma', 'Ultra', London, Bouhler, Dr Joseph: .nd the 'Final 61}, 645, 660; 6ghting near, 687; Blitz, Bombing Policy Solution', 192- surrender of, 689; acquired by Poland, Aid Group (Hong Kong): Bou"asque (French destroyer): sunk, 7II a member of executed, .f69 80 Brest (France): Germans advam;;e to, 97; British Broadcasting Corporation Brack, Dr Victor: and euthanasia, lOS, Allied troops embarked from, 98; (BSC): and the bombing of tbe Ruhr, 1.47, 114; and the killing of human Germans enter, 100; a German radio 69; and the bombing of Munich, 139; beings by poison gas, '4!r50; hanged, station at, 104; German warships and German losse-s in Russia, .143; and 73 1 attacked in, 1.16; Churchill's aircraft the fate of the Jews of Poland, H7; Bradley, General Om.r N.: and the approaches, in error, )91; a naval and the fall of Italy, 459; and the killing of German prisoners·of·war, dash from, 300; German submarine Normandy Landings,5}1. "Si in the Ardennes, 618,610 pens at, 348; captured, 594 British Chivalry (merchant ship): Brandenburg (Germany): Jews gassed Brest-Litovsk (Poland): Germans torpedoed, 500 at (1940), lOS; three Germans capture, 1[4; Hider and Mussolini at, British East Africa: 89 imprisoned in (1941); fire engines 177; the Red Army approaches, 497; a : not to be demolished rushed to Berlin from (1943), 478; partisan success near, 544 (Hitler),98 medical experiments at, s08; an Bretons: at Bir Hakeim, 187 : a member of, in the execution in, S17 Bruno (Slovakia): partisans seize areas battle for Berlin, 676; a recruiter for, Brandenburg Division, the: and near, 583 hanged,717 'cleansing' measures, 8; and a 'Jewish Briare (France): French Government at, British Loyalty (merchant ship): sunk, action', 11. 91; Churchill at, 93; Chttrchill's words HO Brandschied (Siegfried Line): at, echoed, 99; occupied by the British Merchant Navy Code Book: Americans reach, 638 Germans, 100 captured, 140 Brandt, Dr Karl: and euthanasia. II; Bridge, Jill: killed, 46 British Somaliland: 90, 12.0 warns Hitler of Germany's shorrage Bridge, Doris: killed, 46 British Union of Fascists: leaders, of, of medicines, 657; dismissed, 666; Brieg (Oder): Soviet troops reach, 639 arrested, 70 hanged,731 Brien, Colin F.: witnesses a , Britannic (British merchant ship): Brandt, General: saves Hider, 30 5 bnngs supplies to Britain, 107 5S7-8 Brighton Belle (British holiday resort Brirtany {France}: a possible stand in, Bratislava (Slovakia): and the Jews, paddle ..eamer): sunk, 78 90,91; 'too late' to hold, 93; and 130; falls to the Red Army, 660 Brindisi (Italy): Italian Government in, Hitler's view of Allied strategy, 530;

Brauchitsdi, General Walther von: 6, declares war on Germany I 467 and the Normandy Landings 14,2.5,4." 1I4, 145, 155; and the Brisbane (Australia): an 'Uhra' deception, SS' Commissar Decree, 188; overruled, listening post, 42.9 Brive (France): ambushes near, S43 114 Bristol (England): bombed, 115, r73 Brize Norton (Britain): an air attack on, (Germany): bombed, Britain: declares war on Germany, 4; ,,8 489 action by, S; and German spies, IS; Brno (Czechoslovakia): Red Army Brauer, Bruno: executed, 7)1. and Hitler's Directive NO.5, 16; and enters, 674 Braun, Eva: joins Hitler in Berlin, 666; Hitler's war planes, 1.0, 30; and Broadley, Alan: marries Hitler, 677; swallows poison, Canadian volunteers, 25,35; and the killed,499 681 Russo-Finnish War, 34,46; and 'Broadway' (Burma): a landing at, 506 Braun, Dr 'Wernher von: and German 'Enigma' (in 1940), 39, 45, S6, 71, 81, Brach, Theodor: and the future of rocket research, )67, s:z..z.; surrenders 83,87,88, 104, r04-5, roB, 117, II9, Norway, 91 to the Americans, 683; reaches Boston, 111, I)8~; and air weakness, 47-8; a Brod (Yugoslavia): railway at, bombed, 7'3 peace mission to, 48; and Norway, 48, 6" 793 INDEX

Brody (Poland): Jews from, murdered, Buckie (Scotland): German agents land Japanese pushed back to, '78; ,61; Red Army approaches, 554 at, 129 Australians caprore, 384 Broite (British destroyer): and an Buckingham Palace (London): and an Buna Mission (New Guinea): Japanese evacuation, 89 air raid, 155; and Hirohito's visit to hold, ,84; Japanese give up, '9' Bromley, Major William: and Britain ('97'),741 Bunker Hill (Massachusetts): baule of American rocket research, 695 Buckner, Lieutenant-General Simon: ('775),693 Brooke, General Sir Alan: in France, 9'; killed,700 Bu"iter Hill (US aircraft carrier): deaths and the German advance into the Bucucz (Eastern Galicia): Jews in on, 69) Caucasus, H7-8 Hiding in, killed, 490 Buraki (Soviet-German border): a Brookings (Oregon): Japanese bombs Budapest (Hungary): German reconnaissance mission at, 194 falinear,H9 occupation of, so,; a demand in, to Burma: pressures on, 108, 1)1; in Broome (Australia): bombed, ,05 halt deportation of Jews, 550; danger, )03; Japanese invasion of, Broomparlt (a British collier): evacuates bombed, 550; Horthy abducted from, ,06, ,1'; 'Railway of Death' to, H6; heavy water, 9' 60); Jews driven westward from, 610; a British attack on, repulsed, 399; Brown, Tommy: his courage, 374; dies, a parachutist executed in, 611; Red sabotage columns cross into, 404; 640 Army draws close to, 6,6; Red Army glider troops land in, 506; Allied Sroz, Herta (Tiro's wife): and an surrounds, 61); fighting in, 614, 61.8; advance in, 547, 6)), 6-41, 646, 650, exchange of prisoners, 395 murder of Jews in, 62.9; surviving 667-8, 682., 699; nationalist forces in, Bruckmann, Else: and Hitler, 35 German forces in, surrender, 630; join the British, 694; Japanese try to (Belgium): the road to, open, Germans encircled ncar, 640; repon withdraw from, 705; end of the war 76 of surrender of, reaches London, 641i in, 711; continued fighting in, 712.; , Bruly-de-Pesche (Belgium): Hitler at, Hitler confident of recapture of, 646; final surrenders in, 715; becomes 86,97 and Churchill's fear of Soviet control independent, 7)0, 733 Brunei (Borneo): Japanese land on,188; in, 686; in the 'Soviet sphere', 72.8 Burma Road (between Burma and Australians liberate, 700 Buderich (Germany): Churchill crosses China): closed, loS, "'; reopened, Brunei Bay (Borneo): sent Rhine at, 651 1l.9i in use, 1)1; Japanese reach, 31]; from, sunk, 606 Budyenny, Marshal Semyon: and the Chinese and Amrricans recapturr, Bruneval (France): a commando raid battle for Kiev, 1)1, Z,)Z, 6}} on, 304 Budyonnovsk (Caucasus): Soviet Burmese: their deaths, as forced Brunnlitz (Gc:rmany): slave labour at, partisans in, 387-8 labourers, 470 51 5 Buenos Aires (Argentina): Eichmann Buron (Normandy): prisoners-of-war Bruskina, Maria: executed, .z.SI abducted from, n9 murdered at, l H Brussels (Belgium): Germans enter, 68; Buin (Bougainville Island): 4'9-10 Bursche, Dr Edmund: dies, I I) Hitler at, 81.; an act of resistance: at, Bug River (Poland): Soviet withdrawal Bury St Edmunds (England): an act of ,B4; an escape line in, broken, 391.; to, 16; Jews expelled across, 2.); sabotage-drception in, 453 Jews deponed to Auschwitz from, Germans masters up to, 10); Busemann, Adolf: brings his aviation 411; a pro-Nazi executed in, -411; fortifications built on, 119; German expertise to the West, 703 bombing near, 459, 500; Allied troop movements along, 179; last­ Bush, George: shot down, 584 advance towards, sh; British forces minute Soviet plans for, 191; last two Bushido: the "true compassion' of, 417 enter, S8 Si Belgian Government trains cross, 196; Soviet prisoners-of­ Bushell, Roger: escapes, but captured, returns to, 589; Burgomaster of, in war murdered on the banks of, 481; 5" London, 6IIi a German Jet and Poland·s post-war frontiers, 497; Bussche, Baron Axel von dem: hopes to attack ncar, 62.6; rejoicing in, 690; a Red Army approache., 5H; Red kill Hitler, 479 war crimes trial in, 734-5 Army crosses, 559 Butrimonys (Lithuania): Jews killed at, Bryansk (Russia): 1.08; Russians driven Buka Island (Solomons): occupied, '07 141 back to, 242; Russians forced to (Roumania): ceded in part to Bydgoszcz (Poland): Poles murdered at, abandon, 1.4); panisans near, )16, the Soviet Union, 104 S, I2.j and "the German cause', 2.7 31.7, HI; anti-partisan sweep near, Bukowka (Poland): Soviet prisoners-of­ Byrnes, James: and the atomic bomb, )61; renewed partisan activity near, war murdered at, 481 696-'7; and the , 36), )69; further anti-panisan sweeps Bulganin, Nikolai: and the baule for 716; 'we must act as a great power', ncar, 390, 42.7; panisans still active Moscow, 143; and the return of 718 near, 4+4i Soviet successes south of, German prisoners-of-war ('955), n8 Bzura River (Poland): battle at, 7 456; Germans evacuate, 461 Bulgaria: and German design on Bzura (polish destroyer): badly (Roumania): transfer of Greece, 148, 149, 160; joins the Axis, damaged,73 power in, 124; Jews killed in, 151; 160, 165; offered Macedonia, 166; Hitler order,s bombing of, 574; Red invades Greece, 176; declares war on C,8m (Italian secret cypher): broken, Army enters, 584; and Soviet conrrol, the , 180; and German 118,154, H7, '94; and the Anglo­ 686,718 demands for the 'evacuation' of Jews, American exchange agreement (of Buchenwald (Germany): Jews executed ,6'-4,406; refuses to deport Jews, May 194'),419 in, 17; a prisoner dies in, 51-2., 110; 415,410; Red Army occupies, 589; 'CAJR': an impressive, innocuous Jews deported to, from Amsterdam, troops from, in action against insignia, 71.6 [58, 10S; gassing experiments at, 160; Germany, 604, 6S7i to be 'police­ Cabanatuan (Philippines) a dramatic Jews sent to their deaths from, 16), governed', 686-7; in the Soviet bloc, rescue from, 63 S 2.67, )70; leaders 1 Cabot (US carrier): hit by a kamikaze killed in, 4)6, 504; a deportation to, 'Bulge',7 ' the (in the Ardennes): auacked, pilot, 6r7 from Paris, 572.; Allied bombing ncar, 616 Cadca (Slovakia): uprising in, 58, and a reprisal, 578; deliberate and 8ullenhuser Damm (near Cadzow, Lieutenant: and Operation accidental deaths in, 582.; jews sent Neuengamme): executions at, 669; XD,67 to, from Auschwitz, 581; Englishmen executioners from, themselves (Normandy): a telephone link to, and Frenchmen executed at, 587; hanged, n1; an SS officer from, cut, 519; an Allied objective, 5J8; medical experiments at, S98; Gypsy brought to nial, 741 battle for, 548, 55', 557, 561, 566 children sent to Auschwitz from, 601; Bullwinkel, Sister Vivien: eye witness to Cahn, Ernst: executed, 160 a British agent executed at, 655; deaths a massacre, 301 Caibobo Point (Philippines): Japanese at, 65S; American troops reach, 661; Bulow, Lieutenant Hans-Jiirgen von: in land at,195 Jews deported from, killed at action, 670 Cairo (Egypt): Mussolini prepares for Marienbad, 674; tormentors from, Buna (New Guinea): planned defence triumphal entry into, ))7; Mussolini brought to trial, 7H, 741 of, H'; Japanese land at, H5, H5; not to enter, )38; Rommel denied 794 INDEX

capture of, 341; Rommel's renewed witness, 8; and his staff, 15. 59; and Cassel (France): Germans advance thrust toward, 357-8; Rommel tells the German war against Russia. 1[3- towards,7S Hitler why he failed to reach, )61> 4,118, 1S3; and a secret mc:cring in Cassino (Italy): battle for, <480, <481, 490, Cairo (British anti-aircraft ship): sunk, Sweden, )18; dismisoed, 499; and the 496, <497, <498, 511-), 516 351 Hitler Bomb Plot, 597; hanged, 660 Castelforte (Italy): Germans retake, 49' Cajnice (Yugoslavia): hostages killed Canary Islands (Spain): 1<41 Casdemartin (Wales): German tank in, }1} Canas Point (Philippinc:s): Japanese crews train in (1960),739 Calais (france): besieged, 7S~; a raid land at, 195 (Sicily): Germans fall back to, on, 102.; and a deception plan, 347; Canbe"a (Australian heavy crui&el): 445; British troops enter, 4SO and two other deception plans, 4,1, sunk, HO Cathedral of the Dormition (Kiev): <49), <49<4, S<41; Allied advance Canisy (Normandy): a Panur Division blown UP,1H towards, Sh; to be held, 58S; cross­ reaches, S4 3 : 347 Channel .hellinll from, S9<4 Cannes (South of France): Allied Catholic Church. Ihe: a yictim, 8, 14; Calcutta (India): in danger, )0); alarm landing near, 568 protests by, 3'-40; warned., S9; a in, 3IS; violence in, 715 Canstein (Deputy President of the protesl to, 150; prolestl by, HS-6; Calc ..tta (British anti-aircraft cruioer): Berlin police): and German atrocities, jews sheltered by, <467 sunk,l86 S7 Cattaro (Dalmatian Coast): Albanian Calgary (): General Kreipe: oent Cap Areo",,: a German refugee ship, partisan activity near, S84 to, 51,-1.0 68)-4; sunk, 684 Caucasus, the (Soviet Union): proposal California (US battleship): hit in a Cape Araxos (Greece): and an Allied to bomb oil fields in, 50, JI; German suicide attack, 617 deception, 419; British commandos designs on, 110, 141,114,311,341; Callaway (US troop transport): suicide land on, 596 German forces approach, 160; attack on, 618 Cape: Bon Peninsula (Tunisia): Axis Hitler's plans after conquelt of, 2.6S, Calo, Carolina: her fate, S1S forces wirhdraw into, <416 343; German troops transfeted from, Calo, Eugenio: a partisan, 515; killed, Cape: Espe:rance (Pacific Ocean): batde )<46; Germans battle for, 3<47, 351, 353, 554 off, )68-<) H8, )66, 315; turn of the tide in, )83; Cam R.nh Bay (French Indo-China): Cape: Gloucester (New Britain): an Soviet partisans in, 387; Germans 116 American landing on, <481 driven from, )97 Cambodians: fight at Bir Hakeim, 187 Cape of Good Hope: (South Africa): aid Cavallero, Marshal: in North Africa, Cambrai (France): Germans reach, 67, to Egypt sent yia, 337; remains an )94 68; Germans in action near, 69; Hitler essential route. 376, 38} Cavalry Assault Badge: award of, 115 at, 80 Cape: Sable (Nova Scotia, Canada): 'Cave of the Virgins' (Okinawa): fate Cameron. Lieutenant: his act of 159 of japaneoe student nuroes in, 695 bravery, ~) Cape: Verde Islands (Portugueoe): 159 Cavell, Edith: her monument Cameron;" (British merchant ship): Cape: (Australia): japanese 800 destroyed, 101 brings aircraft to Britain, 106 miles from. ) I 5 Cedile, Colonel: uses japanese troops Campobasso (Italian merchant ship): Capra, Frank: a film by, )11 against Vietnamese, 711 sunk,431 Capri, Island (Italy): surrenders, <461 Cegled (Hungary): Red Army reaches, Canada: German prisoners·of-war in, Cardiff (Wales): bombed, U5 610 15; soldiers from, in Britain, 15, 35, Carentan (Normandy): and an Allied Cenotaph (London): wreaths laid at, II S, 178; and American aircraft for deception, H1; battle at, H8 no Britain, 67; pilots from, in action, 7S Caribbean, tbe: and a -for­ Cephalonia (Greece): Italian soldiers paintings not to go to, from Britain, bases deal., 117; German submarines massacred on. 460 81; soldiers from, to go to Francc., 93; in, )01-1. 31B Cmta.. r (US hospital.hip): sunk, <416 soldiers from, in France, 95-6; Carl, Dr: protests about murder of jews Cetniks: in Yugoslavia, 181,1H, 391, German and Italian internees senl to, and White Russians, 150 <4S 6 ro}, 106; Klaus Fuchs reaches, 10&-7; Carol of Roumania, King: abdicates Ceylon: in danger, 30}; a raid on, .Jl4- soldiers from, killed by German 11<4 S bombs, 108; pilots from, in the Battle Caton, Staff Sergeant: and the fires at <:ezembre (off St Malo): holds out, 570 of Britain. lZ.4; eyacuees to, Hiroshima, 711 Chacal (French destroyer): sunk, 7) torpedoed, 11.6; an officer from, wins Carpathian Mountains: battle for, 604; : troops from, at Bir Hakeim, 187 the George Cross, 116-7, evacuees to, German strengIh near, 638 Chalautre-Ia-Petite (France): civilians attacked from the air, 131; a German Carter, Able: Seaman: a survivor, 89 murdered at, 581-2.; German airman escapes from, IS4; soldiers Carthage (Tunisia): a French prisoners-of·war shot aI, 581 from, killed in London Blitz, 17<4; submarine interned at, )83 Chilons-sur-Marne (France): commandos &om, in aaion, 2.2.6; Cardand, Ronald: and 'a Americans reach, 582. pilots from, confront the German Jet comparatively peaceful war', S Si and Chamberlain, Neville: 6, 3<4, <4', <48; aircraft, 599; and a war crimes trial, the Belgians, 61; 'horror and urges &active measures', SI; and 717; and war criminals, 741 troops tribulation ahead', "; 'a rum war" Norway, 51; succeeded by Churchill, from, and Hong Kong, z.62., 180, 181; 7); killed, 80 61-1; recalled, 6<45 declares war on Finland, Hungary and Caruso, Pietro: shot, 596· Chambly (Canadian ): in Roumania, 1']0; rroops from, in (French Morocco): 100, action.1.}1 Malaya, 196; troops from, in cross­ 101., 103, 109; Allied forces di&embark Chambonnc:t, Albert: shot, 561 Channel assaults, 318-<), 3H-<4; and at, )15, )76; Churchill and Roosevelt Champs Elysee. (Paris): German troops the Atlantic convoys. 413 i forces from, meet at, 39~, )9), )96-7, 397; march down, 93; a French parade land in the Aleutian Islands, 4SI; bombing policy directive of, )9), )98, down, recalled, 110; de Gaulle walks [toops of, in Italy, <457, <48~, 58<4; 407; Hitler envisages an assault on, in triumph down, sSt parachutists from. in france, 489., <4 10 Champsecret (France): a Panur SIS; war dead of, 514, fictional troops Caoerta (Italy): a German Division reaches, S43 from, and a deception plan, Jl6; unconditioned surrender aI, 676 Chancellery, the (Hitler's Chancellery, troops &om, in Northern Europe, J}4, Casey, Richard: and British bombing Berlin): 12.. Zo4, z.s; and euthanasia, 5H, 548, S67, S68, S71, S81, s96, 610, policy, <4<40 ros, 109,14'-5°; and Hitler's eastern 6 )9, 666 f.te of prisoners-of-war Caspian Sea: and Hitler. n.o, 13S. 34S; plans, I H~; and Hitler's Berlin from, HS, 5<41 German forces approach, }S1.; plan&, a.4B, a.6o; a pror:est sent to, 41S; Canal d'Aire (France): a battle at, 73; German forces fail to reach, H9; Hitler's return to, after the Ardennes, an atrocity at, 74 Intelligence concerning, oent by 61.,; Hitler moves to a bunker at, 6'7, Canaris, Admiral Wilhelm: an eye- Churchill to Stalin, )61> 663.; Eva Braun joins Hider at, 6&6; 795 INDEX

Chancellery, the-con/d. China, 176; in action, 180, 181 'Chowringhee' (Burma): a landing at, von Greim and Hanna Reirsch reach, Chenogne (Belgium): German soldiers 506 673; an 5S Lieutenant General shot killed in, 6Ui Germans driven from, Christen, SS Corporal Fritz: his bravery in, 676; a final presentation of the 6.6 in action. 137-5 Knight's Cross in, 679; Churchill Cherbourg (France): troops evacuated Christian X, King of Denmark: orders visits, 704 from, 89; troops land at, 93; Germans a cease-fire, 5" Chandler, Admiral Ted: his courage, advance [0, 97; evacuations from, 98; Christiansen, Lieutenant-Commander 6.8 occupied by German troops, 100; a Hasager: photographs a rocket, Changi Camp (Singapore): medical German radio station at, 104; a 453 officers reach, 721; Indian soldiers German naval patrol from, in acrion, Christmas Island (Australian): reaCh,72.2· 520; and the imminent Normandy Japanese conquer, then evacuate, ) I 4 Changsha (China): a Japanese attack Landings, 5.84/; 'to be held ar all Chrobry (a Polish liner): attacked, 65 towards, 537; Japanese capture, 541. costs', 5~; Americans reach suburbs Chrzanowski, Professor Ignatius: dies '': and Enigma, 300 of, 54-4-5; dockyard at, surrenders, at Sachsenhausen, 16 Channel Islands: evacuated, lOOi 548; final surrenders in, 549; a _ Chudovo (near Leningrad): bombed, occupied by Germans, 1°5. counter-arrack towards, ordered, 114; captured, 115 commando raids on, 358, 367; bodies 565--6; railway wagons found at, for Chuikhov, Political Commissar: washed up on, given full military despatch of rocket equipment from dismissed, 133 honours, 469. Hitler refuses to Germany, 695 Chuikov, General: enters Lodz. 6)1 transfer noops from. 556; civilians Cherche-Midi Prison (Paris): a suicide Church, Private: hang~d, 717-8 on, to be helped, 594; a German in (1948), 733 Churchill, Clementine: and aid to swoop from, 648; deponees from, die Chernigov (Russia): Red Army enters, Russia, 140; and an 'agonizing in Germany, 664; German forces on, 46 3 moment', 531-1; and 'ripe plums surrender, 69l. Cherven (Russia); partisan camps near, fallen' ( and Athens), 60. Chantilly (France): 817 30 3 Churchill, Randolph: suggests a rescue 'Chariots': manned torpedoes, in , Leonard: his leadership operation, 585 action, 216, 2.80,385; on a mission to rewarded, 5-40; an observer above Churchill, Winston S: and the war at Norway, 372 Nagasaki. 715 sea, 5, IQi and plans for 1940,6-7; Charlemagne: and harsh measures, }l.S Chiang Kai-shck: at ll.9; in Surma, and [h~ magnetic mine, 19, 35; and Charleroi; (Belgium): a war crimes trial 3·5.... Finland, 46; and , 49; and at, 613 (US heavy cruiser): a failed leaflet bombing, 49 and Enigma (his Charleville (France): Hitler at, 83 arrack on, 319; sunk, 399 'golden eggs'), 56,162, 300, 308; 'Charlie': a double agent, 15-16; his Chicago Daily News: and Nazi war becomes Prime Minis[er, 61; and brother's death, 106 criminals, 703 nonhern Norway, 62, 64-5; and Char/aile Sch/iemann (German supply Chicago University: and the atomic Iceland, 63; offers 'blood, toil, tears ship): forced to leave safety, 330 bomb, 384 and swear', 64; and [he battle 10 Charlottenburg (Berlin): an Chichester, Bishop of (Bishop Bell): in France. 66, 67, 68, 69, 72.-), 77-8; and unsuccessful flight to, 676 Sweden, 3.8 Operation XD, 67; and [he surrender Charlton, Guardsman Edward Chichijima (Volcano Islands): air raid of Belgium, 77; and Dunkirk, 77-78, Colquhoun: his courage, 670 on, 584 80; and the fall of Franc~, 81-3, 87. Charybdis (British light cruiser): sunk, China: and the Burma Road, 108, 321; 88,89,91,93,94,97,98, lOt; 'we shall 469 and the United States, ll.9, 16... ; and nor flag or fail', 86; and the munitions Chateau T erhnden (BelgIUm): bombed, medical help, 316; forced labourers programme for 1941, 92; and the 519i our of action, 531 from, in New Guinea, 396; Japanese sinking of the Lancastria, 98; and the Chateau-Thierry (France): German advance in, 537, 541, 6] 3,6]4; to have defiance of Britain, ]01-2, 103. IJ3; troops at, 88-1; reached by the a post-war ve[O, 574, 70]; soldiers and the Arandora Slar, 106; and Germans in 1870, 91 from, enter Nanning, 696; soldiers Mers-el-Kebir, 107; and bombing Chateauroux (France): a British agent from, enter I-shan, 699; soldiers from, policy, ]08, 120, 131, 136, 141, 146, reaches, 180; a British agent returns land by parachute near Kaiping, 701.; 108,109,319,319,351,415,417,434'- from, 505 and an offer of peace to Japan, 707; 3; and a commando raid on Guernsey, Charelleraulr (France): sabotage near, American post-war help for, 730; slave lIO; and the 'War of the Unknown ll' labourers of, 7"U; war time toll of, Warrior', 110; and the Baule of Chatillon·sur·Seme (France): a 745 .... Britain, I I~10; and , 114, parachutist killed at, 573 Chindits: in action, 4°4, 506 u5, 179, 181; and , 117; and De Chechlvichi (White Russia): an anti­ Chindwin River (Burma): crossed, 613 Gaulle, 135; and Hitler's eastern partisan sweep in region of, 345 Chinese: massacred, in Malaya, 30]; plans, 135, 191; and American Chekiang Province (China): occupied wartime death toll of, 746 military supplies. 136, 171.. and by Japan, 318 Chinon (France): Resistance fighters Greece, 136-7,623; and Turkey, 517; Chelm (Poland): Jews deported from, land near (1943), 461 and the Fr~nch Resistanc~, 141, ]90, 13~ mental patients murdered at, 31.; Chiswick (London): a rocket bomb 396, 543; and the Western Desert war, Jews from. killed near, 326; Red Army hi .. , 589 147, 175, 357; and Roosevelt's enters, 559 Chirtagong (India): British advance emissary, [51, 155; and Anglo­ Chelmno (poland): a death camp at, from, 391 American cooperation, ]54, ]73. 319; 174-5,179,191.3°4,310,312, Herl, Chocz (poland): a priest from, and Hitler's designs on Britain, ]57; 351; renewed deportations to, 541; executed,1.2 and British aid to Russia, 190,108, murder of a forced-labour squad at, Choiseul Island (Solomons): bart Ie on, 12.3,239""-4°.141.,1.47,3°8,353,367. 6 }o; Soviet forces approach, 631. 47' 396; and British Imelligem.:e for Chelsea (London): a 'flying Bomb' on, Cholawski, Shalom: and rhe fate of a Russia, 101., 210, 113, 137,139, 366, 55 prisoner-o'f-war, 103; and a 'family 375,381,384: and Roosevelr, H, 93, Chelyabinsk' (Siberia): evacuations to, camp' in the forests, 345 117. 136, 1.2.2., 123, 2.01, 182, 186, 187, 199,230 Choltitz. General Dietrich von: 300,3.6,336,39',4.6,451,4784/, (Germany): arrests in, "P1; surrenders Paris, 580 576,594,638; and Japan, 2.12., 161, bombed, 590; proposed 'heavy Chorostkow (Eastern Galicia): Jews 1.75-6; and German atrocities in attacks' on, 636; bombed, 640 killed in, 219 Russia, 1.10, 1.56; and Pearl Harbour, Chengtu (China): American air raids 'Chosen People', the: their fate gives 2.71.; and Hitler's declaration of war from, 540 'pleasure', 351-1, and a fifteen year on the United States. '77-8; and Chennault, Colonel Clair. L.: goes to prison sentence, 740 Hitler's 'ourstanding blunder', 178; INDEX and the Anglo·American alliance, Ciano, Count Galeazzo! and Hitler, 98, Conan" Prof.s.or jam•• B.: and ,h. 181,434; and the United Nations, .86, 141; executed, 488 atomic bomb, 1.4[, 618, 696 }96, 718...,; approaches Cerman­ Ci.chocin.k (Poland): Polish prison.rs­ Congressional M.dal of Honour: ..~ occupied France, in error, 2.91; and the of· war in, 2.7 index ~"try fo, Medal of Honour lall 01 Singapore, 300, }03; and the City of &na,~s (Rri,ish p ••••ng.r 'Conical Hill' (Okinawa): captured, bombing 01 Cologn., }19; and the lall Iin.r): torpedoed, 126 694 01 , 335; and St.lin, 347, 351, CIIl1I f,aser (Rritish merchant ship): Conu Rosso (Italian rroopship): sunk, 3B, 3"", }li7, }85, 4'5, 417, 489, B", blows up, 170 185 600, "10, "79"""80: and EI Alamein, Clapham junction (London): a 'Flying Con,•• (southern Franc.): a deportee }71, }76; and the j.ws 01 Europe, }71- Bomb' near, S41. from, executed, 673 3; and the murder of D.rlan, }89; at Clark, C.n.ral Mark W.: his secr.t Conti, Dr Leonardo: and euthanasia, Casablanca, 391, }93, }96"""'7; and. landing, }71 II; a protest to, 1.2.8; commits suicide, leafier detailing ·German arrocities', Claub.rg, Professor Karl: and medical 71~ 400; congratulates Roosevelt, .f08; and experiments, 3,,0, 431; dies on the eve Copenhag.n (D.nmark): occupied, 54; the Ratti. 01 , 410; and the 01 his ,rial, 7}8 re-occupied, 456; Gestapo Allied d.c.ption plan lor Sicil y, 41}- CI.rmont-F.rrand (Franc.): 951 an act headquaners at, bombed,6p; a 4; and a discussion of Allied strategy of sabotage in, 435 British 'hoJding force' to ~ sent to, (May I94}), 416; addresses the United Clem""t (Rritish m.rchant ship): sunk, 687; Germans lay down their arms in, States Congress, 430; and Tito, 440j 18 690 .nd Italy, 441, 445, 448, 451, 459, 509; Cluj (Hungary): boseiged, 601; o ••rrun, Co,lisu (Selgian fishing .....1): at .a.esdropped telephone 603 Dunkirk,81 conversations of, ..... 8, S2.l.i and the U· Clyd.side (Scotland): bombed, 181 Coral Sea: battl. of, }1Z boat war, .....; and Roosevelt's desire Coconada (India): bombed, }IS (Greece): and Italy, 1}5, ~'4; to r.ach Serlin, 455; at T.heran, 478- Cod.x judaicum: issued in Slo.akia, J.ws d.pon.d '0 Auschwitz from, 9; and the bombing of Serlin, 481; and 13' 540 ,549 the sinking of the Schambo,." 481; Coh.n, Major P. A.: reaches Cre,e, Cork, Lord: and north.rn Norway, 64- and the political future of Poland 180 S (1944-51,496"""'7, 554, "17, "79"""80; and Colditz Castl. (Germany): escapes Corn ford, Reginald Lesli.: and ,h. pr.parations for the Normandy from, 2.88, 597; American forces battl. lor Serlin, 676 Landings, 4S1, "'78, S12., SZ.9; and reach, 666 Cornish, Mary: her couragc, 116 British war casualties, S I,,; and 'an Col., Sergeant Harold: his tr.ach.ry, Cornwall (British crui ..r): in action, .wlulload of hatred', 519; and the 175,408; sho, d.ad, 718 180; sunk, 31" capture of Rom., H'; and the CoI.pough, William: a G.nnan ag.nt, Corregidor (Philippin.s): MacAnhur German shonag. of fu.1 oil, 5351 and arrested, 6lS reaches, 2.82.; Japanese bomb, 2.8.; the request to bomb the railways to Colin, Paul: killed, 411 defence of, 316; surrenders, 32.}; Auschwitz, S46; and the Russian CoIl ••iII.-sur-M.r (Normandy): Americans return to, 6..,z.; battle for, ad.anc. (from jun. 1944), 148...,; and American troops link up at, 536 644; last japanese soldi.rs surrend.r the truth about Auschwitz, 554; and Cologn. (Germany): I.aftets dropped on (january 1946),717 ,h. Cunon Lin., 514; and the on, 4fi; J.w. deponed from, 145; 'Corridor 01 Dea,h ': at Leningrad, 391 Normandy Landings deception, 5H; bombed, 1H, 318..." 440; still und.r Comemes (German supply ship): and the V1 rocket, 5571 and gas 'in German control, 602.; American forced to leave safety, 130 retaliation', 557; and the Wanaw lorces approach, 617; a rocket bomb Corsica (Medit.rran.an): Hitl.r ord.rs uprising, 5'6 .. , 567, S7Z., SSo-I, 585-6', falls near, in error, 6.9i an autobahn evacuation of, 461 591; in Italy, 57"; and the j.wish to, cut, 6S0i a war crimes trial in, 7,,1 Cossack (British d.stroy.r): ,h. success Rrigad. Group, 576; and the fu,ur. of Colo,ado (US battleship): hit by of,41 C.rmany, 591; in Moscow (October accid.n,,618 Cossack.: in action against the Fr.nch (944), 600, fioz; and a 'brilliant' (C.ylon): bombed, }14; Resistance, 5 1.5; in action against American victory, 606; and the 'last merchant seamen, on their way from, Italian partisans, 600 lap', 611; in Paris (November I,.... ), machine-gunned aft.r being Cotentin Peninsula (Franc.): def.nces SU; and the Ard.nnes, "15; and torpedoed, 500 of, 515, 518; an Allied landing Rri'ish and Commonw.alth war dead Colmar (Franc.): G.nnan. cross Rhin. .xpected on, B4; ADi.s about to (by the .nd of No•• mber (944),619\ at, 97; occupied, 100; liberated, 634; overrun, 540 and the Allied balanc. of fore •• (by battl. near, 6}9 Cottbus (near Serlin): bomb. dropped the .nd 01 No•• mber (944),619\ and Col•• na.r, Y.on: shot, 588 on, 479 the Alli.d balance of forces (February Columbia (US cruis.r): hit by a suicid. Council for ,h. Assistanc. 01 j.ws: 1945),639; and German reparations, boat, "lS established, in Wanaw, 38. 6,,0; and Dresden, 640-1; and Hitler's Combat: the psycholngical hazard. of, Courageous (British aircraft carrier): possible move to southern Germany, 599 torpedoed, 10 650; .i.ws the battl. (on the Rhin.), 'Combat': a Resistance group, ..71 Cousin, Abbe Maurice: killed, 51} 652.; crosses the Rhine, 651 unease of, Combined Chi.fs of Staff: establi.h.d, Courtney, Maior Henry A.: his at Soviet advance, 658; and the in Washington, 2.8:z. courag., 694-5 corpses of Ohrdrul, 659; and British 'Comet': an escape line, betrayed, 393; Co•• ntry (England): bombed, 141-31 war d.ad (by F.bruary 1945), 661; brok.n,416 repercussions of bombing of, 1.6; and a Rritish dri •• to the &I,ic, 667; Commandant Teste (French aircraf, renewed bombing of, 171; a and Hammier's offer to surrender, carrier): escapes, 107 comparison with, 439 670; and the imminent Communist - Commercy (France): American troops COllentry (British anti-aircraft non-Communist divide, 579-80, 686- cross Meuse at, ,84 destroyer): in action, 184; sunk, 360 7; and the American-Soviet military 'Commi.sar Decree': and ,h. German Coward, Sergeant Charles: his courage, demarcation line, 680; and the invasion of Russia, 160, 167-8, 18}, 50} German surrender, in Italy and 191,2.00-1,105, :z.I8 Cowra (Austraha): a mass breakout at, southern Austria, 68)j in Berlin, 70", Compiegne (Franc.): and peace 5"5 705. and the atomic bomb test, 705, negotiations, 70; and the armistice of Cox, Geoffrey: an eye~witness, 31, 42., 707; and a possibl. negotiated p.ac. , lOG-I 47,49 with Japan, 705', 707-8; and Austria, Comps, Andre: and the 'Flying Ramb', Crabtree Neck (Main.): G.rman agents 705-6; and German prisoners·of.war, 4"}-4 land at, 615 72.1; the 'iron curtain' speech of, 72.8- Compton, Captain john T_: coun­ Cracow (Poland): C.nnans ent.r, 6; 9 maniall.d, 44 S slave labour camps near, 2.3; Poles 797 INDEX

Cracow (Poland)--con,d. defences, SIS; and General Guderian's Dabrowa (near Warsaw): a Polish pilot seized in, 1.6; and the Jewish srar, .8; visit to France, 517, 5[9; and U1tra, shot in, 596 a Pole shot in, 47; and German Sl7, 51 9, 511 , 530, SH; launched, 533; Dabrowa Gornicza (E.astern Silesia): atrocities, 57; a deportation to carried out, 53<4-6 Poles executed in, 331;. jews deported Auschwitz rhrough, 9S; Poles from, Crown of King Zvonimir: awarded, H9 to Auschwitz from, 436 executed at Dachau, 140; and German Croydon (England): fifty people killed Dachau (Germany): Czech prisoners at, moves prior to "Barbarossa', 164; a at, [36 7; a would·be assassin imprisoned at, Jewish act of defiance in, 388; a Cruewell, General: and the German 16; a mass execution of Poles at, [40j German act of terror in, 61.9; Soviet rocket bomb, ~16 prisoners from, used for medical forces enter, 631; 'mass arrests' near, Cuneo (haly): jews shot in, 673 experiments, 184; a courageous 6~6 Cunningham, Admiral Sir john: 18~, Pastor, dies on way to, 2.2.8; a Creil (France): and the 'Flying Bomb', 347 Resistance heroine, shot at, 438; 50 S Cunnington, Captain D. W.: his Soviet prisoners-of-war shot at, 496, Crerar, Brigadier H. D. G.: reaches courage, 116-, 503; a parachutist sent to, 515; a Britain, 1.5 Cumb.,land (British cruiser): hit, 117 German general sent to, SSo; an Creswell, Michael: helps escapees, 188 Curda, Karel: an informer, 334i halian police officer sent to, S8S; Red Crete: arid Italy, '3S; British troops executed, 731 Army officers executed in, 585; British reach, 147; British [toops evacuated Currie, Major David: his courage, 567 agents executed in, 490; a parachutist to, '7S, 176; German preparations for CUr10n Line: and Poland's post-war from Palestine executed in, 61 I; invasion of, 180, 18); bombardment borders, ~97, SS~, 679 Hitler's would~be assassin, murdered of, 18}, 18.; invaded, 184; evacuation Cvetkovic, Dragisa: refuses to join in, 660; further executions in, of of, 186; losses on, 186-7; and a Axis, 157; join Axis, 164 Allied officers, 668; American forces deception plan, 347; German bombers Cye/ (British merchant ship): enter t 6n-8; a war crimes trial at, move westward from, 374; Germany torpedoed, 190 71S-6; forcible repatriation from, 718; to 'stay' on, ~~t; and an Allied : German prisoners~of-war and war criminals cremated at, 73[i deception plan, 494; a kidnapping on, Jews in camps on, 730 Displaced Persons at, 736; a memorial S19-1.0; reprisals on, 52.0; killing of (Libya): Australian troops inaugurated at (1956), 738 hostages on, 534; a former Governor advance in. 153; Rommel advances in, Dahl, Colonel Arne: lands in Karelia, of, executed, 731 168; Rommel completes reconquest 6"-3 Crimea, the: German designs on, 11.0; of, [70; Rommel reconquers a second Dahlerus, Bieger: his peace mission, 19- German aspirations for, 2.07, 2.36; to time, 2.99; Mussolini flies to, 337; .0 be occupied, 112.i and Hitler's Mussolini returns to haly from, H8 Dahlgren (Virginia): and a scale model strategy, U4j a motor road to be built Czechoslovak : declared, 583 atomic bomb, 45 [ to, 13Si German advance towards, Czechoslovakia: an agent of, 1 Sj forces : 'Shakespeare bealS 138,139; Germans reach, 1.15; Hitler's of, in Britain, II3, n'4; a clandestine Hitler', [}I new name for, 153; German conquest mission to, 183-4; Jews from, Daily Herald: repom on a false of, 154; executions ln, 167-8, 196, 30lj deported to their deaths, 314, 507; announcement of victory, 586{ Soviet troops land on, 183; German troops of, in action at Kharkov, olIO; Dakar (Frencb West Africa): 109; plans counter-offensive on, 313; German forced labourers from, killed in an for the seizure of, 12.]; and France's speakers from , to be AJlied air raid, 453; and war crimes, 'honour', 133 settled in, 341; an attack into the to be punished, 469; troops of, in Daladier, Edouard: and Finland, }4; Caucasus from, 341; to be evacuated, action at Kiev, 473; troops from, reach falls from power, 50i Foreign 471; Germans retain control of, 507; the Carpathians, 60~; Red Army Minister t S4 liberation of, SIS; effect of liberation approaches prc~war borders of, 616; Dalmatian Coast (Adriatic Sea): islands of, on Turkey, .5I7 Red Army enters, 631; Red Army off, being fortified, ~94; islands off, Crinis, Professor Max de: commits advances through, 66[; officers from, bombed, sos; Germans begin suicide, 682. executed in Dachau, 668; battles in, evacuation of, 660 : declared an independent State, 674, 686; to be 'police-governed', 686; Dalton, Hugh, urged to 'Sct Europe [71; persecutions in, [81, 3"'; to be a continued fighting in, 689; final ablazc',lo6 'tourist' paradise', 107; Jews not to be military operations in, 69[; German Damascus (Syria): battle for, t88-9; deported from, 3~-S, 386; jews sent troops surrender in, 692.; troops from, surrender of, [94 to Auschwitz from, 4.2.4, 431.; an anti­ and the surrender of Dunkirk, 691; Danube River: mines dropped in, 515, partisan action in, 41.7; troops from, German-speaking inhabitants 550, 599; Red Army reaches, 584; Red fight Tito's partisans, 431; Jews from, expeJled from, 699-700, 710; in the Army crosses, S87, 616; battles near, reach safety in Italy, S8S; German Soviet bloc, 713; rejects the Marshall 6~0 forces retrcat through, 669 Plan,7H Damaskinos, Archbishop of Athens: : political assuranccs to, 167 Czechs: imprisoned, 7; sent to Germany protests against deportation of Jews, : awarded, 370,464 for forced labour, ~o; 'bludgeoned', 414; leads a government. 62.3 Croix de Guerre with Gold Star: 69; their fate 'a matter of utter Dame of Sark, the: raises the Allied awarded, 7.8 indifference, ~6; a monument to, Aags,690 Croix du Capitaine Michel: created, unveiled,740 Damerment, Madeleine: shot, 590 ~77 Czertaski, Asher: and an act of Danielak, Alexander: drops supplies on 'Cromwell': codeword for an imminent resistance, 328 Warsaw, S90 invasion, I1. 3 Czcrniakow (Warsaw): holds out, 586; Dankowski, Srefanek: shot, 36 Cross Island (Solomons): j. F. Kennedy Polish troops enter, 593, 594 Dannecker, Theodor: and the Jews, reaches, 449 Czernowitz (Roumania): Red Army 119, commits suicide, 717 Cross of War Merit: awarded, S83 reaches, 506-7 Danzig: Hider enters, [Ii Germans Cross-Channel landing: planning of, Czestochowa: German orders in, 9; deported to, 13; an escape through, 391,397,416,43°; to be the 'primary forced labourers taken from, [19; 480; a new submarine being fabricated ... effort' of Britain and the United Jewish resistance in, 4<40; Jews killed in, 615; a 'death march' on the road States, 451; Hitler warned about, 472.j in,444 towards, 633; Germans in action ncar, discussed at Teheran, <478; German 640j Hitler demands railway line to, concern with, 486, 488; planning for to be held, 643; besieged, 654; fighting (january-May 19~4)' 490--1, ~97, 507, 'D-Day' (the Normandy Landings): near, 687, 689 5U, SIS, 5[7, 520, 511. 526, 518-9; 516, S 34; and an air ace, 556 'Danzig': code word for an invasion, 60 deception plans for, 491-3, 49~, 506, Dabie (western Poland): jews from, Dardanelles (Turkey): 1J7 511.532; and a map of German gassed,179 Darlan, Admiral jean: and the French INDEX

Fleet. 99. 106. 383; and the Allied Debrecen (Hungary): bombed, BO; in action ncar, 100; Germans landings in North Africa. 376; besciged, 601; falls. 604 withdraw from, 571 alSaninated. 389 Deception: and Hider. SlI; and Russia. Dinant (Belgium): German rroop. Darling. Donald: helps escapees. d8 '30-', '59; andlhe Normandy reach. 64 Darmstadt (Germany): bombed. S90; landing, 49"-3.494. 506, S", S)1 Dimitroy (near Moscow): Germans jet airfields at. bombed. 651; a war Oegrelle. Leon: awarded ,he Knigh,'s reach, 2.62.; Soviet: reinforcements crimes trial at, 708 Cross, 503; awarded the Oak Leaves, gather ncar, 16.5 Darnard. Joseph: collaborate•• 390 Sa. Dirlcwanger, General: his award, 597 Dartmouth (southern England): a Delft University (Holland): a protes, at. Dirlewanger Brigade: in 'Warsaw, "'4, mission from. 475; and an Allied '44 S6S; in Sloyakia, 604 escape line, 4'5; an invalion exercise Delhi (India): yiolence in. 715 Diskin, Efim: his heroism, 159 artacked off. S"0 Delp, Alfred: hanged, 6)7 Displaced Persons (D.P.s): throughout Darwin (Australia): Japa..... attack Demyansk (Russia): Hitler refuses Europe, 72.6; remnants of (in 1952.), on. 301; MacArthur reaches. 307 withdrawal from, 108; Hider awards 736 . Dds Reich (magazine): and the Jews. commanding General in, 338 Dis'inguished Conduc, Medal: "S7 Dendre RiYer (Belgium): British fall awarded, 411 Daumeries, Fe-rnand: sentenced to back to, 68 Dis,inguished Flying Cross: awarded, death. 613 Denee (Belgium): bartle at, 66 5 Da.. o (Philippines): an American Denmark: plans for, 4S. 46; invasion of,· Distinguished Service Cross: awarded, landine at. 701 Hi overrun, J"f.; its futu~, 8S; and a 2.79.453 Davis. Commander George F.: his German demand for 'he evacua,ion of Disringuished Service Medal: awarded. bravery, '2.8 Jews. 363-4; forced labour hom, 4201, 64 'Day of the Eagle. The': the air war .f.17j resistance in, and a German Distinguished Service Order: awarded, alainsl Britain, II,,-S; launched, 116, ul,imatum, 456; rescue of Jews from. 4S, 64, 44", 464, S"0 117; fails, 114; and the Blitz. 117; 464; 'error killings in, 488; and Hider's Ojakovo (Yugoslavia): Jews murdered German air losses after, 130 view of Allied strategy. BO; and ,he at, 391. Day of Judgement. the: and the Normandy deceprion plan. S41; a Djedeida (Tunisia): raid on. 383 responsibility for Pearl Harbour. 7}8 s,rike in, and reprisals. HO; Allied Diilas, Miloyan: a partisan, 1.08 Dayan. Moshe: in action. 189 raids, on Gestapo headquarters in, Dmitriey (Russia): an anti· partisan Day,on (Ohio): Rooseyelt speaks in. 60S, 6 J I j Russians to be prevented sweep near, 390 131 from en'ering, 667. 687 Dneproperroysk (southern Russia): De Bono. Marshal Emilio: executed. Dentz, General Henri: defends Beirut Germans capture, 2.1.6; Russians in 488 and Damascus. I8s-, action ncar, 1.p.; executions in, 191; De Gaulle. Charles: in action. 68; Deprez. Robert: killed, S 11 Red Army approaches, 464; Red becomes Under-Secretary of War. 86; Dep,ford (London): a rocket bomb hits: Army enters, 471 suppons a stand in Brittany, 90, 91; 61 4 Dneprodzherzinsk (sou,hern Russia): broadcSlS from London. 99; pledges Der StU",.,r: 'he editor of. hanged. 731 Russians enter, .71 '0 fight on, 110; and 'he Dakar Derby (England): a bombing raid on, Dnieper River (Russia): 181,119,117; expedition, 117; sets up the Empire foiled,I8I Soviet panisans east of, 303; Soviet Defence Council. 134; takes Derna (Libya): evacuated, 'SS partisans west of, 383; Red Army from Vichy. 141; and 's Dekanozoy, Vladimir: his place of approaches, 463i Red Army crosses, mission, 187, 434; denounces 'war honour, 179 464,471; Germans defea,ed a', 499 crimes" a.,a; denounces "bestial Derrick, Seflcant Thomas: hts courage Dniester River (Russia): Germans policy' of killing Jews, 387; his in action, 417 forced back across, 506 influence in France, to be combaned, Deschenes Commission of Inquiry on Dno (Russia): partisans active near, 464; returns to France, ,42-; his War Criminals: its rport, 741 3~; Germans driven from. 503 representarive in Paris, shot, S68; I>esoubrie, Jacques: hanged, 718 Dobromil (Eastern Galicia): Jews killed returns '0 Paris, 580. Sh. 611 Destruction Battalions: to be set up, in In, 1.09 De bytor (Du,ch ligh, crui.... ): sunk. Russia, 101 Dodecanese Islands (Aegean Sea): 161; 30 3 'Deutschland iib.. Alles': sung as the battle for. 465 De Tassigny. Geoeral de Lartre: his Tirpitz sank. 611 Dohnanyi, Hans von: and the first escape, 468; and the battle for Deyenter (Holland): a Dutchman from, Bomb Plo, against Hider (March Colmar, 639; witnesses ,he final hanged. 669 19.41), ,.1.1.; arrested, 419; implicated, German instrument of sunender, 690 Devers, General Jacob L.: accepts an J97; murdered, 660; his brother·in· De Valera. Eamon: a pro,est from. 1l1S; unconditional surrender, 687 la w sho', 671 sends condolences on Hitler's dearh. Devil, the: in Lille, 104; and the Jews, Dolfuss, Or Engelbert: 111 683 405 'Dolphin': a German cypher key, 'Dead Hone Alley': in Normandy. S67 D..,o... hi,. (British cruiser): King recovered, 45 Deakin. Captain William: in Haakon embarks on, 87; sink. 'he Domagala, Jan: saves evidence of Yugoslavia. 430, 431 AtI""tis.16I ..... executions, 50) 'Dea,h Candida,es': killed in a reprisal Diamonds (to 'he Knight's Cross): Domodossola (Italy): partisans conrrol action, 6.46 awarded,87 region ncar, "1S-6, S90 'Death Commando': reports of. 658 'Dick': and the Normandy deception. Domont (ncar Paris): five Frenchmen 'Death marches': westward from 537 shot in, S68 Auschwitz and its labour camps, '31, Dieppc (France): Germans advance Don Basin (Russia); Germans forced to 6)r..... ; wes,ward from Sturthof, 633 ,owards, 88; an Allied commando give up, 459 Death's Head Divilion (of the S.S.): in raid on. 353-4; fate of prisoners-of­ Don RiYer (Russia): German attack

Poland, 1-3. 32.; in action in France, war captured atJ 367; and a possible towards, 140. reached, 341; a 6" 70, 73, '4, ,6-'7.100; moves to East Allied landing, S18; an Allied defensive line '0 be held on, 34S~; Prussia, 188, 191i in action apinst deCeprion a,. 531 Germans cross, 347~ Italian cavalry in Runia, %.01-a., 1~, 137-8, 138; and Diego Suarez (Madagascar): attcked, action on, 355; Germans not allowed. the first heavy snowfall (October 32.3; a submarine raid on, 330 to withdraw across, )81; Germans IlI4l). 144; complaints of cowardice Die/pi (Italian fuel ship): sunk, H7 driven sou,h of, )88 in, 2.S7; and Soviet partisans, UJ4-S Dietrich, Ouo: Russia 'vanquished', Donat. Alexander: 'victory ... cenain', Debica (Poland): fate of Polish children "4" 199 at, 37 Dierrich, Sepp: in hiding, 78 Donbaik (Burma): Bri'ish advance to, Deblin (Poland): It S Oiion (France): Germans enter, 97; 55 391; attack on, repuJ&ed, 399 799 INDEX

Donecz Basin (Ukraine); a German Drohobycz (Eastern Galicia): Soviet American airman beaten to death in, objective. l.l.l. annexation of. 16; Jews killed in, 1U, 596 Donett River (Ukraine): Germans 118 reach, 341 Drugge, Karl: hanged, 119 Eagle (British aircraft carrier): in Dongo (Italy): Mussolini killed in, 676 Drvar (Yugoslavia): Tito moves to, 4S9; action, 109; and aid to Malta, 313; Donitl, Admiral Karl: and the a German move against, 52.7 sunk,351 Courageous, 10i and German Drysdale River Mission (Australia): 'Eagle'. Nest' (Bad Nauheim): Hitler submarine losses, 1.8r; and the bombed,461 at, 617 Channel Coast, 199; and rescue work Dublin (Eire): condolences on Hitler's Easley, Brigadier Claudius M.: killed, to stop, 360; and the Battle of the death expressed in, 68} 700 Adantic, 41.S, 431i warns of a crOS5~ Dubno (Poland): overrun, 10li Jews East Anglia (England): bomber. strike Channel invasion, 517; doubts an murdered in, }2.1, }67-8 into Baltic from, 62.5 imminent invasion, Sl.l.; and the Dubnov, Simon: his last words, 166 East Germany: in the Soviet bloc, 71..); Normandy deception, 537; and the (Yugoslavia): Tito'. at atom spy goes to live in, 734; failu« of the Bomb Plot, 559; and the partisans enter, 604 declines to pay reparations to Jews. 735 German surrender, 684, 689 Duch". of York (BtI"sh passenger East Grinstead (England): burns treated 'Donny': a double agent, and the liner): German prisoners-of~war on, at, 131 Normandy deception, 537 154 East Prussia (Germany): a Donovan, Colonel William J.: and the Dui/io (halian battleship): sunk, 140 concentration camp in, 14i German Balkans, 157-8; and national security, Dudin (a parrisan): in action, 2.09 mental patients in, rounded up and '91; and money for the Polish Dulle., Allan: negotiates with an ss killed, 70; Hitler's search for a resistance, 411 general, 648 headquarters in, 117; German troops Doolittle, Lieuttnant-Colonel James Diilmen (Ruhr): bombed, 649; a move to (June 1941), .88, 191; H.: leads a bombing raid against planned German counter-attack at, Germans driven back towards (June Japan, 3'7 65' 1944), 54.; Red Army reaches (August Doorman, Admiral Karel: killed in Dumbarton Oaks (Washington): and 194.),571; to be divided between action, 303 the United Nations Organization, 574 Russia and Poland, 600; Red Army Dora (Germany): concentration camp Duncan (US destroyer): caught In cross· enters, 603-4; Httler leaves, 613; Red at, 511; Gypsies 3t, 561 hre, 368 Army enters in force, 631; Germans 'Dorick': a double agent, and the Dunkerque (French battle cruiser): cou.nter~attack in, 634; soldiers and Normandy deception, 537 sunk, 107 refugees from, drowned, 635; Domberger, General Walter: Dunkirk (France): and the British continued fighting in, 654, 687; surrenders to the Americans, 68} Expeditionary Force, 71.-4i 75-8}j [0 surrenders in, 692.i some Germans Dorogobuzh (Russia): Soviet partisans be held, 58 j; Germans besieged in, refuse to surrender in (II May 1945), in region of • 2.96, 308, 3 I 8, 340. an 592.; Germans in, surrender, 691; an 69}; final surrender in, 694 anti-partisan sweep near, 440 Anglo-French treaty signed in (19'1-7), East Upper Silesia (poland): Poles Dorsch, Xavier: builds a rocket 73 1 expelled from, 2.7; slave labour in, launching site, 455 Dunlop, Colonel Edward: a prisoner· 503i 514-5; aerial photography over, DorselShire (British cruiser): rescues of-war of the Japanese, his daily 5'3-4 survivors, 184; sunk, ,Jl4 record, 318, 345. 4[7. ,,12., 435, 437- 'East Wall': to be built along the Volga, Dorsten (Ruhr): bombed, 649 8, 477i and liberation, 718 311 (Ruhr): Jews deported from, Dunov, Ana[Oly: executed, 50} Eastern Galicia (Poland): 9, 307, 310, 316-']; bombed, .3', 649 Duquenne-Creton, Madame: helps two 3'5,361,439, .90; Red Army 'Dortmund'; the codeword to start surVivors, 77 approaches, 5 I I 'Barbarossa" 192. Duren (Germany): American forces Eben-Emael (Belgium): attacked, 6.; D'Ortoli, Paul: executed, 673 enter, 617 surrenders. 61.; American troops Dosen (near Leipzig): and euthanasia, Durmitor, Mount (YugoslaVia): Tito's L:apmre, 590 508 partisans driven to, 391; partisans Ebens« (Austria): and the intended Doss. Desmond T.: his courage, 662. driven from, 455 murder of several thousand Jews, 'Double Cross' system: established, 15- Durovo (Russia): Russians reach, 414 687-8; an act of defiance in, 688 16 Diisseldorf (Germany): a Du"h officer Eberl, Dr Irmfried: and euthanasia, 105; DovedEngland): and the Dunkirk dies in, 17; bombed, 146; Jews and the T reblinka death camp, 344 evacuation, 7S, 7Bj cross-Channel deported from, 2.45; bombed, using Eberswalde (near Berlin): and the shelling of, 594 two-ton bombs, 359; bombed, using German defence of Berlin, 669-70; Dover Strait: and Hitler's view of Allied a new device, }89; anri-N azi leaAets General Steiner's lack of action at, 670 strategy, 530j and the Normandy distributed in, 412.; American troops Eckernforde (Germany): 'activity' at, Landings deception plan, 555 Ireach Rhine opposite. 645; a war 52.j details of new submannes at, to Dowding, Sir Hugh: and Britain's crimes [rial in, 741 go to the Western Allies, 690 weakness in the air, 85 Dutch Council of Churches: a protest Ecor (France): an anti-Maquis sweep 'Down with Hitler': painted on a wall by, ,88 at, 554 in Munich (1943), 404 Dutch East Indies: and Japan, 116, '53, Edelman, David: falls," battle, 565 Downing Street (London): awaits a 2.90; overrun, 30}-4. 305-6, )06-7; Eden, Anthony: 134, 159, Z78, .68, 519, parachute auack, 69 fate of Internees and prisoners of war 546,554; 'horrified' by Morgenthau Drabik, Sergeant Alexander A.: crosses on, 63Si civil in, 733 Plan, 591; and Churchill's wish to Ihe Rhine, 647-8 Dutch Volunteer l.,egion: on the forestall the Russians, 667, 687; and Draney (Paris): Jews deported to Leningrad front, 2.96 the missing Polish negotiators. 686 Auschwitz from, }IOj a Jew dies at, Dvina River (the Western DVlna): ,Sr; 'Edgar' (Philippe de Gunzbourg): 506 Germans reach, 2.01 sabotage by, 484, 543 Dresden (Germany): proposed 'heavy Dvinsk (): Germans enter, 1.01j Edgers, Mrs Dorothy: and Pearl attacks' on, 6}6j 'allotted' to the allied Jews shot in, 109; 'insane persons' Harbour. 171 airforces, 6}8j bombing of, 640-2., murdered at, 2.}Sj Red Army enters, Edinburgh (British cruiser): sunk, )15 667i German troops still fighting near 56 1 Edmondson, Corporal Jack: hIS (on 8 May 1945), surrender, 690 Dyle River (BelgIUm): Anglo·French courage, )16 River (Yugoslavia): Germans fall plan for, 59i advance to, 61 Edwards, Private E. L: dies in captivity, back to, 615 Dzhankoi (Crimea): executions at, .35 Orissa (Russia): a Soviet defence line at, 195 Edwards, Hughie: wins the Victoria 101, 2.0S; Germans driven from, 5B Dziekanow (near Wanaw): an Cross, 2.01

800 INDEX

Egrr (Hungary): Red Army ent.rs. 615 hospital ship on, sunk, 6,U; western from a U-boat. ISo; and the 'Vulture' Eg.rsund (Norway): a G.rman ship Alli.s r.ach. 661; a proposed d.f.nc. k.y us.d by the G.rmans in Ru.sia. boarded n.ar. ~ line from, towards Berlin, 670-1; :1.01,137; and Soviet Intelligence, Egg.rsdorf (near Berlin): d.f.nc. of.670 Americans and Russians link forces :z.08; an Eastern Front key, broken, Egypt: ,.,., 104; vulnerability of British at, 673 1ct7, 2.09; sent to Russia, 2.08, 110, forces in, U.1; Hitler's thoughts on, Elbing (East Prussia): Sovier forces 1.13,2.38, J17, 341, 3", 367, 381, 38S. I3S, 1.3; reinforcements for, 149.175; reach Baltic at. 633 42.4; and 5 S atrocities, 11), 12.1, 12.6, danger to, J 57i Rommel plans to Elect,a (British destroy.r): sunk. 303 '33. 'S6; and G.rman operational conquer, 177; Rommel enters, 178; Eliasb.rg. Karl: conducts in Leningrad. orders on the Russian front, 2.32., 2.38, supplies for. 180; aircraft transferr.d '55 '57, .87,'97. 308 • 3'7. H4. 341• 343. to, from Crete, 184; King of the Elista (southern Russia): Germans 381 • 38 S. 3951 • 407. 410. 4'''; five Hellenes evacuated to, 186; renewed reach, 351; Soviet partisans at, 370; keys of. broken (1-. january 19~). threat to, 196; a sLICcessfulltalian Germans withdraw to, 38S .87; • serback to the decrypting of. in naval action off. 333; r.newed dang.r Elizabeth. Queen: and an air raid. 155 tbe Atlantic and Mediterran.an. ~97; in. H5. H~; and the German Elizabeth II. Queen: and Hirohito's furth.r k.ys of. brok.n at Blerchley. advance into the Caucasus, 348; visit to London (1971). 741-' '97; and the 'Chann.1 nash'. 300; and setback to, 376; German prisoncrs.of­ EJsas, Fritz! execured, 62. 7 the Ti,pit:. 307; and a naval success war repatriated from. 73~ Els.r.johann Georg: tri.s to kill Hitl.r. off the United States. 330; further keys Ehr.nburg. lIya: and Stalin. 176; 'woe :z.6; murdered, 660 of. brok.n. 334. 3B. 366. 3851. 39S- to Germany!' S71 Empir. D.fence Council: s.t up by n. 6. 407; and Malta. 368; and El Eichelberg.r. G.neral: and the battl. Gaull•• I34 Alam.in. 371; and an act of courag. for Biak Island. S4~-3 Empress Augusta Bay (Solomon off the Nil. O.lta. 373-4; and the Eichmann. Adolf: and the j.ws. 1'9, Islands): battle in. 50S 'Torch' landings in Fr.nch North L49. 1SI; and the '" 191; Emp,ess of Asia (British troopship): Africa. 374. 376; and tbe German plan and medical experiments, 2.99; and the sunk,'99 to bomb Baku. 375; and the div.rsion d.portation of jews. 3'9. H6. 50S. Emp,ess of Brit";" (British pass.ng.r of transport aircraft from Sta'ingrad, 560; returns to Budapest. 603; brought lin.r): attacked at sea. IJ' 376-'7.385; and tbe destruction of to trial in Isra.l. 73~"0 Empress of CafIQda (British passeng.r Rommel's oil fu.1 suppli.s. 387. 388. Eidee, 55 General: in Poland, 1, 4, 11; liner): Russians evacuated on, 2.2.6 39 ... 406; and the battl. in Tunisia. in East Prussia, 191; at Emmerich, S 5 Sergeant: wounded, at 401; and the Battl. of M.d.nin•• 409; Sachsenhaus.n. 143; complains of Auschwitz ...69 and the battk of the Atlantic. 413-4. cowardice on the Eastern Front, 157; Emmons, General DeJos c.: reaches "". "'5. 431; and Rommel's supply d.corated by Hitl.r. 338 London, [~O links with Sicily. ,,1,. ~5; and the Eif.1 Mountains (G.rmany): Hitl.r E,.,ou,.t~r (Br.tish deltoyer): sunk, 304 Alli.d deception plan for Sicily. 4'3- refuses a withdrawal to, 611; uoops Endrass, Captain: lost without rrace, 4; and the . 4'4; and withdrawn from, to the East, 61.6 .8, an Anglo·American agreement Eik (Belgium): G.rman troops r.ach. 61 'Enemi.s of the Peopl.': .xecuted. 598 concerning, .f2.9; and the Eindhov.n (Holland): a parachute Enfid.vill. (Tunisia): def.nce lin. at. Geheimschreiber secret teleprinter, landing at. 593 4'9 4'9; and the G.rman transfer of air Einstein, Albert: 1.0, 1.1 Engel. Captain G.rhard: and a prot.st forces from Russia to Italy ..... 1; Eire: the Presid.nt of. and Hitl.r'. to Hitler. 19; and Hitl.r's 'nightmar.' Sovi.t use of..... 1; and tbe Balkans. d.ath. 683 ('5 Nov.mb.r 1941) ••63 HI; and the sinking of the Eisenach (Germany): a count.r-attack 'England Gun': d.stroyed. 5H1 Scharnhorst. 48.; and tbe Normandy towards, defeated, 6.59 English Chann.l: a Briti.h convoy Landings deception plans. 49'-3; and Eisenhow.r. General Dwight D.: 'w. attack.d in. 109; and the 'Day of the a G.rman attack at Anzio. 4", and must win in Europe', 1.,.5; and a Eagl.'. II7; and. possibl. German the 'Flying Bomb'. 511; and German dec.ption plan. 347; and the surr.nder invasion, 113; and the movement of preparations to meet a cross·Channe1 oEItaly. 45'; and a plan to land n.ar German air forces to the Balkans, 166; landing. 5.8; and the G.rman fu.1 Rom•• 459; and the Normandy and the movement of German air shonag. in France. 53 5; and the landings. 490-1; SI5. HI. 53'; and forces to Poland, 176; a Commando G.rman fuel shortage on all fronts. the Normandy Landing dec.ption. ratd across, 3°4; decoy air raids s76; and a cunailment of German air 555; visits the Falaise battl.field. 574; across, 31 S""'j pre·invasion practice activity on the Western Front, ,n; and the human hazards of combat. attacks across, 318-9, 3S)-4 and the Ardenn.s. 6'5~; and a new 599; and German 10 ..... 615; and the Enigma machine: its secrets broken, 39; German submarine, 6:z.S; and Hitler'. Ardennes, 62.1-1; and 'Berlin, 658, 661; three rotors of, recovered, 45; its final quesrions, 679 and th. corposes of Ohrdruf. 659; and Norway key brok.n, 56; and tbe see also inde" mtry fa' 'Ultra' the American·Sovier demarcation line, German pl.n. in May 1940, 58; and Eniw.tok Island (Pacific Ocean): 680; and the German surrender, 689; the breaking of the G.rman Air Fore. Americans land on, 496; American and Prague. Ii90 key. 7'. 81; and an understanding of vicrory on, 499 Eisi.k •• (Lithuania): j.ws killed in, '39 German priorities, 82., 83; enables 'Enola Gay' (us bomber): and the EI Agh.ila (Libya): British driv.n from. British rc-inforcements to be sent to atomic bomb, 70, 711 16S; Rommel driven from, 159; France, 83, 87, 88; restriction of secrets E"oll,a Maru (japanese fr.ight.r): Rommel. again mast.r of. falls back of. 851; and the bombing of Britain. bombed. 618 to, 381 104. 104-S; and G.rman bomber Ensched. (Holland): a rocker fired on EI Alam.in (Egypt): Rommel reaches. strength, 108; and German intenrions Antwerp from, 610 337.338; Rommel unabl. to tak•• )58; (Augusr 1940), II7, 119, UI; and Enterprise (us aircraft carri.r): at P.arl Rommel def.ated at. 371; Rommel Hirer's eastern plans, 136, [42., 148, Harbour•• 68; damaged in the pushed back towards Libya from. 164,181,191, 191.j confirms that no Marshall Islands. '97; • flying bomb J74. 376 invasion of Britain is in prospect suicide attacK on, 650; an earlier EI Greco: paintings by, evacuated, 106 (Nov.mb.r 1940). 138-<]; and mission of, recalled, 737 EI Goettar (Tunisia): G.rmans br.ak 'Purple', 1 S4; further success in Ep.rdecqu.s (Channel Coast): rock.t through at. 385 keybre.king of. '54; and the Battl. of site on. bombed. 455 EI Hamma (Tunisia): G.n.ral M .... the Atlantic. 159; and 'Operation Epping (London): a rock.t bomb raid. withdraws to, 41S; German and Claymor.·. 161; and the Notth S89 Italian forc.s driv.n from. ,,16 African battles. 174. 183. '59.16~. 357; Erdman. Loth.. : killed. 10 Elba (Italy): caplUred. 54' and German plans for Cr.t•• 180. I83; 'Ermine': German communication key, Elbe River: a secret meeting on, 188; a and the recovery of cyph.r mat.rial broken. 407

801 INDEX

Erith (Kent): an incident in, 183 Fallingbostel (Germany): prisoners-of­ to be 'ruthlessly implemented', 43~; Eritrea: 90; bombing attack on, 90'""91; war in, liberated, 666 and a 'Fuhrer order', 494 British advance in, IB, ISS, 165; Falmouth (England): heavy water Finland: attacked, }1-1.; defends overrun, 170 reaches, 96 herself. 3 •• 36, 38"""'9; negotiates. 40- Erkner (near Berlin): bombed, 481 Faltlhauser, Dr Valentin: supports 'a 2.,47; help for, 46; 'in extremis', .8i Essen (Germany): bombed, 13~, 3oS, slow death', 37~ and the planned German invasion of 408, 409, "tI 7 J 5°4, 6 .. 8 'Family Camp': Jews in hiding in, 345, Russia, 146, 192.; declares war on Essentuki (Caucasus): Jews murdered 36~, 370; Jews killed in, 388 Russia, 2.01; invades Karelia, 1.04, 1.06; at, 3S~ 'Farmer': a sabotage d,,:uit, 378, 477 and the , u8, 2.30; Estonia: its treaty with Russia, 16; Farnborough (England): German granite from, Hitler's plans for. 2.34; Soviet bases in, 44; Soviet troops to aviation expcrts at, 703 and North Russia, 1.41; occupies enter, 94i annexed, I I I i 'no morc Jews'. Farran, Maior Roy: commands a sweep Hango, 168i Britain declares war on, ~S~-3, ~67; Soviet troops approach behind German lines, 573 2.70; fate of the Jews in, 407-8, .fl.o; a frontier of, .. 96; Germans to withdraw Grand Council: turns against Jew from, in the Warsaw uprising, from S~4; Jews murdered in, S~S Mussolini, 446 5'5; defects from the Axis, 574; Estreichcr, Professor Stanislas: dies at Fasson, Lieutenant Tony: his courage. declares war on Germany, 645; the Sachsenhausen, ~6 374,386 Soviet attack on, recalled, 731i war Esztergom (Hungary): mines laid in Fastov (Ukraine): Jews killed in, 2.32.; dead of, 746 Danube ncar, 599; Germans Germans driven from, 473 Finschhafen (New Guinea): Australians ourrounded at, 654 Fateh Khan: found guilty, 7~S land at, 462.; a Japanese counter­ Etang du Canet (France): 8ritish agenrs Fauld (England): an explosion at, 615; attack on, unsuccessful, 46S; land at, 177 the last bombs removed from, 72.7 Australians advance from, 486 Ethiopia: war comes to, 90, 151, 169 Faulhaber, Cardinal Mich.eI von: and Finzi, Gigliola: her fate, 515 Etkind, Michael: at 8uchenwald, S8~ Hider's 'miraculous escape', 2.6 Firestorm: its first appearance (al Ellrick (8ritish passenger liner): reaches Federal German Republic: becomes an Hamburg on ~8 July 1~43), 447-8; at Canada, 106 independent sovereign State (1~15), Kassel, 469; at Darmstadt, S90; at Euskirchen (Germany): Hitler at, 60 738; war crimes trials initiated by, 738, Heilbronn, 616i at Dresden. 640-1j at Euthanasia: German plans for, II-U, 741; the President of, recalls the Nazi Tokyo, 648; and Ultra, 63~ 2.0,39. lOS; protests against, 109. 2.2.4; past, 744 First Group a repon on, reaches london, 302.; Fcgelein, SS Lieutenant-General (FUSAG): 6ctitous, but effective, 492., continuation of (.), 336; new Hermann: shot, 676 4~3, 52.3, 54S-6, SH methods for (November I~~), 37~; Fcgen, Captain Edward: his courage, Fischer, Franz: released from prison and medical experiments, SoS; an 138 (1~8~), 744 advocate of, brought to trial, 731 Fcldbaum, Lea: deported, and killed, Fish, Moshe: joins partisans. 345 Euthanasia Decree (of October 1~3~): SI4 Fiume (Italy): bombed, SOC>-I; an arrest ] J-U, 160; the probable author of, Felhender, Leon: leads a revolt, 467 in, S8S commits suicide, 681 Felixstowe (England): German motor Fives (Lille): an act of sabotage at, 440 Evacuation Council: set up, in torpedo boats sail to, to surrender, 'Flak City': a defended port, 378 Moscow, J99 6~3 Flak Towers: to be constructed, 36S Evans, Lieutenant Arthur: a coast Fellgiebel, General Erich Fritz: Flanders (Belgium): 8ritish troops in, watcher,+u executed, 58 S 72.,73 Evrat (Mayor of St Die): and St Di.. s Fenwick. Ian: leads a sabotage mission, (northern Germany): and the liberators, 613 SS> German surrender, 684, 689; William Export Control Act: and Japan, loS Feodosiya (Crimea): Soviet trOOps land Joyce arrested at, 6!16 'Exercise Pirate': preparation for at, 2.8}, 2.84; Russian panisans killed Flerov, Captain: and a new weapon, invasion, .. 68 at, 2.95, }06 2.IO '': an invasion practice, Fermi, Enrico: and the atomic bomb, Fletcher, Private Eric: executed, 358 5~0 384, 5~1 Flinn, John: in action, 171 Exeter (England): bombed, 3'~ Fertig, Wendell: organius resistance, in Florence (Italy): Hitler meets Mussolini Exeler (8ritish

802 INDEX

Foea (Yugoslavia): Tito reaches, 188; forced labour from, 353; 411, 417; Solution', 29; and the 'White Rose' Tito forced out of, 313 Germans bring aircraft from, 317; protest group, 405; killed, 637; his Foeke-Wulf (combat plane): forced Germans bring troops from, 390; and widow receives a pension, 742 landing of, 334 the , 390; 'pure, clean and vital', : '34 Foesani (Roumania): an aerial 411; .nd the cross-Channel landing, French Indo·China: and Japan, 108, reconnalsance near, JI9; airfield at, 4'2.; air supplies to Resistance in, 486; II I, 106, 2.16, 249, 264; Japanese bombed, BO; Red Army approaches, to have a post·war veto, S'4, 101. troops in, attack Malaya, 2.7); 574 troops of, cross Rhine, 6SS; troops of, Japanese approach from China, 614; Foertsch, General Hermann: accepts an to be forestalled, ",; officers from, continued fighting in, 691-3; a new unconditioned surrender, 687 executed in Dachau, 668; slave contlict in, 710, 722.-3; becomes FOlIlIia (Italy): Allies capture, 464; labourers from, liberared, 674; and independent (as Vietnam, Cambodia American bombing raids from, ')Oi the conflict in Inda.-China, against the and Laos), 7,0 aid to Warsaw from, 564-5, 567-8, Communists, 710, 711-); and the French Morocco: roo 595-i> 'challense' of Communism in, 72.9; French National Committee: Folkestone (Enaland): cross-Channel American war dead returned to the eSlablished in London, 103 shelling of, 594 United States from, 73'; and war : 8 I, 9}' 97, 98, Fontainbleau (France): 114 crimes trials, 741 101; Allies plan to land in, 347, 371, Foote, John: his courage, 354 Franco-Prussian War (1870""1): 91 374; landings in, 375,376 'force Z': reaches Singapore, 2.68 Frampton, Commander: dies, 307 French Resistance: 65,370,397,42.2, Foreign Legion: in Norway, 55,65; at Franco, General Francisco: Hitler 434-5,435,436,438,461,464,471, Bir Hakeim, 187, 317; at Lang Son meets, IH-4; again rejects Hitler's 475,477; its activities intensified (Indo-China), 691-3 pressure" 14S-6; rejects Muuolini's (1944),498,523,528,532; and the for~.jght (British destroyer): sunk, 35" pressure, I S7; the police of, and the raid, 499; members of, Formosa (Taiwan): japanese troop f.te of a British commando, 360 captured, 504; attacks on, 51 Ij Allied transports off, 164; japane.. troop 'Franco' (Baron de Nothomb): aid to, 51 5,543; and ss reprisals, tranlpor.. head towards Malaya arrested, 490 536,537-8; an act of revenge by, 548; from, 2.68; an airfield on, bombed, Frank, Anne: in Amsterdam, 5 [6; sweeps against, 554, 557; and the 477; a massive air raid on, 601; a ten· betrayed, S65 , 573,580; and a day naval battle off,617 Frank, ss lioutenant-General August: British sweep behind German lines, Forrestal, James R.: and the japanese and the belongings of 'evacuated' 573; helpers of, executed, 587 rejection of ·unconditioncd jews, 364 : Italian advance into, surrender', 710 Frank, Dr Hans: and Polish ·slaves" I!I, 101; a British agent lands on, 338-9 Forst (River Nei ...): Red Army enters, 11; and jewish slave labour, 13; and : 'Operation 668 the Jewish star, 18; and the Jewish Menace' agains~ 12.7 Forster, Alben: and German rule in fate, 35; and the deportation of Poles French West Indies: 107 Poland, 11, 17 to Germany, 40; angered, 43; and the Frenkel, Getzel: shot, 9 Fori Hen (Burma): 313; an attack from, 'Final Solution', 179; a protesr Frentz, Walter: and Hitler's jump of 506 forwarded by, 415; and the belongings joy, 97 Fort Lc:nin (Sevastopol): f.lls, H 5 of murdered jews, 414; and the Fresnes (Paris): a parachutist. Fort Maxim Gorky (Sevaatopol): falls, continued killing of jews, 505; imprisoned at, 489 H5 hanged,7)1 Freud, Sigmund: his pupil's suicide, 95 Fort Siberia (Seva.topol): falls, 335 Frank, Karl Hermann: hanged, 719 Freyberg, Lieutenant·General Sir Fort Stalin (Sevastopol): falls, H5 Frank, Margot: dies, 516 Bernard: on Crete, 180, 186 Fort Stevens (Oregon): shelled by • Frankfort (Kentucky): a trophy in, Fricke, Rear-Admiral Kurt: plans for japanese submarine, H6 674 the post·war years, 85 Forti, Sergio: tortured and killed, 540 ·on·Main: an institute set up Friedeburg, Grand Admiral: and the 'Fortress City': Berlin declared a, 637 at, to study the 'Jewish question', I,}O; German surrender, 684, 690; commits 'Fortress Europe': Hitler orders the bombed, 210,495,504; Jews deported suicide, 695 creation of, 18 Ji 'fonrcsses' to be- from, 2.45, 254, 2.63: jet airfields at, (southern Germany): created for, 490 bombed, 652; American forces reach, bombed,439 Fortune, Major-GeneraJ, V. M.: in 654; a war crimes trial at, 740 Frisius, Vice· Admiral Friedrich: and the action, s,; surrenders, ~ Franklin (us warship}: sunk, 510 surrender of Dunkirk, 692 Fossoli (Italy): jews deported to Fraser, Lieutenant lan: his courageous Fritsch, 55 Captain Karl: and gassing Auschwitz from, 494, 515, 546 exploit, 710 experimems, 1.2.0 Foster, Tony: and the air battles above Fraserburgh (Scotland): a German 'Fritzes': Russian girls machine-gunned Britain, 12., bomber flies to, instead of (0 a base in by, 246; the 'grea! fligh!' of, 571 Foulkes, Lieutenant-General Charles: Norway, 683 From, Dr Benjamin: killed With his and the surrender of the Germans in Free French Movement (and forces): family, 2..01 Holland, 687 pledges to /igh! on, uo; in French Fromm, General Friedrich: and the Fowler, Bob: his death, on Okinawa, West Africa, 12.7; sets up an Empire opposition to Hitler, 544; not a 6'5 Defence Council, 134-5; takes Gabon conspirator, 558; shot, 650 Fralonard: hi' painriDlI, stolen, 1)0 from Vichy, 141; and the invasion of Fuchs, Klaus: reaches Canada, 106-7; France: dcclara war on Germany, 4; Syria and lebanon, 188-9, 194; and gives Russia atomic secrets, l..p, 348; action by, 6; British trOOpS land in the Dieppe raid, 353; and the cross­ reaches the United States, 478-9, 702.; (1939), 10-11; and Hider', Directive Channel landing, 430; the Normandy imprisoned,734 No. S. 16; and Hider's war plans, 10, Squadron of, in action in Russia, 445, Fujiwara. Major lwaichi: and 'Asia for ,.; and Finland, 34; German invasion 556; and the capture of Elba, \42; the Asiatics', 2.77 of, 61; battle in, 63-101; under and the , 567, 578; Fukuel, General: orders an execution, German occuplnion, 104; and Men-­ in Indo-China, 692-3, 720 358; executed, 72.9 el.Kcbir, 106, 107; fate of the Jews in, 'Free Slovakia': proclaimed, 604 'Fukuryu': suicide mine, 703, 712. n." JI0, 33fi, 3.... , l5l, 361, 36S, 459, 'Freedom': painted on a wall in Munich Furutaka (japanese heavy cruiser): ..'4, S04; work.. of art taken from, (1943),40 4 sunk,368 130; Churchill', broadcast to, I H; (West Africa): a convoy from, Fulbright, SenalOr J. William: his former prisonen..af·war of, liberated, attacked, 373 magnanimous idea, 730; Japan a 116; reprisals in, 2.41, 306, S 1%·-3; and Freiberger, Chief Rabbi (of ): beneficiary of, 735 the Bill.neoun raid, 306; volunteeR sent to Auschwitz, 42.4 FullOn (Missouri): Churchill's 'iron from, on the Eastern Front, 348, 394; Freisler, Roland: and the 'Final curtain' speech at, 72.8 INDEX

Funk, Walther: and German raw expelled from, "; a labour camp German-Soviet Boundary and material supply, 457 near, 17; beseiged, 654 Friendship Treaty (): Fiintcn, Ferdinand aus der: and the Gebhardt, Professor Karl: and medical 16 deportation of Jews to Auschwitz, experiments, 340; hanged, 731 'Germanic SS': an act of resistance 391; released from prison, 7« Geffen, Abba: recalls the journey of against, 384; an act of bravery in, 40S- Furniss Roe, Flying Officer H.: shot Jewish refugees to Palestine, 716 6 down, returns to Britain, 495 Geheimschreiber (secret teleprinter): irs Germany: and the , Fiirstenberg (Oder): Red Army reaches, secrets broken into, 42.9 1-14; and euthanasia, I1-Il., 10, 39, 639 Geibel, General: and the Warsaw lOS, 109, 1.1 ... 336, )79, S08; and the Fiirsrenfeld (Austria): Red Army uprising, 563 annexation of western Poland, 12.; approaches, 666 Gehlen, Reinhard: gives himself up to and a peace mission, 48; an Fiirstengrube Mines (East Upper the Americans, 695 unexpected landing in, 49. and British Silesia): slave labour at, 5'5 Gelman. Polina: her bombing missions, bombing policy, 108, uo, 131, 1)6, Fiirstenwalde (near Berlin): Red Army 339 141.,146,2.08, uo, 308, 314, )19, 319, at, 672- (Germany): bombed,77, 351,159,09,440,447-8,448; and Fiirrh (Germany): jews deporred to 147,536 Allied bombing policy, 378, 393, 398, thelf deaths from, 310j aircraft Genera/ Be/grano (Argentine light 407,409,4'7,01,636, 638"'i>, 644; factories at, bombed, 500-1 cruiser): a survivor of Pearl Harbour, and the Barrie of Britain. II7-1S; and 74' the 'Blitz' against Britain, U,4, 117, 'GGG': a German cypher, broken, '97 'General Commissariats': German plan Ijl, 135, 136, 137, 1S6, 161, 173. 178- Gabes (Tunisia): Germans driven from, to establish, in the Caucasus, 193 9, ]81; and the 'Berlin-Tiftis Axis', 416 , the: 19,14.18; 193; and the invasion of the Soviet Gabcik, josef: his mission behind forced labour in, 34-5; starvation in, Union, 198; declares war on the German lines, .83-4. 3'7; killed, 331 37; Poles to be sent to Germany from, United States, '77-8; presses japan 'GadOy': a German air corps key, 40; the future of the Poles in, 79, 105; for action against Russia, 311.; broken, 187 the future of Jews in, 179, 1.91., 343, Protestant and Catholic protest in Gaida, June: and a Vl. rocket arrack, 35 I, 394-5; a death camp in, 307-8; 3'5; and the fall of Mussolini, 446, 614 statistics of the murder of Jews in. 4]4; .... 8j and the atomic bomb, 14, 31.9, Gainsborough: paintings by, stolen, sabotage in, -462. 379,404,500,645,649"'50,667; and 130 Geneva (Switzerland): and the Russo­ the Axis (Rome-Berlin-Tokyo), "9, Gajduk, Vassily: executed, 585 Finish War, 34; a report of German 134,141,143,149,157,160, 165,1.64, Gajowniczek, Francis: saved, .119 intentions sent from, 351 ,86, ,87, 531, 574' 580, 590, 589,6'4; Galatos (Crere): barrie at, 185-6 Geneva, Lake of: and the French and the plots against Hider, 411, 414, Galatz Gap (Roumania): an aerial Resistance, 398 55 I, 553, 557-8, 559; and the recoRnaisancc ovc:r, 519 Genoa (Italy): bombed, 90, 378; an destruction of the evidence of mass Gale, Private Victor: executed, 358 Allied landing at, feared, 447 murder, 438, 439, 475; 'Big Week' Galen, Bishop (of Miinster): denounces Genoa (Italy): a strike in, 4IOj bombed, (bombing raids) against, SOO-1.j Jet enthanasia, :l.l... .no; Italian ships set sail from, 460; aircraft of, 59.9, 61.1., 616, 649, 650, Galicki, General: replaced General Jews deported to Auschwitz from, 473 651,65,,657,661,666; 'led by Berling, 594 Genzken, Dr. Karl: his experiments, )1 criminals', 744; wartime death toll of, Gallipoli Peninsula (Turkey): and George, King of the Hellenes: '74, 185 7 .. 6; see also index entries {or Dunkirk,83 George VI, King: and the Queen of 'Enigma', Gestapo, Hitl~r, Jews, SS, Gallivan! (Sweden): iron ore at, 41.j Holland, 64; and the battle in France, 'Ultra' plans to seize, .. 8, 50, 55 73; welcomes the Polish Government­ G~rmersheim (Germany): French cross Gamelin, General Maurice Gustave: in· Exile, ]01; and Britain with 'no Rhine at, 655 orders French to leave Belgium, 67 allies to be polite to\ 104; and Gerolstein (Germany): bombed, 611. Gandhi, M.K.: and the Indian National Germany's 'aggressive spirit', liS; Gerron, Kurt: dies in Auschwitz, 595 Army, 72.4, 715 and the London Blitz, t14, ] 55i and Gersdorff, Major General Baron von: Ganju Lama: his courage in action, 539 the sinking of Italian warships, 140; and a second military attempt to kill Ganser, Dr. josef: calls for death and Roosevelt's 'encouragement', 186; HItler (March 1943),414 penalty, 505 and further American help, 2.Hi Gerson. Victor: flown in to France 'Garbo': a double agent, 21', 334, 317, 'depressed', 304; and Churchill's first (1943),475 537,621 meeting with Stalin, 347; and EI Gesiwka Street Camp (Warsaw): jews Garcia, Juan Pujol: a double agent, 2.1l., Alamein, 37 .. ; and 'the future in 1943', from, in the Warsaw uprising, 565 334; and the Normandy deception, 389; and Stalingrad, 406; and the Gestapo, the: and the German invasion 537,541.; his award, 61.1 Normandy landings, 497; and the of Poland, I i and executions in Gardelegen (Germany): jews killed at, atomic bomb, 71] Poland, 11.,104,379,561; seize Poles 663 George Cross: awarded (to a bomb in Cracow, 26; 'public shootings' by, Garigliano River (Italy): crossed, 490 disposal officer), Il.6-7, 146, 183 (to 2.9j arrests by, 7, 39,460; its "grip" 85; Garwolin (Poland): an execution in, 554 Malta), 360; (to two seamen), 374; (to in Paris, 94, 2.79, 337, 55 8, 568 , 571; Gassovski, Paul de: killed, 4" two Australian soldiers), S6S; (to a a refugee handed over to, 151-1.; in the Gatchina (Leningrad): defence works British agent), 718 Crimea, 2.95; and General Giraud, at, 2.17; captured, 2.2.5; partisan George Medal: awarded, 374, 615; the 317; its secrer communications key, activity near, 2.46; liberated, 490 death of a recipient of, 640 unbroken, 3S 3; and the fate of a Gatow (Berlin): a Alght through, 673 'George Onc': a British agent, in British commando, 360; Headquarters Gaudo Island (Crete): an Italian naval France, 18o of, in , bombed, 365; in Brussels, defeat off, 166 Georges, General joseph: and French 373; in Norway, 379, 466; in France, Gauger, Martin: dies, 1.10 losses in battle, 91 390,489.497,513,538; in Greece, 4[3, Gauleiters: Hitler addresses, 399 Georges, Pierre: kills a German, 1.15-6 in Berlin, 418; in Lyon, 434-5, "36, Gaultheror. Henry: executed, 2.1.1.-3 Georgia (Soviet Union): German plans 561,571; in haly, 466; in Warsaw, GavriJovic, Ambassador (of for, 193 479; in the Channel Islands, 498. in Yugoslavia): in Moscow, 169-70 German Four Year Plan: and slave Holland, 511.. JlS-6; in Kovno, 55 5; Gavutu Island (Solomons): landing on, labour, 318 in Fiume, 585; and the Bomb Plot HO German Railways: Enigma key of, conspirators, 597; a headquarters of, Gazala (Cyrenaica): Italians pushed broken, IS4 in Denmark, bombed, 608, 610; back to, }78 German Secret Service: hand cypher of, headquarters of, in Oslo, bombed, Gdynia (Poland): bombed, '; Poles broken, '54 6'4; go after jews who had left INDEX

Birkenau in search of safety, 632.. Auschwitz, 438. found dead, 693 Goeth, Amno": a camp commandant, headquarters of, in Copenhagen, Gneise""u (German battle cruiser): 485 bombed, '51, at Weimar, 66Ii and I 53; in action, J 59, 162.; an anack Goethals, Colonel: warned, }8 Buchenwald, 661. in Italy, 673 on, 1.16j its dash, and damage to, Medal: awarded, I S8 Gex (France): German anti-resistance 300 'Gold' Beach (Normandy): landing ar, sweep ncar, SIS Goben (on the Oder): Red Army 534,536 Ghormley Rear·Admiral Robert L.: reaches, 6)2. Gold Medal for Military Valour: Reaches London, ao God: Hitler gives thanks to, II, 473; awarded,5H : and the battle of Malta, "4. and Hitler's image in Germany, I H; Gold Medal of the Resistance: an Italian air attack on, 110; aid to and the Book of Ruth, IS .. and the awarded,54° Egypt through, 12.2., 139, 1430 Hitler 'final victim" 2.S7; his 'sovereignty' Goldap (East Prussia): Red Army offers, to Spajn, 134; possible above ideology, 315. and Sodom, SS8; reaches, 603-4

bombing of, 'H; Hitler's proposed "000 punish Germany', 633 Golden Oak Leaves: awarded, 615 seizure of, 141, .43, ]45i aid to Greece Godfrin, Roger: survives, 537 Golden Badge of Honour: a holder of, through, 148; convoys from, anached, Godwin, Sub·Lieutenant John: hi, hanged,637 15'7, 381; British to be driven from miSSion, and his fate, 4Z.}; shot down, Goldenberg, Helene: deported to her 189; a convoy to, attacked, 2.}7; ~rk. 617 death,357 Royal torpedoed off, 2.15. a spy from Goebbels, Dr Josef: and the Jews, 2.4, Goldenberg, Lotty: deponed to her shot, 315i North African invasion 3:z., 87, 224, 157,301,306,310,311- death,357 forcc, on way to 373; Germans sight 2, }1.7, 318, )19, 386, 40S, 408,409, Goldman, Marie: killed, 538 invasion force at, 374; General Giraud 410,413; and a British bomb, 11.4; and Goldmann, Dr. Nahum: and brought to, 375. a manned·torpedo an anti·Jewish film, u8; and British reparations for Jews, 715 attack on, 38S bombing raids, u8, 314, 319, 32.1, Goldsmith, Sam: enters Dachau Gibson, Wing·Commander Guy: and -409, -4 10, 42.7, 428, 432., 464, -474. 477, immediately after its liberation, 678 the Ruhr dams, 42.8; shot down, S95 479; reports 'considerable losses', 1.7; Goldstein, Peretz: a parachutist, dies, Gilbert, Captain: killed, 66 and Norway, 161; and Hitler's moods, 611 Gilbert Iolands (pacific): Japanese land 172.,409; and 'John Bull', [78. and the Golikov, General: and 'rumours' of on, 176; Japanese fortify, 353 German Invasion of Russia, 198, 199, war, 164 Gilleron, Abbe Henri: shot, 512.-3 2.01, l. [7; and euthanasia, 2.24j and Gollwitzer, General Friedrich: paraded Gilman, Deni.e: dies, 477 , 304. and in Moscow, 556; returns to Germany, Gimpel, Eric: a German agent, arrested, reprisals, 306, 32.1; and Soviet 738 61S partisans, 308, 32.6. and General Golta (South Russia): concentration Giorgione: paintings of, evacuated, Giraud, 317; and the assassination of camps near, 2.90 2.06 Heydrich, 317, 319; and the 'intereSls Golub, Avraham: and the invasion of Giran, Olivier: executed, 412. of security', 32.8; declares "victory' at SiciJy, as seen from the , Giraud, General Henri: captured, 68; Stalingrad, 398; calls for '', 443 escapes from captivity, 317; rescued 405, 4l2; arranges 'an imposing Gamel (Russia): 2.01, 2.10; Soviet from France, 375i to command funeral', 418; and Hider's confidence partisan activity near, 399, ~-44; in Morocco and Algiers, 389 in victory (May 1943),41.2.; and anti~ Russians capture, 478 Gironde River (France)~ a commando partisan warfare, 41.7; and an anti­ Gomu Island (Solomons): a coast raid on, 385 Bolshevik Legion, ,no; and growing watcher on, 449 Gitter, Asscher: shot, 8~ reSistance, in Poland, 462.; and the war Gona (New Guinea): Japanese land at, Glanc, Rivka: commands a small on the Eastern Front, 463, 472., 478; 34Si Japanese defeat near, 375; resistance group, -440 and the need for 'extremely severe continued fighting for, 378, 385 Glasgow (Scotland): American aid measures' in France, 464; his Ministry Gonzaga (Philippines): Japanese land reaches, 106; Roosevelt's emissary in, bombed, 496; and the future of at, 2.76 lSI. Germany (to be made 'desolate'), 52.8; Gora Kalwaria (Poland): Red Army Gleiwitz (East Upper Silesia): and the and the July 1944 Bomb Plot, 158, SS9' crosses Vistula near, 566 outbreak of war, I, 2.6; slave labour and Roosevelt's death, 662.. and Gorbachev, Mikhail: and an appeal to, at, 52.4, 608; a mass evacuation from, Hitler's suicide, 681j wants to fight on, 'to bring the people doser together', 632. 682.; has himself shot, 681 743 Glickstein, Lutek: a resistance leader, Goebbels, Magda: shot, 682. Gorden (Germany): euthanasia at, 11- 440 Goerdeler, Carl: and Germany's 'brutal Il., lOS Gliere., Pla"au des (France): an attack conduct', 8. and possible peace talks, Gordon·Walker, Patrick: enters Bel.en, on, SII 50,51; implicaled in the Bomb Plot, 664 Gleaner (British ): and 597; hanged, 637 . Gorizia (Italy): panisans killed near, Enigma, 45 Goering, Hermann: his 'intention', 6; 669 Global Accords: and reparations and a peace mission, 19; and the Gorky (Volga): planned German payments, 739 Dunkirk perimeter, 72.; and the air war advance to, JlS; Soviet Globocnik, Odilo: and the Jews, 2.7, against Britain, lIS, 119, Il.3; and reinforcements gather at, 2.67; death 3Il, 337; and the evidence of mass German plans against Russia, 142.; of an evacuee in, 32.5 murder, )68; commits suicide, 696 and rhe looting of art treasures, 16:z.; Gorky (White Russia): Jews murdered Gloeden, Lilo: executed, 615 and the Jews, 2.19. and a future Office in, :z.SS; a German sweep against Glomfjord (Norway): a sabotage for, in Berlin, 2.60; and the bombing Soviet partisans near, }66 mission to, }62.-), 373 of , 32.9; and foreign Gorky Street (Moscow): Soviet troops Glogau (Silesia): Russian attacks fail volunteers on the Eastern Fronr, 3-48; march to the Front from, 2.54 near, 638; German troops hold out in, and slave labour, )48; Hitler mocks, Gorlitz (Germany): anti-Nazi leaflets 6~9 358; and the diversion of transport distributed in, 411; German troops Glorious {British aircraft carrier):--sunk, aircraft from, 376-7; and compulsory still fighting near (on 8 May 1945), 89 air raid patrol duty, for civilians, 417i surrender, 690 Glou,"ster (British cruiser): sunk, t84- and the cross·Channei danger, 52.3; Gorovet., Lieutenant Aleksei: his 5 and a hollow boast, 519. to be killed, tenacity 44' Glubb, Major: enters Iraq, 182. SSI; and Total War Mobilization, 559. Gort, Field Manhal Lord: and the Gluecks, s s Major·General Richard: seeks control of Germany, 671.; under battle in Belgium, 74; and the battle and medical experiments, 3:z., 340j and arrest, 671; '. traitor' J 67.l; expelled in France, 80 rhe establishment of Auschwitz, 43; from rhe , 677; commits Gospic (Yugoslavia): Italians occupy, and the need for a 'green belt' at suicide,7.l I us 805 INDEX

Gotha (Germany): bombed, JOI; Greenland (Danish Colony): occupied Guderian, General Heinz: reaches the 'cadaverous refugees at', 658 by Ihe United States, 173 Meuse, 64, 6S; east of Sedan, 67; Gothenburg (Sweden): IB, 314 Greer, Germaine: and the 'walking enters St. Quentin. 68; in Russia, on 'Gothenland': Hitler's proposal for the wounded', 747 the Beresina River, 105; at Borisov, Crimea, 1.53 Greer (US submarine): attacked, '30 111; near Kiev, 2.)3; in France, 517; (Italy): Germans hold, 581; Greim, Robert Ritter von: ordered to and the Ardennes, 593; dismisscd, 65 I penetrated, 584; a section of, pushed to Berlin, 671; flies to Berlin, 673; Guerisse, Albert-Marie (Lieutenant­ past, 596; renewed Allied atrack on, allowed to leave Berlin, 676; commits Commander Pat O'leary RN): lands 660 suicide, 696 in France (1941), 177; betrayed (1943), Gould, Rifleman D. S.: witnesses an Greindl, Jean: escapes, 39'; killed in an 408; sees four British agents on the atrocity, S15 Allied air raid, 459 eve of rheir dearhs (1944), H5; and the Gould, Louisa: dies at Ravcnsbriick, Greenglass, David: and the atomic liberation of Dachau, 677-8 665 bomb,595 Guernsey (Channel Islands): Germans Goya: the fate of his paintings, 130, Greiser, Artur: and German rule in occupy, l0S; a British commando raid 16, Poland, 12., 11.7, 133i and Hitler's on, IlO; an arrest in, 498 Grabow (Poland): a witness to mass eastern plans, 135-6S; proposes Gurkhas: in action, 40.t, 498, So6, 509, murder reaches, 1.91 'special treatment' for sick Poles, 311; 539,547 Grable, Betty: and the Ardennes, 618, and the Jews, 377, 508; paraded, and Guilbert, Consrance Raymond: 6'0 then hanged, 7'9 witnesses an atrocity, 535 Gracey, Major General D. D.: enlists Gretron, Captain Peter: on convoy (England): German aircraft Japanese troops against Vietnamese, escort duty, 4'j shot down near, 119 7"-3 Greven (Germany): American airmen Giulio Cesare (Italian batdeship): badly Graebe, Hermann: witnesses the shot down over, 578 damaged, 109 murder of Jews, 367-8 Grierson, John: and Hitler's jump of Guggenberger, Lieutenant: torpedoes Graf, Hermann: shot down, 6j9 joy, 97 Ark Royal, 'H Graf, Willi: executed, 405 Gries (Italy): a parachutist imprisoned Gulf of Finland: Soviet coastline on, 40 Grafeneck (ncar Stuttgart): its director, at, 515 Gumbinnen (East Prussia): Red Army at Auschwitz, 2.18 Grini (Norway): imprisonments in, reaches, 603-4; Germans recapture, Gra(to" (British destroyer): attacked, 406,4'3 606 79 Griswold, General Oscar: urges a Gumrak (Sralingrad): Germans hold, Gran Sasso d' Italia (haly): seizure of Japanese surrender, 641. 391; Germans lose, 393 Mussolini at, ..61 Grodno (Poland): and Sovier defence Gunther, Hans: his birthday celebrated, Grant, Private H.: in action, 412. plans, 168; Russian resistance near, 158 Granville (France): a German swoop '04; Jews deported to Auschwitz Glinrhergrubbe Mines (East Upper on, 648""9 from, 391; Gypsies deported 10 Silesia): slave labour aI, 5'5 Gravesend (London): a 'Flying Bomb' Auschwitz from, 474; Germans driven Gues (France): Jews deported to, 133, hits, 6'3 back to, 544 310 Graz (Austria): Hitler in, 178; bombed, Grocnwald, Lieutenant J. J. c.: Gunzbourg, Baron Philippe d. 500-1 parachutes to safety, 570 ('Edgar'): organizes sabotage, 484, 543 Grazier, Able Seaman Colin: his Grojanowski, Jakub: a witness to mass Gustav of Sw~en, King: and a couragc, 374, }86 murder, escapes, 2.91, 330-1 negotiated pace, I 15; protests, 550 Great Britain: see irtdex e"try (or Gram (a Polish destroyer): hit, 58 Gyar (Hungary): mines laid in Danube Britain GroiS, Nikolaus: executed in Berlin, near, 599, Red Army reaches, 654 'Great Jet Massacre' (ncar Berlin): 661 63' Gypsies: shot, 268; a 'double danger', Greater Danzig - West Prussia: 2.2., 7.7, Gross·Rosen (SHesial: concentration 2.82.; murdered, 292.. 197, 198, 306, 39 camp at, 156; evacuations to, 632. 339, 3H, 565; their fate discussed, Grecce: invaded by Italy, 135; Brilish Groves, Brigadier-General Leslie R.: 361-1; to be sent to Auschwitz, 386, help for, 136"""7, ]59-16]; repulses the and the atomic bomb, 363; and 43',474,496; at PI,szow, 48j; used Italian forces, I",; German designs German atomic research, 649-50 for medical experiments, 561; on, 146, 148. 157. 160; and Rooseve!t. Grozny (Caucasus): a German returned to Auschwitz, 598; at Belsen, 157-8, 161; invaded by Germany, 170- objective, 345, 354, 357, 36 3, 375 664; persecutors of, brought to trial, 1; Italians re--cnter, 171-3; Britlsh Gruber, Pastor Heinrich: news of Gurs 731; not to receive compensation, 734; troops evacuated from, 175; camp reaches, 133 their earlier killmg, cited as a surrenders, 175~; Allied forces Grudziadz (Poland): a Polish woman precedent for mass murder, 735 cvacuated from, 176; losscs in the sentenced to death in, I S8 Gzhatsk (Russia): Red Army emers, 409 battlc for, 178; reprisal actions in, 143; Gryn, Hugo: and the 'un6nished an anti-partisan sweep in, 311-1; and business' of the war, 737 HG 76 (a convoy from Gibraltar): a deception plan, '''7; German Grynspan, Yekhiel: prorccrs fellow artacked, ,St bombers move westward from, 374; Jews, 388 HX 239 (an Atlantic convoy): an attack fate of the Jews of, 406, 4'2., 436, ..65, Guadalcanallsland (Solomon Islands): on, 431 po, 549; and an Allied deception, 4' 3, landing on, 350; fighting on, 361, 363; Haakon, King (of Norway): goes inlo .... 5; Germany to 'stay' in, .... 1; reinforcements on way to, attacked, exile, 85, 87 severity against civilians in. 450-[; 368; a renewed Japanese assault on, Haapsalu( Estonia): to be occupied, 16 massacre of Italians in, 460; activities repulsed, 372.; further fighting on, 374, Habbaniya (Iraq): Britons trapped in, of a British officer in, 461-2.; resistance 377,383-4,385,387; 10 be evacuated, 178; a force reaches, from in, 465. 490;' and war crimes, to be 391; srill foughr for, 393, 396; Transiordan, 181 punished, 469; and an Allied reinforcements to, attacked, 399; Hacha, Emil: dies in prison, 701 deception plan, 494; partisans active organized resistance on, ends, ",OOj a Hague, The (Holland); arracked, 61; in, 5'7, B9, ~75, 584, 601; Brilish Japanese attack towards, 419 Queen Wilhelmina leaves, 64; a landings on, S98; irs future, discussed Guam (Pacific): a warning concerning, precision bombmg raid on, 515; Vl. in Moscow, 600; Churchill's flight to, 1.61; bombed, 172.; Americans forced rockets launched from, 608; rocket 61.3; 'tonering', 686; American post­ to surrender on, 2.78; Americans site at, bombed, 645; last rockets war help for, 730; war crimes trials in, return to, S41, 559; a photograph sent launched from 653; food supplies for, 732.; rcceives German reparations, to, 641.-3; a Japanese army sergeant 679; rejoicing in, 690; an C'xecution in, 739; wartime death toll in, 746 emerges on (1972.), 740--1 7'9 Greenhaven (): an officer Gubkin, Captain Georgi: reaches East Haichow (Hainan Island): a prisoner­ imprisoned at, 51.6 Prussia, 571 of-war camp on, 72.1 806 INDEX

Haifa (Palestine): Rommel's threat to, Hanoi (French Indo-China): an air raid Hayes (a commando): his fateful saga, B7 from, 180 360 Haile Selassie, Emperor of Abyssinia: Hanover (Germany): Hitler sends code Hayes, Christopher: at Anzio, 496 returns to his capital, ISo word from, 59; a British bomber Hearst Press, the: Hitler's interview Hainan Island (China): a prisoner-of­ crashes near, 6,; bombed, 2.10, 649; a with,93 war camp on, 72.1 viaduct to, bombed, 649 Heaven: the wrath of, 9 Haj;'rat m' Guil (Sahara): war crimes Hansteen, Viao: executed, 132. Heavy.water: plant manufacturing, ro at, sos HaTaden (US destroyer): hit by a be attacked, 319, 379,404; plant Halban, Hans von: leaves France, 94 suicide pilot, 617 bombed, 475; German supplies of, Halberstadt (Germany): bombed, 489 Harbutg (near Hambutg): British sunk, SOO; German manufacturing Halder, General Franz: 6, 7-8, SI, 68, forces reach, 669 sire of, overrun, "3 73, Ill, 11., 117, 137; and the Russian Hardelot (France): a raid on, 318 Hecht, Gerhard: on Poles and Jews, '9 soldier, 1"'5; and Russian tanks, ISS; Hards, Fred: in France, 95; killed, 183 Heck, Alfons: and Roosevelt'. death, and the need for a 'surprise attack" Hardy, Private Benjamin: killed, 565 66, 189; and the coming of war with Harfleur (Normandy): an Allied Hecto, (British armed merchant Russia, 198; and the course of the deception at, H' cruiser): sunk, 314 battle in Russia, 2.0~ 107, 108, 109, Haringzelles (France): a gun battery at, Hesyeshalom (Hungary): Soviet forces 110,1.,6, z.6o, 165, 167, 2.81, 304, H8; 199 reach,657 dismissed, 363 Harnack, Ernst von: executed,645 'Heil Hitler!': Poles forbidden to lreet Halifax, Lord: and a peace mission, [9; Harnier, Adolf von: dies, after each other with, '4 and Norway, 37; and Finland, 46; and liberation, 693 Heilbronn (Germany): bombed, 6.6 Narvik, 49; and the full of France, 94; Haroekoe Island (Dutch East Indies): a HeilmaDR, Ernest: dies, 5I-Z. and Hitler's 'peace offer' (july 1940), prisoner-of-war on, recalls conditions Heinisch, Dr.: and the deponation of HI there, 745 Jews from Przemysl, 337-8 Halen ... Station (Berlin): bombed, 481 Harrer, Captain: kills a wounded Heissenmeyer, Dr. Kun: Medical Halfaya Pass (Esypt): Rommel soldier, 7" experiments by, 611 withdraws from, 182..; Rommel Harriman, Averell: in Moscow, 2.1}, Heka, Private T.: in action .. z.2. recaptures, [87 '39; at Casablanca, 39'; and the Hel Peninsula (Poland): battle at, 13, 18 Halifax (Nova Scotia): American Russian view of the Warsaw uprising, Helfgott, Ben: 'the sky was red', 4; 'in destroyers handed over to Britain at, 570,59"; and StaJin's heaven I, '41 U1.j convoys saiJ from, 132.., q8, Z )6, untrustworthiness, ISJ8 Heligoland (Germany): naval activity '5' Harris, Air Marshal Sir Anhur: and near, 5Z.; bombed, "7 (Germany): Allied armies reach, British bombing policy, 14', 314, 3'9, Helldorf, Count Wolf Heinrich von: 661 616,638-<) and Gennan atrocities, 51. hanged, in HaUervorden, Professor: and Harrison, Kenneth: a prisoner-of-war Berlin, 568 euthanasia, 508 in Japan, liberated, 718-<) Hellendorn (Holland): rocket bombs Hallesby, Professor: imprisoned, 406 Harstad (Norway): landing at, 55, 56; launched from 649 Hals, Frans: a painting of, stolen, 162. bombed, 6" 65 Helsinki (Finland): bombed, 31,41; Halsey, Vice-Admiral William 'Bull': Han, John: and Hirohito's funeral, 745 volunteers reach, 3 .. ; Soviet trOOpS and Pearl Harbour, 737 Hartensretn, Captain: and the sinking approach, 47; fate of eight Jews from, Haltern (Ruhr): a planned German of the Laconia, 360 407 counter-attack at, ISS2. Hanle, General Russell P.: reaches Hendaye (hanee): Hitler at 1B-4 Hamama.. u (japan): shelled, 709 Britain with his troops, 2.91 Henlein, Konrad: commits suicide, 693 Hamar (Norway): evacuation to, 54 Hanmannsdorf (Germany): prisoners'· Hennecke, Admiral: at CherboulJ!, 546 Hamborn (Germany): bombed in error, of-war at, 62.z. Henrici, General Gotthard: dismissed, JOB Harumitzu, Oka: recalls executions, 676 Hamburg (Germany): and the 'Double 711; recaUs the destruction of Henrior, Philippe: shot dead, 548 Cross~ system, 16; Jews seized in, 2.3; evidence of an execution, 72.0 Heraklion (Crete): attacked, r84; a le.f1ets dropped on, 46; an s s officer 'Harvest Festival': killings, at kidnapping near, S19; anti-panisan hanged in, 77; bombed, 100, 1,,1-3, Majdanek, 475 operations south of, S}4 1-43,2.10, 398, 408,~, "-47, .... 8, 6I1; Harwich (England): a ficticious Herby (Poland): executions at, 480 Hitler's rebuilding plans for, 104; German agent at, S37 H6ewa,d (British destroyer): Queen Jews deponed from, '45, '54; a Harwood, H,M.: irate, 48 Wilhelmina embarks on, 64 German student executed in, '}73; a Harz Mountains (Germany): a German Hering, General: and the fall of Paris, fire storm in, .... 7-8; repercussions of army in, 'lSI; and the battle for Berlin, 9' bombing in (),450; a 666,667,676 Herman, Chaim: 'our enemy is broken', broadcast from, -u8; Jews sent to, to Hase, General von: and the July bomb 61 4 demolish damaged buildings, 551; a plot, SS8 Hermann Goering Division: in new submarine being fabricated in, Hashimoto, Lieutenant-Commander Wanaw, 56 .. 62.5; an autobahn to, cut, 650; Mochitsura: sinks the /ndiIJ""polis, Hermes (British arkraft carrier): sunk, Himmler in, 657i negotiations for 709-10; cheated of an ovation, 718 315 unconditional surrender in, ISS,}; Hasty (British destroyer): crippled, 3B He'11Iio"e (British cruiser): sunk, 333 Ribbentrop arfCsted in, 700; a war Hassell, Ulrich von: and possible peace Hermitaso, the (leningrad): an crimes trial in, 7H; a former S5 officer talks, SO, S I; and rumours of war treasures evacuated from, z.06, 114 living ncar, 743 (june 1941, 19'; hanged (September Hero City: award of, }2.3 Hameln (Germany):- executions at, for 1944),589 : awarded, war crimes, 731 Hauge, Eiliv: and the German invasion 'os, '59, 3'3, H9, 399,407,441,468, (Germany): viaduct to, of Norway, 54 510, s.s6,6n bombed,6411 Hausesund (Norway): a resistance 'Heroine Mother': award of, H6 Hammamet (Tunisia): ships on way to, group near, 151; a commando mission Herriot, Edouard: liberared, 674 SUnk,42.6 to, "19 Herrlingen (Germany): Rommel Hanford (Washington State): an atomic Haushofer, Albrecht: executed, 6" receives two emissaries at, '02- bomb activated at, 591; funher Hawaii: a telegram'to, causes no alarm, Herszberg, Rywka: murdered, 669 atomic bomb research at, 6, 3 ,68; and an American deception plan, Herzen, Alexander: his words recalled, Hango (Finland): attack on, repulsed, 516 117 J4; leased to Russia, .. ,; Russians Hayat. (janapeae destroyer): sunk, Herzig, Major: wins the Knight's Cross, forced to evacuate, 2.68 '78 679 INDEX

Hess, Rudolf: Aies '0 Bri,ain {May seeks to impress Western Allies, 669; Holland and Luxemburg, 61, '1, '5, 1941),181 offers to surrender, 670; his hopes of 68, '9, 71., 7S, 80, 82.. 83, 88-9; awards Hcwel, Walther: on Hider's moods, dividing Wes, and East broken, 673; given personally by, 6~, 66, IH, ~38, 17~, 178, 186; in Russia with Hitler, and a grave food shortage, 674; Hitler H8, 58~; and Himmler, 7~, 147, }IS; 2.09,2.1.1; and the 'secret' of what was orders arrest of, 676; expelled from and Italy, 90, 491; his interview with happening '0 the Jews, ~67; and the Nazi party, 677; commits suicide, the Hearst Press (1940), 91; and a Hitler's reaction to Pearl Harbour, 695-6; his personal physician, hanged, possible invasion of Britain, 99, 107, ~73-4 73 1 110,113,11.2., n.3, 11S; and [he fan of Heyde, Professor Werner: and Hindenburg, Field Marshal: 'gree'ings' France, 101, 103; and the art treasures euthanasia, II; and gassing to, 10i his remains taken to Berlin, 6}z of Paris, 105; his building plans, 104, experiments, 2.58; and the sick, to be Hintok Camp (Burma-Thailand 109, 174,1.60,1.91, }2.5, 639; and the gassed, ~76-'7 railway): 'he firs, dea,h in, 435 air war against Britain, 144-5; Hcydrich, Reinhard: 6, 11., 14, ",0, 109; Hipper (German heavy cruiser): in the postpones the invasion of Britain, nS, and the 'Final Solution', 188, 2.19. 1.46, Arctic, 340, }89 138-'9; Churchill's broadcast abou" 2.57,2.66,1.79,2.92.; ambushed, 32.7. Hirohi,o, Emperor of Japan: his palace, 133; meets Laval, IB; meets Franco, 3'9; dea,h of, 331-1, 334, 365; a a possible atomic bomb target, 694; 133-4i meers Petain, 134; meets Ciano, monument to the assassins of, and 'he Japanese resolve '0 figh' "0 143; meets Horthy, 176, .fl.l, 509; unveiled,74° 'he bitter end', 697; his palace, and meets Antonescu, t 88; meets the Mufti Hi,; (Japanese battleship): sunk, 371 the suicide of two generals on of ]ecusaJem, 165; meets Pavelie, 392.; 'Hilaire' (George S,arr): sabotage by, Okinawa, 700; urges a negotiated end and Greece, 146, 149. 156, 165, 166; 484,543 to the war, 701, 7°S; 'Greetings to', and Yugoslavia, 157, 16S, 166; and Hildebrand" Dr.: and mass 711.; willing to accept unconditional The Eternal Jew, 151; and the 'crucial 'climination', 39 surrender, 716; broadcasts the year' (1941), 155; and Rommel, 156, Hilferding, Rudolf: dies, 151-1 Potsdam Declaration, 717; no longer 3H, 374, 383; a' Cambrai, 80; in Hillwvec, Kurt: and 'he dea,h of her divine, 71.3, 72.9; a Japanese army Brussels, 81; at Charleville, 83; at thIee children, ~9S sergeant still "living for' (1972.),741; Bruly-de-Pesche, 86, 97, 101, 104; at Hill, Squadron·Leader Tony: rescued, visits Europe, 7'41-1.; his death and Rethondes, 101; visits Paris, 102.; visits 370 funeral, 744-5, 745 the Western Fron, (of 1914-18), 104; Hiller, Captain George: his sabotage Hiroshima (japan): to be an atomic in tille, 104; returns to Berlin (July mission, 490 bomb target, 675-6, 694, 710; an 1940),108; at Montoirc, l33; at Hiller, Charles D.: crosses into atomic bomb dropped on, 711-4; and Hendaye, 1}3-4; at Florence, 135; at Germany, S90 a possible second bomb (on a second Boulogne, 147; in , 160; at Hillesum, Elty: deported, 459 city), 715; recently liberated prisoners­ Monichkirchen, 171, [74, 176, 178; at Himmlcr, Heinrich: 4, 18,1.2.,2.4,2.8, of-war, visit, 719; continuing deaths Maribor and Graz, 178; at Borisov, 3~, 39, 43; and 'he future of Poland, a" 715, 746 2.1.0; at Berdichev. 111; at Brcst· 79. 105; and the death of a Pole, U7; Hirsch, Alice: shot, }1.5 Litovsk, 1.1.7; at ,117; at Poltava, and an anti-Jewish film, u8; and Hirsch, Hella: shot, 3~S 339; at Vinnitsa, 343, 352, 358, 367, euthanasia. I~p; and the German Hirszman, Chaim: his evidence, and his 391., 405, 409, 410, 411; at Zaporozhe, invasion of Russia, I68~; and dea,h,6SI 405,406,410,459; returns to medical experiments, 184; and the Hirt, Professor Auguste: his medical Rastenburg via Smolensk, 412.; at 'Final Solution" 188. 2.~7. 117, H7. experiments, 199; disappears, 614 Treviso, 445; at Insterburg, 479; at 38~, 3~4-S, 414, 439; and ,he killings Hiryu (Japanese aircraft carrier): sunk, Soissons, S42i at Berchtesgadcn, 381, in East, 107, 113,117-8, 118, 1.10, 333; 330 514,549,553,554; a' Klessheim, and the Jews of Berlin. 1.24, 266; and Hi'achi (Japan): bombed, 704 Castle, 411.509.517; at Bad Nauheim an end to Jewish emigration. 246; and Hitler, Adolf: and ,he coming of war, ('Eagle'S Nes,'), 617; a' Rastenburg homosexuals. 1.56; and forced labour, 1,1.,4; and 'Blitzkrieg', 1.; and 'police (see index entry for Rastenburg); and 1.70; and a new category of victim, [0 and security' measures behind the the Commissar Dccree, 160, 167, J83, be gassed, 1.76-"7; Hitler's musings [0, lines in Poland, 1-3; and the Jews, 6, 188, [91; postpones invasion of ~80, ~93, HI, 343; and medical 2.8,36-7,100,145,15 1,160,177,2.07, Russia, 166; spends night in air raid experiments, '99, 340, 386,436,438; 109,1.1.4,2.32.,2.45. "57, 1.67. 1.84, 2.93, shelter, 171; plans invasion of Crete, and 'Germanic blood" 315; and 2.95,196,301,310,311,318,340-1, 176; learns of Sovie, defence Giraud, 317; and the fate of Poles, 312.; 366,368,375-6,377, 386, 38~, 398, preparations, In; and [he Thousand and 'he dea,h of Heydrich, 331-1; 407,413,4'0-1,438-'9,439,508,5'7- Year Reich, 179; 'has his problems', addresses the S5, }32.-3; visits 8,595,677; visits Poland, 6, 9; and 180; and Hess, 181; his priorities (in Auschwitz, 3~3, HI; and the fate of 'racial extermination'. 8; in Danzig. May 1941), 185; and ,he loss of ,he 'asoeials', 361; at Vinnitsa with Hitler, II; and the Polish borderlands, 16; Bismarck., 186; and the 'main enemy' 368; and 'he late of ,he Gypsies, 386, signs a secret amnesty for ss men. 18- (june 1941), 191; and the invasion of 474; and 'Aryan-Nordic' stud farms, 19; in Warsaw, I9i protests to, 19, 2.9, Russia, 194, 196, 198, 2.08~, 209, l.IO, 35)0-[ i and the usc of the clothes of 36; a peace emissary visits, 19-20; 112,214,2.19, 1.3}, 1.41, 1.42., .IS}, 255i Auschwitz victims, ~OO; receives plans a Western offensive, 10, 2.5, 1.9, an important conversation of, statistics of mass murder, ~14j and the 30, 34, 38, 59 and euthanasia, 1.0, 147; intercepted, 11.6; and Dr Todt, 145, property of murdered Jews, 414; and and the magnetic mine, Hi visits the 166,183,199,3°1; his 'evils' the destruction of the evidence of Western Front, H-'; plans an E.astern denounced, "55i and North Africa, mass murder. ~38; and a German offensive. 13, 83, III, 113, 114, II7, 162., 366i and the Arabs, 165; and the 'page 01 glory', 465-6; has 'no 11.0,113, 114, 135. 137, 141, 142., 1.... - banle for Moscow, 163,166, 2.68. 170; misgivings', 494; personal bunker of, 5, 146-7, 160, 164. 167, 176, 178, 188, and forced labout. 270,183, 310; and bombed, lIO; and Allied escapees, 189, 191, 197; in Munich, 16,35,99, Pearl Harbour, 173-4; and scorched 5IIi a critic of. executed, 511i to be 139, 154,375-6,414,473; and ,he earth, in Russia, 2.75; declares war on killed, SjI; and 'he failuIe of 'he magnetic mine, 19; and the 'Night and ,he United S,ales, 177-8; refuses a Bomb Plo', 559, 597, 601; and the Fog' decree, 31.i and Mussolini, 37-8, withdrawal from Leningrad, 179, 188; Warsaw Uprising, 563, 597; orders 50 ,90,99,130,134, I35, 149. 153,1.2.7, his 'halt' orders 279, 2.81, 187. 381; skeleton collection destroyed, 608, 318,410,419,445, 558; and a prolest and 'Fortress Europe', ~83; and ,he 614i given command on Upper Rhine, agalnst the s s, 40; and the Soviet war on the E.astern Front (1941-4), 614i given command of Vistula Army Union, 44; and Scandinavia. 45, 46- 308,311,316, }40, 346; "in a black Group, 634, 640; seeks negotiations 7j a peace mission to, 48; and Norway. ragc', 317; angcred. 319i forecasts with the Western Allies, 643; expresses 51, 54.55,56,58; and Denmark, 54; 'great victories', 310; 'we shall win in confidence in a 'breathing space', 657; and the invasion of France, Belgium, the end', 318; and the war at sea, 340; 808 INDEX cheated of oil (in the Caucasus), HO, faalure of his 'sccret weapons', 62.4-5; 43',459,474, 504, 546, 584; the fate J6J; and the '', 151, 158; the 6nal 'secret weapon' of, 615, 650; of a British agent in, and the and Dieppe, H4; and Stalingrad, J6J, transfers roops from West to East, consequences, 331; a merchant ship J65, J70, J8I, J87, J91, J97, 398, 400, 6.6,6'7,618; orders troops from Ea.t from, attacked, 3.3; volunteen from, 4<0; and Sark, J67; and a debate over Prussia to central Poland, 619; orders on the Eastern Front, 348; attempted the destruction of the bodies of evacuation of Memcl, 631; and the sabotage, and reprisals, in, 353; murdered jews, 368; and the battle for loss of East Prussia, 633; gives German bombers move southward Tunisia, }7lt, In, 381,410; and the Himmler command of Vistula Army from, 374; soldiers of, in japanese occupation of , 377; Group, 634; tumoured last redoubt captivity, 417; forced labour from, accepts a withdrawal in the Caucasus, of, 64J; advised to pull back from .pI, 417; air supplies to resistance in, 389; his 'extinction-, agreed upon at Pomerania, 643; 'You may see my 486; jews smuggled from, 511; Casablanca, 397; the third Russian hand tremble ...', 6 ....; convinced Gestapo records in, destroyed, 515-6; offensive, of 406, 40,; and British Budapest can be recaptured, 6,,6; and the Normandy deception plan, bombing raids, 410; disaffection with, dasmisses von Rundstcdt, 648; visits 541; to be held, S85; Allied parachute 4'0, 411; the fint military bomb plot the Oder, 6.8; dismisses Guderian, landings in, 59J; attacks on dykes in, apinst (March "943),4"; and the 651; descends to his bunker, 657; 598; V 1 rockets launched from, 608; second assassination attempt (of warned, about shortage of medicines, 'very hard fighting' in, 610; German March 1943), 414; bomb plot apinst 657; and General Lasch, 660-1; and troops in, being moved to the Silesian (July 1944), 551, 553; and the Kursk General Wenck, 661; and the defence Front, 640; a mass reprisal in, 646; Salient, 41}, 410, .... 1, 444; and the of Berlin, 66 3, 667; Eva Braun joins, anti-fascists from, in Belsen, 6~4; rocket bomb, 4[6, 455, 463-4, 473-4, 666; warned of munition shortages, food supplies for, 678-,; Germans -tn, 653; his continuing confidence in 666; his fifty-sixth birthday, in the sign surrender in, 687; Jews from, victory (May 194J), 4.6; and the bunker, 668; and the battle for Berlin, revisit Germany, 743; war criminals danger and consequences of the 668-,,669, 66lr7o, 670--1, 671, 671, released from, 7 .... ; the Far Eastern defeat of Italy, 4"7, 446, 448, 458, 459, 67i, 677; his testimony, 677; refuses death toll of, 745; wartime death toll ,,67,461; and an anti-Bolshevik to allow the surrender of Berlin, 679; in, 746 legion, _00; and Sicily, 441; and commits suicide, 681; condolences on Hollandia (New Guinea): landings on, Greece, +41; and Crete', ~ I; and his death, sent from Dublin, 683; his 519 Turkey, 517; and a Churchill­ picture, burnt, 695; and Hollard, Michel: and the 'Flying Roosevelt telephone conversation, 'unconditional surrender', 71 I; one of Bomb', 463-4, 474; artested, 497-8 +t8, S11; Generals protest to, about the earliest supporters of, commits Holocaust: survivors of, meet in Eastern Front neglect, 458; the 'final suicide, 714; his personal physician, Jerusalem (1981),74'; see also ind.% blow' will be struck by, 458; and the hanged, 73 I; reparations debts unpaid entries fOT 'Final Solution' and Jews Red Army's advances, 458, 459, 473; by, finally resolved (19S1), 716; and Holohan, Major William V.: behind the orders evacuation of Corsica, 461j 'Providence',74J lines in Italy, 597 accepts withdrawals from large areas , the: and an anti-Jewish 'Holy Trinity': killed, 183 of Russia, 461; cancels order to film, 12.8; and a 'Year of Service' in Homberg (Ruhr): bombed, 577 evacuate the Crimea, 411; and the the East, 186; a member of, executed, Hong Kong: J08, 140; Canadian troops coming cross-Channel landing, 471; 371; to man anri-aircraft batteries, on way to, 161; japan attacks, 171, and bombing raids on Berlin 397; and the clothing of Germany's 1.73; Japanese land at, 180, 181; (November '94J), 476--7, 478; a victims, ,,<::Xl; 'sacrHiced', 58S; and the surrenders, 182.-3; the fate of further attempt on the life of, fails Ardennes offensive, 617; an prisoners-of-war from 366; a post-war (November 1943), 479; yields space in exhortation to (March 1945),654; a execution in, 396; a prisoner-of-war East, to prepare in West, 4", 491, leader of, and Roosevelt's death, 661; executed in, 468-9; a British naval 514; and the jet aircraft, 486, 488; members of, and the murder of Jews squadron enters, 72.1 again tejects a tactical withdrawal at Gardelegen, 663; Hitler inspects Honshu Island (japan): attacked, 64"; (january 1944), 489; 'terror' and soldiers of, 668-,; and the defence of invasion plans for, 659-660; and the ~grcatcr terror', 495; and Hanna Berlin, 670, 671; at Lubeck, open fire atomic bomb, 697; continued ReitKh, so.,; and Frau von Exner, 504; on refugees, 68 J-4 preparations for the invasion of, 703; the Russian colonaal emoire of. lost. Hitler Youth Division: in Belgium, 58S bombed, 704; shelled, 709; massive air 507; and Allied escapee airmen, SII; 'Hitler's little canary' (Denmark): raids on, 715, 717; the day of the and the Red Army the 'undoing' of, resistance in, 4S6 planned invasion of, 718 511; and the evacuation of Sevastopol, Hiyo (japanese aircraft carrier): 543 Hood (British battle-cruiser): sunk, 185 5U; and the coming cross-Channel Ho Chi-minh: seizes power, 710 Hook of Holland (Holland): rocket landing, 530, 53'; and D-Day, 534; Hoepner, General Erich: hanged, 556 bombs launched from, 589 and the Normandy deception, 536--7; Hoess, Rudolf: at Auschwitz, 57, 343, Hobel, Anton: hanged, 669 and the 'Oystcr' mine, 538; and the .. 6.9-70; executed, 731 'Home Alive in Forty-Five': an battle in Northern Europe (1944-5), Hofacker, Colonel Caesar von: his American soldiers' slogan, 655 545,546,549,553,556,557,565-6, opposition to Hitler, SlI, 553, 556; Home Army (A.It.): revolts, in Warsaw, 567,568, 570, 585, 587, 59'-3; and executed, 610 561, 564; leaders of being arrested, the Bomb Plot (july 1944), u:r-8, 559, Hola (Poland): Sovier prisoners-of-war 58r; arrests of members of, by the 566; and the photographs of murdered at, 2.81 Russians, 646 Majdanck, SS9; orders evacuatlon of 'Hold on!': Hitler's broadcast order, Homma, General Masaharu: executed, southern France, S71; von Kluge's 381 718 suicide letter to, 571; and the defection Holland (a parachutist): killed, 573 Homosexuals: to be executed, 2. 56, of Roumania, 574; and the Wanaw Holland: a double-agent in, 15; a 361-1; medical experiments on, s,s uprising, 581; authorizes withdrawal kidnap in, 1.6; and Hitler's war plans, Hopkins, Harry: Rooscvelt's emissary, from Estonia, S94; 'donates a town to 19, 38, 59; invasion of, 61, 62.; battle 150,151, ISS, 167i in Moscow, 118, the jews', 595; and 'tired, broken in, 64, 65, 66; motor vessels from, at 2.19; at Placentia Bay, 110 man', S97; and the jet aircraft,s"; Dunkirk, 83; its future, 85; under 'Hornet': a German air corps key, and Rommel's death, 603.; remains at German occupation, 103; soldiers of, broken, 1.87 Rastenburg (October 1944), 606; in Britain, II); works of art taken Hornet (U.S. aircraft carrier): and the leaves Rastenburg (never to return), from, 130; a protest in, 144; anti­ first American bombing of japan, 317; 613; gives Himmlcr command on Jewish measures in, 151; executions sunk off Santa Cruz Islands, 372. Upper Rhine, 614; and the Ardenne. in, 160, 161, 'lOS; jew. deported from, Homum (Germany): bombed, 4~ offensive, 615, 617, 61.1; and the 105,3 7, 14J, 144, 348, 350--1, 35 1, Horodenka (Eastern Galicia): jews defence of Hungary, 617; and the 36',36' 5,370, J86, J91, 395,398,411, deported to their deaths from, 3 t 5 INDEX

Horowitz (a dancer): her act of Hutou (Manchuria): baule at, 717; Infantes, Esteban: on the Eastern Front, defiance, 46'1 mass suicide at, 7'l.O 465 Hornemunn, Eduard: murdered, 669 Hyde Park (New York State): Churchill Inland Sea (japan): mines dropped in, Homemunn, Alexander: murdered,669 and Roosevelt at, 45',594 711.; a naval commander, cheated of Hotel Crillon (Paris): Germans at, '14 Hydro (Norwegian ferry boat): sunk, his ovation in, 718 Horthy, Admiral Miklos: aligns SOO Innsbruck (Austria): surrenders to the Hungary with Germany, 169; visits Americans, 684 Hitler, '76, '3', 4.1; demands halt to lnogue";, Captain T G!hihei: goes down dcponation of Hungarian Jews, 550, 1"3 (japanese submarine): sunk, 303 wirh his ship, 606 S6o; abducred, 603 'I. Bagerov': escapes from captivity, 480 Ionian Sea: naval action in, 140 Hossbach, General Friedrich: Iceland: occupied, 63; defence of, to be Inonu, ]smet: a message of suppan to, dismissed, 6 H taken over by the United States, 190, '57 Horz, Lieutenant-Colonel: 1.08; and the Russian convoy route, Insterburg (East Prussia): Hitler sees a assassinated, 147 '39,3 4,3'5 rocket bomb at, 47'1 Houghton, Captain ].8.: his mission, Ie Shima' (Ryukyu Islands): American International Banlc.for Reconstruction and fate, 36'-3 landing on, 666; Ernie Pyle killed on, and Development: established, 7'7 House of Commons (London): and the 668 International Military Tribunal: surrender of Belgium, 77-8; and the Igren (south Russia): inmates of mental established, 71S; the four indictments Battle of Britain, JI9'"""10j bombed, hospital at, murdered, 198 of, 71.4; to be set up in Tokyo, 718; its 18]; and British military aid to Russia, Iheya Islands (Okinawa): seized, 6'}7 sentences (at Nuremberg), 731; '3'1; Churchill speaks abour 'air IhJer, General: surrenders, 91. verdicts of (in Tokyo), 733 power' in, 500; and the 'Flying bomb' limuiden (Holland): British troops land I"tr~id (U.S. aircraft carrier): losses death toll, 55', 564; and the German at, 67 on, 614, 666; becomes a museum, 741 surrender in Italy and southern lissel River (Holland): Germans cross, 6, lositStali" (Soviet steamer): sunk, 361 Ausrria, 683 Ilia (White Russia): Jews murdered in, (England): and a possible Housto" (U.S. heavy cruiser); sunk, 303 30 S German invasion, 113 Hualin (Manchuria): battle at, 717 lIIustriou5 (British aircraft carrier): Iran (Persia): pressure on, 189; Anglo­ HuM-ncr, Helmuth Gunther: executed, reaches Egypt, 111; in action, 140j Soviet occupation of, 116; Anglo· 37' badly damaged, '49, ISO Soviet Treaty with, 2.96; an American Huber, Kurt: executed, 405 limen Lake (Russia): partisans in action aircrew reach, 3'4; threat to oil 6elds Hudson, Colonel D.T.: lands in near, 1.6"'-5j a rumour concerning, in, 348; American aid to Russia Yugoslavia, 136 3'4 through, 367; Soviet pressure on, 71.8 Hudson River (New York): a museum 1I0manlSi (Finland): defended, 34 Iraq: a blow to Britain in, 168; British at, 74.1 Imita Ridge (New Guinea): Australians troops land in, 174-,5; surrender of Huelva (Spain): and an Allied driven back to, 36. Rashid Ali in, 187; planned German deception, 42. 3 Imabari (Japan): bombed, 7" expedition to, 189 Hull, Cordell: and the fall of France, Imperial Guards Division (japan): Iron Bouom Bay (Solomon Islands): 94; and Japanese intentions, 2.63; and commander of, assassinated, 717 battle in, 419 no separate peace, 468; 'horrified' by Imphal (India): a retreat to, 3'S; an Iron Cross: awarded, 62., 116,105, 331, Morgenthau Plan, 592. advance from. 404; besieged, SUj an 348,428,5°4,541,560,614,670; not Hull (U.S. destroyer): losses on, 6.8 air lift to, ,5 17; continuing fighting on, suitable for executioners, 1.56; a Hulme, Sergeant Clive: in action, 18", 54'; Japanese driven from, 613 winner of, execured, 331, 549; Huls (Ruhr): bombed, 43'1 Impulsive (British destroyer): its efforts winners of, paraded in Moscow, SS6 Humberside (England): bombed, 18t at rescue, 503 'Iron Curtain': and the 'permanent Humbie (Scotland): a German bomber Inber, Vera: in Leningrad, 12.7. 166 prevention of war', 729 shot down at, Z5 Indaw (Burma): and a sabotage Iron Gates (Danube): Germans pull Hungary: and the German invaSion of mission, 40-4 back to a defensive line at, 575 Yugoslavia, 166; and the German India: troops needed from, 68; Hitler's , the: attack jews (in invasion of Greece, 169; rreatment of admiration for Sritish rule in. 83; and Roumania), lSI Jews and by, 174; declares war the possibility of Hitler at the 'gates' Irrawaddy River (Burma): glider on Russia, 1.01.; jews from, killed at of, 1l.0; troops from, in action in landings across, 506 Kamenets-Podolsk, 1.1.7; Britain Malaya, 1.84, 196, 300j and the I-shan (China): liberated, 6'J'J declares war on, 1.70; and a German Emprt!ss of Asia, 299; and Japan, 316; Isigny (Normandy): and an Allied demand for the 'evacuation' of Jews, General Stilwell withdraws to, 3'1; deception, 531. 363-"'; troops from, at Stalingrad, ",OOj aid to Egypt diverted from, 336-'7; Isle of May (Scotland): two merchant forced labourers from, killed in an IroopS from, in North Africa, 338, ships sunk off, 689 Allied air raid, .. 53j German 358; a setback to communications Ismay, General Sir Hastings: and oc

119; invades Greece, 135, I.Ui and a sweep against Soviet partisans, Jaworzno (East Upper Silesia): a labour approaches the , 'H; a 30 5 camp at, 438 setback to, in Egypt, 1.45; setbacks to, Jaeger, '.5_ Colonel Karl: and ,h. Jew. Jay, John: hi. descendant hanged, 581 in East Africa, 'B, 165; fails to r...!ress of Lithuania, 167, 198 J.an Bart (French banleship): sailed to military balance in Albania, 161; a Jaice (Yugoslavia): Tito's partisans safety, 100; put out of aaion, 109 succes.ful exploit by, 165; a naval move to, 4SJi Tiro's partisans driven 'Jeff': a doubl. agent ('O_It.'), 155, 453 victory over, 166; lands on Crete, 186; from, 489 Jervis Bay (armed merchant cruiser): assets of, in the United States, frozen Jakob.. Josef: .xecuted, ISS arracked, 138 190; declares war on Russia, 199i and jame5, Lieutenant D.P.: his escape from Jenninger, Philipp: his questions, an attack on Malta, 116; top secret captivity, 480 recalling the past, 743 cypher of, broken, 118, 154, H7; and James, Lieut.nant: killed, 146 J.rsey (Chann.115Iand.): GeImans a raid on Alexandria, 180; and Jankow.ki, Stani.law: recalls two acts occupy, 105 reprisals in Yugoslavia, 313; and a of d.fiance, 470 Jerusalem (Israel): a survivor gives .uccessful naval action off Egypt, H3; Janowska Camp (Lvov): evid.nce of evidence in, 6 .30~ survivors gather in, soIdien from, on the Eastern Front, mass murder to be destroy.d at, 438 741 HS, 381, 385; and the Jews of Tuni.ia, Jallus (British destroYeI): sunle, 491 JeIusalem Avenue (Warsaw): an }86; prospect of defeat or defection Japan: Soviet espionage in, 4S; and execution on, 49S of, 417, 430; troop. from, fight French Indo-China, loB; joins the Jeschonn.k, Gen.ral Hans: commits YUloslav partisans, 431; driven from Axis, 11.9; and the British naval victory suicid·,4B the i.land. between Tuni.ia and Sicily, over Italy, 140; and Soviet fears, 1-49; J ....lton (North Borneo): a revolt in, 437; Allied bombing of, 44'; and the its ev.ntual d.f.at .nvisaged (March 469; Japanese garrison at, surrenden, fall of Mussolini, 445~, 448, 451, 456; 194'), 167; signs neutrality pact with 71 5 Alli.d invuion of, 457; further Allied Soviet Union, 173; and its 'Magic' J.t aircraft (German): shot down, 599; landing on, 459; and the German cypher system broken, 178-171; in action, 611,649, 650i airfields for, occupation of Italy, 460; J.w. urged to enter war against Germany, bombed, 651, 651; HimmJer's d.ported to Auschwitz from, 461, 466, 2.06; occupies French Indo-China, confidence in, 6S7; 'massacre' of, 661; 473, 494, 5 '4, 564; declar•• war on 116; a warninl to, U1; an assurance final air battle of (abov. Berlin), 666 Germany, 461; soldiers from, in action from Hitl.r to, 116; and the Togo 'J.wish BoI.h.vism': and National again.t German., 474, 490; and Alli.d government, 14S; air defences in, 2.49, Socialism, [91 bombing raids, 41b.; air supplies to Pearl Harbour preparations by, 149, Jewish Brigad. Group: .stablished, resistance in, 486; to be reinforced, by 2.S3, 154, 2.63; American demands to, 576, in action in Italy, 660 Hitler, 491; partisans in, 498, 519, 515, 2.64; imminent attacks by, 168; attacks J.wish Chronicle (London): and B9, 544; fale of prisoners-of-war Pearl Harbour, 171; first victories 'unspeakable evils', 154, 15.s from, 461-1, 475, 534; anti-partisan throughout South-East Asia, 173-80; jewish Council: in Warsaw, 18 sweeps in, 550, 554, 597; renewed and Australia, 180; German pressure J.wish Fighting Organization: partisan activiry in, 575-6, 587, 589; on, 311; bombed, 317, 311; cyphers .stablished in Poland, 346; acts of partisans in, betrayed, 593; partisans of, read, 31:z.; a submarine from, docks d.fianc. by, 388, 440 in, receive an American mission, 597; at Lorient, 348; and the battle for New Jews: Hitler's obsession with, 6, 18, 36- and th. hazard. of combat, 599; Guinea, 308, 311, 338, 341; 345, 346, 7, 100, 14, lSI, 160, 179, v:J7,109, partisans in, escape a sweep, 613; H5, 36., 375,378; and the bani. of 2.14,132., 2.4S, 151, 2.61, 184, 2.93, 195, German troops in, being moved to the Guadalcanal, HO, 361, 363, 368, 371, 196,301,310,311, 318, 34~1, 366, Silesian front, 638, '40; German 374,377,383; continuing bombing of, 368,376,377,386,389,398,407,413, troops in, and a possible surrender, 378,645,648,696,718; and Allied 410-1,438...,,439, SoB, 507-8, 595, 648; Hitl.r urg.s hi. troops in, to priorities, agreed at Casablanca, 397; 677; murd.red (1939), 4, 5,7,8,9, '1, 'stand firm', 6S7; Hitl.r rejects an and the , 41 3; 17, z.8, 32.;.murdercd (I~), 39,43, appeal to withdraw in, 667; final and the Suluk revolt, 46,; and the 56-7, lOS, '4S; murd.r...! ('941) '51, battles in, 669; partisans leilled in Sovlet Union, 478, 601, 640; and the 181,101,104, l.O9, 113, 114-5, 2.16, (near Gorizia), 669; a general uprising fate of Alli.d m.rchant seam.n, 500, 1.17,2.18,118-,,1[9""""10,113,115,2.17, in, 611; and communism, 119 509-10; Argentina declares war on, 12.8,2.2.8"""9,132., 2.3S, 2.39,141,143, Italian Alpine Divi.ion (in Greece): 653; and the atomic bomb on 146,147,149,150, 1JI, 151, 1.54, 1S5, 'will be crushed', '39-40 Hiroshima, 675--6, &'4, 110, 711-14, 1S7, 1.60, 163, 166, 2.68; (in 1941) 190, Ito, Lieutenant Commander Torashi: 715; and a possible negoliated peace 193,195,196,197,305,306, 3oB, 3I S, confesses, then commits suicide 71S with, 701, 70S, 707-8, 710; and the 311,31.. ,316-,],31.8,319,331,331, 'Ivans': the terrible winten of, 411. Soviet Union (in 1945),711,715,717, H6, 345, HS, 367-8; (in '943), 3900 Iwo Jima (Pacific): a naval engagement 710; and th. effect of th. atomic bomb, 406""7,435,444,41>0-1,48.; (in '944), off, 500; aerial bombardment of, 641.; on continuing the war, 116; signs 490,578, 595; (in 1945) 669, 671, 68 3- barrl. for, 641-3 peace treaties, 735i wartime death toll 4; their 'annihilation' threatened, 6, Izbush.nsky (southern Rus.ia): a of,741> lSI; and the 'Commissar Decree', 160, cavalry battle at, 355 see also index mtries for 168-9; and Himmler, 188, 2.rY7, 113. Izhonky Steel Mill (Leningrad): rebuilt, Hirohita, Hiroshima, Prisoners-of­ 117-8, 1t8, 12.0, 157, 317, 33.3, 337. 548 War, Tokyo, 'Magic', 'Purple' 368, 394-5; and the execution of a (Fran<::e): Jews deported from, 514 Jarocin (Poland): evacuations from, 2. Pole, 12.; deported, 2.1-3, 17, 49, 133, Izmail (): Soviet troops enter, Jaroslaw (poland): Hitl.r at, 9 144,2.45; indignities against, 4; ·°5 Jarry, Colonel: Rown to France, 46. reprisals against, 18; future of, as sccn Izyum (south Ru.sia): Ru.sians poised Jas.novac (Yugo.lavia): Jews from Berlin, 19, 40; and forced labour, to retake, 2.93; Germans capture, 315; murdered at, 390; a revolt at, 672. 43,41>0-'; and Dr Goebbels, 87, ,,_8, Germans driven from, 399 Jassy (Roumania): J.w. murdered in, 114,157,301,306,310,311-1,317i 2.04t-; Soviet forces enter, 574 . and euthanasia, lOS, 336; and the 'Jack': a double agenl,155 Java (Dutch lighl cruiser): sunk, 303 spread of anti-Jewish measures, Il.1, Jacob, Max: dies, 506 Java (Dutch Ea51lndies): .vacuat.d, Il.9, 151; and an anti-Jewish film, 12.8, Jacobi, Harry: saved, 67 301,3°3, 306; battl.s off, 303-4, 305- 144; in Belgrade, 173; in Hungarian - 'Jacquelin.' (Yvonne Rud.llal): h.r 6 occupied Yugoslavia, 174; in clandestine mission, 338-9; dies, 671 Java Sea: naval balli. in, 303-4 Baghdad, 187; in Norway, 10Si in Jadovno (Yugoslavia): mass murder at, Jawiszowic. (East Upper Sil ••ia): a Slovakia, 131; the 'destroyer', 145; and us forced labour camp at, 353 lh. decision to kill by gas.ing, 149- Jaeckeln, •.•. General Franz: and 'he Jaworow (Eastern Galicia): J.ws of, 50; protests on behalf of, "50, 188, killing of Jews from Hungary, 017; resist deportation, -42. 1 -48[; sympathy for, 1.5J, 1,6, 633; 8II INDEX

Jews-contd. Joint IntellIgence Committee (Bmish): Kaliteyev, Captain Vyacheslav: resistance by, 156, 308, 318, 341, 345, and German intentions, 30, 3Il executed, 12.7; rehabilitated, 719 376, 388, 393-~, 41 , 414, ~o, ~60-I, Joly, Lieutenant ('Valentin'): killed, H4 Kallmeyer, Dr: an expert in gassing, ' 467,516,600; and Ihe Mufti of Jones, Private Ralph: killed, 565 '50 Jerusalem, 16S; and the death camps Jones, Dr R. V.: and the German rocker Kalmyk Region (of souIhern Russia): (Chelmno), "74-5, 179, 36~, H" 630; bomb, 416, 464, 5S?; and the German German plans for, 193 (Belzec), 191,307-8,310, }IS, 311, sailor,6Il. Kaltenbrunner, 5.5. General, Ernst: to 351, 36~, 364, 370, 386; (Auschwitz­ longe Ian (Belgian fishing vessel): at co--ordinate deportations, 398; to run Birkenau), 311, 335, 340, 343, 3SI, Dunkirk,81 Mililary Counter-Inlemgence, 499; H6-7, 361, 365, 36~0, 371, 386, 391, Jongh, Frederic de: betrayed, and shot, and Hitler's conndence in victory 395,398, 400, ~07, 408, 4 3, 414, 43", 43 6 (February 1945),639; 'a thousand men 436,440, 444, 459, 461, 46' 5, 467, 470, Josing Fjord (Norway): a victory in, must still die every day' (in 471,474,488,490,494,504,507, SIo, 4' Mauthausen), 674; hanged, 731 SI4, 510, 513-4, 515, 517, 540, 546, Jovanovic, Mara: and the killings of Kaluga (Russia): Germans seize, 143; HO, H

Katznelson, Yithak: gassed at death, pardoned, and freed, 73' Germans driven from, 473 Auschwitz, 5~O Kessler, General: surrenders to the Kiirun (Formosa): prisoners-of-war Kautbeuren (Bavaria): euthanasia at, Americans, while on his way to liberated in, 7" 379 Tokyo, 693 Kimberley (British destroyer): Kawaguchi, General: at Guadalcanal, Kevu, Bcniamin: takes American damaged,H 37' crewmen to safety, 4049 Kimmel, Admiral: and japanese Kawasaki Uapan): bombed, 648 Key, jose: a spy, shot, 3.6 intentions, 163i and American Kazakhstan (Soviet Central Asia): Khalkin Gol (Soviet Far East): japane.. alertness, 737 evacuations to, 199, 2.40 defeated at, '; a film of, 468 King, Admiral: and tbe Arctic convoys, K"zlllt.h._ (Soviet troop transport): Kharkov (Ukraine): factory 396 heroism on, 2.17; the captain of, evacuations from, Z.O,S, 175; a German KinS, Mackenzie: and Britain's future, rehabilitated, 739 objective, l.ll, 1.38; Germans enters, '0' Kazan Railway Station (Moscow): 2.4'; German reserves sent from, 2.66; King's Award for Bravery: won by an Stalin's remarks at, 173 Russians seek to isolate, 2.93; a rumour eleven-year-old bo), 1>6 Kazinets, lui: hanged, }2.} concerning, 3l..4; a Russian attack Kingisepp (Russia): abandoned, >17; Kazimierz Dolny (Poland): Poles ncar, 32.S. 317; Red Army reaches Red Army returns to, 496 murdered at, 379 outskirts of, 404i Hitler seeks Kingsman, Lieutenant Charles F.: and Kazimierz Wielka (Poland): a pilot in recapture of, 406; Red Army assault the Italian partisans, SI9 hiding near, 570 on centre of, 410; German troops re· Kinsayok Camp (Thailand): deaths in, Kearney (U.S. destroyer): torpedoed, enter, 411; and the battle of Kursk, 4'7,46' '44-5 42-4; Soviet forces approach, 4S0t Ki""gas" (japanese heavy cruiser): Kecsketnet (Hungary): Red Army German forces withdraw from, 454; sunk,377 reaches, 608 Red Army liberates, 454; a war crimes Kinzel, General Hans: and the German Kedainiai (Lithuania): jews killed in, trial in, 480 surrender, 684 ·2.14-5,2.2.8 Kharkov Tank Works: relocated, '75 Kirisbima (japanese battleship): sunk, Kedrous (Crete): reprisals at, 5>0 Khatskilevich, General: killed in action, 377 Keeble, Lieutenant: killed, 1I4 >01 Kiriwina Island (Pacific Ocean): Keitel, General Wilhelm: and the Khatyn (White Russia): villagers Americans land on, 439 exeeution of Polish civilians, 8; and murdered at, 4'4 Kirkenes (Norway): and a German war the German plans in the West, 2.0j and Kherson (South Russia): jews and correspondent, 191; Stalin's request the future of Poland, 11; and the Russians murdered in, 139 concerning, :3.14; Germans abandon, French armistice, 101; and the Khmelnik (Ukraine): jews murdered in, 61 3 German invasion of Russia, 2.12., 2.30, '35 Kirponos, General: told 'Do not move', 'H; and scorched earth, '15; and Khimki (near Moscow): German 192.; orders a new defence line, 2.0S; German casualties, 363; and the fate troops reach, .67 receives Stalin'. orden, in Kiev, 2.32.; of Russia, 370; and antiepartisan Kholm (Russia): Germans driven from killed in action, • 3' activity, 386; and the batde for Berlin, (194)), '93; Germans driven from Ki$dragi (Jan.pese destroyer): sunk, 679; signs the final instrument of (1944),503 '78 surrender t 690; hanged, 7}1 . Khota Baru (Malaya): '49 Kishinev (Bessarabia): jews murdered Kelebia (Tunisia): Axis forces at, Khrushchev, Nikita: in the Ukraine, in, z.I9; Red Army approaches, SlO continue to fight, 4.6 191; and the defence of Kiev, 194,133; Kiska Island (Aleutians): japanese land Kelly (British destroyer): in action at and the organization of partisans, >03 on, HO; American bombers attack, Namsos, S8; crippled, 59; sunlc, off Kiangan (Luzon): napalm used at, 70~ 359""60; a naval battle off, 415; Crete, 185 Kidney Ridge (EI Alamein): secured, Japanese abandon, "47; Americans Kempner, Vitka: her sabotage mission, 37' and Canadians land on, 45' HI Kieffer, josef: and the shooting of Kislovodsk (Caucasus): Germans enter, Kendari (Celebes): japanese about to British commandos, SS1; executed, 3S 3; jewl murdered at, 359 land at, '93 734 Kita, Nagai: and Pearl Harbour, ,63, Kennedy, john F.: in action~in the (Germany): leaflets dropped on, 2.38,1"9,168, 1.71 Solomon Islands, 449, 471 46; bombed, 13', 417, 446; a new 'Kite': the German army's most secret Kennedy 1 Joseph P.: contradicted, 110, submarine being fabricated in, 61S, supply key to the East, broken, .87 15 0 dock facilities at, bombed, 61 S; six Kitzelmann, Michael: his protest, and Kennington (London): a pilot bales out thousand soldiers and refugees execution, 331 over, 12.5 drowned off, 635; refugee ships reach, Kladovo (Yugoslavia): Soviet forces Kensington (London): a 'Flying Bomb' 68.. ; a war criminal dies in, on the eve reach, s87 at, 541 of his trial ('957),738 Klarsfeld, Arno: deported to Kent (England): 'Flying Bomb' deaths (Poland): labour camps near, '3; Auschwitz, 471 In,549 German troops sent to, tOO late, 619; Klein, Sergeant Zigmund: killed, 145 Kentish, Leonard: abducted, and killed, Jews murdered in, after the war, 730 Kleist, General Paul von: and the British 396 Kienirz (River Oder): Soviet tanks forces around Dunkirk, 71.; cast of Kentucky Military Mu.eum reach, 63S~ Kiev, 2.33i forbidden to retreat, 166i (Kentucky): a trophy at, 674 Kieta (Solomon Islands): japanese orden the evacuation of the Crimea. Kerarna Retto (Ryukyu Islands): battle about to land at, '93 47' for, 655 Kiev (Soviet Union): German plan Kleist-Schmenzin, Ewald von: Kerch (Crimea): jews murdered at, >60; against, II", I",; Soviet defences in beheaded, 660 battle on, 3J.O, 315 area of, 168, 170-1, 177; Soviet troop Klessheim Castle (Salzburg): Hide! Kerch Straits (Russia): 112.; Soviet concentrations ncar, 179; last·minute meets Horthy at, 42-1, '09; Hitler sees troops land on, 18}, 2.84, 186; German plans for, 191, 19 .. ; on the eve of war, a tank demonstration at, JI7 plans to advance through, 3.P; 1,96; factory evacuations from, 1.06; a Kletnya (Russia): Soviet partisans Germans retreat back across, 462. Soviet counter·attack from, 109; regroup near, 331; an anti.parrisan Keren (Eritrea): Italians driven from, Germans poised to enter, 131, 131; sweep near, 390, 391 ,65 Russians withdraw from, 136; Kletsk (Russia): mueder of jews at, 151; Kesselring, Field Marshal Albrecht Germans enter, 137; Jews murdered jews Ree from, 345 von: his anti-partisan order, SSO; in in, 139, 190; 'Germanization' in, lS3; Klimovskikh, General: and the Italy, 650; Hitler', 'stand firm' partisans shot near, '98; slave imminence of war, 194; shot, '17 message to, 657; urges a stand in the labourers shot near, 460; a defence Klin (near Moscow): Germans reach, Harz Mountains, "7; sentenced to Jine, to be st.rcngthened near, .. 61; 161; Germans driven out of, 2.79 81 3 INDEX

Klintsy (Russia): mass murder at, 106; defend, 34'; Austtalians fall back 6; Jews of, deported to Auschwitz, Germans to withdraw from, 46Z. hom, 14S; japanese seize, 346; ss!r"6o, 560; German forces on, Klissura (Greece): Italians driven back Australians forced further back from surrender, 691 to, 149; Italians drive out of, 1-49 355, 361; Australians move back ro, KosciuSl.ko, General: his monument Klooga (Estonia): Jews murdered at, 37S, 378; reconquest of heights on blown up, ~7 191 trail to, 477 Kosice (Slovakia): Red Army enters, Klop, Lieutenant Dirk: dies of his Kokura (japan): a possible atomic 63~ wounds, 2.7 bomb target, 694; obscured by cloud, Kosmodemianskaya, Zoia: hanged, ~6S Klapper, General Hendrik: surrenders 7'j Kossak, Zofia: helps Jews, 384 Tobruk, HI Kolbe, Father Maximilian: his sacri6ce, Kostroma (Russia): reinforcements Kluge, General Gunther von: in Paris, 219 gather at, 1.67 94; and Hitler's visit to Paris, 102.; and Kolberg (East Prussia): its heroic past, Kosygin, Alex ..i: and the removal of Hitler's visit to Lille, 104; and the 631; acquired by Poland, 7II factories, 199 German opposition to Hitler, 118; Kolberg (film): portrays heroism, 631 Kostas, Stefan: executed, 612. and the Kursk battle to end, 4#; and Koldyczewo (White Russia): a slave Kotelnikovo (southern Russia): the evacuation of Orcl, ...6; a protest labour camp revolt at, SIO Germans reach, 348; Germans from, -USi urges a withdrawal, .,.61; Kolo (Poland): bombed. ~; Jews attacked at, 385; Russians recapture, replaces von Rundstedt, 549; i.s deported from, to their deaths, 174 389 himself replaced, 510; commits Kolombangara Island (Solomons): a Kotevla (Ukraine): RUSSians enter, 4SS suicide, 17~; his final appeal, about skirmish off, 449; a naval action off, Kott, Andrzej: captured, 39 fink deficiencies and shortages of fuel, 4 So; Americans land on, 466 Kotzebue, Lieutenant Albert: on the 576.., Kolomyja (Eastern Galicia): Jews from, Elbe,673 Klusmcir, Captain Emil: sinks two murdered, 361.; Red Army enters, Kavner, Abba: an eye-witness, 119 Allied merchant shIps (on 7 May 5II-2. Kovno (LIthuania): frontier violated '941), 689 Kolomna (near Moscow): battle at, ~67 near, 194; bombed, 198; a bartIe near, Knauf, Erich: executed, Sl.J Komandorski Islands: Sattle of, 'S 199; jews murdered in, 1.04-5, 107, Knight, Captain Donald: killed in Komet (German commerce raider): sets 1.13,1.14-5,1.39,141,150,163,308, Yugoslavia, 451 sail,l09 399,511; a protest about the murder Knight's Cross (to the Iron Cross): Koniev, General: advances westward, of Jews in, 150; Jews in ghetto of, 167; award of, 66, 87, [54, ~38, 4OS~, 46s, S14; orders the final artillery barrage jewish deponees murdered in, 163, 481, 503, 5.6, H6, 616, 679; a winner of the Second World War in Europe. 1.90; Soviet prisoners-of-war of, paraded in Moscow, 516 691 murdered at, H9; the Allied invasion (London): a 'Flying Konigsberg (Germany): to be bombed. of Sicily, as seen from, 443; jews in Bomb' at, S6, 198; Hitkr's plans for, 191; bombed, hiding in, discovered, and killed SS S; Knin (Yugoslavia): bombed, SOS 581-3; beseiged, 654; surrenders, 660; Red Army enters, S6'-3; Jewish Knipping, Max: executed (in '947),73' fighting near, 687, 689 women from. killed by their 5.5. Knochen, Helmut: his award, 16-'7; Konigstein (Saxony): an escape from, guards, 675; a killer of jews in, heads the Paris Gestapo, 94-5, 141; 3[7 extradited, 734 tried. sentenced, and later released, Konotop (southern Russia): Germans Kovpak, Sidor: a partisan leader, 383 7)8 driven from, 459 Kowale Panskie (Poland): Jews from, Knochlein, 55 Captain Fritz: orders a Konoye, Prince Fumimaro: comes to gassed, ~79 massacre, 77; hanged, 733 power in Japan, tIl; resigns, 145 Kowalke, Gottlieb: killed, ~S Knox, Frank: and Pearl Harbour, 140, Konstanz (Germany): a would-be Kowarski, Lew: leaves France, 95 [H assassin caught in, 16 Kozara Mountains (Yugoslavia): an Kobe (japan): bombed, 317. 6.. 8; Konstrulr.to, (Soviet gunboat): crosses anti-partisan sweep in, 339 japanese fleet at, attacked, 650 Lake Ladoga, ~B Kozelsk (Soviet Union): and Polish Koblenz (Rhineland): Jews deported Konyu Camp (Thailand): 'breaking prisoners-of-war, 53; Germans driven from, 3'9; bombed, 61> men' in, 417; Tamils 'die like flies' from, 18~ Kobona (lake ladoga): supplies, ~6, near, 42.2.; a 'real camp of death', 435 Kragujevac (Yugoslavia): a massacre Kobryn (Poland): a signals centre. '91; Kopec, Professor: shot, 161 in, 147 two last rrains through, 196 Korbokov, General: shot, 2.08'""'9 Kraljevo (Yugoslavia): and a reprisal Kobylka (Poland): a defence line at, S6~ Korea: forced labourers from, in New action, 1.43; a massacre at, 1.~7 Kocani (Greece): partisan activity near, Guinea, 396 Kramatorsk (southern Russia): 60[ Koreans: surrender, on Makin AtoU, machine-works evacuated from, 1.41, Koch. Erich: visits Hitler, 359; his 476 147; Red Army re-enters, 399 contempr for Russians, 408~ Koren, Arieh: and a German manhunt, Kramer, Lieutenant Commander Alvin: Koch, Karl: an 5S man, executed by 384 and Pearl Harbour, 171 the SS, 734 Korherr, Dr Richard: and the statistics Kramer, Josef: transferred to Bel sen, Koch. Karl: an 5.5. man, executed by of man murder, 414 615; and the arrival of British troops, the S.S .• 734 Koritsa (Albania): Greeks reach, '43 at Belsen, 663; brought to nial, 71.6 Koedel, Marie: a German agent, 37 K01mo1aPl (German ocean raider): in Krancke, Captain Theodor: and Koenig, General Marie-Pierre: and the action, 1.59 Norway, 45; sinks the Jervis Bay, liberation of Paris, S78 Korn, Hans Robert Martin: his saga, 13 8 Koeppen. Waher: and Hitler's plans for and fate, 56S Kraslava (Russia): Soviet troops move Russia, 361 Korobkov, General: shot, 117 to (May [94[), [83 Kohima (India): besieged, S14. HI; Korosten (Russia): a defensive line at, Krasnaya (Russia): reprisals at, 1.37 japanese driven from, 613 105; a Soviet counter-attack, at 109; Krasnodar (Caucasus): German plans Kohl, Helmut: and rhe 'horror of war', jews killed in, 131; a Russian attack for, 193; Germans reach, 350; a war 743 at, 478. crimes trial at, 444; an eye witness to Kahn, Armand: deported, 571 Korsun (southern Russia): Germans mass murder at, 480 Kahn, George~-Andre: deported, 571; defeated at, 499 Krass, 55 Captain: awarded the Iron murdered, 669 Koryzis, Alexander: commits suicide, Cross, 61. Kahn, Dr Hugo: sent to Auschwitz, 174 Kraus, General: and Dutch volunteers ~4 Korzec (Volhynia): jews murdered at, on the Eastern Front, 348 Kokkorevo (lake Ladoga): supplies 3,6 Krebs, Colonel (Ia[er General): Stalin's reach,1.60 Kos (Dodecane.e Islands): Germans remark to, 173; and the surrender of Kokoda (New Guinea): Australians land on, 46S; and an escape line, 495- Berlin, 68~ INDEX

Krebs (German armed trawler): Kuntsevo (near Moscow): an anti-tank Lae (New Guinea): japanese land at, boarded, 161 ditch at, 146 '96; occupied, 308; raided, }}8; Kreipe, General Heinrich: kidnapped, Kunze, Lieutenant Rolf: flies to reinforcements to, sunk, 408; an 519-.0 Scotland, 683 American force lands near, 417; Kreisau Circle: opponents of Nazism Kupfinger, Lieutenant-Commander Americans and Australians advance in, 450, 544; and the Hitler Bomb Plot, Hans: and Enigma, 16r to, 459; Japanese abandon, 46.1; 566, 604,63.,637 Kupyansk (southern Russia): Red japanese trek from, 486 Kreiser. General Jakov: in action, :1,05 Army enters, 399 Lagedi (Estonia): jews murdered at, Kremenchug (Soviet Union): Soviet Kure (Japan): japanese fleet near, 595 troops move to (May 1941), 183; the attacked, 650j bombed, 708, 709 La Haye-du-Puits (France): German Mayor of, shot, '39; Red Army Kurgan (Soviet Union): evacuations to, troops moved to, 52.8, 51.9; battle at, approaches, 464 199 553 Kremer, Dr Johann: at Auschwitz, Kurile Islands: and Pearl Harbour, .161, Lahouscn, Colonel: and Soviet 356-7, 368, 370, 43' .164; and an American deception plan, prisoners-of-war, 2.47; and Kremer. Simon Davidovich: receives 516; Soviet Union to acquire, 640j 'indescribable' scenes of mass murder, atomic sccrets, l.4f1 Soviet troops land on, 7]7; Soviet .lSI; and German sabotage in Britain, Kremlin (Moscow): spires of, 197; troops complete their occupation of, '55 bombs neaf, 2,17; German clation 7" Lambeth (London): a 'Flying 80mb' on, concerning, 1.41; Germans twelve Kurland (8altic): a map showing, saves 55 1 miles from, 1.66; a telegram to Hitler, 559; German forces trapped Lammers, Dr Hans: and euthanasia, 1.0, Churchill from 415; the 'horror of in, 6.18 109; records a protest, 481 war' spoken of in, 743 Kursk (Russia): Germans to withdraw Lampedusa Island (Mediterranean): Kremnica (Solvakia): battle at, 608, 61 I to, 174; effect of resistance at surrenders, 437 Kretshchmer, Captain Otto: captured, Sevastopol on, 336; Germans driven Lampione Island (Mediterranean): 16. from, 400; a Soviet salient around, occupied, 437 Kriesshaber, Theodor: executed, '7 413,4'4,4.10,42.4, 4.17; bom~d, 434; Lancastria (British passenger liner): Krimchak Jews: executed, 1.67 German plans to conquer, 441; battle sunk,98 Kristiansand (Norway): 45, 5', 53 for, 44'-', 44}, 445 Landau, ss Sergeant Felix: and the Krivoi Rag (Ukraine): Hitler's plan for, Kushchevskaya (southern Russia): Red murder of Jews, l.ll, 2.18 2.35; Jews murdered in, 2.35; a German Army enters, 399 Landsberg (Bavaria): American troops counter-attack at, ... 72. Kushnir. Shlomo: leads a revolt, .5 10 reach, 674; a war crimes trial at, 735 Kronstadt (Leningrad): bombed, '37 Kiistrin (on the Oder): holds out, 6}4; Lang Son (French Indo-China): Free Kropotkin (southern Russia): Germans falls, 648 French forces in. overrun, 691.-3 reach, }48 . Kuttabul (Australian depot ship): hit, Langbehn, Carl: executed, 601 Krosniewice (Poland): jews from, )19 Langeron, Roger: defies the Germans, murdered,30 4 Kutschera, SS General Franz: killed, 94; arrested, 151 Krotoszyn (Poland): evacuation from, 496; reprisals after death of, 496, 498 Langley, Jimmy: escapes, t 31 • Kuznetsov, Admiral: at Libava, 164; Langley (US support ship): sunk, 303 Krupp Armament Factories (at Essen): tries to arouse Stalin, 191; and last­ Langsdorff, Captain Hans: and the bombed, 13'1, 308, 408, 409, 417 minute preparations, 193 G,afSpee, H Krupp von Bohlen, Alfred: sentenced, Kwai River (Thailand): bridges on, Laon (France): bombed, 511 then amnestied, 734 destroy~, 70 [ La Pallice (Fran«): troops embarked Kruszyna (Poland): jews killed at, 386 Kwaialein (Marshall Islands): from, 98; German warships attacked Kryukovo (near Moscow): the 'final American air attacks on, .197; at, 2..16; German submarine pens at, point of withdrawal" .161 American Marines beheaded on, 35); }48 Knywolka (Poland): Soviet prisoners­ American Marines land on, 496: a war Larissa (Greece): deportations through, of-war murdered at, 481. crimes trial on, 71.5 540 Ksiazki (Poland): Poles murdered at, 6 Kwantung Army (Manchuria); Red La Roche-Guyon (France): Rommel Kuala Lumpur (Malaya): abandoned, Army attacks, 715 leaves, 5 }2.; Rommel contacted at, .88 Kwei lin (China): 3.6 553; Rommel wounded on the way to, Kuantan (Malaya): japanese land at, Kweiyang (China): Japanese advance 55 6 176; battle at, 18 .. ; occupied, 18'6 towards, 613 La Rochelle (France): the German Kuban River (Caucasus): ~rmans Kyoto (japan): a possible atomic bomb garrison at, shown an heroic film. 635 reach, 34n Germans cross, 348 target, 694 Larsen, Leif: his torpedo mission, 372. Kube, Wilhelm: forwards a protest, Kyle V. Johnson (U.S. troopship): lasch, General Otto: surrenders '50-1; killed, 363 suicide attack on. 62.9 Kiinigsherg, 660-1 Kubis, Jan: his mission behind German Kyushi Island (Japan): planned Lashio (Burma): supplies pass through, lines, .83-4, 3'7; killed, 334 invasion of, 659, 696, 7.15; and the IJI; Japanese reach, 31.J Kublichi (Whire Russia): jews atomic bomb, 697; continued Lasker, Anita: and the burning of murdered at, 191 preparations for the invasion of, 703; 8e1sen, 695 Kuchemann, Dietrich: brought to preparations for the defence of, 712. Las Palmas (Canary Islands): German Britain, 701-3 ships forced to leave safety of, 330 Kuczynski, Ruth: receives atomic Laborde, Admiral Jean de: scuttles La Spezia (Italy): bombed, 439; ItaHan secrets, 1,,] ships, 383 ships set sail from, 460; partisan Kuhmo (Finland): defended, }4, 36 Labuan Island (Borneo): japanese land action near, 539; Germans hold, 613 Kuibyshev (Russia): evacuation to, '44 on, .188; Australians land on, 699 Latsis, Giorgio: a partisan, killed in Kujawialt. (British destroyer, manned La Caine (Normandy): bombed, 5)6 action.67S by Poles): sunk, 333 Laconia (British troopship); sunk, }60 Latvia: irs treaty with Russia; Soviet Kuklesi (Greece): reprisah in, 450 Ladoga, Lake (Leningrad): Germans bases in, 44. Soviet forces to enter, 94; Kulik, General: and the cavalry, 44 reach, 2.30; a Russian gunboat crosses, annexed. I JI i fate of Jews in. 2..66; Kummert, SS Corporal: recalls a .153; supplies for Leningrad cross, .161, German forces in, surrender. 690; massacre, 79 2.66, .183; wounded soldiers evacuated some Germans in, still refusing to Kunikov, Maior Caesar: holds a beach­ across, .196; 'Corridor of Death' to, surrender (II May r945), 693; final head,399 39' German surrender in (14 March 1945), Kunishi Ridge (Okinawa): fighting for, 'Lady Be Good' (US bomber): its ill­ 694 697, 699, 700 fated flight, 418; the remains of, found Laufer, Leo: accompanies Americans Kunming (China): '76, >80 in the dose", 739 into Ohrdrul, 659 INDEX laurahurt< Works lEast Upp

of I shot I 488 drowned, t80 Lexington (US aircraft carrier): sunk, League of Nations: Soviet Union Lend-Lease: 139,149,156-'71161.151- 32.2.j an earlier mission of, recalled, 737 expelled from, 34; a former official of, 1,154 Ley, Robert: commits suicide, 72.~ found guilty of war crimes, 725~ l

Lindemann, General Fritz: and the Lofoten Islands (Norway): a naval raid Los Banos (PhIlippines): a rescue Hitler Bomb Plot, 6'5 on, 161 mission to, 643; a war crimes trial in, Linden, Dr Herbert: wants to destroy Lohr, General Alexander: urges 71 8 evidence of mass murder, 368 severity, 371.; conducts an anti­ Lossiemouth (Scotland): a raid from, Lindenbaum, Shalon: and the bombing partisan sweep, 391.; orders retaliation on the Tirpitz, 6[2. of Monowitz, 5.91 against civilians, 450 Lotzen {East Prussia}: German troops Linosa Island (Mediterranean): Lohse, Hinrich: and the 'Final withdraw from, 633 surrenders, 437 Solution" 1[6; and measures Louisville (US cruiser): suicide attack Linsley, Lieutenant R. R.: killed, 6n restricting Jews, 1.2. 3-4; and the killing on, 618, 697 Linton, Joseph: and a plan of of Jews by gas, 14!r50; halts killings Loustalot, Lieutenant Edwin Y.: killed Auschwitz, 580 for economic reasons, 2.56; and the in action, 354 Linz (Austria): Hitle,'s ,ebuilding plans Gypsies, • a double danger" 1.81 Lower Wessell Island (Australia): for, 104, 109, 196, 315,639; Flak Loilem (Burma): Japanese driven from, raided,396 Towers to be built in, 365; Churchill's 699 Lowery, Sergeant Louis R.: the fate of wish "to meet the Russians there', 667; Loire River (France): retreat to, 90; a photograph by, 64z-3 and the American~Soviet demarcation French Government evacuated to, 9[; Lozovaya (southern Russia): Red Army line, 680 proposed action on, 93; bridges enters, 402. Lisahally (Northern Ireland): post-war destroyed on, 543; German supply Lubeck (Germany): leaftets dropped sinking of German submarines off, columns attacked near, 5.52.; on, 46; bombed, 314, 319; British 71 7 Americans advance to, 567, 568; a thrust to, 667, 687; HimmJer meets Lisbon (Portugal): a false destination, German surrender on, 592. Bernadotte in, 670; fate of refugee 51.0j a spy reaches Britain from, 52. [ Loknya (Russia); Jews and Gypsie. ships at, 683-4; new submarines at, Lisbon Maru (Japanese merchant ship): murdered in, 197 never put to sea, 690 sunk,366 Lokot (Russia): anti-partisan sweep Lublin (Poland): Jews deported to, 11- Lishka, Kurt: and the deportation of near,36 [ 1.3,49; Jewish tribulations in, 1.8; Jews Jews from Paris, 391-3 London (England): and the threat of deported to their death from, 308, 312., Lisichansk (southern Russia): Germans bombing, [9; children return to. 37; 376; declared the temporary capital of enter.34[ awaits a parachute attack, 69; German Poland,511 Liska, Major General Alois: and the bombs fall on (1940--1941), I1t, 111, Lubny (Ukraine): battle near, 13t surrender of Dunkirk, 692. u3, ]2.4, Il.S, fl.7, 13 1, [35, 142., [49, Lucas, General John P.: hesirates, 492. Liskof, Alfred: a deserter, '94, Z01 161,174,181; ('943), 49', 495, 500, Ludendorff Bridge (Remagen, Rhine): Lisome Bay (US escort carrier): 504; 'bad day. for' (Goebbels), '78; Americans cross, 646-, torpedoed, 476 'boundless wrath' in, 304; the Luknitsky (a Russian writer): and the List, Field Marshal Wilhelm: dismissed, bombing of Hamburg and a burial of the dead in Leningrad, 185 359 comparison with, 446; the VI 'Flymg Lui .. (Sweden): mines to be laid off, 78 Liszt, Franz: and the death of a German Bomb' falls on, 539, 541, 541, 543, 548, Luga (Russia): Soviet partisans near, air acc, 491-2. 549, HI, 551, 561, 576,645; news of 1.09; Soviet defence 1ine at, 117 Liteiny Bridge (Leningrad): civilians Auschwitz reaches, 546; evacuations Liineburg (Germany): Himmlcr's killed on, 446 from (July 1944), SS7; the 'Flying suicide at, 695-6; a war crimes trial Lithuania: and the Soviet Union, [6,44, Bomb' no longer a threat to, 582.; a at, 71.6 94; annexed, I[ I; Jews murdered in, renewed ·Flying 80mb' offensive Lushno (Russia): German bravery at, 2.04-5.2.67,2.98; a German anti­ against, 587; a rocket bomb offensive z37 partisan sweep in, 390; Jews from, in against, 589, 594,614,64[,648,653; Luteyn, Tony: escapes, 188 action, 407; Red Army reaches BaltiC a vj'tory parade in, 719; and an Luther, Martin: and the 'Final coast of, 60 ( unexploded bomb, 739; Hirohito Solution', 1.92., 363-4 Liuchow (China); Japanese driven back visits, 74[ Liitjens, Vice-Admiral: in action, 159, towards, 699 'London Controlling Section':, and 162., 185; scuttles the Bismarck, [86; Liuyang River (China): a Japanese deception, 347 goes down wi[h his ship, [86 offensive in, 537 London Debt Agreement (195'): Lutsk (Poland): Germans enter, 1.01; Livarot (Normandy): Rommd severely resolves Germany's reparations debts Jews murdered in, 2.09, 339; Red wounded at, SS6 of '914-18, 736 Army reaches, 496 Liverpool (England): 4, 7; bombed, london Declaration (1941): on 'war Lulzow (German battle.hip): beaten u.5, lSI; a ship sailing from, atcacked, crlmes·.1.~l off. 2.86; in the Arctic, 340 133 'Long live Belgium!': a cry, during an Luxemburg: 20, 38; invaded, 61; laws Liverpool Street Sration (London): a execution, 588 against Jews introduced in, 11.7-8; tunnel near, 131 'long live Poland!': a cry, during an Jews deported from, Z45, 344; forced Livorno (Italy): bombed, 440; possible execution, 17 labour from, 42.1; civilians from, at Allied landing at, 447 Longoskayan Point (Philippine.): Belsen, 664; war criminals held in a (): Germans enter, Japanese land at, 194; Japanese hotel in, 703 '71 bridgehead ar, destroyed. Z96 Luxemburg Treaty (1951): and Loborgrad (Yugoslavia): Jews Lonsdale, Major Richard: his heroism, reparations to the Jews, 736 murdered in, 390 in Sicily, 442; at Arnhem, 593 luzon (Philippines): bombed, '75; loch Ryan (Scotland); post-war 'Lord Haw-Haw' (William Joyce): his Americans land at, 176, 282.; President sinking of German submarines in, 72.7 broadcasts from Germany, 10, 1 [.5. Quezon leaves, 301.; loss of life off, Lodeinoye Polye (Lake ladoga): Finn. 1'9, 3z9, 458, 488, 583-4; arrested, 338; sabotage activities on, forbidden, reach, 2.30 696; hanged, 717 391; American naval losses off, 61.7. Lodz (Poland): battle for, 7; Jews of, Lord, Flight Lieutenant D. S. A.: over 62.8; American landing on, 618; battle 2.4,17,2.7-8; a ghetto esrab1ished in, Arnhem,594 for, 633; prisoners-of-war on, rescued. 57; starvation in rhe ghetto of, 179; Lorengau (Admiralty Islands): 63.5,6,43; conrinued fighting on, 667, deportations to, 2.44, 14.5; Japane.e land at, 315 683, 69Z, 695; napalm used on, 70.; deporrations from, and a deception, Lorraine (France): Allies advance plans for [he invasion of Japan, made 54(; final deportations from, 565, 581; towards, 6 [3 on,71 5 German troopS sent through, too late, Lorient (France): a German submarine Lvov (Poland): Polish surrender at, 9; 619; Red Army enters, 632.; Jews base. [32., 348; bombed, 42.8; a Sovier annexation of, 16; Soviet women from, killed in the Baltic, 675j landing expected at, 534 preparations near, 177; German troop recollections of a girl from, on the sea Los Alamos (New Mexico); and the movements near, [79; and a partisan journey from Lubeck to Kiet, 684 atomic bomb, 595, 694 group. 2.02.; and Russian resistance, INDEX

Lvov (Poland)-contd. 'Madeleine': helps the French assault on, 368; thought to be the real 104; overrun, 1°04; withdrawal ReSistance, 438 object of the 'Torch' landings, 375; behind, 1.0,5; Jews murdered in, Z09, Madeira (Ponugal): 141; German Italian ships reach safety of, 460 u6; evidence of mass murder submarines near, attack a convoy, 373 Maly Trosteners (Russia): a German destroyed in, 438; Red Army Madras (India): 'may fall', 303; bombs concentration camp at. 2.10; a death approaches, 55.; Red Army enters, near, 315 camp at, 314. 32.9, 331, 332, 364; a j61; acquired by Russia, 71I Madrid (Spain): Franco returns to, 134 revolt at, 548 Lydie Suzann. (Belgian fishing vessel): Maebashi (Japan): bombed, 712 Manado (Dutch East Indies): Japanese at Dunkirk, 80-[ Mafalda, Princess: killed by an Allied capture, 190 Lyon, Lieutenant-Colonel Ivan: kiUed, bomb,58• Manchester (England): Churchill 7°' Magdalenka (Poland): Poles murdered speaks in, 40j bombed, 115 Lyon (France): 55 an action near, 100; at, 32.8 Manchester, William: recalls an Jean Moulin arreSled in 434-5; (Germany): bombed, 491- incident on Okinawa, 695 tortures in, 436; executions in, 488; a 2.,640; bombing of, reported, 641 Manchester (British cruiser): sunk, deportation neac, 514; sabotage neac, Magennis, Mick: his courageous 35' SI5; bombed, 5.8; reprisals in, 561; a exploit, ,10 Manchester Guardian: and the Jews of mass execution in, 571; furrher 'Magic': japanese diplomatic messages, Poland,43 executions at, 573; Resistance fighters being read by Ihe United States, 178, Manchuria: Japanese army in, 7I1; in, 580 271,701,710; and Pearl Harbour, 737 Soviet troops advance through, 715, Lyuban (near Leningrad): fighting at, Magnetic mine: a new weapon, .19-30; 717,720 495 loses its terror, 35 Mandalay (Burma): '76; bombed, 3'5; Magnitogorsk (Urals): evacuation [0, and a sabotage mission. 404; British Maas River (Holland): Allies reach, .06 'lnd Indian troops advance towards, 615; Allied plans to advance from, 639 Mahan (US destroyer): hit by a 646; falls, 650 Mabuni (Okinawa): suicides at, 700 kamikaze pilot, 617 Mandel, Georges: fights subversion, 68; MacArthur, General Douglas: and Mahratta (British destroyer): prevents flight of public officials, 85; Japan, :u5. 2.B, 164; reaches torpedoed, 503 wants [0 fight on, 93, 101; executed, Corregidoc, 182.; says 'Help is on the Maidstone (England): German aircraft 552; hiS executioner executed, 731 way', 2.91; orders a withdrawal, 193; show down near, 1I9 Manevich, Lev: his act of defiance, 687- II intend to fight it ouc', 194; ordered Maikop (Caucasus): a German 8; dies, 688 to )f:ave the Philippines. 302.; leaves objective, 345; Germans reach, 350 Mangan, Lieutenant Sagejima: an Luzon, 307; in Australia, 316; forbids Mailly-Ie-Camp (France): bombed, 5J7 executioner, 396 sabotagf: activities, 391; seeks to Maine (United States): German agents Mangin, General: his statue destroyed, regain Rabaul, 439; agrees to ~l shall land at, 615 10. return' packf:(s, to be sent in to the A.iainz (Germany): and mines In the '': the atomic bomb, Philippines, 451; his pledge to be Rhine, 64 363,420, 618 honoured, 596; and Ihe ban Ie for Maisky, Ivan: and a 'saga of heroism', Mannerheim, Marshal Carl: and a Leyte, 605; and a newS blackout, >14 'holy war', '01 concerning kamikaze pilots, 617i Majdanek (poland): a concentration Mannerheim Line (Finland): attacked, returns to Manila, 644i announceS camp at, 376; mass murder at, 473, 4'; breached, 4'; by-passed, 47 liberation of Ihe Philippines, 70'; and 475; Red Army reaches, 559; and a Manila (philippines): 216, '39, .8.; thf: defeat of Japan, 72.1-2.; moves to war crimes trial, 741 evacuated. 184; Japanese forces enter, Tokyo, 72.3; upholds death sentences, Majorat (Poland>; murders at. 584 2.87; Japanese send reinforcements 7H Makhach-Kala (Caspian Sea): German from, .z.95i American targers near, McAuliffe, Major·General Anthony: plans for, sent by Churchill to Stalin, 596; the Ushio damaged off, 612; refuses to surrender, 62.1 366 atrocities in, 639; American forces McCarthy, Major D.: a clandestine Makm Island (PaCIfic): Japanese land approach, 642; battle for, 642.,643 landing by, 393 on, 2.76; an unsuccessful American Manila Bay (US escort carrier): hit in a McCloy, John J.: an appeal to, 546; landing on, 353; final invasion Of,476 suicide attack, 62.7 issues a general amnesty, 734 Malaya: 107. 140; a Japanese air Mannheim (Germany): bombed, 146, McDonough, jay: wounded, 611 reconnaisance over, 2.49; to be a 2.10,1.54,32.6 Mcindoe, Archibald: his healmg work, target, 2.53; Japanese troops head for, Manoora (Australian armed merchant '3 2.63,2.68; Japanese invasion of, 2.71, cruiser): in action, 91 McIntyre,' Lieutenant I.: an aerial 2.72.-3,2.75,2.78,284,2.86; executions Manor Park (London): bomb ar, 146 reconnaisance by, 519 in, 301, 549; end of the war in, 71.1; Manstein, General fIitz Erich von: and Mackesy, Major·General Pierse becomes independent, 730, 733 Hitler's musings, 245; and the jews, Joseph: in Norway, 56 Maldegem (BelgIum): a gap near, 76 '59, 366; promoted Field Marshal, McLain, Captain Bill: on Corregidor,644 Maleme (Crete): attacked, [84 339; Hitler viSits, 405, .410, 459; visits Maclean. Brigadier Fitzroy: parachuted Malines (Belgium): Jews deported to Hitler, 444i a protest from, 458; a into Yugoslavia, 461 Auschwitz from, 310, 373.444 warning from, 459; urges a Macedonia (Yugoslavia): offered to Malmedy (Ardennes): American withdrawal, 461; a success of, on the Bulgaria, 165; deportation of Jews soldiers massacred at, 610 Eastern Front, 478; troops of, fall from, 414 Maloelap (Marshall Islands): American back, 486; dismissed, 51 r Machen, Charles: arrested and air attacks on. 2.97 Mantes (France): Allies reach, 568 deported, 498 Maloy (Norway): a commando raid on, Maori (British destroyer): rescues Machines: 'will beat machines', 91, 99 .83 survivors, 186 Mackwiller (Saar): Germans driven Maloyaroslavets (Russia): OCCUPied, Maoris: m action. 422, 498, 509 from, 615 '46 Maquis, the: in France, 397, 398, 518; Macon (F rance): a rescue from, 468 Malta: bombed, '}O; air banles of, 114, sweeps against, 554, 568 Macva (Yugoslavia): a massacre at, 1.47 341i Hitler seeks to isolate, [43; Maral (Soviet battleship): In action, 2jI Madagascar: and the Jews, 100; a supplies reach, 143. 149, 180, 318, 314, Marburg (Germany): American trOOps British landing on, 32.3; a Japanese 353.382; bombed, 150, ]83; a torpedo enter, 654 submarine attack on, 330; Subhas boat attack on, 2.Ibi supplies [0, sunk, 'March of Death': in the PhilipPines, Chandra Bose transferred to a 312; fears for, 319-2.0; naval escort 3 [6; survivors of, liberated, 711; the Japanese submarine ncar, 423 for, attacked, l.Hi attacks made from, officer responSible for, executed, 72.8 Madang (New Guinea): Japanese 341; to be reinforced, 351; receives Marchal, Colonel: Rown to France Withdraw to, 486 George Cross, 360; a renewed air (1943),461 818 INDEX

Marcinkance (eastern Poland): Jews in, Marzabotto (Italy): a clandestine 418""9; her crew filmed, 419 murdered, }76 mission to, 597 Menasche, Lillian: and 'that cursed Marcks, General Erich: and German Massachusetts (US warship): day', 470 plans against Russia, III, II S bombards Japan, 70} Mengele, Dr Josef: at Auschwin, 4}1- Marcus Island (pacific Ocean): an Massawa (Eritrea): Italian naval 1, S07, 562.; an eye witness of the attack on, in retaliarion, }01; setback ncar, [68; surrenders, 170 brutality of, liberated, 688 Americans bomb, 4S7; Japanese Mastiff (British minesweeper): blown Menin (Belgium): 7} garrison on, surrenders, 712. up by a magnetic mine, ~9 Mennecke, Dr Fritz: his medical Maresyev, Alexei: his exploit, ~5 Matabele (British destroyer): sunk, 2.91 experiments, 168,160,163,167 Mareth Line (Tunisia): Rommel Matapan, Cape (Grecce): Italian naval Mental patients: murdered, 31, 39, 70, fortifies, 402.; Rommel auacks from, defeat off, 166 ~J5, 14), 1S},198, 319, H4, }79, }9S 409; British Eighth Army attacks, Mathis, First lieutenant jack W.: in Menton (France): occupied by Italy, 4'S action, 413 10Ij anti~ltalian posters in, 1-43 Margerie, Roland de: wants to fight on, Matsuoka, Yosuke: Stalin's remark to, Menzies, Sir Stuart: and Intelligence for 8, 17J Stalin, }8S Mariampolc (Lithuania): Jews Maruson, Sara: sheltered and saved, Merano (Italy): Jews deported to murdered at, 2.1} 6}3 Auschwitz from, 462. Marianas Islands: planned conquest of, Mauban-Abucay Line (Philippines): Merapas Island (Singapore): J16; landings on, 5-4'; battles fOf, S-Hi Americans withdraw from, 193 clandestine oPerations on, 702. Japanese surrenders on, 711. Mauritius (Indian Ocean): 101; troops Merchant seamen: attacked after being Maribor (Yugoslavia): Hitler visits, from, fight at Bir Hakeim, 187; an torpedoed, SOO, S09"""IO 178; German troops still in action 'Ultra' listening post at, 4~9 Mergui (Burma): Japanese surrender near (II May ]94S), 69} Mauthausen (Austria): concentration at, 72.5 Marienbad (Czechoslovakia): Jews camp at, I I 3; Poles sent to, J 1.7; jews Mermagen, Tubby: and the French killed in, 674 sent to, IS8, 10S; Czech women and surrender, 98 Marienburg (East Prussia): Hitler meets children sent to, 332.i a mass execution Merritt, Lieutenant-Colonel: at Horthy at, 1}1; British prisoners-of­ in, s89; 'handle the load yourself', 608; Dieppe,354 war encounter a ·death march' near, Red Cross at, 670; 'a thousand men Mers-el-Kebir (Algeria): French naval 6}3; Red Army halted near, 6}4 must still die every day' in, 674; base at, 106; British bombardment of, Maricnwerder (East Prussia): German American troops reach, 688 1°7; and France's 'honour" 133 troops reach, 188 'Max': parachuted into France, 187 Me.. a Matruh (Egypt): a body washed Marigny (Normandy): an Allied Maxim Gorlty (Soviet cruiser): in ashore at, 18S; British fall back to, deception at, 531 action, 131 n6; General Kreipe brought to, S'9 Marinenko, Captain: sights German Maximov, Ivan: crosses Lake Ladoga, Messe, General: in Tunisia, 4]5 troop transports, 194 .6, Messina (Italy): bombed, 440; Mantz,< (Italian fuel ship): sunk, 161 May, Dr Alan Nunn: passes on American forces enter, 451 Mariupol (southern Russia): uranium, 702. Messina, Straits of (Sicily-Italy): evacuation from, 2.06; Germans reach, May, Doris: and Rommel's threat to Germans withdraw to Italy across, 141; Germans retreat :-0, 2.67; and Palestine, 337 451; Allies invade Italy across, 457 Germany's Caspian Sea plans, }66 Mayakovsky Metro Station (Moscow): Messmer, Captain Pierre: ar Bir Mariveles Mountains (Philippines): 194 Stalin speaks in, 1S} Hakeim, 187 Markklccberg (near Leipzig): slave Mayer (a British commando): his fate, Metaxas, General John: and the labour at, S81 41} liberation of Albania, '4} Marlag (near Hamburg): and an Allied Mayo, Lieutenant T. P.: shot down, but Metkovic (Yugoslavia): German units air raid, nearby, 61. evades capture, 40"'" attacked ncar, S09 Marquise-Mimoyecqucs (near Calais): Mazaniuk, Elena: kills a killer, }6} Metlika (Yugoslavia): and a planned bombed, SS6 Mazignen (France): parachutists at, 56~ Allied escape line, s08 (France): an escapee reaches, 'Meat Grinder' (two Jima): fighting at, Metz (France): German troops at, 89; I p; Jewish orphans sent to their 64} von Kluge commits suicide on the way death. from, }9S; a member of the Meaux (France): Germans to enter, 91 to, 571; Americans enter, 614 Milice killed in, 411; Allies enter, S81 Mechclen-sur-Meuse (Belgium): a Metzger, Max Josef: executed, S,6 Marseillaisc, the: sung in Paris (August plane crash ncar, )8 Meurer, Captain Manfred: shot down, ]944), S7}; sung in Indo-China (May Medal of Honour: awarded, 171, 311- and killed, 49' 1945),69'-} }, 4'}, 604, 618, 6}4, 661, 694-S Meuse River (Belgium, Holland): Manh, john: and Hirohito's visit to MOdaille Militaire: awarded, }17 German troops cross, 61, 6.; Allies London (]97]), 74'-1 Medenine (Tunisia): a defence line at, cross, 584; Germans drive towards, Marshall, General George c.: and aid 397; Rommel defeated at, 409 61~; Churchill views baule east of, to Britain, 81; and preparations Medmenham (England): photo 6S1 against Japan, 1S}; and the interpretation at, 513, S11 Mexico: an escapee returns to Germany Philippines, 188; and aid to Egyp<, Medyn (Russia): Germans to withdraw through, 114 H7; and aid to Russia, }9/i; and the to, 174; a battle west of, 18<4- Mexico, Gulf of: and German bombing of Rome, <4- 3 5; and the Mcgara (Greece): evacuation from, 176 submarincs, JI8 liberation of Prague, 680; his Me;" Kampf' (Hitler): and Meyer, ss Lieutenant-Colonel Kurt: comprehensive aid plan, 731-3 Communism, 36 and the killing of prisoners-of-war, Marshall Aid: launched, 7J1-} Meindl, Major-General: wounded, 184 B5; withdraws into Caen, SB; tried, Marshall Islands: American air attacks Meine! (French merchant steamer): 717; released, 7}8 on, 2.97; American landings on, 49' sunk, III Mga (near Leningrad): Germans Martel, Major-General G_ Ie Q_: in Mclitopol (southern Russia): a German occupy, 2.18; Russians recapture, 130; action, 70 defence line at, 451 Germans in renewed occupation of, Martin, Flight-Lieutenant Trevor. and Melun (France): sabotage near, }'4 2.66; Hbetation of, 490 Churchill's flight to view the battle, Member of the British Empire: MJ_9: and escapees, 316 6S1 awarded,611 Miami (Florida): German submarines Marxstadt (Volga): deportations from, Memel: and Hitler's 'mission', 11; to be off, no 1}1 bombed, 198; besieged, 601; German Michael, King of Roumanio: and the Mary, Queen: 104 forces trapped in, 618; Hitler orders Soviet·Roumanian armistice, 574 Maryland (US battleship): hit by a evacuation of, by sea, 6}1 Michalowice (Poland): Poles shot in, kamikaze pilot, 617 'Memphis Belle': bombing missions of, 435 INDEX

Michelin Marcel: killed by an Allied 202; the froO[ near, 1.04; mopping up Washington, 160; replaced as Soviet bomb,58• operations near, 1.09; a German Premier by Stalin, 18

820 INDEX

Morden, Miss: in France, 94; killed, 183 depotted from }+4-5; and an Allied convoys to, 31.S, 317; Anglo·Sovier Morden Hill (London): a 'Flying Bomb' deception plan, 491-3; German units Intelligence c~peration in, 441 at, 570 at, attacked, 509; a German defence Muroc (southern California): a dummy More, Lieutenant Kenneth: in action, lint at, 615 atomic bomb dropped at, 505 47' Mouen (Normandy): prisoners-of-war Murphy, Audie: wounded, 634 Morgenstern, Jacqudine: deported, killed at, 541 Murwick (northern Germany): a 57'; murdered, 669 Moulin, Jean: parachuted into France, suicide at, 695 Morgenlhau, Henry: his 'goodwill', 66; 2.86-,; arrested, 434-S; dies, 43S; his Mu.",hi (Japanese battleship): sunk, and the future of Germany, 591 remains honoured ('964),740 606 'Morgenthau Plan', the: and the future Moulmein (Burma): Japanese try to Muslims (of Bosnia): mutiny by, 458 of Germany, 591 escape through, 705; continued Mussert, Anton: hanged, 719 Morison, Samuel Eliot: and a 'sour fighting near, 711 MussoHni, Benito: nervous of war, 37- note' to victory, 718 Moun! Elbruz (Caucasus): German 8; meets Hitler, so, 98, I}O, 1}5, 15}, MoraM (New Guinea): Americans troops climb, 3B, }54 itS, 4"U, H9; declares war on France reach,417 Mount Suribachi (Iwo Jima): Amencan and Britain, 90; Hitler confides in, 'Morland': a clandestine group, in flag raised on, 64~-} 134; invades Greece, 1}5; his troops France, 475 Mountbarten, Lord Louis! at Namso5, driven back into Albania, '43; Morocco: troops from, in action, 69, 58; off Holland, 59; his nephew in setbacks to, in the Mediterranean and '00, 511; an Allied landing on, 347 action, 14S; off Crete, ISS; and the North Africa, 143, 149, 156; fails to Moron (Philippines): Japanese troops Dieppe raid, 354; and the surrender persuade France, 157; and the German sent from, 195 of Japanese forces in South-East Asia, invasion of Russia, 194,201; at Brest­ Moratai Island (Moluccas): American 7~3 Litovsk with Hitler, 2.2.7; at Uman landing on, S92. Mozdok (Caucasus): Germans with Hitler, 2.2.7; and Malta, 318; a Morrison, Herbert: and the 'Flying withdraw to, 385; Germans driven rumour con.:erning, circulates in the Bomb', 548 from, 391 Warsaw Ghetto, 31.4; tlies to Mortain (Normandy): American Mozhaisk (Russia): battle near, 145; Cyrenaica, 337; returns to Italy, 338; defence at, 566; Hitler orders attack ablaze, 2.46; Russians recapture, 2.91 'weakMss' of, -410; Hatler 'rescues', on, 567 Mozyt (Russia): and a Soviet defence 447,461; shot, 676 Moscow: Ribbentrop in, 16; a German· line, 2.01, 1.05; Germans driven from, Mutanchiang (Manchuria): batrle at, Soviet commercial treaty signed in, 489 710 44; a report to Tokyo from, 45; Mrocza (Poland); an atrocity at, 6 'Mutt': a double agent (,Jack'), ~H, 4B negotiations with Finland in, 47; Mstislavl (Russia): murder of Jews in, Muzio Atundolo (Italian light cruiser): Russo·Finnish Treaty signed in, 48, 155 sunk, 384 49; German plans against, 114, 144, Mud: on the Eastern front, impedes the Myers, Major J.: forces down a 147; air defences of, 172.; Soviet­ Germans, 2..44, 2.S4 German iet aircraft, 583 Japanese Neutrality Pack signed in, Muhlhausen (Germany): a counter­ Myitkyina (Burma): 316; a sabotage 173; Soviet defence preparations secn, attack from, defeated, 659 mission towards, 4°4; an advance to. on iourney to, 177; evacuation of Mukden (Manchuria): Soviet forces 506; captured, 547 factories from, 179; prepares for war, occupy, 717 Myslowice (East Upper Silesia): a slave 194; an Evacuation Council set up in, 'Mulberry': an artificial harbour, 468, labour camp at, 515 199; German advance towards, 2.04; 5}8 factory evacuations from 2.06; to Muller, General Friedrich-Wilhelm: Nachi (Japanese heavy cruiser): badly 'disappear" 2.07~ 2.08~i German executed, 731 damaged, 4'5 advance towards 1.10, 2.1l,; bombed, Milller, s s Lieutenant-General Naga Hills (India): an attack on Burma 2.17. 2.17, 2.52.; and Hitler's strategy, Heinrich: and mass murder, 2.2.1, J,s; from, 506 1.2.5.2.30, 2.}2., 139; German assault asks for volunteers, 598 . Nagasaki (Japan): an atomic bomb on, 1.41-2., 1.43-4, 2.45; defence of, 2.46. Milller, Dr Joseph: the secret misslon dropped on, 715-6; continuing deaths 2.51 temperature falls to below zero at of,58""9 at, 72.5 (I> November 19."), '55; continuing Munich: an attempt on Hitler's life in, Nagoya (Japan): bombed, J'7, 648, 708 battle for, 2.59-60, 162., 163, 1.64, 2.65, 2.6,2.9; Hitler returns to, 351 "" IJ9, Nagumo, Admiral: has himself killed, 267,2.68,2.70; German losses in battle 473; Hitler's rebuilding plans fot, 104; 5B for, 2.81; supplies to, arrive from bombed, 139, .po; and an antj·Semitic Nagykanizsa (Hungary): oil wells at, Archangel, 2.84-S; a complaint to, film, l.51i Jews deported from, 2.63; 509; captured, 657 from Tito, 395i a partisan medal Flak Towers to be built in, }65; Hitler Naha (Okinawa): Japanese defend, issued in, 399; an agreement reached learns of Allied North African 668,697 in, for no separate peace, 468; landings while on hiS way to, 375i Nakagawa, Lieutenant: recalls German prisoners·of-war in, 556; anti· Nazi leaflets in 404; a second executions of prisoners·of·war, 1.97, Churchill and Stalin discuss the post­ attempt on Hitler's life in, 414; a }01 war Europe in, 600; Poles and a Swede possible stronghold south of, Nakamura Camp Uapan): prisoners­ taken as prisoners to, 6S4; abandoned, 670; von Greim ordered of·war in, liberated, 71S celebrations in, 673, 701; Dr Adenauer to fly to Berlin from, 672., 673; Nakom Paton (Thailand): liberation reaches agreement in, on return of American troops enter. 680 comes to, 718 German prisoners-af-war, 738 'Munich': a deception, 541 Nakhik (Caucasus): Germans driven "Moscow Highway·: panisans active Munk, Ka;: murdered, 488 from }9' along, 35'-3 Munster (Germany): the bishop of, Nalewki (Warsaw): bombed, 8; a Moscow University: heroism of a protests, 1..2.4; bombed, 649 reprisal in, 1.8 graduate from, 339 Munthe-Kaas, Colonel: and the Namsos (Norway): landing at, H; Moscow Young Communist League: Norwegian surrender, 88 evacuation of, 58 members of, executed, 181 Muntok (Sumatra): fate of civilian Namu Island (Marshall Islands): MosjOen (Norway): British troops at, internees at, 63S Americans land on, .. 96 61 Murillo: paintings by, taken to safety, Namur (Belgium): 'lost', 67 Mosley, Sir Oswald: imprisoned, 70 ~06 Nancy (France): bombed, 6.; a

Nanking (China): ~6~ Nerissa (a troop transport): sunk, 178 and his dealh, 654-5 Nanning (China): Japanese enter, 6[-4; Nesterenko, Lyuba: her heroism, 365 Newpott (Wales): a bomber crashes on, Japanese evacuate, 696 'Nestor': a sabotagr circuit, 543 1~5 Nantes (France): troops embarked Nestor (Australian destroyer): crippled, Neumann, Peter: witnesses an atrocity, from, 98; Germans occupy. 100i 333 205 reprisals in, 2.47; American forces Netherlands, the: see index entry for Neu Dachs (East Upper Silesia): a reach, 568 Holland labour camp at, 51.4 Naotake, Sato: and Japan's willingness Nelleiton, John Dering: his skIll Neuengamme (near Hamburg): 10 end the war (June 19~5), 701 rewarded, .JI7 medical experiments at, S7], 6I1; an Napalm bomb: in usc: against the Neue Zurich.r Zeitung (Zurich): execution near, 669; an 55 officer Japanese, 702 reports 'deep anxiety' in Germany, from, brought to trial, 74] (Italy): a warship sunk at, 384; 45 0 Neukermans, Pierre Richard: executed, bombed, 418; an Allied objective, -452.; Neutrality Act: partly repealed 511 a revolt in, 464; an Allied task force (November 1939), ~5; bypassed (May Neukiilln (Berlin): Russians reach, 674 sails from, -491j American rroops 1940),67 Neumunstet (Germany): a suicide in, leave, for the Pacific, 703 Neva River (Leningrad): naval guns in 73 1 Naples, Bay of (Italy): battle for Islands action on, 2.2.8; German troops fail to Newfoundland: 67, ~U; German in, 461 cross, 2.Pi a salute on, 495 submarine attack off, 348 Napoleon: Hitler visits tomb of, 102.; Nevada (US battleship): at Pearl Newsweek (New York): and a Japanese his march to Moscow (1812), 197; his Harbour, 2.68 army sergeant on Guam (1972.),740- crossing of the Rhine (1805), 6~8 (Russia): 2.14; a Sovirt offensive I : Hitler's reference to, against, 480 Nezhin (Ukraine): battle near, '31; 6 1 7 Nevers (France): occupied, 100; fighting Soviet forces enter. 462 Naro-Fominsk (near Moscow): an anti­ ncar, 100 Niblack (US destroyer): drops depth tank ditch at, 2.46; Germans driven New Britain (Pacific): an American charges, 172. back from, 1.66 landing on, 481; advances on, 486 Nice (France): a Resistance group in, (Estonia): 16; a German ddence New Georgia Island (Pacific): American 471 line at, 451 reinforcements to, 439; Japanese Nichiporovich, Colonel: forms a Narvik (Norway); and German iron tenacity on, 447 partisan unit. 209 orc, 37,42; plans and counterplans New Guinea (Pacific): struggle for, 307, Nicholas II, Tsar of all the : foc, 45. 48,5°; German landings at, 3n, 338, HI, 145, 346, 355,361 ,375, 188 53i naval attack on, 54; British 378, 384, 387, 391, 393; resistance in, Nicholson, Brigadier C. N.: at Calais, landings near, 55, 56; a French landing gradually overcome, 396, 408, ~59, 75--6 near, 64; a British landing at, 78; 477,481, 486, 4~5; further landings Nickhoff, General: surrenders, 689 evacuation from, 83, 86, 89, 93; and a on, 519, 542.; a Rank attack on, Nicolson. Flight Lieutenant James: his deception plan, ~47 forestalled, 510; naval engagement off, bravery rewarded, lI8; killed on a Nashville (US cruiser): hit by suicide 52.1; last battle on, 562.; an island off, bombing mission, 682-3 pilots, 6I7 captured, 584; becomes independent, Nicosia (Cyprus): German prisoners­ Natzweiler (Alsace): medical 730; war's debris recovered in, 741 of-war at work near, 730 experiments at, 4}8; four British agents (Pacific): naval action in, Niederkriichten (Germany): an 55 (all women) killed in, 555 ~61 General returns home to, 738 Naujocks, Alfred: and a successful New Jerusalem (near Moscow): Niedzialkowski, Mieczyslaw: killed, kidnap, 26 Germans reach, 2.62. 104 Naumburg-on-Saale (Germany): a New Mexico (US battleship): hit in a Niedzinski (a Polish miller): his deportee dies at, 498 suicide attack, 62.7 punishment, ]2.7 Nauplia (Greece): evacuation from, 175 New Orleans (US heavy cruiser): Niehoff, Rolf: captured, ~5 Nauru Island (pacific): a naval skirmish damaged, 384 Niemoller, Pastor Martin: liberated, near, 91; sheJled, 144 New Southgate (London): a 'Flying 686 Nautsi (Finland): successfully Bomb' at, 576 Nieswiez (eastern Poland): the fare of a defended, 34 New World: sea communications with prisoner-of-war in, 2.02.; Jews escape Navlya (Russia): Soviet partisans Old World endangered, 41~ from, 345 regroup near, 361 New York: aid to Britain sails from, Nierslein (Rhine): a bridgehead at, 651 Navy and Marine Corps Medal: 106, 107; a German spy in, [32.; a Nieuport (Belgium): arrack on, 7~ awarded (to J. F. Kennedy), ~~9 German escapee in, IS4; German Niger (British minesweeper): sunk, 340 Nawcz (Poland): sick evacuees submarines off, 302., 330; singing and 'Night and Fog' decree: ~~ murdered at, 633 dancing in, 673; a speech in, asserting (Holland): a parachute Nazdab (New Guinea): Allies seize, 459 'we must act as a great power', 71.8; landing at, 593; German Jets in action Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact: 9, American war dead brought back to, over, 599; a plan to advance from, 62, 17~ 7B; a museum opened in, on the 639 Nazism: leaRers denounce evils of, 46; aircraft carrier Intrepid, 742 Nikitin, General: killed in action, 201 its tyranny, 51; its anti-Semitic New York: Times: reveals details of Nikitin, Ivan: a panisan. in action, 407 ideology, 144; an appeal for the German rocket bomb attacks, S89; Nikolaiev, Alexander: in action at overthrow of, 450; a critic of, describes arrival of 'Rekh technicians' Prokhorovka, 443 executed, 549 in Boston, 72.4 Nikolayev (southern Russia): Russians Neave, Airey: escapes, 2.88 New Zealand: [Coops from, in Greece, evacuate, 2.24; Jews and Russians Nebc, 55 General Arthur: and methods 174, 175; troops from, on Crete, 180, murdered in, 2. 39. 2.-46 of mass murder, 2.2.0; Hitler to be kept 184,186, troops from, in North Nile Delta (Egypt): a German informed by, 2.2.1 Africa, Z59, 338, 358, 371, ~09, ~16, submarine sunk off, 373-4 Neisse River (Western Neisse): Red 42.2.; declares war on Finland, Nimi, Vice-Admiral Masaichi: no Army crosses, 668; and Poland's post­ Hungary and Roumania, 2.70; a pilor: surrender [0, 2.80 war borders, 706, 710 from, wins the Victoria Cross, 42.5; Nimitz, Admiral Chester: orders a news Nehru, Jawaharlal: alarmed, 316; and troops from, in the Far East, 471; blackout, 617 a 'brave adventure', 72.4-5 tJoops from, in Italy, 509,601,660; Nis (Yugoslavia): 170 Nelson (US destroyer): sunk, 538 war dead of, 514 Nishinomiya-Mikage (Japan): Neman River: Napoleon's crossing of Newlands (Kent, England): a 'Flying bombed,7" (.812),198; battle al (19~1), 1~9 Bomb' shot down over, 544 Nishizaw3, Hiroyoshi: dies, 606 'Nemo': escapes, 392. Newman, Captain Isadore: his exploits, Nissenthal, Jack: al Dieppe, ~54 INDEX

Nitsche, Professor: and the gassing of 36.2.-3, 379, 404; warships from, Cross): awarded, 491, S66; a recipient concentration camp inmates, 2.77i and pounce 'like terriers' 369; further of, executed for war crimes, 732. euthanasia, 508 executions in, 373; German bombers Oak Leayes with Swords and Nizami (a poet): his Sooth anniversary, moye from, 374, 377; and 'Aryan­ Diamonds (to Knight's Cross): 146 Nordic' stud farms, 390""1; forced awarded to Rommel, 406; awarded to Nobel Prize, the: 119,634 labour from, .... 1; and the fate of the an air ace, 482., 611, 659 NO< (France): Jews at, 310 Tirpitz, .. 63; resistance, and reprisals Oakley (British destroyer): sunk, 333 Nogui:s, General A. P.: accepts in, 466; and German heavy wate,. 319, Oak Ridge (Tennessee): and the atomic armistice, 103 37~, 404, 475, 500; and an Allied bomb,399 Nong Pladuk (Thailand): Allied deception plan, 494, So6, 52.1, 513, Oberammergau (Bavaria): rockets and prisoners-of-war accidentally killed 5H, HO; and I-iitler's view of Allied scientists reach, 6 .. 3; scientists at, by Allied bombs, 616-7 strategy, S30; German troops in, being surrender to the Americans at, 683 Noor : her Resistance moved to the Silesian Front, 638, 640; Obersalzberg (Bayaria): Hitler at, 109, activities, 438; shot, 590; her Hitler determined to hold, 669; former Ill, ll3-4, 143, 153,438--9,440 ; posthumous awards, 718; her Army Commander-in-Chief of, Hitler designs a shelter for, 480; interrogator hanged, 734 Iiberated,671 Hitler's outburst against the Jews at, Norcia (Italy): sabotage at, 540 'Norwegian Front': creation of, as a 51 7-8 Nordhausen (Germany): underground focus of resistance, 12.8'"""9 Oberursel (Germany): an Intelligence rocket factory built at, ".5'3, ,.2.1.; mass Norwich (England): bombed, 319 officer surrenders at, 695 evacuations to, 632.i rockets Nothomb, Baron Jean-Frall\'ois de 'Oboe': a radio beam bombing device, despatched to America from, 695; ('Franco'): arrested, 490 first usc of, 389 scientists spirited away from, 700 Novaya Ladoga (Lake Ladoga): trucks O'Caliagan, Private William: survives Norfolk (England): and a deception abandoned near, 161 a massacre, 76-7 plan, 513 Noygorod (Russia): a SoYiet counter­ Ocean Island (Pacific): Japanese Norfolk (British heavy cruiser): offensive launched near, 2.88 occupy, 355 attacked,49 Novgornd-Volynsk (western Russia): Ochota (Poland): reprisals at, 4~8; Norland regiment (ss): established, 56 on the eve of war, 196; a defence line subjugated, 565 Normandy (France): and a deception at, 2.05 October Revolution (Soviet battleship): plan, 491; and Hitler's view of Allied Novi Sad (Yugoslayia): Hungarians in action, 1.31 strategy, SJO; landings on, postponed, enter, 17J.i Jews and Serbs murdered Odense (Denmark): murders in, 488 HI; and the D-Day deceptions, 531- at,193 Oder River: a 'death march' towards, 3; and the first glider landings in,s 33; Novorossiisk (southern Russia): a 631; Soviet troops cross, 63:1.; Soviet battle in, 534~; the continued German objective, HS; Soyiet tanks cross, 635-6; a further Soviet deception in, 536-7, 541-1, 545~, partisans near, 361, 383; a Soviet crossing of, 639i Hitler's lasr visit to, 555; Allied reinforcements for, 543, landing near, 399; Soviet forces enter, 648; Red Army drives towards Berlin 549, 55 I; Hitler refuses German ~61 from, 666, 667i and the post-war reinforcements for, 556; last phase of Nowotny, Walther: killed, 611 borders of Poland, 706, 710 battle in, ,561, 566, 567; continued usc Noworo!, Waclaw: sentenced to death, Oder-Neisse Line: established, 710 of beachhead a" 585 ~71 (Soyiet Union): Soviet troop Normandy Squadron: in action on the Nowy San (southern Poland): a death preparations near, 179; bombed, 198; Eastern Front, 441, 556 sentence in, 472. 'not to be surrendered', 2.2..2.; North America: Hitler denies designs Nuclear fission: German plans for evacuation of, begins, 1.-44; Jews on, 93 (1~3~), 14: American plans for (1939), murdered in, 1.46; Jews deponed North Atlantic T teary Organization 2.O'-2.J; see also index entry for Atomic from, 190; Germans remain in control (NATO): established, 719 Bomb Of,507

North Capc (Norway): 103 Nucourt (France): bombed, 543, 551-1 Oerhnt Captain: attacks convoys, I S7 North Carolina (US battleship): badly Numfoor Island (New Guinea): Ohio (US oil tanker): reaches Malta, 3S 3 damaged, 361 Americans capture, S84 Ohlendorf, Otto: hanged, for war North Caucasus (Soviet Union): Soviet Nuremberg (Bavaria): Hitler's crimes, 735 reinforcement from, [83; German rebuilding plans for, 10~, 135, 188; Ohrdruf (Germany): Americans enter, plans for, 193 Flak Towers to be built in, 365; 65~ North Sea: a British air raid acrOS5, S bombed, 40'7, .flo, S04, SIl.; anti-Nazi Oil: Soviet acquisirion of, 16; targets in NorthamptON (US heavy cruiser): sunk, leaflets distributed in, 411; Jews Germany, bombed, 67,77,98,99,102., 384 deported to Auschwitz from, 436; 119, ] 47; German designs on, in the Northern Prince (British merchant American forces reach outskirts of, Caucasus and at Baku, J 14,343.345, ship): sunk, 170 667; American forces occupy, 668; 3So, 354, 375; to have primacy as a Norway: and German iron are, 31; a suicides in, 71.4, 733; war crimes trials Bruish (arget, ...6, I S9; and Japan, protest from, 42.-3; German plans for, held in, 714, 731, 7H 179,188,633,708; and Malta, 311; 46, S.z.; Anllo-French plans for, So; (of 1935): intrnduced synthetic preparation of, by invaded, 53-4; unable to fight on, 57- in Luxemburg, [.2.7-8; one of their Germany, 32.6; installations for, at 8; last Allied resistance in, 6%., 64-05, authors, and the 'Final Solution', .191 Plocsti, bombed, 333, 435, 448; threat 65,78,83; future of, 85; Allied troops 'Nuts!'; in answer [0 a call to surrender, to, in the Persian Gulf, 348i and on their way to France from, 86; 611 Rommel, 357-8, 371, 387, 388, 3~4, fighting ends in, 87, 89; 'strangers' in, Nyiszli, Dr Miklos: an etc-witness, 549; 406; and the German forces at 92.; soldiers of, in Britain, II 3; an act liberated, 688 Stalingrad, 388; and the bartle for of defiance in, 147; a resistance group Tunis, 415, 42.6; and the German in, lSI; demonstrations in, 172.; 'OK': a double agent, 155 occupation of Hungary, 509; and German troops advance from, t.04; ONS 5: a transatlantic convoy, 41S Auschwitz-Monowirz, S[3-4, 51 9-30 , Jews deported from, 105, 370; Oahu (Hawaii): warships to be sent 578,580,590-1,611,631; and the commandos from, land on away from, 2.63 mining of the Danube, SIS; American Spitzbergen, .1.1,6; mass arrnts in, and Oak Hill (US landing ship): sunk, 717 air assaults (May 1944), 513, 51~; and executions, 2.3.2.; granite from, Hitler's Oakland (California): bad news, and Ultra, 513, 59],616; shortage of, plans for, 1)5; and 'Fortress Europc', good, arrive at, 6)5 among German units in France (June ~83; Prim; Euge" torpedoed off, 301- Oak Leayes (to Knight's Cross): 1944), 5}1, 535, 5}6; targets 3; Lutheran clergy in, protelt, 31S; and awarded, 87, 338, 4~1, 510, 559, 566, throughout Germany, bombed heavy-water, Jl9, J79; resistance and 570, 581, 6~0 (~44), 576""7; and the Soviet reprisals in, 32.1; sabotqe missionl to, Oak Leayco with Swords (to Knight's occupation of Ploesti. S83; Germany's INDEX

Oil: Soviet acquisition of-contd. 'Operation Apple': against Japanese 'Operation Cj': possible German 'greatest worry'. 6 [6, 62.2.; and the forces in China, 702. occupation of Malta, 318 Ardennes offensive, 6:u.; and the 'Operation Archery': against western '': to reinforce switch of Allied air priorities to Berlin­ Norway, 183 Malta, 318 Dresden-Leipzig, 638, 640; and the 'Operation Argument': against German 'Operation Cannibal': reconquest of continued bombing of German aircraft faCtories, soo Burma, 391; fails, "08 synthetic plants for, 641; and the 'Operation Ariel': French coast 'Operation Carpetbagger': air supplies German counter-offensive towards evacuations, 98 to resistance forces in Western Budapest, 6.6, 651; Germany's last 'Operation Attica': along the Black Sea Europe, 486 hope of (in Hungary) lost, 657; and shore, 363 'Operatlon Cartwheel': recapture of the cancellation of the Ruhr counter­ 'Operation Attila ': against Vichy Rabaul,439 offensive, 659 France, 146; postponed, 169 'Operation Castigo': bombing of Oise River (France): Germans reach, 68 'Operation Autumn Mist': German Belgrade, 170 Oka River (Russia): battle neaf, 2.62., Ardennes offensive, 618 'Operation Catapult': against the 26 5 '': Allied landing French Fleet, 105, 107 Okecie airport (Warsaw): battle fOf, in Italy, 459, 460 'Operation Catchpole': against the 564 'Operation Axis': the German Japanese on Eniwetok, 499 Okinawa Island (Japan): a occupation of Italy, 459 'Operation Centreboard': against transport ship torpedoed off, 597-8; 'Operation Backfire'; a British Hiroshima,711· a naval action off, 60J; American launching of a German rocket, 72.4 'Operation Cerebus': a German naval landings on, 6S5~; mass suicide 'Operation Backhander': an American exploit, 300 arracks at, 660; continuing battle on, landing on New Britain, 481 'Operation Character': an Intelligence 662.,671-4.683.692.,694; naval losses '': the Red Army mission, before the recapture of off, 693; and the 'Sugar Loaf' battle, offensive of June 1944, 5.... Rangoon, 667-8; continued 694-5; and a final Japanese air 'Operation Bamberg': a German sweep operations of (umil 8 September offensive, 696; continuing Japanese against Soviet partisans, 308--9 1945),722 opposition on, 697--Olovo (Yugoslavia); Tito driven from, 'Operation Biting': a cross-Channel the Cherbourg Peninsula, 561 288 raid,30 4 'Operation Cockpit': against Japanese Olschanesky, Sonia: a British agent, 'Operation Black I and II': an antl­ oil installations, 708 kllled,555 partisan sweep in Yugoslavia, 42.4, 'Operation Collar': war supplies to 'Omaha' Beach (Normandy): landing 430-1,436 Malta and Egypt, 143 at, 534 'Operatlon Blood and Ashes': against 'Operation Colossus': against an Italian Ombrone River (Italy): Americans French Resistance fighters, 52.1 viaduct, 157 reach, 540 'Operation Blucher': German offensive 'Operation Conjuror': flying in agents Ommaney Bay (US aircraft carner); into the Caucasus, 341 to occupied France, 475 sunk in SUicide attack, 62.7 'Operation Blue': German summer 'Operation Corkscrew': Allied capture Onega, Lake (northern Russia); Finns offensive in Russia, '9"2., 3to, 338 of Pantellena, 42.6, 437 advance to, 228, 2"P; reinforcements 'Operarion Bluebottle': rescuing . Operation Cormorant': a German group near, 2.67 prlsoners-of-war, 360 anti-partisan sweep in White Russia, 'Operation Abercrombie': against the 'Operation Bowery': aircraft for Malta, 43 1 French coast, 318-9 323-4 'Operatlon Corncob'; againsr bridges '': an attack on 'Operatlon Brassard': the capture of in northern Italy, 669 Tobruk,360 Elba, 542 'Operation Coronet': the planned 'Operation Aida'; Rommel's thrust into 'Operation Breviry'; against Rommel, invaSIOn of Honshu Island (japan), Egypt, 337 18) 659--';60,728 'Operation Alaric'; the German 'Operation Brutus': a parachute drop 'Operation Cottbu$': against Soviet occupation of Italy, .. 30 in BelgIum, 587 partisans and villagers, 435 '': the Allied 'Operation Buffalo': a German tactical 'Operation Countenance': Anglo­ evacuation of Narvik, 78 retreat in RUSSia, .p 4 Soviet occupation of Iran, 116 'Operation Ambassador': against 'Operation Bulbasket': sabotage in '': bombing Guernsey, 110 France, 551 'Flying Bomb' sites, 479, 52.9 'Operation Amsterdam': an Ailled 'Operation Bunkum': a landing on a '': against escape line, by air from Slovakia, 593- Japanese-occupied island, 394 Rommel,259 4,59!H>00 'Operation Burdock': a German antl­ 'Operation Darlington H': rescue of 'Operation Anthropoid'; contact with partisan sweep, 390 Allied prisoners-of-war, 517 the Czech resistance, 183-" 'Operation C': against Ceylon, 31 .. 'Operation Deadlight': post-war INDEX

sinking of German submarines, 'Operation Gunnerside': an attack on a 'Operation Kutuzov': a Soviet offensive 7'7 heavy-water plant in Norway, 404 against Orel, 443 'Operation Demon': evacuation of 'Operation Gunther': a German antt· 'Operation Landgrab': against the Allied troops &om Greece, '76 partisan sweep, ncar Smolensk:, 441 Japanese on Attu Island, 4,6 ~Operation Dexterity': an American 'Operation Gypsy Baron': a German 'Operation Leopard': landing arms in landing in New Guinea, 486 anti-partisan sweep, in Russia, ~8 Algeria, ~ 75 'Operation Disclaim': aid to Yugoslav 'Operation Hailstorm': against the 'Operation Lila': seizure of ships at parrisans, 198 Japanese on T ruk, 499 , ~83 'Operation Dracula': to take Rangoon, 'Operation Hamburg': a German anti­ 'Operation Loincloth': behind 68. partisan sweep, 39S Japanese lines in Burma, "04 '': against southern 'Operation Hanover': against SOViet 'Operation Lustre': British troops to France, 568; its side effects (on partisans, 32.9 Greece, 161 Warsaw and in Italy), 570 'Operation Harvest Home': a German 'Operation Magic Flute': against Soviet 'Operation Drum Roll': a German anti-partisan sweep, 394 partisans, 41.0 submarine offensive, 1.90, 304 'Operation Hare Chase': against Soviet 'Operation Malana': against Soviet 'Operation Dynamo': the Dunkirk partisans, ~99 partisans, 198 evacuation, 75-83 'Operation Handcuff: a British plan, to 'Operation Manna': British landings in 'Op~ration Eagl~': against Sovi~t seize Rhodes, .. 6 I Greece, S98 partisans, 34.5 'Operation Harvest': recovery of 'Operation Manna': Allied food 'Operation Enclose': against German wartime aircraft (1975), 741 supplies for Holland, 678--, submarines, ,,1-4 'Operation Harvest Home II': against 'Operation Margaret': German '': aid to Greece, 1-48 Soviet partisans, 398 occupation of Hungary, 508 'Operation Exporter': against Syria and 'Operation Hats': reinforcements to 'Operation Madta': against Gr~ece, Lebanon, .88--, Egypt, 11.1. 146 'Operation Extended Capital': into 'Operation Hermann': a German anti­ 'Operation Market Garden': to seize a Burma, 613 partisan sweep, 445 bridge on the Rhine (at Arnhem), 593 'Operation Fabius': an invasion 'Operation Heydrich': against Czechs 'Operation Marsh Fever': against practice landing, 51.0 and Jews, H', 3}6 Soviet partisans, )05 'Operation Felix': the seizure of 'Operation Himmler': a border 'Operation Masterdom': to forestall Gibraltar, 1-41, 145 deception, I Communists in Indo-China, 711 'Op~ration Fish Trap': against the 'Operation Hurricane': a German anti­ 'Operation Mastiff: medicines by Allies at Anzio, 497 partisan sweep, in Poland, 537 parachute, in the Far East, 71.1 'Operation Flap': behind German lines 'Operation Hurricane 11': against Polish 'Operation Menace': the seizure of in northern Italy, 61} partisans, S41 Dakar, 1.2.7 '': codeword for the 'Operation Husky': Allied landings on 'Operation Mercury': the invasion of assassination of Hitler (March 1943), Sicily, 41.3 Crete, 176 4" 'Operation Hydra': air raid on German 'Operation Meridian': against Japanese 'Operation Flight': Jewish refugees set rocket establishment, 453 oil refineries, 631 off for Palestine, 72.6 'Operation Ibex': German air raids on 'Operation Millenium': bombing of 'Operation Floating Chrysanthemum': London and southern England, "91, Cologne, ~,8 a Japanese mass suicide pilot plan, 495 . 'Operation Mickey Mouse': German 660 'Operation Iceberg': the invasion of seizure of Admiral Horthy, 603 'Operation Forager': against the Okinawa, 655-7 'Operation Mileposl': final Anglo- Japanese in the Marianas Islands, S"I 'Operation Indigo': a landing on American military aid to Russia, 6S8 '': and an Allied Iceland, 108 '': on Allied deception, 494, 537, 542; ends, 557 'Operation Infatuate': the seizure of deception plan, 5'3-4 'Operation Fortitude South': an Allied Walcheren Island, 610 'Operation Minerva': the rescue of deception plan, 494 'Operation Ironclad': against General Giraud, ~75 'Operation Frantic Joe': American Madagascar, 313 'Operation Mongoose': an American bomber offensive, 530; and the 'Operation Ironside': an Allied mission behind the lines in Italy, 597 Warsaw uprising, 596 deception plan, 494 'Operation Munich': a German sweep 'Operation Fritz': the German invasion 'Operation Isabella': Spanish and against Soviet partisans, 308 of Russia, 145 PorcugueSt! coastlines, 189 'Operation Munich II': against Sovi.et 'Operation Gain': a British landing 'Operation Jacob': a German anti­ partisans, }83 behind the lines in France, 541, SSl. partisan sweep, 460 'Operation Neptune': the cross­ 'Operation Galvanic': American, 'Operation Jael': and the Normandy Channel armada (5~ June 1944), 532 against three Pacific atolls, 476 Landings deception plan, 464 'Operation Noah's Ark': against the 'Operation Gardening': Allied 'Operation Jericho': against Amiens Germans in northern Greece, 58 .. minelaying in the Danube, SIS, HO prison, .. 99 'Operation North Pole': against British 'Operation Gaundet': commando raid 'Operation Jubilee'; a raid on Dieppe, agents in Holland, 334 on Spitzbergen, 1.2.6 353-4 'Operation North Sea': against Soviet 'Operation Giant': an Allied landing 'Operation Judgement': against the partisans, 358 near Rome, 459 Italian Fleet, 140 'Operation Oak Trcc': Hitler's 'Operation Globetrotter': capture of 'Operation Kapun': against the 'liberation' of Mussalini, "47, .. 61 Sansaport New Guinea, 561. Germans in the Harz Mountains, 666 'Operation Oboe III': liberation of 'Operation Gomorrah': the bombing of 'Operation Karlsbad': against Soviet Brunei,700 Hamburg, 434, 446, 447, 448 partisans, 1.44 'Operation Olympic': the planned '': the capture of 'Operation Keelhaul': fordble invasion of Kyushu Island (japan), Caen, 557 repatriation, after the war, 718 659, 691>, 7~5 'Operation Graff'ham': an Allied 'Operation Kennecott': and a deception 'Operation Olympus': against Greek deception plan, 494, 52.1. plan, 347 partisans, ,1.1-2. 'Operation Grayling': bombing of 'Operation Knight's Move': a German 'Operation Otto': fonifications on rhe Nuremberg, 511. attack against Arctic convoys, 33~40 Bug, U9, 181 'Operation Griffin': against Soviet 'Operation Knight's Move': a German 'Operation Overcast': to 'exploit' partisans, 352.-3 attempt to seize Tito, ,2.7 German scientific knowledge, 700 'Operation Grouse': parachutists into 'Operation Kottbus', against Soviet '', the eross- Norway, 379 partisans, HI Channel (Normandy) landings, 4S~, 82 5 INDEX

'Operation Overlord'-.:ontd. 'Operation Student': the German 'Operation XD': mouth of Scheldt, 61, -478,490-1,497, p.lo, 533; '3 source of occupation of Rome, 441 67 . joy' to Stalin, 536 'Operation Sunrise': against German 'Operation Yellow': Hitler'. Western 'Operation Overthrow': a deception warships, 1.16 war plan, 10, 37, 38, 58, 12.1 plan, 3<47 'Operation Surgeon': to obtain German 'Operation Z': the attack on Pearl 'Operation Panther'; an assault on aviation expertisc, 702.-3 Harbour, 161 Cassino, 490 'Operation Swallow': parachutists into 'Operation Zeppelin': an Allied 'Operation Paul': mining the Baltic, 78 Norway, 379, -40-4 deception plan, ~~4 'Operation Peacock': shooting down 'Operation Swamp Flower': against (Russia): Germans driven Admiral Yamamoto, 410 Soviet partisans, 340 from, SB 'Operation Pedestal': to reinforce 'Operation Taxable': an Allied Opoczno (Poland): Jews from, Malta, H2, H3 deception, ncar Boulogne, S31 deceived, and killed, J90 'Opera'rion Performance": a merchant 'Operation Tidal Wave': against the Oppeln (Silesia): Red Army crOs ... ship break-out, JI~ Ploesti oil fields, ~35, 448 Oder near, 6J2 'Operation Persecution ': landings on '': to reinforce Egypt, Oppenheim (Rhine): a bridgehead at, New Guinea, 519 175,180 6sr 'Operation Plunder': crossing the Rhine 'Operation Tiger': an invasion exercisc, Oppenheimer, j. Robert: and the below Cologne, 651-2 disrupted, 52.0 atomic bomb, S~S, 696 'Operation Pointblank': Allied '': an Allied dummy Oradea (Transylvania): Red Army bombing policy, 427 parachute drop, 532 enters, 601 'Operation Polar Bear'; against the 'Operation Tooth': decreed by Oradour-sur-Glane (France): a reprisal Dodecanese Islands, 46S Himmler, 128 action in, 5)7-8 'Operation Polar Bear 11': a German 'Operation Torch': Allied landing. in Oran (Algeria): 106, 107; Allied force. anti-partisan sweep, 390 North Africa, in prospect, 341, 371, disembark at, 375, 376 'Operation Providence': defence of 384, 37S; launched, 375; fails in its 'Orange II': a German cypher, brokco, northern New Guinea, l41 immediate objective, 402 2~7 'Operation Quadrangle': against Soviet 'Operation Totalize': a Normandy Oranienburg (north of Berlin): and partisans, 361 beachhead breakout, 566 German atomic energy research, 645; 'Operation Rainbow': against Allied 'Operation Tractable': Allied drive into bombed, 6"9-Jo; Jet 'massacre' Arctic convoys, 481 Falaise, 568 above, 661 'Operation Rainbow': the of 'Operation Triangle': against Soviet Orbeli, Professor [ooif: and a brief German submarines, [0 avoid partisans, 361 celebration, 2.4' surrender, 68,.-690 '': against Yugoslav ~Orchid': German communication key, 'Operation Ratweek': against the partisans, 313 broken, 407 Germans in Yugoslavia, 584 '': against the Order No. 227: 'Not one step 'Operation Regatta': against Soviet Tirpitz, sr 3 backward', 346 partisans, 366 'Operation Tunnel': to catch a German Order of the Garter: Hirohito invested 'O~ration Rmg': against the Germans merchant ship, 46~ with, 741-~ trapped at Stalinllrad, J~2 'Operation Typhoon': assault on : created, 473 '': an Allied Moscow, issued, 131; its operational : awarded (to four deception plan, 494 orders read by British Intelligence, Englishmen), 233; awarded (to eight 'Operation Rubble': rescue of merchant .t32.; given priority, 2.32-3; its top victims of Nazi terror), 1.81 ships, 153 secret orders, to be sent to Stalin, 239; : awarded, 127 'Operation Salmon Trap': against the launched,141- 1 Order of Suyurov: created, 346-;> Murmansx railway, 106 'Operation Typical': a British mission Order of Victory: created, 47J 'Operation Savannah': behind the line. to Tito, 430 Ordzhonikidze (Caucasus): German in France, 162.-3 'Operation Ursula': a Getman anti· plans for, 193i Germans halted at, 375 'Operation Sca Lion': the German plan partisan sweep, 401 Oregon (United States): a japanese to invade Britain, IIO, II3-4; '': the assassination submarine off, 336; japanese bombs abandoned, 130'-1 of Hitler, SSI, 5SS, H7-8 fall on, 35~ 'O~ration Seydlitz': a German anti­ 'Operation Veritable': against the Orel (Russia): Soviet reinforcements at, partisan sweep, 440 Germans south of Ni;megen, 639 2.08; captured, 141; Germans to 'Operation Shelburne': an Allied escape 'Operation Vesuvius': French withdraw to, 174i a battle west of, line, 4~S liberation of Corsica, 46I 18"i a German officer coun­ 'Operation Shingle': an Allied landing, '': supplies to martialled and executed at, H1j and at Anzio, 49I Malta, H3 the battle of Kursk, 424, 435, 443; 'Operation Silver Fox': against 'Operation Wallace': a sweep behind Soviet partisans active ncar, 444; Murmansk, 10lt German lines, S7J German forces withdraw from, 450 'Operation Slapstick ': the Allied seizure 'O~ration Warzburg': German mine­ Organization Todt: and the labour of , 460 laying in the Baltic, 189"""'90 camp system, 46; and a Soviet spy, 'Operation Snipe': a German anti· 'Operation Watchtower': against ISO; workers of, drowned, 303i and partisan sweep, -471 GuadalcanaJ, 350 German submarine pens, 3-48; top 'Operation Solo': a deception plan, 'Operation WedlOCK': against the secret communications code of, 347 Kurile Islands, S16 broken, 3"; mobilization for labour '': against the Tirpitz., 'Operation Wescr" C'Wescr-Exercise'): by, in Norway,.pS; and the bombing 463 against Scandinavia, 46 of the Ruhr dams, 428; and the rocket 'Operation Spark': against the '': against Tito'~ bomb, 4H; damage done to a depot Germans besieging Leningrad, 39l- partisans, 391, 395 of, 490; and a proposed German ruse, '': a German anti­ 'Operation Wild Duck': a German anti· S2J resistance sweep, in France, 5I5 partisan sweep, 471 Orion (Philippines): a Japanese setback 'Operation Spring Awakening': against 'Operation Wilfred': against Narvik, at, 2.95 the Red Army a. it approached 48, 4~ 0,i01l (British cruiser): dive·bombed, Vienna, 6-46 'Operation Winter Magic': a German 186 'Operation Stamina': an airlih at anti-partisan sweep, 390 Origny (France): German. reach, 68 [mphal, SI7 'Operation Winter Storm ': to relieve Orleans (France): airfield at, bombed, 'Operation Stone Age': a convoy to German forces at Stalingrad, J8J; 512.; a parachute landing ncar, 541i Malta, J8I launched, 385 bridges destroyed ncar, 543; a sweep INDEX

near. behind German lines. 573 Oxford (England): and a possible Pantheon (Paris): a Resistance hero's Orpington (Kent): a rocket bomb faUs German invasion, 12.3 remains placed in, 740 on.6B Oyonnax (France): German anti­ Pantheon of the Army: to be built in Oroku Peninsula (Okinawa): landing resistance sweep ncar, SI S Berlin, ~8 on, 691 'Oyster': a cypher key. 45 'Panther Line': German defence line on Onha (western Russia): a signals the Eastern Front, 451, 461, 463; Red centre. 192.; a defence line on, 2.01; PQ-I: the first British convoy to Russia, Army crosses, 473; panisans on an and a new Soviet weapon, 2.10; Soviet ~39 axis of, 485 partisans near. 35~-3; battle for. 485; PQ·IJ: a convoy, attacked, 314 Papagos, Marshal: contemplates the a panisan success at, 544 PQ-I6: a convoy. attacked, 3~7 surrender of Greece, [74 Ortona (Italy): captured. 481 PQ-I7: attacked. 33.,...40 Paradis (france); a massacre at, 76-7; Oryoltu M"TU (japane.. freighter): fate PQ-I8: attacked. 35~ the executioner at, himself executed, of Allied prisonen-of-war on. 618 PT-I09 (US fa .. patrol boat): rammed, 733 Osaka (japan): bombed. 648. 708 presumed lost, 44~ Parczew (Poland): Jews from, Osborn. Sergeant-Major, J. R.: his Pabianice (Poland): battle at, 7 murdered, 361. courage, .z.80 Pacific Ocean: and a German commerce Parczew Forest (Poland): hunts against Oshima. General Count Hiroshi: in raider, 109, I ....i American naval Jews in, 384, 388 Berlin, 165, 311., 49:z., SU., .530; and expansion on (July 1940), III; a Parga (Greece): reprisals in, 450 the Normandy Landings deception, British success in (May 1941), 180; the Park, John Mungo: killed in action, 100 555 slow but steady reconquest of. (from Parkin, Ray: on the 'Railway of Death', Osinovets (Lake Ladoga): refugees June I~43). 43~ HS leave,1S} Pacifico, Rabbi Riccardo: deported to Parkinson, Flight Lieutenant: shot Osipovichi (White Russia): an anti­ Auschwitz, .U3 down, 65 partisan sweep at, 394 Paderewskl, 19nacy: dies, 2.04 Parichi (Russia): Jews murdered in, Oslo (Norway): 45. 51. B. 54. 58; and Pag Island (Yugoslavia): occupied by 2.80--1 a German deception, 59. Italy,11S Paris: a Polish Government-in-Exile set demonstrations in, 171, state of Pagan Island (Marianas): Japanese on, up in, 18; and the threat of bombing. emergency in, 1}1; a protest in, }lSi surrender, 72.1. 19; a peace mission to, 48; Churchill a British air raid on. 365; 6ve Pajor, Antoni: shot, 47.9 flies to, 61; pank in, 68; a round.up Englishmen shot near. 394; general Palatinate, the (Germany): Jews in (to prevent subversion), 68; French mobilization for labour in, 406; deported from 133 troops fall back to, 71; Belgian Gestapo headquarters in. bombed, Palatucci, Giovanni: arrested, 585 Goyernment-in--exile in, 77i bombed, 614; Germans lay down arms in, 690; Palau Islands (Carolines): Americans 85; battle for, 87, 88; French British soldiers on tbeir way to, killed land on, 591; severity of fighting on, Government leaves, 91~ declared an in an air crash, 693; Quisling shot in, 605-6; Japanese surrender on, 71.2. open city 1 91.i Germans enter, 94; 71 4 Palawan Island (Philippines): fate of Hitler visits, 101; German occupation Osnabriick (Germany): bombed. 649 prisoners~of-war on, 6[8 of, 105, Il.9i an act of defiance in, Ostapenko. Captain: shot in the back, Palembang (Sumatra): Japanese land 140--1; German contempt for culture 614 at, 300; oil refineries at, bombed, 633 of, [4"; executions in, 141, 1.1.2.-}, 119; 'Osprey': a top secret German cypher Paleohora (Crete): evacuation from 186 Soviet spies in, ISO; an arrest in, 151; key, broken, 366 Palermo (Sicily): American troops art looted from, [61.; reprisals in, '75; Ostend (Belgium): attack on. 74; enter, +IS a novel about the fall of, to be invasion barges at. 111 Palestine: troops needed from, 68; published in Moscow (1941), In; a Dsrt-f, Colonel Hans: warns the West, danger (0, 157; Jews from, in action, German killed in, 1.1.5-6; reprisals in, ~5, 38• 51, B, 58; and possible peace 188""'9; British to be driven from, [89; 1.2.6, }06, 464; six synagogues talks, So; and German atrocities, 5'; and the Mufti of Jerusalem, 165-6; dynamited in, 2.42.; Jews in, to wear a and the 6rst Bomb Plot against Hitler and the approach of Rommel, 337; yellow star, 318; Jews deported to (March I~43). 414; implicated, 597; and a deception scheme in Poland. Auschwitz from, 33S, 337, H8. 356. hanged. 660 391; a volunteer from, parachutes into 357, 39]-1., 400, 408, 436, 444, 471-1., Ostrow (Poland): Jews deponed from, Yugoslavia, 430; volunteers from, set 546,561.,511, an American air raid 13; Jews shot in, %.8 off for Hungary, 508""'9; a volunteer near, 414; an arrest 10, 4,6; 'severe' Osrrowek (Poland): fate of Soviet from, parachutes into Italy. 515; Jews measure in, 464; anti-Hider prisoners-.of.. war in, 373 from, to serve as a special Allied unit, conspirators in, 5] I; bombing raids on Ostrowiec (Poland): Jews murdered at: 576; fate of parachutists from, 608, (April 1944), S19; Germans fear \78 61(; Jewish survivors wish to go to, parachute landings near, 516; an act Osuchy (Poland): an anti-partisan 716,730 of revenge in. S48; and the Bomb Plot sweep at, .541 Palestine Post: and the repatriation of (july 1944), SS8; a railwaymen's strike Oswiecim (Poland): ... jnd~" entry for German prisoners-aE-war, 73l. in, 567i police in, join Resistance, 568; Auschwitz Pallas Athena (sculpture): evacuated. Germans begin withdrawal from, S71j Ora, Admiral Minoru: commits sukidet ~06 a final deportation from, 572.; 697 Palm Sunday: Yugoslavia invaded on, liberation oL 573, 418, 580; Governor Othmer, Waldemar: a German spy, In 170 of, in London, 611; a boat train to, Otranro, Snairs of: naval battle in, ]40 Palmiry (Poland): executions at, 39. 104 from London, 610; rejoicing in, tJ9Q; Ott. Major-General Eugen: and Pan-American Security Zone: Germans a traitor shot dead in, 71.8 Russian resistance, 104 to operate in, 176 Pari, Sulong (Malaya): murder aI, Ottawa (Canada): Churchill in. 184; Panama: ] 54; Japanese agents at, 238; 1~3 uranium handed to a Soviet diplomat merchant ships from, attacked, 339 Parma (Italy): an anti-partisan sweep in, 701 Panama Canal: closed to Japanese near, HO 'Ouo Line': under construction, 12.9; shipping, 2.16 Parnu (Estonia): Russians acquire right completed. lSI Pancevo (Yugoslavia): Germans driven to occupy, 16 Otwock (Poland): Jews deported to from. 598~ Parramatta (Australian sloop): sunk, their death from, 354; Soviet forces Panevetys (Lithuania): German moves ~61 entef, $61 ncar, 194 Parri, Ferruccio: released, 648 Overveen (Holland): v~ rockets Pannwitz, General Helmuth von: Pas de Calais (France): Goering at, 113; launched from, 608 executed, 731 and the Normandy Landings Ovruch (Rus.ia): Jews murdered at. 133 Island: Allied plans to deception plans, 492., 494, 5 I 5, 51}, Owens, Arrhur:adoubleagent,IJ-16, 1.16 capture. 416; Allied landing on. 437 530 , 53~, 537, S40 , S4~, 546, 557 INDEX

'Pat Line': a route for Allied escapees Peira Cava (France): young men liberates, 548 and evaders, 177; betrayed, 408; its murdered in, 584 Petsamo (Finland): overrun, 34; betrayer, shot dead, 72.8 Peklina (Russia): Soviet partisans active German war supplies to, 21,,; Patam (Thailand): a landing at, 1.76 ncar, }66 Germans driven from 603 Patras (Greece): British troops land at, Pelczynski, General Tadeusz: and the Petter. Robert: hanged. 1l.9 598 Warsaw uprising, 561 : treasures of, evacuated, Patrick Henry (US merchant ship); Pddiu Island (Palaus): battle for, l06 launched,2.39 59l Petzel, General: protests, 2.9 Patton, General George S.: and the Peloponnese (Greece): Germans Pfanmuller, Dr.: and euthanasia, II, killing of German prisoners-af-war, withdrawing from, 596 379 445; and a Normandy deception plan, Pdtz, General: and Germany's lack of Pfister, ss Major: orders an execution, 492.; enters Metz, 614; and 'some aircraft fuel, 611 578 unfortunate incidents' in the Penang (Malaya): bombed, l78 (Germany): bombed, 6+4, Ardennes, 62.7; crosses the Rhine, 6S1 Penicillin: its use to be extended, 551 645 Patton, Lieutenant J. M. S.: his courage, Pen.sacola (US heavy cruiser): damaged, Philip of Greece, Prince (later Duke of 126 384 Edinburgh): in action, 148, 166, 185; Paul, Pnnce Regent of Yugoslavia: Pemagon, the (Washington): and the his mother saves Jews, 465, on board support for, IS7. joms the Axis, 165 atomic bomb, 696 ship in Tokyo bay, 721; and Paulus, General Friedrich von: at Penton ville Prison (london): a spy Hirohito's Visit to London (1971), 741; Stalingrad, 381-l, 38l; trapped, 387, hanged in,s 54i five German and Hirohito's funeral (1989),7+4-5 388; refuses to surrender, 391-2; asks prisoners~of-war hanged in, 714 Philippines, the: and Japan, 216, 2.B; a to surrender, 397; surrenders, 398; People's Army (in Poland): revolts, in warning concerning, 1.61.; a possible repercussion of HItler's 'no retreat' Warsaw, 561. attack on, 2.63; attacked, 2.71, 2.75i order to, 410 People's Army (in Germany): MacArthur leaves, declaring, 'I shall Pavelic, Ante: ruler of Croatia, 172.; established by Hitler (September return', 307; sabotage activities awards German officers, 339; visits 1944), 597 forbidden in, 391 i resistance in, 485; Hitler, 3:91; a protest to, 409i 'let us People'S Avenger (a Soviet partisan preparations for liberation of, 592., fall as true heroes', 686 newspaper): 2.98 596,601; invasion of, 604-5. 606; PavJov, General G, D,: his warning, Perbal (Hungary): Germans encircled becomes independent, 730; American I 58-9i shot, 117 at, 640 post·war help for, 730 Pavlovgrad (southern RussIa): Russians Percival, Lieutenant-General Arthur Phillips, Malcolm: trapped, Il5 retake, 405 Ernest: in Singapore, surrenders, 199; Phillips, Myrtle: trapped, Il5 Pawiak Prison (Warsaw): Poles from, in Tokyo Bay, witnesses Japan's Phoenix (US light cruiser): a survivor shot, ~1.8; Poles tortured to death in, surrender, 72.1 of Pearl Harbour, sunk (in [97l), 742 4 1 3 Perekop (southern Russia): occupied, Piaccnza (Italy): an anti·partisan sweep Pawlowski, Father: shot, 22. l39 near, 550 Pawlowski, Leon: sentenced to death, Peretz, Dr. Aharon: and the fate of Piasnica (Poland): and euthanasia, 10 183 Jewish deportees to Kovno, 2.63 Piatnitsa (near Moscow): Russians Paym, Max: recalls a woman's death, Periers (Normandy): battle at, 553, 56l driven back to, 161. 573 Pertgueux (France): sabotage near, 5-43 'Pigs' (manned torpedoes): In action, Pearl Harbour (Hawaii): Japanese Perpignan (France): prisoners-af-war 116,180 plans for, 140j a warning concerning, rescued from, 360 Picasso, Pablo: the death of his godson, 154; information about, sought by Persia (Iran): see index entry {or Iran \06 Japan. 164,2.38; plans [0 attack, go '': and aid to Russia, Pickard, Squadron Leader (later Group ahead, 1.49,2.53,153-4,168; not 196 Captain) Charles: and a war film, 1I6; mentioned, during a general warning, Persian Gulf: British troops land at killed in the Amiens raid, <199 2.62.; warships to be sent away from, head of, 174-5; and the German Picone, Mrs Caryl: her brother's death, 2.63; attacked, 2.71, 272.-3; relief to advance into the Caucasus, 347-8; and her husband's rescue, 635 Wake Island sent from, l8l; Japanese Amencan aid to RUSSia, 468 Pierrcpoint, Albert: hangs war warships which had been at, sunk, Perth (Australian cruiser): sunk, 303 ctlminals.73 1 lOl. HOi and the evolution of Pertschuk, Captain Maurice: hanged. 'Pike'; a cypher key, 45 bombing as a method of war, 432.-3; 655 PikuIe (Poland): a reprisal at, 537 the Japanese Striking Force (Italy): Ita),an Royal Family Pilar-Bagac Road (Philippines): commander at, has himself killed, leaves through, 459 Americans withdraw to, 193; 553; the last surViving Japanese Peshki (near Moscow): Germans reach, Japanese attack, :z.94-5 warship from, put out of aCtion, 612. l6l Pilsen (Czechoslovakia): armaments (he twenty-fourth (of twenty-five) Pesker, Meir: Itberated at Ebensee, 688 works at, bombed, 143,427; a Japanese naval vessels at, sunk, 709; Petacci, Clara: shot, 676 clandestine miSSIon near, 183; German a veteran of. smks the Indianapol,s, Pelain, Marshal Philippe: and Ihe fall troops s[ill In action near {II May 709; retrospective diSCUSSions of France, 8r, 91, 97; and the 1945),693 concernmg, 737-8; a naval survivor armistice, 98; establishes his Pilva (Russia): Jews murdered in, l35 of, sunk (197l), 742 Government at Vichy, 106; breaks off Pimenov, Colonel: and the arrest of Peary (US destroyer): sunk, 302. relations With Britain, 107-8; Polish negotiators, 686 Pecs (Hungary): Red Army enters, 615 negotiates with Japan, 108; Japanese Plndus Mountains (Greece): a British Pe(.:hersky, Alexander: leads a revolt, pressure on, I I I; abrogates the pre­ officer reaches (I943), 461-1 467 war race hatred laws, 12.7; Hitler's Pingu;n (German commerce raider): Pedang (Sumatra): Japanese surrender meeting with, 134 sets sail, IOIi its successes, 169; sunk, at, 72.5 Peter Ill, Tsar: the 'Prussomaniac', 180 Peenemunde (Baltic Coast): rocket 489 Pingyanchen (Manchuria): fighting at, experiments at, .H3. 366-7, 388 , 434; Peterson, Captain: attacks an invasion 71 7 bombed, 449, 476; a rocket from, exerCise, 5:z.0 'Pink': a German Air Force key, broken, shown to Hitler, 479; a rocket falls on Petrishchevo (near Moscow): an l87 Sweden from, 539; sClenttsts leave, 643 execution at, 1.65 Pinsk (White Russia): a partisan success Pegu (Burma); Japanese enter, 306 Petrovac (Dalmatian Coast): a British near, 5«i Soviet forces enter, H4 Peiper. S5 Lieutenant-Colonel agent lands at, 136 Pinsche, Wernher: brought to Britain, Joachim: and the Malmedy massacre, Petrozavodsk (Lake Onega): FInnish 702-3 610 troops reach, 141; Red Army PlOtrkow (Poland): Jews murdered at, INDEX

5,9; indignities at, 1~; Jews deported England from, 561; troops from, in Ponu Island (Italy): Mu.. olini seeks to their deaths from, ~69 Normandy, 566, 568, 571- 573, 574; refugee on, 446 (Greea): 161, 170 tbe political future of, and the Red Pook, 55 Lieutenant-Colonel Hermann: Pirgos (Crete): Germans driven back at, Army's advance, 559, 571,617,658, and 'Operation Tooth', 118 r86 679""""110, 686; pilots from, aid Warsaw, Pooley, Private Albert: eye-witness to. Pi.. (Italy): Germans driven from 58I; s9il; a German act of terror in massacre, 76 an Allied line at, 596 (January 1945),619; deponations Pop. (US destroyer): sunk, 304 Piskarevsky Cemetery (Leningrad): from, to Russia, 646; forces of, in Italy, Popitz, Johannes: hanged, 6}7 . bodies on the road to, 185 660, 669; slave labourers from, Popov, Colonel: in Athens, 613 Pi.kopi (Aegean Sea): German troops liberated, 67"; its future, discussed at Porchunov, Major: and supplies for on, surrender, '91 Potsdam, 706-7; Germans in, to be Leningrad, 161 Pitomnik (Sralingrad): Russians 'removed', 710; new frontiers of, 710- 'Porcupine': German communications overrun, 392. II; in the Soviet bloc, 713; Jews key, broken, 395-4> Pius XII. : protests, 39--40; warns, murdered in, after the war, 730; Port Arthur (Manchuria): Russians 511-9; protest again, SSO receives reparations, 739; wartime occupy, 710 Placc, Lieutenant: his act of bravery r death toll of, 7~; see also irrdn Portal, Sir Charles: and the German 46~ entries fo, Poles, Warsaw shortage of fuel oil, HS; and bombing Place de la Concorde (Paris): Germans 'Poland Has Not Yet Perished': a Pole suppon for the Russian advance, 636 reach,94 executed for singing, 47 Pon Blair (Andaman Islands): a Placentia Bay (Newfoundland): 1>1 Poles: murdered (1939),4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, clandestine mission to,. 394 Plakias (Crete): evacuation from, 186 19,12.,1.4,1.7, 31., )6; their cruel fate Port-en-Bessin (France): a British raid 'Plan Bunbury': an act of German (1940), 37, 39, 40, 43, 46, 56, 117, 144; on, 360 sabotage (in fact, a British deception), executions of (in 1941), 161, 168,2.98; Poneous, Caprain Pat: at Dieppe, 354 453 (in 1941), 2.99, 308, )09-10, 31:&', 3:&.8, Portland (Maine): the last Liberty Ship 'Plan Guy Fawkes'; fictitious sabotage, B1, 336, 354-5, 369, 379, 384, 388"""11, launched at, 715 t6 389; (in '943), 389, 443,479,480,481; Portland Bill (England): station 'Plan jael': a deception plan, for tbe (in 1944),496,498,505, SUd37, 554, at, attacked, 116 Normandy landings, 491 584; (in 1945), 619; to be 'slaves}', 19, Port Moresby (New Guinea): japanese Planck, Erwin: executed in Berlin, 632. 133, 3S4i expelled, 11, 13, 17; ruin attack as, 312.; Australians advance Planck, Max: his son executed, 631 for, 2.3-4; future of, as seen from from, }41; Australians fall back to, Plaszow (Poland): fate of Poles at, p; Berlin, 19, 79, 105; to be deported to 34S, HS, 361; American troops reach, a concentration camp set up at, 485 Germany, 40; 'bludgeoned', 69; 361; japane.. pushed further back Platteau, l. C: his protest, 373 expelled from pan. of Warsa w, 119; from, 375; Japanese try to reach, 399; Plewman, Elaine: shot, S90 in action (in France), 7S, 86; in action Japanese air raid on, 419 Pljevlja (Yugoslavia): hostages killed at, (in Norway), 78, 83; embarked from Port Swettenham (Malaya): 31~ France, 98; in action (during the Battle abandoned, 188 Ploesti (Roumania): oil wells in, and of Britain), 114; in action (against Port Rafti (Greece): evacuation from, Germany, 12.4, 142., 143, IS9; Boulogne), 12.5'; against Germany, 176 bombed, B3, 435, 448; barges from, 144, 174; prisoners-of-war, in Port Sudan (Anglo-Egyptian Sudan): and the mining of the Danube, 515; Germany, Ip; and a British agent, bombed, 90; an Italian naval defeat Hitler orders air units at, to bomb landed in France (t941), 177; killed, on way to, 168 Bucharest, 57-4; Soviet forces reach, 'for helping jews', 308; warned not to Portugal: and Jewish emigration, 181; 583 help Jews, 337-8; sentences on, as Hitler's plan for, '89 Plotzensee Prison (Berlin): hangings at, 'asocials', 361-2.; their fate, for Porvoo (Finland): attack on, repulsed, 566, 581, 583, 585, 589, 604, 6u, 610, belping Jews, 38., 398, 435, 50S; 34 617,632.,637,660 medical experiments on, 386i fate of, Potenza (Italy): a commando raid near, Pohl, Oswald: hanged, 735 for sheltering Soviet partisans. <4-66-'7; '57 Plouha (France): and an Allied escape and a deportee to Auschwitz, her last Potsdam (ne.r Berlin): lire engines line, 495 words, 475; killed, by Allied bombs, rushed from, 478; a proposed defence Pluto: and plutonium, 167 591; arrested (by the Russians), 654; line to, 671; Red Army reaches, 6,4; Plutonium: and heavy water, 319; ready a 'slayer of', hanged, 731 the Big Three conference at, 702., 7°<4-, for shipment, 613 Polish Committee for National 70S-9, 710-1 Plymouth (England): bombed, 178 Liberation: announced in Moscow, Potsdam Declaration: agteed to by the Po River (Italy): Allies cross, 671 559 Allies, 707-8; issued to japan, 7084/; Pogonion (Greece): hostages from, Polish National Council: established, rejected, 709; accepted, 716; broadcast killed,S17 by Stalin, 488, 497, 571 by the Emperor, 717 Poitiers (France): sabotage near, SSI Piilitz (Germany): bombed, 577 Potsdam Station (Berlin): Russians Pola (Italy): bombed, SCX>-I 'Polonism': to be eradicated,.7 reach,679 Poland: German invasion of, 1-14; (White Russia): 201, 214; Povaz.ka BY5trica (Slovakia): uprising German-Soviet panition of, 16; partisans near, 309, HI; an anti­ in, 583 German oc(;upation of, 12; expulsions partisan sweep near, 435,516; a Powell, Lewis F.: and the North African from, .1); executions in (in 1934), 4- partisan success at, 544 landings, 375 9, 19, l,Z'I 2.4, 32., 36,. 40, 46, 47; Poltava (Ukraine): mass murder at, 2.53; Powers, Lieutenant JohnJames: a hero, deportations from, 40, 151; Jews of, Hitler visits, 339; Germans evacuate, 3>1-~ and Madagascar, 100; Government­ 463; American bombers use, 530, 593 Poznan (Poland): a battle near, 7; a in-exilc of, reaches london, 101; Polyarnoe (North Russia): British concentration camp at, 14; Poles German plans foc, 105; forces of, in submarines at, 2.2.3 deported from, 13; jews deponed Britain, JI 3, It 5-6; troops from, in Pomerania (Germany): fate of mental from, }5; and the future of the Poles Greece, 176; forced labourers from, patients in, 39; Red Army reaches, in, 12.7; Poles sentenced to death in, 2.99, 42.7; American money for 63<4-i a Soviet offensive in, 640; Hitler 163, 183; Himmler tells of German resistance in, 4U; the Jewish problem advised to pull back from 643; 'page of glory' in .peech at, ~S-4>; in, 'fundamcntaJ)y cleared up', 42.1; a rransferred to Poland, 71 I Hider speaks in, of the fate of the resistance group in, and its fate, 474; Ponar (ncar Vilna): murder of Jews at, jews, 494; encircled, 63-4; German its post-war frontiers, and the Allies, 1.I3, 2.17, 2.19, 2.49, 331i a revolt at, troops in, hold out, 639. surrenders, 488,496-7,554, 559; troops from, in 516 643i an execution in, 719 Italy, 52.2., 52.6; an anti-partisan action Poniatowa (Poland): Soviet prisoners­ Praeger, Captain Ralph R.: sabotage in, 542.; a Vz. rocket, smuggled to of-war murdered at, 389 activities by, forbidden, 391 INDEX

Praga (Poland): Jews expelled from, (Bri.ish), 5)9; paraded in Moscow near, 3.. 6; Red Army enters, 559 130; and the Warsaw uprising, ~66, (Germans), 556; a mass breakout by Puerto Princesa (Philippines): fate of 567; Red Army reaches, 591-2 (japanese), 564; killed by Allied American prisoners·of-war at, 618; Prague (Czechoslovakia): 7; leallets bombing (British), 577; killed in American landing at, 6..... -5 dropped over, 48; Jews deported reprisal for an Allied bombing raid Pulford, Air Vice Marshal Co W.: dies, from, 2.45, 1.66, Jj1i assassination of (Americans), S78; machine gunned in 307 Heydrich in, 13'-0, 334; death Paris (Germans), 580; shot in revenge Pulkovo Heights (Leningrad): naval sentences in, 365, to be liberated by (Germans), 58.; killed in Dachau guns at, 2.1.8 the Red Army, not by the Americans, (Russians), 585; drowned after an Pultusk (Poland): Jews deported from, 680; uprising in, 690; in the 'Soviet American submarine attack 0; sphere', '2.8; a public in, 72.9; (Americans), 588; their fate while on Purkayev. General: and the eve of war, a former prisoner, hanged in, 7}1. the Oryoku Ma,.. (American, Dutch 194 President Doumer (merchant ship); and British), 618; mass murder of 'Purple' (japanese coding machine): sunk,373 (American), 618; accidental dea.h of reaches Brirain, 154; becomes part of Presov (Slovakia): Red Army enters, 6)0 by Allied bombs (Allied), 6.6""7; shot the 'Ultra' system, 4'5 Prestissimo, Colonel: captured. 187 in the Ardennes (Germans), 6:z.7; and : awarded, 61 I Pretzsch (Germany): and the 'Final the mass evacuation of Upper Silesia Purvis, Arthur: 2S. 65-6. 67. 81,139; Solution', 188 (British), 6;1; save a Jewish girl from killed, "3 Price, Lieutenant-Commander Hugh: a 'death march' (British), 633; rescue Purvis, George: his courage, 11.6 his award, 45 of (American), 6}5, 64;; mass Pushkin (Leningrad): captured, '13, Prien, Gunther: sinks Royal Oak, 2.1; executions of (Australian and Brirish), libera.ed, 490 sinks Arandora Star, 105; attacks 635, on the Rhme (Germans), 648; Putney (London): a 'Flying Bomb' at, AtJamic convoys, 132; sunk with his two Channel Islanders die, for 54' submarine, 16z. sheltering (Sovier), 664; liberated Punkammer. Lieutenant Karl von: Primrose, Lieutenant: his crud fate, 46.1 (Allied), 666; killed, while returning Hider confides in, 125 P,mce of Wales (British battleship): home (British), 692; machine gunned Pyadyshev, General: shot, 116 reaches Singapore, 168; sunk. 2.76 on Okmawa (japanese), 695; killed in Pyle, Ernie: killed, 668 Princeton (US carrier): sunk, 606 Allied bombardment (Americans), Pyatigorsk (Caucasus): Jews murdered (German heavy cruiser): in 696. returned to the Soviet Union at, H9 the Atlantic. 18Si an attack on, 2.16; (Russian, Cossacks), 699; and a death Pyrenees, the: 103, 133; an escape line irs dash to the North Sea, 300; march in North Borneo (Australians), over, 2.88; an escape line over, broken, torpedoed, 302-3; used in a post-war 701j and the decision to use the atomic 393; further escapes over, ,,04, 455 atomiC test. 72~30 bomb on Hiroshima, 710; executed Pr.pet Marshes (western Russia): (Americans), 711; liberated (Allied, in QP-13 (Arctic convoy): attacked, 340 partisans near, 383; Red Army japanese camps), 718, 72.1, 722. Quebec (Canada): Allied strategic reaches, 489; and Poland's post-war remain in captivity (German), 7l.l; decisions made at, 452, 454; and the fromiers, 497; front line static at, S06 used in a new conOict (japanese). 722- future of Germany, 591. Prlsoners-of-war: shot after capture 3; hanged in London (Germans), 724; Queen Elizabeth (British batrleship): {Poles}, 6, 27; indignities against resist repatriation (Russians), 72.8; badly damaged, 080 (Poles and Jews), I); fate of (Poles), repatriated (Germans), 730, 731., 738; Quetra (India): an American aircrew }7, 53,731; liberated (British), 42; at build a railway (Germans). 730; reach, p ... Dunkirk (British), 8;; on .he Dieppe­ persecutors of, brought to trial, 731; Quezon, President Manuel: leaves Paris road iFrench), 87; after the fall and a route of pilgrimage, in Luzon, 301. of France (French), 101, 134, 226; Thailand, 738-<); and a war crimes "Quince': the main ss communications taken by Greece in Albania (Italians), trial (Russians), 741, conditions on a key, broken, 353 'H; aid to (Poles), punoshed, 151; Japanese-held island recalled by Quincuan Point (Philippines): Japanese taken in North Africa (halians), 15J; (Allied),745 land at, 095 cross the Atlantic (Germans). 154; a Probst, Chriswph: his courageous Quincy (US heavy cruiser): sunk, HO German, escapes, 154, 172; protest, 404 Quisling, Vidkun: in Norway, 53, 54, Yugoslavs, 174; an escape: Ime for. Procida (Italian fuel ship): sunk, .6. 56,406; and the future of Britain, 103; 177; cruel fate of (Soviet), 2.00, 2.02, Prokhorovka (Kursk): battle at, 443 shot, 7.1", 2.10,1.2.8.230,243,260,166, Z.8I, z.82., Proletarskaya (Russia): Germans reach. '98, ;99, ;7;, ;89,460-1,475,483, 346 Rabaul (Bismarck Archipelago): 485,496,503,5'4,559,585,611,6;0, Proskurov (Russia): 1.05; Jews killed in, Japanese bomb, .88; bailie for, '93; 669,683; and the building of the new 218; Germans driven from, 511 pnsoners-of~war massacred near, Z.97; Berlin, z.60i not taken, in Hong Kong, 'Prosper' (an escape and evasion route): bombed, 301.; fate of prisoners-of-war .80, .8.; escapes of (Allied), .88, ;.6, Its organizer hanged, 6sr caprured at, n8; the planned 370,475,510; executed (by the Provence (French battleship): sunk. 108 recapture of, 439; Japanese remain at, Japanese), Z.9O, 2.93, 297.302,305, Providence: Hitler's praise for, 26; .. 81. American bombing of, 495 ;16,318,353,358,417,435,466,468- Hitler possibly 'selected by', 743 Rabi (New Guinea): Japanese landing 9,635, 711, 725; forced labour of, in Prussic aCid: used to kill Soviet at, 355 the Far East, 336, 345, 4'7, 46o, 470; prisoners-of-war, 130 Rabinovitch, Alec ('Arnaud'): death of, at sea, 338, 366; to be Pruth, River: Germans forced back parachuted into France, 504 manacled (British and Canadian), 367; across, S06; Red Army establishes Racine, Mila: killed by an Allied bomb, taken, in Tunisia (German and Front on, 5 II 664 Italian). 426; recruited for Germany Pruszkow (Warsaw): arrests in, 654; RadiO Bremen: a broadcast over. 115 (British), 4;0; killed, in Sicily repercussions of arrests in, 686 Radio Brussels: a false victory (Germans), 4 ... 5; drowned off Greece Pruzhany (poland): overrun, 199 announcement over. 586 (Italians), .. 60; mass movement of Pryce-jones, David: observes a war Radio Moscow: and Poland, 559; and (Allied and Italians), 460; fate of, in crimes trial, 741 Warsaw, 562, 58r; and 'a Luxemburg Greece (Italians), 461-z.; acts of Pryor, General: against a cease-fire, 54 palace' for Nazi war criminals, 703 defiance by, 467, 470; killed at przemysl (poland): Jews killed at, 8-<); Radio Paris: transmitter of, blown up, Maidanek (jews), 47;; killed at Borki Jews deported 10 their deaths from, 30 4 (Italians), 47S; at Plaszow (Soviet), 337-8 Radom (Poland): fate of Jews from, 485; rescued (Allied), 517; kIlled, off (Russia): Germans enter, 208; 113; forced labourers taken from, 129. Crete (Italians), 534; killed in Soviet partisans near, 2.09; Jews a Jew from, murdered after the war, Normandy (Canadians), 535, 5,,2, murdered at, U3i partisans active 73 0 INDEX

Radomyshl (Russia): Jews murdered in, repons reach, 145; Hider leaves, for Reichwein, Adolf: and the opposition '35 'WerewoIr, 343; an attempt to kill to Hatler, 544; hanged, 60.01- Radoshkovichl (Russia): an anti- Hitler on his way to, "1:1; Mussolini Reik Haviva: captured, 608 partisan sweep ncar, 383 flown to, 461; Red Army draws closer Reimann, Bruno: killed, 2.5 Radovel (Russia): Red Army captures, to, 478, 556-7; bomb plot at, 557-8; Reims (France): German's rrach, 91; 486 Mussolini at, H9; British bombers Americans reach, 581.; and the 6nal Rod,i.. skii, Major-General: east of strike ncar, 583; Red Army German surrender. 689, 690 Warsaw.56z. approaches, 604; Hider remains at, Reinhart, General Hans: dismissed, 633 Radziwillow (Poland): Jews killed in, 3z8 606; Hitler leaves, never to return to, Reiss, Raffi: killed, 6Il Radzymin (Poland): Soviet forces enter, 613; Soviet forces enter, 633i acquired Rcinbcrgcr, Major Helmut: crashes, 38 561 by Poland, 7" Reitsch, Hanna: proposes a 'Suicide Raeder, Admiral Erich: "; and the Rauca, Helmut: extradicted, 7J4 Group', 504; reaches Hitler's bunker, invasion of Britain, 113-", 12.3; and Rauter, General Hanns Albin: opens 673 Hitler's plans for , t96; on fire on strikers, in Amsterdam, [58; Reiewski, Marian: and Enigma. 39 the Channel Coast, "" killed in error, 6.f6 Remagen (Rhine): American forces Rafaelson, Paul: executed, 7)1 Ravensbriick (north of Berlin): deaths reach. 646-7; unsuccessful German Rafina (Greece); evacuation from, 176 at, 331; a British agent sent to, B8; a counter·anack at, 649j bridgehead at, Raf, (Switzerland): bombed in error, deportation to, from France, 571.; extended, 650; further bridgeheads 644 mass evacuations to, 631.; an south of, 651 'Railway of Death' (Thailand-Burma): execution at, 63-1.; an unsuccessful : the fate of his paintings, H6, 345, 4'7, 437-8, 461, 470, 477; escape from, 6H; deaths at, 664; a 130, 162., 2.06 accidental deaths on, caused by Allied 'death march' from, 66.4$; and an Remer, Major anD Ernst: declines to bombs, 616-7; bridges on, bombed, evacuation to Sweden, 669; a further support conspirators, SSB; his reward, 701; a survivor of, liberated in Japan, execution at, 673 559 71S....,; becomes a route of pilgrimage, Ravna Gora (Yugoslavia): a focus of Rendova Island (Pacific Ocean): 738--9; a protest, by a former prisoner­ revolt at, 182. American landing on, 439; bombed of-war on, 741-1; the death toll on, Rawalpindi (British armed merchant by the Japanese, -H9 745 cruiser): sunk, 30 Rennellisiand (Solomon Islands): a Rakov (White Russia): Jews murdered Rawicz (Poland): a concentration camp naval action off, 399 at, 1.97 at, 5°4; Soviet troops reach, 631 Rennes (France): Canadian troops pass Rambouillet (near Paris): a French Reading (England): and a possible through, 95; Germans occupy, [00; a armoured unit reaches, 578 German invasion, 17.3 telephone link to, CUt, 52.9j Canadian Ramcke. General Hermann: captured, Recebedou (France): Jews at, 3[0 prisoners-of-war accidentally killed 594 'Red Arrow' (railway train): resumes near, 539. an operation begins from. Ram;J/iu (British battleship): damaged, services, 5 10 behind German lines, 57 J HO Red Banner: flies over the Reichstag, Republic of Carnia (Italy): an anti­ Ramie Prison (Israel): Eichmann 68, partisan sweep at, 600 hanged in, 739 Red Cross: (lnternation.1 Committee 'Republic of Palik' (Russia): an attack Ramsay. Vice-Admiral Bertram: and of the Red Cross): its Conventions on, HI Dunkirk,75 ignored, 461-l.i a protest by, HO; the Republic of Sal6 (Italy): executions in, 'Ramsay": a Soviet spy's codenamc, 4S flag, no protection (to German 488 Ramsbottom-Isherwood, Wing soldiers), 61]; an approach to, by Repulse (British crUIser): reaches Commander: tn North Russia, 1.Z.}. Himmler, 643i and a 'death march' Singapore, 2.68; sunk, 2.76 'H from Ravensbruck, 664; and Resolution (British bartleship): the Ramsey, Norman F.: and the atomic Himmler's attempt to impress the rescue, 58; hit, 11.7 bomb,447 Western Allies, 669; reaches Rethondes (France): armistice signed Ranau (North Borneo): a death march Mauthausen, 670; trucks of, on the at, [00 reaches, 702. road to Theresienstadt, 691; pleas for Reuben James (US desrroyer): Rangoon (Burma): bombed, 181; help from, bring 'hysterical reaction' torpedoed, '5' evacuated, )06; plans to capture, 681. (from the Japanese), 745 Reynaud, Paul: becomes Prime Raphael: paintings by, evacuated, 106 Red Fort (Delhi): trials at, 715 Minister of France, 50; proposes to Rapido River (Italy): Allies approach, 'Red Fox' (Michael Sinclair), killed, 597 bomb Sovie, oil fields, $0, 5'; in 490; Americans cross, 495; Maoris 'Red Orchestra': Stalin's spy ring, 2.33; London, 54; and the German forced back over, -198 the destruction of, 334 breakthrough at Sedan, 66, 67; and the Raritan (New Jersey): American aid Red Square (Moscow): Soviet troops fall of France, 81. 83. 87, 89, 90, 91, sails from, 91-1. march to the Front from, 1.54; 97,101; and [he Frcm:h Fleet, [06 Rasche, Siegfried: and the defcction of German military banners paraded in, Reza Pahl3vi, Shah of Iran: abdicates, Italy, 448 701 ..6 Rascher, Dr Sigmund: medical Reder, 55 Maior Walter: an anti- Reznik, Josef: his grim task, 475 experiments by, 18 .. , 30S partisan sweep commanded by, 597 Rheinburg (Germany): decoy fires at, Rashid Ali al Gailani: seizes power, [68; Rees (Rhine): Allies cross Rhine at, 308 British moves against, [74-S; besieges 65 1 Rheine (Ruhr): bombed, 649 Habbaniya. '78; continues to hold Regen.burg (Germany): Messerschmill Rheydt (Ruhr): bombed, 595 Baghdad, I8z.; surrenders, 187 works in, bombed, "S3, SOO-[ Rhineland, Ihe (Germany): and Hitler's Rastenburg (East Prussia): Hitler's Reggio di Calabria (Italy): bombed, 'mission", IIj industrial targets in, headq uarters in (June-December 4'5; Allies land at, 457 bombed, ,89; Jews deported from, 1941), [99, .1.07, 1.08~, 109, 1.11, 113- Reggio Emilia (haly): partisan action 154 4,1.19,111, 1.2·4 .. 11S, 130, 133, 1.}5, ncar, 539 Rhine River (Germany), plan to drop 2.41, 143, 1~, 1 ..U, 2.-47, 149, 153.. 166, Reichenau, General Walther von: mines in, 51; mines dropped in, 61, 173, '75,179, 1So, .83, .84; (January­ enters Brussels, 68; on the Eastern 64; and the bombing of Rotterdam, December 1942.), 19S, 199, 310, 312., Front, 13; and the shooting of 65; Germans cross, at C()lmar, 97; JIS, 318, 319, 338, 3-41; Hitler leavcs prisoners-of-war, 1-47 Allies seck to seize a bridge over, at (July 194')' 343; Hitler returns to Reichstadt, Due de: Hitler returns Arnhem, 593; Himmler given (November '941), 38" 383, 387, 389, remains oft 102. command on, 614; German troops 400,4[1,417, .... [, ....., ~7, 461., 4".. Reichstag (Berlin): Hitler speaks of move westward from, 616; military 479, 5H-4, 554-5, 557-8, 581, 597; 'duties' in, 310; Soviet soldlen reach, operations against. 639; American first snow flurries at (1'41), J.41; snow 680-[; Red Ranner flies over, 681 troops reach, 6 .... ; American troops INDEX

Rhine River-contd. Rocnne, Colonel Alexis von: and the Roncalli, Angelo: opposes the cross, 646,; further crossings of, 651, Normandy deception, 537 deportation of Jews from Bulgaria, 65 1 - 1 Roetgen (Germany): Allies reach, 590 4 5 Rhodes (Dodecanese islands): 161; Rogachev (Russia): 108; Soviet Rondenay,' Colonel Andre: shot, 568 Germans seize. 461; Germans use, as partisans near, 401. Roosevelt, President FrankJin D.: and a base of attack, 472.; Jews of, Rohland, Corporal: shot, 175 American neutrality, 4, 2.5, 135; and deported [0 Auschwitz, 559-60. 582.; Rokitno (Volhynia): Red Army enters, atomic energy, 20-21; and the atomic the German garrison on, surrenders, 488 bomb, 594; and the magnetic mine, 681 Rokossovsky, General Konstantin: on H; and a peace mission, 48; and Rhone River (France): and the French the eve of war, 6; in the battle for military supplies from Britain, 66, 67, Resistance, 398 Moscow, 262; and the battle for 91., 136, 139, 148; and the battle in

Ribar, Ivo-Lola: killed, 455 Stahngradt 391-1.; receives British France, 66, 68, 76, 93, 9.. , 97; and Ribar, Jurica: killed, 455 medals, 701 Italy's attack on France, 90; urges Ribbcntrop, Joachim von: 13, 16; a Roma (Italian batrieship): sunk, 460 'resistance not appeasement', Ilo-Ij 'resounding slap' for, 137; in his aic w Rome (Italy): a peace mission to, .. 8; to and a destroyers-for-bases deal with raid shelter, with Molotov, 141; a be a target, 136i marshalling yards in, Britain, 117; and Churchill, H, 93, telegram from, scnt from Tokyo to to be bombed, 435; bombed, 445; Il.7, 136,21.2,11.3,261,182.,2.86,287, Moscow, 16]; and Japan, 2.06, 312; Mussolini forced to leave, 4 ..6i 300,316, H6, 391, 416, 45', 478~, and the Jews I 363; arrested. 700; German occupation of, 447; planned 576,594,638; 'we will continue to hanged,73 I Allied landing near, cancelled, 459; help', 130; 'we are mobilizing our Richelieu (French battleship): put out Germans occupy, 460; Jews deponed citizenry', 131.; re-eJected (November of action, 109; at Dakar, 12.7 to Auschwitz from, 467; German 1940),138; and the 'arsenal of Ride, Lieutenant-Colonel Lindsay: defence of, 471, 488; Allied move to democracy\ 148; and the 'four heads an escape organization, 31.6 capture, 491, 509i reprisals in, 510; esscnrial human freedoms', 148~; his Rieff. Georges: escapes from a Allied advance to, 526; Allies enter, 531 emissary to Britain, 150, 151. 155; and deportation train, 310 Romford (London): rocket bomb Anglo-American cooperation, 154, Riegner, Gerhart: reports killing of deaths at, 6.p '73; and the Balkans, '57; and Lend­ Jews 'under consideration" 351 Rommel, General Erwin: and Hitler's Lease, 162.; 'The only thing we have Riga (Latvia): Germans enter, 1.06; and 'resolution', 29; and the coming war to fear IS fear itself', 186; freezes the fate of Jewish deportees to, 249, in the West, 30; and Hitler's 'genius', German and lrahan assets, 200; told 166; Jews killed by gas vans in, H'; 56; on the Western From, 63, 66, 67, of immanent German invasion of Red Army enters, 602 68,69,70,73,80, 8S, 88i reaches the Russia; 191; and the death of Riga, Treaty of (1911): and Poland's Channel Coast, 90; at St Valery-en­ Paderewskl, 204; and Japan, 116, 21.2., post·war borders, 497 Caux, 92.; at Cherbourg, lOCi at 226,260, 163i and aid to Russia, 11.3, Rimini (Italy): an Allied line at, 596 Rennes, 100; advancing towards 2.54, 396, 617; and United States naval Ringelblum, Emanuel: in Warsaw, 130, Spain, 103; sees Hitler, 156, 366, ,,10, losses (September-October) (941), I ...., 145, 152,257,2.79,329; his death 549; In North Africa, 157, 165, 168, 1.30,2.4",251; and a further 'prepaid', 329; and the truth about 169,17°, 175. 177; enters Egypt, 178; amendment to the neutrality act Chelmno, nO-Ii 'our toils ... have in Egypt, 183, 187. an attack against, (November 1941),155; and Pearl nO[ been in vain', 337i betrayed, and fails, 192i and 'wonderful news' from Harbour, 172., 2.75; and Germany's killed, 508; his hidden documents, RUSSia, 2.44; reinforcements to, declaration of war on the United discovered,734 attacked, 254; driven back Stares, 276, 277-8j and the Anglo­ Riom (France): an escape from, 468 (November-), 259. 1.61., American alliance, 182, 319; and the Risplinger, Sergeant Harold S.: dies in 1.65,2.79; takes the offensive, 293, 199; United Nations, 286; and American the desert, 414 hopes war will end in 1942, 31.4-5; arms production, 287; and General Ritter, Dr Julius: killed, 464 renews the offensive, 31.7, 333, H4i MacArthur, 302; and 'the 6nal Ritz, ss Lieutenanr Hans: an eye- retakes Tobruk, 335; reaches EI battles', 3°2; and the bombing of witness ro mass murder, 480 Alamein, 337, 338; checked at Tokyo, UI; and the Battle of the Rlvesalres (France); Jews at, 310 Ruweisat Ridge, 34 I i supply lines Coral Sea, 322-3; a rumour Rizzo, Anna: executed. 673 under attack, 35 2.i a renewed offensive concernang, circulates in the Warsaw Rizzo, Edward: lands in France (1941), by, 357-8; and EI Alamein, 37',374; ghetto, 314; and the fall of Tobruk, 177 ordered to 'stand fast', 374; pushed 335, )36, 337; and the Eastern From, Rlukan (Norway): a sabotage steadily westwards, 376, 378; his 359; at Casablanca, 392, 393, 396~j objective, 379 advice rejected by Hitler, 383; Churchill congratulates, 408, 531; Roatta, General: and the Italian continuing fuel oil shortage of, 387, Churchill discusses Allied strategy armistice, 448 388,394, "06; driven from Tripoli, with (May 1943),416,430; and Allied Robert E. Peary (merchant ship): 396; forced back to Tunisia, 397, 402j bombing policy, 431; and the Italian constructed in four days, 239 and a 'ray of light' from the East, 407; surrender, 445, .47, «8, 452; Roberts, Colonel Harold c.: killed, 700 6nds Hitler 'depressed', 4IOj eavesdropped telephone Roberts (British monitor ship): and the recuperates in Germany, 4 I 5; sent to conversations of, 448, 552; and the battle for Caen, 557 Greece, 424; blames the Italians, 42.6; Balkans, 451; wants Western Allies to Robinson. Lieutenant William D.: and to be sent to Italy, 430; to 'pounce on get to Berlin, 454; at Teheran, 478~; the link-up of American and Soviet Italy later', 445; and the fan of warns of 'large casualty lists', 481; forces, 673 Mussolini, 447; and the bombing of hiS armies in action in Italy, 490; and Robota, Roza: 'I shall not talk', 600 Hamburg, 450; and the cross-Channel the Warsaw uprising, 572., 581, 586; Robolnik (Poland): the editor of, killed, defences, 51.3, 526, 528; returns to and the future of Germany, 591,6,,0; t04 Germany (5 June 1944), 532; returns his fourth term, 6Il; and Russia's role Roccacastrada (haly): fate of a girl to France (6 June 1944), 534, 538; and in the defeat of Germany, 627-8i and from, 525 the 'Flying Bomb', 542; and Cherbourg, the future of Poland, 638; and an Iwo Rochais, Alexander: arrested, later 544-5; and the battle in Nonnandy, Jima photograph, 641-3; and Stalin, killed,436 549; and the conspiracy against Hitler, 6)'8; dies, 662; his last, undelivered Rodakino (Crete): General Kreipe sails 553; warns Hider of the imminent fate speech,663 from, 519 of his troops, 555, 556; gravely Ropsha (near Leningrad): Soviet forces Rodina (Russian passenger ship): sunk, wounded, 556; commits suicide, 602- link up at, 489-90 340 Romolo (Italian merchant ship): Rosani, Rita: shot, 593 Rodney (British battleship): bombards anacked,91 Rosenau (France); French forces reach Caen,553 Ronarch, Captain: his skill, 100 (on Rhine), 613 INDEX

Rosenberg, Alfred: H, 130, '58, '93, Jews killed in, '4', 359; Red Army Ryuho (Japanese aircraft carrier): hit, 2. n.; a protest about mass murder reaches, 496 }l7; sunk, 355 forwarded to, '50; and the demands Rowden, Diana: a British agent, killed, Ryukyu Islands Uapan): a ten-day of the economy to be 'ignored', '56 555 naval battle off, 61.7; landings on, 655;' Rosenberg, Sergeaor Peretz: in Rowley, Corporal: and the fate of a Japanese on, surrender, 72.7. Yugoslavia, 430 Russian, 62.1. Rzeszow (Poland): labourcamps near,13 Rosensaft, Josef: and the British entry Rowley, Captain Henry Aubrey: killed, Rzhev (Russia): a defence line near,uS; into Belsen, 663 18 5 Germans enter, 145; Germans to Rosenthal, Joe: his Iwo Jima Royal Oak (British battleship): sunk, withdraw to, 174i a Russian success photogIaph, 64'-} 11 near, 187; Russians encircle, 2.93; a Roskiskis (Lithuania): Jews murdered Rozenfeld, Semyon: goes from Sobibor Russian offensive near, 302.; Germans at, 1.2.3 to Berlin, 467 cross Volga near, 365;' Russian Roslavl (Russia): 101; panisans near, : the fate of his paintings, 130, counter-offensive towards, 406; }2.6, 331; Hitler agrees to withdraw 161.,2.06 Russians recapture, 408 from, 4;)1. Rubicon River (Italy): crossed, 601 Rosier, Major: an eye-witness to mass Rudel, Hans-Ulrich: shot down, 655 'SO,': and the atomic bomb,171 murder, 2.19-10 Rudellat, Yvonne ('Jacqueline'): lands 'SB' ('' - Special Ross, Sergeant Wilhelm: shot, 70 in German-occupied France, 338--9j. Treatment): and the fate of the Rossosh (southern Russia): Germans dies in Belsen, after liberation, 671. Gypsies, 43' cnter, 341 Rudin, Professor Ernst: praises Hitler's SC- 104 (Atlantic convoy): attacked, 369 Rosten, Captain Leo: and 'Purple', 154 "racial-hygenk measures', 113 SL-"5 (British merchant shipping (Germany): troops to embark Rudnya (Russia): Jews murdered in, convoy): attacked, 373 from, 51.; bombed, }1.0, 312., 500; Jews 1.8[; Soviet partisans ncar, 309 SS, the: 'Spring of Life' stud farms of, at, killed by Allied bombs, 675 Ruge, Major General Otto: in Norway, 14, 390; criticized, 40, "3; expanded, Rostov-on-Don (southern Russia): 57-8; taken prisoner, 88j liberated,611 56; repeated atrocities of, 57, ,6, 78- planned German advance to, I I..; Ruhr, the (Germany): 5, '0, 48; 9,157,367,383,41..,578; in action in Germans reach, 260; Germans forced bombed, 67, 68-

Sabourin, Roger: his sabotage mission, off at. 89; troops evacuated from, 90; San Antonio (Italian merchant ship): S04 surrender at, 92. sunk, 42.5 Saburov, Alexander: a partisan leader, St Vincent, General de: refuses to assist Sandakan (North Borneo): a 'death 383 in deportations, 357 march' from, 701 Sachs, Alexander: and atomic energy, Ste Margueritc-de-Viettc (France): a Sandback, Pastor Harald: escapes, 610 10-11 pilot shot down ncar (1944), 566; a Sandomierz (Poland): Red Army Sachsc:nhauscn (north of Berlin): a pilot's remains found near (198S). 74~ reaches, 562 concentration camp at, 1, 10; Poles Ste Marie-aux-Mines (France): an San Francisco (California): Molotov at, die in, 16; 'Hitler's special prisoner' execution at, 636 686; United Nations Charter signed in, 16; experiments at, 31; criminals Saipan Island (Marianas): American in, 701; Japanese peace treaties signed from, sent to Auschwitz as barrack landing on, HI, 543; the 6nal battle in,7H chiefs, 57; a German pastor sent to, on, H1-3; a fleet sails from, for Iwo San Francisco Conference (of the 133; medical C'xperiments It, 169; Jima,642 United Nations): 6S8 Russian prisoners·of-war murdered Saito, Lieurenant·General Yoshitsugu: San Jacinto (us Iighr carrier): and a at, 1.13; Jews killed in, 32.9; Jews sent commits suicide, 541, 553 Pacific bombing raid, S8 .. to Auschwitz from, 370; criminals SajmiSle (Yugoslavia): Jews murdered San River (Poland): killing near, 8; from, murder villagers in Russia, 414. at, 295 fighting near, 9 British commandos sent to, .fl.); Sakai, Lieutenant-General: no San Pietro In6ne (Italy): battle in, 411<>­ medical experiments at, 438; Jews scnt surrender to, 280 I to, from Auschwitz, 581; a Sakamaki, Ensign Kazua: taken Sansapor (New Guinea): captured, S62 parachutist from Palestine dies in, 61 I; prisoner, 271 San Stefano (Italy): a prisoner an opponent of Hider executed at, Sakhalin Island: Soviet Union 10 recaptured near, 687 617; mass evacuations to, 632; acquire southern section of,640; Santa Cruz Islands (Paci6c Ocean): executions at, 637, 651, 660j a 'death Soviet naval forces bombard, 717; naval battle off, 372 march' from, 664 Soviet troops land on, 718; Soviet Sante Prison (Paris): a revolt in, SH Sa6 (French Morocco): Allies in control forces conquer, 72.0 Santos, Jose Abad: executed. 3~3 of. 376 Sakkis. Leon: a partisan. killed, 539 Sapozhnikova, Olga: and the defence Sagan (Germany): an escape from, SIO Sakowkz, W.: an eye witness to mass of Moscow, .1.46 Sahara Desert: a crash in, 41.4; a murder, 1[7, 119 (Yugoslavia): a British mission concentration camp at, 50S; Germany Salamaua (New Guinea): occupied, near, 2.91i a mutiny near, 458; and an to be made "more desolate than', Sl.8; 307; raided. 338; reinforcements to, Allied deception plan, 49~-3; German the remains of American crewmen sunk, 408; an execution at. 417; forces evacuate, 660 found in, 739 Japanese retreat from, 486 Saratoga (us warship): deaths on. soo Saidor (New Guinea): a landing at. 486 Salangen (Norway): landing at. ss (Volga): reinforcements at, 2.67 Saigon (French Indo-China): Japanese Salatiga (Java): bombed (1947), 733 Sarawak: Japanese land on, ~79 enter, 2.16; Vietnamese government Salboni (India): a bomber base, against : and the battle for Malta, [[4i in, overthrown, 713 Rangoon, 68z. a naval action off, 143-4; a possible St Davids (Briti.h hospital ship): sunk. Salerno (Italy): landing at, planned. invasion of, 374 49~ 4S9; carried out, 460; bridgehead at, Sark (Channel Islands): a commando St Denis (France): bombed. S 19 attacked, 461; Allied succesS at, 461- raid on, 367; raises the Allied flags,690 St Die (France): German forces hold. 3 Sarrebourg (Alsace-Lorraine): 606; liberated. 613 Salkhazi, Sister Sara: execured, 6~4 Germans driven from, 613 St Oizier (France): bombed. S.. Salomon, Alice: shares rhe fare of her Sarvar (Hungary): Jews deported to St Genis Laval (France): executions at. charges, 395 Auschwitz from, 560 S73 Salon·la-Tour (France): a British agent Sas, Colonel Jacobus: and German war St Germain (France): Germans to enter, captured in, 538 ' plans, .s, 38, S', 53. S8 9~ Salonica (Greece): 170; Germans Sattel berg Summit (New Guinea): St John (New Brunswick): sanctuary occupy, 171; Jews of, deported co captured, 477 found in, for thirty-three years, 734 their deaths, 413, 414, 432., 436, 470; Satzkis, Lily: not allowed to leave 5t John Ambulance Brigade: three men Germans pull back from, S7S; a report Germany,l.SI of, shot, 280 from, about Greek partisan activity, Sauckel. Fritz: and forced labour. 310 St lambert-sur-Oives (France): battle 60t Saumur (France): Resistance fighters at, 567 Salornay (France): a parachute mission land near, 461 St Leu (France): 'Flying Bomb' storage to, S68 Savicheva, Tanya: her family's fate, and depot at. bombed. ss 1-~ Salsk (southern Russia): Germans hers, 315 St Lo (American aircraft carrier): sunk, reach. 347; Russians recapture, 395 Savoy Cavalry: in action on the Don, by a kamikaze pilot, 606 Salt Lake City (us heavy cruiser): badly 3SS St Malo (France): troops embarked damaged, 41 S Savy, Jean: and the 'Flying Bomb', SOS from, 96; further evacuations from, Salvation Army, the: its methods cited, Sawicka, Hanka: her courage, and 98; surrenders to the Americans, 570 19 death,413 St Martin de Varrc:ville (France): Salzburg (Austria): Hitler meets Sayn-Wittgenstein, Major Heinrich fortications at, bombed, 52.9 Mussolini at, 419; surrenders to the Prinz zu: shot down, 491-2 St Maur (France): Germans to enter, 92 Americans, 684; von Greim commits (Orkney Islands): 11,49, St Nazaire (France): evacuations from, suicide in, 696 51, IB, 114 98, Germans approach, 100; a naval Samar Mountain (Philippines): ~94 Scaramella, Rosetta: deponed, 514 and commando raid on, 3U; German Samos (Aegean Sea): struggle for, 47'; Scharnhorst (German battle cruiser): submarine pens at. 348; bombed, 378; and an escape lane, 495--6 sinks the Rawalpindi, 30; in the North an American airman shot down over, Samothrace (Greece): Germans occupy, Sea, 'Hi in action, 159, 162.; an attack evades captures, 4°4; German 176; Jews deported from, 40. on, 216; its dash, and damage to, 300; garrison on, surrenders, 690 Sampson, Flight Lieutenant Sammy: sunk,482 St Paul's Cathedral (London): bombs killed, 499 Scheidt River (Belgium, Holland): ncar, 148 Samuel Huntington (us cargo ship): mined, 6Ii British retreat from, 66; St Pollen (Austria): Red Army sunk,495 mouth of, to be held, 58S; Allied approaches, 666; fighting ncar, 687 Sanananda (New Guinea): battle at, advance ro, 598; Allies cross, 610; Sf Quentin (France): German forces 393, 391> Allies control, 614 near, 68 San Andrea (Italian fuel ship): sunk, Schellenberg, Walter. and Jewish St Valery-en-Caux (France): troops cut 3S7 emigration. 188 INDEX

Sc:hepke, Captain joachim: drowned, :K:hwerin (Germany): fighting near, 687 146; bombed, 198; an evacuation to, 161 Sc:hwerin-Sc:hwanenfeld, Captain 144; Jews murdered at, 160; besieged, Sc:hijvenschuurer, Leen: shot, 160 Count Ulrich von: hanged, S89 2.83,1840 313; overrun, HS; effect of Sc:hillinger, 55 Sergeant josef: attacked Sc:hwiechlow Lake (near Berlin): an resistance at, J)6; Gennans evacuate, at Auschwitz, 469 army 'studt fast' south of, 679 sn Sc:hiphol Airport (Holland): an Sc:hwirndt (East Prussia): Red Army Scvcnth~Day Adventist, a: saves Jews, execution near, 40S units reach, S?I SI1; wins Congressional Medal of Schirach, Henrietta Yon: protests to Sc:otland: German bombers shot down Honour, 662. Hider, +40 over, 1.1, 1.5; gales off, ss; troops in, Sevez, General Fra~is: and the Schlabrendorff, Lieutenant Fabian von: 83; an invasion force, leaves from, 373; German surrender, 68, 117; and the fint German Army bomb a spy lands in, SS4 Sevsk (Russia): Red Army enters, 4H plot to kill Hitler (March 19.43), 411; Sc:ott, Lieutenant-Commander Peter: 'Sewer Pipe Bomb': a scale model and the second attempt, 0414; on trial, helps an evacuation, 90; and the atomic bomb, tested, 4S1 637 surrender of German motor torpedo Seyne, Maurice de: his heroism on the Schilling, Dr Klaus Katl: tried for war boats (May 1945), 693-4 Eastern Front. ,.,.6 crimes, 72.S-6 Sc:utari (Albania): Germans pull back Seyss-Inquon, Dr Anhur: in Holland, Sc:hleicher, Rudiger: shot, 672. to a defensive line at, 575; partisan 103 Sc:hlieben (Germany): 'We were in activity near, 584; Germans abandon, Sfax (Tunisia): Eighth Army occupies, heaven', 641 61S 4 9 Sc:hlieben, General Karl Wilhelm von: Sc:ott-Ford, Duncan: captured and Shah' Nawaz Khan: found guilty, 7'S defends Cherbourg, S+4-S hanged,37 Shakespeare: 'beats Hitler', Illi Sc:hliisselburg (Lake Ladoga): Germans Sc:ott, Roben Falcon: 90, 693 performed on the 'Railway of Death', capture, 2. 30; recapture of, judged 'Sea Lion': the German plan to invade 34S impossible, 1}4; Germans in control Britain, lID. 113-4; abandoned, I)crl Shanghai (China): japanese action at, of, 166 Sea Witch (British aircraft carrier): its 175 Sc:hmidt, Wulf: becomes a double abortive mission, 304 Shaposhnikov, Marshal Bori. agcnt, 1~6 Scagrim, Hugh: organizes resistance, in Mikhailovich: and Soviet partisan .. Sc:hmidt-Richberg, General: and Burma, 485 106; and Intelligence from Britain, 138 reprisals in Grea, 517 Seal, Eric: and British morale, [55 'Shark': German U-boat Sc:hmitt, Philip: receives his first Seattle (Washington State): and communications key, broken, }8S prisonen, 117 japanese agents, 138 Sharpless, Staff Sergeant Claude: shot Sc:hmorell, Alexander: executed, 40S Sebezh (White Russia): German. driven down, reaches safety, 455 Sc:hmundt, Colonel Rudolf: and from, 55} Shcherbakov, General: dismissed, 133 Hitler's triumphs, 11; and the Jews, 'Second Front': Stalin seeks" in Europe, Shcherbatseyvich, Volodya: executed, 107; dies of his wounds, S98 351; Allies open (in Italy), 4S7; Allies 1St Schnaufer, Lieutenant: a German air open (in northern France), B4 Sheffield (England): bombed, 146 ace, 482. Sedan (France): Germans near, 64, 65; Shelley, Staff Sergeant Guy E.: dies in Sc:hnee Eifel (Ardennes): Americans German breakthrough at, 66, 67 the desert, 418 surrender at, 610 See}a, ss Captain Max: in action, 2.38 Shepctovka (Russia): a Soviet defence Sc:hneidemuhl (Germany): jews Seele, Gertrud: executed, 619 line at, 10S; jews killed in, 119 deported from, 49; Germans troops Seelow (easl of Berlin): Red Army Sherbrooke, Captain Robert: in action, embark at, 51 reaches, 667 187 Sc:ltnell, Corporal: rescued, but dies, Seijffards, Helmuth: shot, 646 Sherrod, Robert: and the American 47' Seine River (France): retreat across, 89- landing on Saipan Island, H' Sc:hniewind, Admiral: and tbe invasion 90; and Allied cross-Channel plans, Shertok, Moshe: appeals to Eden, S46 of Britain, II) 518; and the Normandy deception Shigemitsu, Mamoru: signs instrument Sc:hnorchel ('Shnorkel'): a secret plans, H6, H'; German supply of surrender, 711. weapon of quality, 62.S, 6so (olumns attacked near, 551; Allies Shilovo (Russia): reinforcements Sc:holl, Hans: courageous protest of, reach, S68 brought from, 16S 404 Selective Traimng Act (USA): Shinchiku Airfield (Formosa): bombed, Sc:holl, Sophie: courageous protest of, registration under, 131. 477 40 4 Selizharovo (Russia): 101 Shinyo Ma .... (japanese freighter): Sc:homberg (southern Germany): a Sell, Freiherr von: and the Hitler Bomb sunk, J88 mass grave discovered at, 673 Plot,H9 Shirer, William, in the Ruhr, 68-9; in Schonhuber, Franz: a former ss officer, Semarang (Java): bombed (1947), 733 Berlin, ILl; reports on effect of British wins a parliamentary seat (1989), 74S Sens (France): a German withdrawal bombing, u. [-2., u.8; hears Hider Sc:honlanke (Pomerania): Red Army to, 571 speak, In; reports on the death of a reaches, 6 J4 Sephton, Petty Officer Alfred: in action, Pole, 117; and Roosevelt's re--election, Schomer, General: evacuates 184 138 Sevastopol, SU Serai (Brunei): japanese land at, 179 Shklarck, Moshe: a survivor of mass Sc:honingen (southern Germany): a Serber, Robert: and the atomic bomb, murder, 317 mass Irave discovered at, 67 J 410 Shklov (Russia): jews 'liquidated' in, Sc:huhart, Lieutenant: and the Serbs: persecuted, 181.; executed, 174; '43 Co"'''geoau,lo murdered, ... s; killed in reprisal ShOt General: commits sukide, 100 Sc:hulmburg, Friedrich Werner, Count actions, 2.43; massacres of, 147, 2.93; Shoa (a film by Claude Lanzmann): a von der: repons from Moscow, 180-

Shuri Line (Okinawa): altack on, 6~4 of Japanese forces in South-East Asia, Smith, Generailledell: and the German Siauliai (Lithuania): Jews in ghetto of, 72.3; a war crimes trial in, 719; surrender, 689 .67; the fate of a family from, 634 becomes independent, 730 Smith, General Holland M_: and a Siberia: Soviet troop movements from, Singh, Major Mohan: and 'Asia for the 'piece of folly', 313 179; American use of air bases in, S8I Asiatics', 2.78 Smith, Reg: his warning, 576 'Siberia': code name for the Indian Singhara Singh: found guilty, 7>j Smithfield Market (London): a rocket Ocean, 101 Singora (Thailand): a landing at, >76 bomb falls on, 648 Sicily: German bombers at, 149; Sinkov, Major Abraham: and 'Purple', Smolensk (Russia): and Polish Germans bomb Malta from, 368; 154 prisoners-of-war, 53; a signals cenree, thought to be the real object of the 'Siren': a call sign, near Stalingrad, 381 191; on a defence line, 101; and 'Torch' landings, 37j; proposed Sitia (Crete): Italian landing on, 186 Enigma, 110, 137; encircled, 1.12., 1.17; landing on, 39', 3~-'7; bombed, 3~; Skagcrrak, the: Russian interest in. 141 i actions against partisans near, 2 ....; Rommel's supply links with, merchant ships escape through, 153, partisan activity continuing near, 146; altacked, 41~; and an Allied 3 4 Soviet prisoners-of-war near, 2.47; deception. 4~3; German air force Skala' (Eastern Galicia): battles of, jI> rumours concerning, 32.4; supplies withdraws to, 41.6; Allied invasion of, Skalat (Eastern Galicia): Jews of, resist through, threatened by partisans, 358, in prospect, 437, HI; Allied landing deportation, 421 }6J; a German Army plan to kill on, 442.; bartles for, 446, 447; Germans 'Ski' sites: and the VI and Vz. 'secret Hitler at, 412.; German orders reach, begin evacuation of, 4jl; under Allied weapons', 474, 47j, 479; bombed, and are also read in Britain, 42.0; a control, 452.; Italian armistice signed 51.9; In operation, 540 German anti-partisan sweep near, in, 457 Ski troops (Russian): in action on the 441; imminent German loss of, 46.1; Sidi Barran; (Egypt): Itahan forces at, Eastern Front, 257; gather in reserve, Germans withdraw from, 464 1)6, 145; German dive bombers in .65 Smukala (Poland): tortur< and death at, action off, 205; Rommel defends, 376 Skoda Armaments Works (Pilsen, '4 Siedlecki, Professor Michael: dies at Czechoslovakia): bombed, 14J Sneland I (Norwegian merchant ship): Sachsenhausen, 2.6 Skodzensky Lieutenant Heinrich: and sunk, 68~ 'Siege of England': Hitler's plan for, 189 the arrival of the Americans at Snow: in the mountains of Yugoslavia, Siegfried Line (Germany): Americans Dachau, 677-8 172.; first flurries of, on Russian front, breach, 6}8 Skoplje (Yugoslavia): and a deception l. 32.; first flurries of, at Rastenburg, Siemens works (lkrlin): hit by British plan, 4~2-}; German pull-back 2.42; first fall of, in Leningrad, 2.41; bombs, ll.} planned, 57S; Yugoslav forces enter. and Germany's 'wildest dreams" 245; Siemiarycze (Poland): on the eve of war. 6r> falls on the Moscow front ('5 197 Skorzeny, Captain Otto: seizes October 1941) 25'; stays on the S,ena (Italy): fate of Jews of, 474; Mussolini. 461; seizes Horthy, 603; ground, at Rastenburg (I November Churchill visits Allied troops at, 576 infiltrates American lines, in the 194 ),25} Siena (Poland): troop movements near, Ardennes. 6 I 8, 62.1, 62.2. 'Snow':' a double agent, 15-16 194 Skrodow (Poland): Soviet prisoners-of­ Soames, Captain Christopher: helps Sierra Leone: a convoy on way to, war murdered at, 481. rescue prisoners-of-war, 460 attacked, 2.37 'Skunk': an Enigma key, broken, }H Sobibor (Poland): a death camp at, '9>, Sieradz (Poland): Poles and Jews shot Siapton Sands (southern England): an 310,317,32.2.,316, }3I, 335, lSI, 370, in,9 Invasion exercise attacked off, 51.0; a 376,395,439; a revolt in, 467 Slerpc (Poland): Jews expelled from, .8; second invasion exercise held off, 521 Sochaczew (Poland): a punishment Jews from, murdered, 199 SlaVin (a Soviet partisan): and an anti- publicized in, 12.7 Siilasvuo, Colonel Hjalmar: anu 'the partisan sweep, 358 Sochaux-Montbdiard (France): road of glory', }6 Slavs: Hitler's comempt for, 155-6, sabotage at, 498 Sikhs: forced to carry out an execution, 458; a grim future for, 354; their 'age­ Sochi (Black Sea): '9}; a German }j8 long Struggle' ended, 69' objective, 363 Sikh (British destroyer): sunk, 360 Slim, General William: in Burma, 694; Socmra (Indian Ocean): a listenmg Simonds, A. C.: organizes an escape at Singapore for the Japanese post, 4'9 line, 4~5~ surrender, 713 Socsr (Germany): bombed, 64~ Sikorski. General Wladyslaw: sets up Siochy (Poland): inhabitants of, Sofia (Bulgaria): railway yards at, Polish Government-in-Exile, 18; murdered, 199-1.00 bombed, 170; an anti-German denounces 'war crimes', 2.90; describes Sionim (Poland): a counter-attack at, government formed in, 589; and the fate of Poles and Jews, 3}2 2.06; anti-partisan actions at, 35 5, 395 Churchill's fear of Soviet control in, Sikory Tomkowieta (Poland), Poles Slovakia: Poles captured while trying 686; in the 'Soviet sphere" 72.8 executed in, 443 to escape ra, 95; forced labourers Soissons (France): Hitler at, 542. Silver Star: award of. 461 taken from, 129,417; joins Tripartite Sokal (Poland): on the eve of war, I~ Simferopol (Crimea): murder of Jews Pact, 143; Jews of, 2.32., 310, 335. 365, Sokolka (Poland): villagers shot in, in, 301 50" 582; news of Auschwitz reaches, 466-7 Simi (Aegean Sea): German troops on, 546; a Soviet partisan unit reaches, Sokolovo (southern Russia): battle at, surrender, 691 561; uprismg In, 580, 583,604; an 4 0 Simone, Sergio de: murdered, 669 Allied escape line from, by air, 593- Sokoly' (Poland): Jews murdered in, by Simovic, General Dusan: denounces 4, j9~; a 'Free Slovakia' proclaimed Poles, 646 Tripartite Pact, 166 in, 604; revolt in. crushed, 608; Red Soldau (East Prussia): a concentration Smclair, Michael (the IRed Fox'): an Army approaches, 615 camp at, 14; German mental patients escapee, killed, 5~7 Slovenia (Yugoslavia): traffic through, killed at, 70 Singapore: vulnerable, 140; more to be disrupted, 521 Solec (Warsaw): holds out, 58j vulnerable, 2.IS; British warships Slovenskl Gradcc (northern Sollum (Egypt): occupied by Italy, Uj, reach, 2.68; bombed, 2.73, 2.93; battle Yugoslavia): final German surrender 145; occupied by Rommel, 178; the for, 2.93; heavy loss of life in, 293; in, 6~4 Barham sunk off, 2.62. surrenders, 300i fate of four prisoners­ Siovik, Eddie E.: shol for desertion, 6}6 Solnechnogorsk (near Moscow): of-war in, H8; a courageous exploit Slutsk (near Leningrad): liberation of, Germans reach, 262. off, 710; captured American airmen 4~ Solomon Island. (Pacific Ocean): plans executed in. 711; a former captive in, Slutsk (western Russia): a signals for liberation of, HI; the KaJw sunk liberated in Japan, 718-9; and the centre, 192; executions in, 246; a in, 352.; American advances in, 355, destruction of evidence of an protest about executions in, 150-1j 391,4<44; continuing battles in, 449, execution in, 72.0; and [he surrender Soviet partisans near, 398 466, 4~5 INDEX

Solta Island (Yugoslavia): raid on, 509 33, 14, 36, 38--9,4<>->,44,47; and l.41, 2.43, 2.46, 2.47, 2.50, 2.67, 2.80 Soluch (Cyrenaica): an ill-fated flight Japan, 45, 478, 601., 705, 708, 710, 711. 'Special Unit': kills mental patient. (in from, ••7 71S, 73S; and Lithuania, 94; and 194°),70 Somali (British destroyet): sunk, H~ Roumania, 104, 141; and atomic Speer, Alben: and Hitler's 'dreams', Somaliland: British advance in, 153 secrets, (07-8, 348, 595 i and the 102.; and the new Berlin, 174, 2..2.1, l.}S, Sommer, Margarete: her courageous German commerce raider Kamel, 109; 2.50; and Hider's plans for protest,2.So German plans against, UI, 113, 114, Trondheim, 196; and Dr Todt, .81; Somme River (France): Germans reach, II7, 12.0, 12.}, 12.4, 1'5, 137, 141, 142., succeeds Dr T odt, '99; and forced 6~, 70; French hold, 81; Hitler's 144,155,158-9.160,188; German labour, '99; and the bombing of anxlcty concerning, 81, 8); battle on, invasion of, 198'"""'9,1.00--1 Ii British aid Cologne, 3>9; and the Getman rocket 86; and the Normandy deception to, 2.07, 314, 359; and American aid bomb, 333, 416, 434, 4lS, 473-4; and plan, 546, S5' 10,468, 6S8; British Intelligence help German submarine pens, 348; and the Somogyi (a Hungarian Jew): dies at to, 2.08, 341, 366; signs a mutual ~Arlantic Wall', 352., 358; armaments, Auschwitz, 634 assistance pact with Britain, 110; and and Allied bombing policy, ....7, 448; Sompolno (Poland): Jews of, murdered, Iran (Persia), ..6, '96; decoy British increased authority for, 457; and the .~8 air raids on behalf of, 315--6; Jet aircraft, 488 Sonnenstein (near Dresden): medical continuing Allied aid to (1943-5), 396; Spence (US destroyer): los"," on, 618 cxpcricmcnts at, 11.8 receives statistics of British war dead, Speyer (Germany): French cross Rhine 'Sonya': receives, and passes on, atomic 4.6; and Hitler's anti-Bolshevik at,6ss secrels, 141 Legion, 430; and Berlin, 4SS; and the Sphakia (Crete): evacuation from, 185 Soputa-Sonananda Track (New Jet aircraft, 488; and the Normandy Spichercn (france): Hitler in, 3S Guinea): Japane", hold, 384 Landmgs dC'ception plan, 506; receives Spitzbergen (Arctic Ocean): a Sorge, Richard: his espionage work, 4S, photographs, commando raid on, 2.2.6 142.,147-8, IS9, [61, 168, 179, 183, 519; and Poland's postwwar frontiers, Split (Yugoslavia): Germans seize, 463; 106,1.14, 145; arrested, 1.46; executed, SS9, 67.,-80; and the Warsaw and a deception plan, 492.-}; German 611 uprising, 564, 567, 572., 580-1, 590, units at, attacked, 509 Soryu (japanese aircraft carrier): sunk, 59', 593; and Bulgaria, S89; and Spooner, Rear Admiral E. J.: dies, 307 330 Roumania, 590; and Yugoslavia, 596, Sports Palace (Berlin): Hitler speaks in, Sosnkowska, Jadwiga: and the 661,680; and the future of postwwar ·96 bombing of Warsaw (1939), 13; and EUrope, 67sr80, 686-7i to have a post­ Springfield (Illinois): and 'a frenzy of the fall of Warsaw (1939), 18 war veto, 574, 701; signs a Treaty with suspicion', 618 Sosnowiec (East Upper Silesia): labour Czechoslovakia, 70]; acquires Square of the People: to be built in camp at, 515 Ruthenia, 701; acquires part of East Berlin, '48 SOlpei (France): executions in, 568 Prussia, 711; acquires Vilna and Lvov, Srebnik, Shimon: surviv~s his would~be Souk e1-Arba (Tunisia): American 7lI; declares war on Japan, 715,717, execution, 630 parachute landing at, 378 72.0; forcible repatriation to, 72.8; and Stadtilm (Germany): American forces Sousley, Private Franklin R.: and an the 'iron curtain" 72.8'"""'9; and the enter,66} Iwo Jima photograph, 643 Warsaw Pact, 71.9; and the Marshall Stalin, Joseph: and the German-Soviet Sousse (Tunisia): overrun, ..P9 Plan, 732.j German prisoners-of-war Boundary and Friendship Treaty, 16; South Africa: declares war on Finland, to be returned from, 738; to receive his sixtieth birthday, 35; and the Hungary and Roumania, l..67; troops reparations, 739; wartime death toll German-Soviet commercial treaty, from, in the Western Descrt, 338, 358, Of,746; 44; receives Intelligence reports from 371; pilots from, fty over Auschwitz, see also index entries for Stalin, his spy in Tokyo, 45,141,147-8,159, S13-4; a pilot from, wounds Rommel, Stalingrad, Leningrad, Moscow, 161,168,179, 18}, 1.06, 2.~, 145; and 556; a pilot from, finds safety in Prisoners--()f-war Japan, 45,173,2.45,468; and the Poland, 570; pilots from, aid Warsaw, Sowacoad (Amboina Island): fate of Baltic States, [II; to be deceived, 115, 596; pilots from, bomb German-held prisoners-oF-war on, 2.97 181; and German preparations railways, 611 war dead of, 514; a pilot Spaatz, General Carl: and German fuel against Russia, 141. 149-50, 168; from, wins the Victoria Cross, 644; oil targets, 535i witnesses the final General Pavlov's warning to, ]57; troops of, in Italy, 660; Air Force German instrument of surrender I 690; caution of, 164, 179; and Yugoslavia, death. of, 746 and the choice of Hiroshima as an 169, 395, 596; and Russian military South America: Hitler denies designs atomic bomb target, 710 preparations (before June 1941), 168, on, 92.; and a cruel deception, 469, 52.0 Spain: 103,134; Hitler's pressure on, 17

Stalin, Joseph-contd. Stavelot (Belgium): civilians murdered Straubing (Bavaria): a death, after Poland ('944-5), 488, 497, 5H, 6'7, 3t,62.0 liberation, in, 693 638,679-80; and the bombing of Stavropol (Caucasus): Germans reach, Straus berg (ncar Berlin): Red Army at, Berlin, 489; and the liberation of 347 67' Sevastopol, 511; not to be offended, Stawiski (Poland): Germans shoot Jews Streicher, Julius: hanged, 73' 5 jOt and 'a source of joy' to, S36; and in, 1.23 Stres3 (Italy): a clandestine mission to, the renewed Soviet offensive (summer Steckelsdorf (near Berlin): Jews S97 '944), n6, 548..,; and the Warsaw deporred from, 3.6 Strippel, s s Lieutenant Arnold: found uprising, 564, ,67, 571., sSerI, 586, Steel Seafarer (US merchant ship): guilty, and awarded compensation, 7,,1 590, S93, S94, s96 discusses post-war sunk,2.30 Strong, Brigadier·General George V: Europe with Churchill, 600; and Steenbergen (Holland): airmen sho[ reaches London, no

Japan, 601, 640, 70S and Greece, 613; down over I 595 Strongbold (Bri[ish destroyer): sunk, and the Allied balance of forces (in Stehla (Elbe): American and Soviet 304 February 1945), 639; and German soldiers meet at, 673 Stroop, s s Brigadier Jiirgen: and the reparations, 640; and Berlin, 657; and Stein, Edith: her fate, Her-I; sanctified, Warsaw ghetto revolt, ,,28; executed, Himmler's offer to surrender to the H' 735 Western Allies, 670; and the 'age-long Stein am Rhein (Swi[zerland): bombed Strumen River (Greece): reprisal struggle of the Slav nations" 692; at in error, 6 .... actions near, 2.43 Potsdam, 70S, 705--'7; and Austria, Steiner, ss General Felix: Hider's Stuart, Captain William F.: in 70S"""'; and Poland's post-war orders to, 669-70; Hitler disappointed Yugoslavia, .. 30i killed, 436 frontiers, 706-7; and the atomic bomb by, 670 Stuckarl, Wilhelm: and the 'Final test, 708; a , after the Stellbrink, Karl Friedrich: execu[ed, Solution', 1.91 death of, 739 3[S Student, General Kurt: in Holland, 61, Stalingrad (Russia): a German Stenda, Robert: a volunteer, 2.2. .. ; killed, 66; on Crc[e~ 182; in the Ruhr, 6S7, objective, 144, 311, 32.5. 34'; German ns 659 assault on, 341, 347, 3p·, 153, 355, Stepinac~ Archbishop: protests from, Stud land Bay (southern England): a 358, H8.." 360-[, 36[, 363, 36S, 367, 306, 4"9, 414 practice invasion at, ..68 369; 6nal battles in, 370, 374, 377, 378; Stepney (London): rocket bomb deaths Stuelpnagel, General Kurt von: and the diversion of teanspon aircraft from, in,6n July Bomb Plot, 558; hanged, S83 376-'7; gives hope to captive peoples, Sternbeck (Czechoslovakia): Red Army Stuelpnagcl, Otto von: orders reprisals, )80; Soviet counter~o(fensive near, enters, 690 In; commits suicide, 733 ,80, ,8S; Intelligence concerning, sent Stettin (Germany): Jews deponed from, 'Suicide Group': a German pilot to Stalin, 385; Soviet successes at, 387, 49; German troops embark at, 51; an proposes, 504 390, 39S, 397, 398; Goebbels declares escape through, SIO; Hitler demands Stumme, General: dies of a heart attack, 'victory' at, 398; von Paulus the holding of the railway line to, 643; 37[ surrenders at, 398; two days of acquired by Poland, 711; and the 'iron Stumpff', General Hans-Jurgen: signs mourning over, in Berlin, 399 curtain', 72.8 the instrument of surrender, 690 'StaJingrad Action~: in the Kovno Stettinius, Edward R.: and Molotov, Sturdy (Brnish submarine): sinks a ghetto, 399 686 Japanese cargo ship, with its Stalino (Russia): Germans reach, 14S; S[evens, Major R. H.: kidnapped, '7; passengers, 6 I 4 Germans evacuate, 459 his kidnapper's promotion, 94~5 Stur,bolm (Swedish merchant ship): Stanislawow (Poland): and Soviet (Austria): bombed, SOl and an act of rescue, 138 partisans, 101; Jews deported to the Stieff, Major-General Helmuth: and the Stuugart (Germany): bombed, S04; deaths from, 310; Red Army enters, Hitler bomb plot, 55' French forces enter, 669 S6. Stilwell, General Joseph ('Vinegar Stutthof (Danzig): a concentration Star of David: to be 'a message to go Joe'): withdraws from China to India, camp at, I,,; PoJes murdered ac, 31.; all over the world', S76 3>1 Jews murdered at, 57; mass Stara Gradiska (Yugoslavia): Jews Stimson, Henry L.: and the atomic evacuation from, 633; evacuees from, murdered at, 390 bomb, 673-4, 696, 704-S, 707, 708 killed by Allied bombs, 6n; evacuees Staraya RUSSI (Russia): Germans cut Stip (Greece): partisan activity near, from, at Lubeck, 683-4 off ncar, }03; Germans finally driven 60[ Subi, Bay (Philippines): Japanese from, 499 Stirling Island (Solomons): New troops sent from, 2.95 Staraya Sinyava (Russia): Jews Zealanders land on, 47 [ Suchorebry (poland): fate of Soviet murdered in, 2. 3S (Sweden): 464; and a British prisoners-of-war in, 373 Stark, Hans: 'I believed in the Fuhrer', deception, 52.1; a V2. rocket examined Suchumi (Black Sea): a German 740 in, 539 objective, }63 Stark, Admiral Harold R.: and Stojka, S[anislaw: shot, 435 Sud a Bay (Cre[e): Italian naval action Japanese intentions, 2.63; and a Stok, Flight Lieutenant van der: in, 165 'warning" 2.6 .. escapes, 510 Sudan: a survIvor reaches England Starokonstantinov (Russia): a Soviet Stolbtsy (White Russia): Germans through,77 defence line at, .z.05 driven back to, S.... Sudetenland: and Hitler's 'mission', IIi Starr, George ('Hilaire'): sabotage by, Straden (Germany): Churchill flies expulsions from, 69~700 484, S43 from, to view the battlc, 652. Suez Canal (Egypt): 90, 136, '4S; Stary Ciepielow (Poland): Poles killed (Germany): victims from, 32. danger to, I57i Rommel's plans for in, 384 Strank, Scrgeam Michael: and an Iwo capture of, 177; urgent need for Stary Oksyol (south Russia): Germans Jima photograph, 643 defence of, 187; British to be driven driven from, 399 Strasbourg (France): Germans advance from, [89; Rommel's final thrust Stauffenberg, Ljeutenant Claus von: to, 97-8; medical experiments in, 2.99; towards, 357 gravely wounded in Tunisia, "19; and skeleton collection at, to be destroyed, Suffolk, 20th Earl of: in France, 95; the growing opposition to Hitler, 5.... , 608; Allies enter, 613-4; a war crimes killed, [83 H', SH-4, HS, SS6; and the Bomb trial at, 730 'Sugar Loar (Okinawa): battle for, Plot, 557-8; a cousin of, hanged, 566; Strasbourg (French battle cruiser): 694-5 the man who arrested him, hanged, escapes, 107 Sukhiniki (Russia): Russians retake, 2.96 6so Strassburg (Volga): deponations from, Sukosan (Yugoslavia): bombed, SOS Stavanger (Norway): and the German '3' Sulejow (Poland): bombed, 4 invasion of Norway, ,,2., "S, .. 8, s.z., 'Stratford': to land in Norway, "1.; and Suluks: revolt of, 469 53; an execution at, 379 Finland,46 Sumatra (Dutch East Indies): death of, INDEX

~O?; oil installations on, bombarded, soldiers', 11.5; Hitler's forecast for the (Estonia): evacuation of, 12.7; 708; a Japanese surrender on, 71 S jews in, '!is; to allow jews in, 357; • murders in, S '-4; Red Army enters, Sumy (Ukraine): Russians recapture, secret design smuggled through, 463- s96 406 4; Jews smuggled to, 512.; news of Tamandu (Burma): japanese driven 'Sunday': helps escapees, ,88 Auschwitz reaches, 5-46j negotiations from, 646 Su"day Exp,... (Londnn): its headline, through, and an execution, &01; Tamils: 'die like flie.', 41' as Red Army advances, 486 bombs fall on, in error, 6+4, 6-45; an Tamu (India·Surma border): a mission Su"day Times (london): reports 5S General negotiates with the Allies crosses, -404 whereabouts nf an ss officer, 741-3 in, 648; and the surrender of Japan, Tanaka, Colonel: no prisoners to be Sundberg, Dolores: dies, ~ I 716 taken by, 180 Su"doum~, (priva.e yacht): at Dunkirk, 'Sword' Beach (Normandy): landing a., Tanambogo (Solomons): laoding on, 8, l34 HO Suner, Serano: meets Hider, 143 Sword of Honour: awarded (to Tangmere (southern England): Suomussalmi (Finland): battle at, ~4> 36 Stalingrad),406 missions to France from, 468, 47S 'Super Fortress': bombs japan, 540 Swords (to Knight's Cross): awarded, Tank Annihilation Squads: on the Surcou( (French submarine): a sailor 86,688-

Terek Region (Caucasus): counter· shot down (1944), 566'"7; his remains deported to their deaths from, 3 [5 attack in, 383 found, and buried (1985),74' Tobruk (Libya): t04, [09, 148, 149; the Terioki (Finland): Finns enter, 2.2.8 Thyssen, Fritz: his protest, 36 Italians driven from, IS 3; Australian Termoli (Italy): a rescue mission from, Tibbets, Colonel Paul: and the atomic troops besieged in, 171., 175,2.05; to 5'7 bomb,595 be "eliminated', 189; a ship sunk off, Tessy (Normandy): a Panzer Division Tientsin (China): Japanese action at, 1.62., German siege of. broken, 2.6S' reaches, 543 '75 Rommel withdraws west of, 2.79; Thadden, Elizabeth von: berrayed, and Tiergarten (Berlin): fighting in, 676 Rommel advances towards, 2.93; arrested, 460; hanged, 589 Tiesenhausen, Lieutenant von: sinks Rommel attacks, 316; Rommel takes, Thadmann, Ernst: shot, 58Z. the Barham, 2.62. HSj an unsuccessful attack on, 360; Thailand (Siam): japanese invade, '76; Tiger Tanks: in action at Kursk. 443 Rommel's fuel ships sunk at, 371; and the 'Railway of Death', 336, 345, Tigris (British submarine): in North Rommel forced to abandon, 378 701; end of the war in, 7U; and a Russia,1.l·3 Todt, Dr Fritz: and the labour camp route of pilgrimage, 738""""9 Tikhvin (near Leningrad): Germans system, 46. So; and Hitler's musings, Thames Estuary (England): and approach, 2.S3i Germans occupy, 2.54; 145; his warnings, .66, .83; killed, convoys, 7; and the magnetic mine, Russians attack, 2.74; Russians gain, 2.99; his funeral, 301 '9 175, 283 T odt Organization: see index entry for Thanbyuzayat (Burma): and the Tilsit (Germany): Jews murdered near, Organization Todt 'Railway of Death', 336 113 To Hell and Back (film): a soldier's Thasos (Greece): Germans occupy, 176 Time magazine (New York): a report story, 634 Thaton (Burma): Japanese in, in, from Saipan Island, 541 Togo, Shigenori: and a japanese surrender, 71.5 Tjme and Tide (London): a protest to, message about a negotiated peace, The Eternal few (film): anti-Semitic, 48 701; votes for surrender, 716 144, lSI Time Square (New York): dancing in, T ojo, General Hideki: comes to power The Golden Gate in Forty·Eight': An 673 in Tokyo, 145; executed, 733 American soldiers' slogan. 655 Timor (Ouch East Indies): struggle on, Tokyo Gapan): a new Government in (London): and a jewish '97 (july 1940), II I; Intelligence reports pledge, 6; and 'Mass Butchery in Timoshenko, General Semyon reach Stalin from, 45,1"3, 147, 162., Poland', 332; and an act of sabotage· Konstantinovich: and Finland, 41; and 168,183,2.06,224, 2.4S; information deception, 453; and a protest about the German danger, IS8, 168, 191; required by, about Pearl Harbour, Hirohito's funeral, 745 final preparations by, 19}; and the eve 164; a practice black our in, 2.49; and Theresienstadt (north of Prague): a of war, 194, 196; and [he coming of the order to attack Pearl Harbour, concentration camp ghetto war, 199; and the Soviet withdrawal 2.53; reinforcements sent for, from, established at, 166; jews deported from Kiev, 136; and the defence of 195; bombed, 3'7, 311, 3'4,645,648, from, to their deaths, 332., 348, 351, Stalingrad, HI 696; and Guadalcanal, 39'; and the 37',395,461,465,5°7,595,598,608; Tinian Island (Marianas): battle on, death of Yamamoto, "1.0; a message Jews from, at , 548j 541, 5S9; mass suicide on, S63-4; to, about Hitler's strategy, read in Jews being deported ro, as the war American bombers from, attack London and Washington, 492.; a ends, 691 Tokyo, 648; the atomic bomb message to, about no imminent cross­ Thermopylae (Greece): Allied defence brought to, 709; two atomic bombs Channel landing, read in London, 51.1. of, 175; Allied troops forced to flown from, 71Z., 715 and the Normandy Landings withdraw from, 176 Tinnsjo, Lake (Norway): heavy water deception, 555; and Resistance in Thessaly (Greece): resistance in, 465, goest to bottom of, 500 Italy, s87, and the German oil 539 Tipperary (Eire): a hero from, 138 shortage, 591, 616; a Soviet spy Theune (Walcheren Island): a bombing Tippoo Sultan: his descendant a executed in, 6IIj and the atomic disaster in, S98 Resistance heroine, 438 bomb, 675, 694; and the resolve to Thiel, Dr: killed, 453 Tirpitz (German battleship): in fight on 'to the biner end', 697; and Thi.lbeck (German refugee ship): at preparation, 114j in the ArctiC, 308; the sinking of the Indjanapolis. 709; a Liibeck, 683-4; sunk, 684 its dry dock, attacked, 3Il.; in final bombing raid on, 718; MacArthur Thielt (Belgium): a gap near, 76 northern Norway, 340; a plan of moves to, 72.3; war crimes trials to be Thierack, Ono: and the fate of attack against, 372.; disabled, 463; held in, 7.8 'asocials', 36[; commits suicide, 731 bombed, 51 3; sunk, 612 Tokyo Bay (japan): and the surrender Thijssen, Jan: shot, 646 Tisza River (Hungary): Soviet forces of Japan, 72.I~2. Thionville (France): bombed, 511 cross, 601, 608 Tokyo War Crimes Trials: evidence at, Third World War, the: the 'first Titanic (): 5, 82. 30 2.,639 casualty' in, 72.0 Titian: paintings by. evacuated, 2.06 T olbukhin, Marshal Fedor Ivanovich: Thirty Years' War: cited as a precedent Tico (josip Broz): leads Communist and rhe liberation of the Crimea, SIS, for mass murder, 735 partisan forces in YugoslaVia, 181., 511 Thomas, General Wilhelm Riner von: 2.07-8, 2.36j a British emissary reaches, Tolmezzo (Italy): Italian partisans and the German rocket bomb, 416 '36; anacked by Mihailovic, '55; an killed near, 600 Thomas, Sergeant Ernest T.: raises the anti-partisan sweep against, 392.,43 I, Toner, Second Lieutenant Robert F.: flag, 6~. 436,; British air supplies for, 440j an dies in the desert, 4 I 8; his skeleton Tomas F. Nickt'l (us destroyer): sunk, Allied mission at, 462.; continued and his diary discovered, 739 717 efforts of, 472.; forced to move his Tonkiele (Poland): Soviet prisoners-of­ Thomsen. Hans: and 'Magic', 178 headquarters yet again, 489; an war murdered ac, 482. Thor (German commerce raider): its offensive by, S2.I; a German attempt Tonkin, J. E.: parachuted behind success. 169 to capture, S2.7j fights side by side with German lines, HI Thousand Year Reich, the: at an end, Red Army, 587; flies to Moscow, 596; Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Paris): 681; recalled, 7'9 signs a treaty with the Soviet Union, wreaths laid at (1940), 140 Thrace (a province of Greece): to be 661 Tone (japanese heavy cruiser): sunk, annexed by Bulgaria. 176; Tiulenev, General: and the imminence 709 deportation of Jews from, 414 of war, 194 Toombs, Private Alfred: eye-witness to Thiimmd, Paul: a vital source, 2.S, Tjebla Island (off Sumatra): deaths on, a massacre, 78~ 110 30 7 Topf, j. A. and Son: renew a Thuringia (Germany): and Dr Karl Tjilatjap (java): an abortive mission to, crematorium patent, 737 Brandt's dismissal, 666 30 4 Topham, Corporal F.G.: his courage, Thursby, Flight Sergeant Reginald: Tlumacz (Eastern Galicia): Jews 65' INDEX

Topola (Yugoslavia): and a reprisal 466,488, 5 I,,; a panisan from, shot, Tula (RussJa): evacuations from, l.O6; action, 143 593; and the 'iron curtain', 718 hattie near, 1.68; parachutists trained Torgau (Elbe): American and Soviet Trignano viaduct (Italy): attacked, IS7 at, 369 forces meet at, 673 (Ceylon): naval losses at, Tulagi (Solomon Islands): Japanese: Torigni (Normandy): a German }IS arrack on, 31.1.; landing on, HO; barrie Division reaches, 543 Trinidad: German submarines near, near, 'P9 Torun (Poland): a concentration camp 301 Tulasne, Major Jean-Louis: in action at, 14; encircled, 634 T,inidad (Sritish cruiser): crippled, at Kursk, 445 Tosno (near Leningrad): fighting at, 3'4; sunk, }1S Tulle (France): reprisals in, 5,6; 495 Tripartite Pact (of Germany, Italy and ambushes near, 543 Total War Mobilization: Goering made Japan): [41; Roumania and Slovakia Tulloch, Major: behind the line in

Reich Commissar for I H9 join, 143; Bulgaria refuses to join, 149; Burma. 667-8 T ouff, Rabbi Elio: warned in time, 466 Bulgaria joins, 160; Yugoslavia joins, Tunis (Tunisia): to be held, }76, }83, T oul (France): two Gennan spies 165; denounced, 166 419; the Jews In, and the Italians, 386; executed at, 611 Tripoli (Libya): German to be 'the Verdun of the Toulon (France): French warships reinforcements for, 153, [57; Hider Mediterranean' (Hitler), 419; battle reach, 107; German plans to control, urges retention of, 156; petrol barges for, 4]9, 415; captured, 415; 146,383; Allied landing near, S68, S71; sunk near, 393; Germans and Italians Pantelleria Island attacked from, 438 Allies entet, S81 driven from, 395 Tunisia: the struggle for, 316, 317, 378, Toulouse (France): an airman shot Tripolitania (Libya): 'must be held', }83, }84-S. 387, }89, 39/>,401,406, down over, reaches safety, .U5; a 149 410, 41 S~; final phase of the battle in, German Division moves from, '43 Triumphal Arch: to be built in Serlin, 4]9, 412. 42.5; Axis surrender in, ,,16 Tournai (France): Germans advance to, 148 'Tunisian Tip': Axis forces withdraw 7S Ttobriand Islands (Pacific): Americans into, 416 Tours (France): French Government at, land on, 4}9 Turciansky St. Manin: seized, 580 93; a Sritish agent lands at, 338--<); Tromso (Norway): King Haakon Turek (Poland): ill-treatment of Jews sabotage ncar, S S I embarks from. 88; Jews deported in, 14 Tovey, Admiral Sir John: and the from, 105; submariners buried in, 463; Turin (Italy): bombed, 90, 450; a pilot destruction of the Bismarck, 186 Tirpitz sunk at, 611 killed over, 317; a strike in, -410; Tractor Factory (Stalingrad): holds out, Trondheim (Norway): Allied plans for, Italian partisans active near, 587; }69 4', 4S, 48, S', 5}, SS, S6. 58; Hider', Italian partisans seize control of, 674- Trajkovic, Sloboda: murdered, 456 plans for, 196,191; Jews deported 5; American troops enter, 680 Transcaucasia (Soviet Union): to be from, 105; and a deception plan, 347; Turkey: proclaims 'non-bel1igerency', used as a German base, J 89 and a torpedo mission, 372.; 104; and Hitler's eastern plans, 137; Transjordan Frontier Force: enters executions in, 373; and an Allied maintains neutrality, 166; Jews find Iraq, 182. deception plan, 494; a German refuge in, 46 S; and an Allied deception Transition Agreement: establishes bomber seeks sanctuary in Britain ptan, 494; and a British-organized West Germany as a State, 735-6 from, 683 escape line. 495~; ends chrome 'Transportation': a plan to destroy Troppe, Alfred: warns Hitler, 666 shipments to Germany, 517; declares German railway yards, 519, 530 Trotobas, Michael: parachuted into war on Germany, 645; Soviet pressure Trans-Siberian Railway: and Soviet France, 378; his sabotage mission, on, 718 goods for Germany, [79 440; caught and killed, 477 Turku (Finland): attack on, repulsed, H Transylvania: Red Army emers, 60] Trott.u Sol., Adam von: hanged. S8[ Turnu Severin (Roumania, Danube): Trappes (France): bombed, S07, 530 'Troy' (escape line): an organizer of, Red Army reaches, 584 Treaty of Dunkirk: signed, 731 executed, 67} Tuscany (Italy): and a parachute : and Poland, [9; Truk Island (Carolines): Americans mission, 525 and 'unconditional surrender", 7[[ attack, 499i Americans attack again. Tutcheva, Vera: her husband Treblinka (Poland): a death camp at, 510; Japanese troops on, surrender, rehabilitated,739 ~9Z., 310, 3-43-4, 347, 35 1 , ,H4, 369, 711 Tuttlingen (Upper Danube): a mass 370, 376, 391, 393, 510; revolt at, 446i Truman, Harry S.: succeeds Roosevelt, grave discovered at, 673 discovery of evidence concerning, 734 66.; and the death of Ernie Pyle, 668; Twelfth British Army: and an Allied Troncin (Slovakia): uprising in, S83 and the atomic bomb, 673-4, 675-6, deception, 493-4 Trent, Leonard Henry: his leadership, 696-"7,7°7,708,711,716-7; and the Two-Ocean Navy Expansion Act: 4ZS American-Soviet demarcation line in signed, III Trentino (Italy): Germans take control Europe, 68c; Churchill sets out his Tyre (Lebanon): British troops enter, 189 in, 463 fears to, 686-'7; at Potsdam, 706-7; Tysz.elman, Szmul: executed, 12.1-3 T,ento (Italian heavy cruiser): sunk, and an offer of peace to Japan, 707- }33 8,708-9; and Japan's willingness to U-29 (German submarine): and the Trepper, Leopold: one of Stalin's spies, surrender, 716-'7 Courageous. 10 150 ,159,133 Trus, Kirill: executed, 2.51 U-}o: and the Athenia, 4 Treschkow, Major-General Henning Truskolasy (Poland): Poles executed at, U-31: forced to surface, ] 33 von, 118; and the first and second 4 U-j}: sunk, 4S German officers' plans to ki1l Hitler T sakiropolous (a member of the U--47: sinks the Royal Oak, 11~ sunk, ]61 (March [943),411,414; commits Foreign Legion): decapitated, 693 U-8!: sinks the A,1t R.oyal, lSj suicide (july '944), SS8 Tschurkin, Ivan: killed, 611 U-96: sunk, 6SS T reuenbriet.en (south of Serlin): Red Tsimlyansky (southern Russia): U-I (0: captured, 180 Army enters, 671 Germans reach, 347 U-156: sinks the Laconia, 360 Tributs: Admiral Vladimir Filipovich: Tsymbal: Sergeant Andrei: a partisan, U-176: destroyed, 4" and German plans, 193, 194; and the in action, .5 10 U·191: sunk, 415 evacuation of Tallinn, ~l. 7 Tuapse (Slack Sea): a German U-134: surrenders to the Americans (ll. T,ident (British submarine): in North objective, 363 May 1945), 693 Russia, 113; torpedoes the Prinz 'Tube Alloys': atomic bomb research, U-}ll: sinks the Barham, 2.61 Eugen, 30l.-3 141,319,348; and German U-SS9: sunk off the Nile Delta, 373-4 Tri Duby (Slovakia): and an escape line, installations, 667 U-S67: lost without trace, .z.h S9}-4 Tuchola (Poland): Hitler visits, 6 U-6}0: sunk, 41S (Italy): German control in, 463; Tuguegarao (philippines): Japanese: U-. 3}6: sinks two Allied merchant Jews deported to Auschwitz from, capture, 178 ships (on 7 May 1945),689 INDEX

Ube (japan): bombed, 711 United Nations War Crimes United States Treasury: and money for Udct, Ernst: insulted, liS; commits Commission: estalished, 469 resistance in Poland, 412. suidde, 2.57 United States. the: and the Athenia, 4; Unknown Soldier of the Second World Uelzen (Germany): a German counter­ and a peace mission, 48; 'powerful aid· War: a memorial to, unveiled ('958), attack ncar, 666 from, 81, 91-2.; and the fall of France. 738 Ukraine, the: German designs on, U ..O; 93. 94, 97; and the sinking of the Unter den Linden (Berlin): and Dachau. the evacuation of factories from, [99; Lancastria, 98j industrial resources of, 678 Jews killed in, ,118"""'9; battles in, 131; and France, 99; and the future of Upham, Second Lieutenant Charles: his poor roads of, 183, Soviet partisans Britain, 103; irs tenacious neutrality, courage, 185 in, 383; discontent in, 458 104; its continuing aid to Britain, 106, Upper Silesia: repression in, 4; mass Ulex, General: prote.t., 43 107,113,136,139,148, 156, 186; and evacuations from, 631; acquired by Uljan I.land (Yugoslavia): Italians Mers-eI-Kebir, '07; and Japan (in Poland,7II occupy, [73 1940), loB, l09i volunteers from, Ural mountains: 181,2.07,111,2.2.6; to Ullersdorf (Germany): slave labour at, reach Britain, lIS; senior officers be Russia's new frontier, 135; 5'5 from, reach Britain, uo; Intelligence factories transferred to, 2.41, 145, 1.75 Ulm (Germany): Rommel's State sharing of, with Britain, 154; and a Ural Marti (japanese transport ship): funeral in, &0:. German spy, 'H;and China (in '940), torpedoed, 597-8 Ulster (Northern Island): American U9; the 'arsenal of democracy', 148j Uranium: as a source of explosive troops reach, '95 warns Russia of impending attack, power, r .. , 167,111,384; and a 'Ulna': the combined 'Enigma', ,60; and the Jews, [87; 386; 550; and German factory, to be bombed, 645; 'Purple' and 'C)8m' decrypts, Iceland, 190, 1.08; German and Italian handed to a Soviet diplomat, 70' brought into a standard form, 42.9; assets in, frozen, 190; Churchill's Uranus: and uranium, 167 and the German withdrawal across broadcast to (june '94'), '9'; and the Ursd (Belgium): a gap near, "J6 the Straits of Messina, 4SI; and the atomic bomb, ~I2., 1.71, ,6" ,84, 399. Uruguay: and the Graf S"ee, H Normany Landings deception plans, 42.0,434,50 5,591 ,594-5,61.5,61.8, Urville-Hague (Cherbours Peninsula): 4'4; and General Guderian's itinerary, 673-4,696-7,7°-4,707,7°8, 711j aid an intercept station at, destroyed, 531 S17; and German strength in north­ to Russia from, 2.18, 12.3, 13~40' 1SI­ Ushachi (White Russia): Jews western France, P9. 5:1.1, 518~; and " '96, )67, 658; and Japan (in '94')' murdered at, 1.91 oil, 52.3; and a proposed German rusc, 2.16,22.2.,116,2.38,1.45,2.6,,1.68,2.71; Ushijima, General: commits suicide, 700 52. 3; and the German assessment of and Germany (in 1941),2.30,2-«-5, Ushio (japanese destroyer): PUI out of Allied cross-Channel timing, H'; and 2.SS; Roumania and Bulgaria declare action, 611; survives the war, 709 the effect of Allied deception plans in war on, .80; Combined Chief. of Staff Usmianl, Major Antonio: released, 648 Normandy, 533, 540, 55~; and the set up in, 182; German submarine Ustachi: mass murder by, 115, 147 Normandy battle, H6, H8--9, HO, successes off, 1.90,318, 330j and the 'Utah' Beach (Normandy): an 543, 566, 567; and the 'Flying Bomb', Philippines, 116, 153, 1.61, 3063, 2.71, American landing on. S34i a German 551-1; and German fuel shortages, '75, )07, 39', 485,59',596,60', 604- naval attack on, 538 577; and Hitler's orders to hold the 5, 606, 730; troops from, reach Britain, Utrecht (Holland): 'Death Candidates' Scheidt, 585; and growing partisan 191,1.95; troops from, surrender in in, 646 activity in northern Italy, 587; and the Rangoon, 306; Signals Intelligence Uzda (Russia): an anti-Partisan sweep pressure on German raiways, 61O-IJ; successes of, HO, 368, 41S--6, 491, 70lj near, 460 and the arrest of German agents in and an Enigma success, 330i a Uzice (Yugoslavia): Tiro's panisans America, 6'5; and the Allied bombing japanese submarine off the Paci6c capture, 1. 36 of the Saar road and rail network, Coast of, 3)6; aid to British forces in 614; and '" 639i and Egypt from, 336, 337, 338; and the 'V[': the German pilotless plane German atomic energy research, 64S; Dieppe raid, 3H; Japanese bombs fall ('Flying Bomb'), in preparation, 434, and the Granville raid (March '945), on, 359; an airman from, betrayed, 457,463-4,474,479,497, 50S; 648; and the crossing of the Rhine, 436; 'we cannot reach', (Hider), 473; launched, S39, 541, 645; used against 6S1; and a counter~offensive in the protests against the deportation of Antwerp, 601 Ruhr, 657j and a counter-attack Hungarian Jews, HO; and the Warsaw 'V1': the German rocket bomb, 333, towards Eisenach, 659; and a grave uprising, S68, 570, 571; to have a post­ 434,453,474; Ihe assembly faclory German food shortage, 674 war veto, S74, 701; imposes a veto on for, bombed, 439; misfired, is see also index entries for 'Enigma', news on kamikaze pilots, 617; war examined in Sweden and in Britain, 'Magic', 'Purple', 'C)8m' dead of (by January '945),6'9; and 539i a warning concerning, 557; fails Uman (Ukraine): Hitler and Mussolini Hiroshima, 675-6, 694, 710, 7U·-4, to explode, and smuggled into Britain, visit, 115; mass murder of Jews at, 133 715; and Nagasaki, 715-16; and 561; launched against Britain, 589, Umanskii, Constantine Alexandrovich: japan '5 suggestion for a negotiated 594,614,640,641,648; launched 160; receives warntngs of German peace, 701; a Signals Intelligence against Antwerp, 612., 614-5, 61.1; intentions, 163 failure of, 709-10; German scientists evacuated from Peenemiindc, 643; Umezu, General Yoshijiro: signs reach, 72.4; and pose-war atomic launched from Holland, 64 •• 6,,: instrument of surrender, 722. power, 71.~30; war dead brought tested, by the British, 71.4 Uncle Sam: not on Bataan, 194 back to, 733; agreements of, with V.E. Day (Victory in Europe Day): 690 Union Faclory (Auschwitz): 5'5,6'3; japan, 735; and Nazi war criminals, Vac (Hungary): Red Army crosses and a revolt at Auschwitz, 600 742.,744; jews from, revisit Germany, Danube at, 616 Union Jack: flies again, in Singapore, 743; wartime deat~ loll of, 741> 'Valentin' (Lieutenant Joly): killed, 554 7'3 See also index entries for Valetta Harbour (MalIa): bombed, [50; 'United Nations': established, 2.86i Roosevelt, Washington, 'Ultra', a convoy enters, 381. committed to the 'destruction' of 'Magic', 'Purple' Valiant (British batdeship): reaches German and japanese , 302.; United States Army Air Force: and war Egypt, 111.; escorts troops to Crete, and aid to Russia, 395; and the supplies for Britain (1940),66; and oil, 148; in action off Matapan, 166; continuing war, 484; and the 'grand 5'3 damaged off Crete, [85; badly pacification' of Europe, 71.8""'9 United States Congress: and Japan, 108; damaged at Alexandria, .80 United Nations Charter: signed, 701j and Lend Lease, 149; and the arming 'Valter': Tito's name in Moscow, 181 .and the future of Europe, 72.8~ of American merchant ships, 2.55; Vampire (British destroyer): sunk, 31S United Nations Children's Emergency Churchill's address to, 430 Van Dyk: paintlOgs by, evacuated, 106 Fund (UNICEF): established, 73' United States : an early Vandegrift, Major-General Alexander United Nations Organization: target of, 378; strikes into Germany, A.: and Japanese soldiers in action, eslalished, 574 397,4'3; launches 'Blitz Week', +16 HO INDEX

Vanhove, Joseph Jan: a German spy, and the Jews, Hl ..... ; occupied by Himmler's successor~at, dismissed, hanged, H4 Germany, }77, }8} 676 Vanncs (France): occupied, 100; a Victor Emmanuel, King of Italy: and (Russia): ~OI, ~I4; Soviet clandestine operation at, 161 the lall 01 Mussolini, 446, 448; partisans near, 12.1,309,351, Jews Valican,lhe: warned, 59; warninp sent soldiers loyal to, 461 murdered in, ~4}, ~8I; a defence line out from, 59; shelters Jews, 467 V ictoria, Queen: 58, 465 to be strengthened ncar, 0461; Russians Vaulol, Eugene: wins Ihe Knight's Victoria Cross: awarded 42., II" 1)8, attack east of, 0468; a tenacious Cross, 676, 679 IS4, 101,2.80,1.87,312.,316.317,35", German defence at, .. 71; an eye­ Vederso (Denmark): a funeral in, 488 4>5,4'7, 46}, 477, sa, 539, 540, 567, witness to mass murder at, 480; battle Vedral, General: killed, 604 59",595,6+4,652-,670, 110; a winner for, 485; a panisan success at, 544; Vecsenma),cr, ss Brigadier-General Dr of, killed five years later on a bombing Red Army enters, 546; a German Edmund: and the deportation 01 Jews mission, 681-3 general captured near, paraded in from Hungary, 52.7 Victoria Point (Burma): evacuated, 178 Moscow,SS6 Vegesack (Germany): bombed, 4'} Victoria Station (London): a plane Villel (France): Jews sent 10 Auschwitz (Russia): battle at, 117; crashes on, 115; a 'Flying Bomb' hits, from, 52.0 partisans near, 309; Germans driven 548; a boat train leaves, for Paris, 630; Vivant, Louis: escapes, .." from, 390 Hirohito met at, 74J Vizagapatam (India): bombed, 3I S Velizh (Russia): partisans near, }09 Victorious (British aircraft carrier): in Vladivostok (Soviet Far Easl): and Vella Lavella Island (Solomons): action, 301 Japan, }1>; an American bomber Americans land on, 451; Japanese 'Victory or Siberia': a slogan in Berlin, crashes near, 318 hold out on, 466 6}7 Vodice (Yugoslavia): bombed, 50S Velletri (Italy): Amoricans enter, 5.7 : in the Soviet Union (9 Vogelsang (East Prussia): fighting near, Venev (near Moscow): Germans May 1945),69.; in Yugoslavia (15 689 attacked at, 1.59; Germans drive May '945),694 Volga River (Ru,sia): 147; Soviet troops Russians from, 2.6.1; battle near, 1.68 Vienna (Austria): 7; and Hitler's mission, move westward from, 181; children Venice (Italy): a report from, about "; Jews depotted from, ~3, ~4S. ~6}, evacuated to, 1CL4, deportations from, Italian resistance, 58? 32.9, 504; and Napoleon's son, 102.; Z,31; factory evacuations to, 1,,1,45; Venlo (Holland): a kidnap at, .6 Hitler in, 160, 165; Flak Towers to be Soviet Government evacuated to, 1. ...; Ventotene Island (Bay of Naples): built in, 365; Jews from, at Maly and Hitler's proposed 'East Wall', captured, 461 Trostenets, 5~8; executions in, 598; 311.; German forces reach, 3551 lS8; a Vercars (France); an anti-Resistance Red Army approaches, 646, 654, 657; counter-attack on, 359; Siberian sweep in, 557 fighting in suburbs of, 659, 660; Red troopS cross, 363; Soviet soldiers Verdun (France): the 'hero' of, 81; Army master of, 666; future of, ferried to safety across, 36,; battle on captured by the Germans, 96, 97; discussed at Potsdam, 70S; in the banks 01, at Stalingrad, }77 Tunis to be 'the Verdun of the 'Soviet sphere', 718 Volkenrode (Germany): aviation Mediterranean I, .11 9; an attempted Vietingholl, General von: refused experts brought to Britain from, 701.­ suicide (1944) on the battlefield 01, 558 permission to withdraw, 667; agrees } Verona (Italy): Jews deported to to unconditional surrender, 676 Valltisthor Beobocht., (Berlin): and the Auschwitz from, 564; Italian panisans Vigan (Philippines): Japanese land at, Russian soldier'. 'contempt for in, betrayed, 593 .76 death" 2.0.; and the imminent arrival Verkhne-Bakanskaya (Caucasus): Viipuri (Finland): attacked, 47 01 the Allies On German soil, 587 reprisals aI, 383 Vila (Kolombangara Island): skirmish Volkovysk (Poland): a signals centre, Vermork (Norway): to be attacked, 011,449 19~ }19; parachutists near, 376; a second Villaines (France): two commandos Vologda (Russia): railway line to, cut, parachute landing near, 40.; a killed at, l7} ·53 bombing raid on, 475 Villefranche (France): fighting at, 100 Volokolamsk (Moscow region): Vernon (France): British troops cross Vilna (poland): Jews murdered near, Germans reach, 1S1; courage near, Seine at, S80; Allies advance beyond, 1.I3, 2.17. 2.19, 118-30, 1 ..9, 1.50; Jews 159; Russians rec;:apture, 178 581 in ghetto of, 167; the fate of a Soviet Volos (Greece): ships sunk at, 16. Verona (Italy): Italian troops leave lor prisoner.of-war and a Jewess in, 181; Voltai,. (British armed merchant Russia from, 101; a trial, and Jews mourn in, 186; Jews in, cruiser): sunk, 169 executions in, 488; a parachutist, contemplate resistance, 1.93; sabotage Vomecourt, Pierre de: parachuted into tortured in, 515; Jews deponed to and reprisals in, 331; a Jewish revolt France (1 .... 1), 180 Auschwitz from, 546 near, 516; the Red Army enters, SS4; Vonnegul, Kurt: and the aftermalh of Versailles (France): Germans to enter, acquired by Russia, 71 J Dresden, 641-. 9 1 Vincennes (us heavy cruiser): sunk, 350 Vormann, General Nikolaus von: 6nds Vershovsky (Mayor of Kremenchug): Vinnitsa (Ukraine); Germans advance Hitler ~a tired, broken man', 597 shot, 139 towards.., 2.06; Jews kiUed in, 2.19, 2.35; Voronezh (Russia): a German Versis, Major: commits suicide, 17S Hitler's 'Werewolf' headquaners in, objective, Jl1; captured, 3,,0; a Velasquez: paintings by, evac;:uated, l.QfI 34}, H~, 358, 359, }65o }67, }68; Red German defence line ncar, 341; Velichko, Captain P. A.: parachuted Army enters, S 10 Germans driven from, 397; battles into Sloyakia, 561i seizes a Slovak Vinogradov, General: in Finland, }4, 36 west of, 398 town, 580 Vire (Normandy): Americans enter, S61 Voroshiloy, Marshal Klimenti:.fl., 1-+" Vian, Captain Philip: rewarded, 41 Vis Island (Adriatic Sea): Tilo 8ie, to 199,106 Vianga (Nonh Russia): British pilato in Moscow from, s~ Voroshilovgrad (southern Russia): action near, 2. 33 Visegrad (Yugoslavia): a German Germans lose, ,,02. IVic": an esc;:ape line, .75 defence line at, 615 'Vulture': a German cypher key, Vichy France: Petain's Government at, Vishinsky, Andrei: and the-Warsaw broken, 2.01, 2.37 106; and French Indo-China, 108, 111, uprising, 570 Vyazma (Russia): Germans advance 116; Hitler's demands on, 133, 134; Vistel, Alban: his protest, 5.8 towards, 2.17; pattisan activity to be possible British bombing of, I}5; and Vistula River (Poland): and the carried out near, 2.17; a defence line Syria, 137, 168, 188-9, 19.. ; loses Gcrman~Soviet panition of Poland, near, 118; Russians driven back to, Gabon, 14J; Hitler's planned .1>; and the Red Army'. advance, 56.; 142.; Russians forced to abandon, 2,43; occupation of, 146; police force of, and the Warsaw uprising, 566, 593, panisan activity near, ~, P. 7; hand over a refugee, IS 1-1; and S94 Russian parachute tI'OOpI reach, 191; Madagascar, 3~}; and the Allied Vistula Army Group: Himmler given Red Army liberale., 4'0; German landings in North Africa, 344, }76; command of, 634; in action, 640; retreat west of, 041'" INDEX

Vytegra (North Russia): carrying out executions. 2.56 'Wasp': a German air corps key, reinforcements group at, 2.67 Ward (US destroyer transport): hit by broken, 2.87 a kamikaze pilot, 617 Wasp (US aircraft carrier CV-7): takes Wachtel, Colonel: and the 'Flying Warlimont, Colonel Walther: and the planes towards Malta, 318; a second Bomb" 540 German plans against Russia. I J 3. Mediterranean 'dash' by, 319; sunk, Waddell, Sub-Lieutenant Alexander: 115, 145 in the Pacific, 361 on a Japanese-held island, 47' : awarded, 669 Wasp (US aircraft carrier CV-18): Wadke Island (Pacific): battle on, 5.6 Warm Springs (Georgia): Roosevelt successor to CV-7, a suicide bomb Waechtler, Fritz: executed, 668 dies at, 662. attack on, 650 Wageningen (Holland): German Wartenburg, Count Peter Yorck von: Waskiewicz, Pilot Officer Mieczyslaw: surrender signed in, 687 opposes Nazism, 450; hanged, 566 killed, '74 Wagner, General Eduard: and 'guerrilla 'War victim': an executed war criminal Walerhen (an Australian warship): war', Si and Hitler's 'intention', 6; and acquires status of, 735 sunk, 205 the death sentence, 8; and the battle Warwick, Squadron Leader J. B.: shot Waterman, Douglas: executed, 468-9 for Moscow, 1 .. 2., 1SI down, 595 Waters, Private Harold: executed, 358 Wagner, Dr Herbert: surrenders to the Warsaw (Poland): bombed, '; battle Watney. Lieutenant Cyril: his sabotage Americans, 683 for, 8, 9-11, 13-14, 15, 18; Hitler in, mission, 490 Wagner, Robert: hanged, 730 19; labour camps near, 2.3; arrests in, Watt, Harry: his film, 1.16 Wainwright, Lieutenant General 2.7. 1l.7i beatings in, 2.8; executions in, Watten (Channel Coast): 'Flying Bomb' Jonathan M.: on Corregidor, 316; 32,161-',369,479,495,498; the fate launched from, 539, 540; bombed, 543 surrenders, }13 i returns from of the Jews in, 37, 47,12.9,130, 152., Wau (New Guinea): Japanese driven captivity, 711-1. 2.98,504,505. 508; British leaRers back from, 399 Wake (US gunboat): surrenders, '75 dropped on, 49; forced labourers Wavell, General Sir Archibald: Waufield (British destroyer): sunk, 80 taken from, 12.9; Poles from, reported withdraws from Java, 303 Wake Island (Pacific): to be re-inforced, to have died, 147; Poles in, help Jews, Waverley (BritISh converted paddle 163,737; bombed, '7'; defended, '78; 384; a warehouse in, with the eye­ steamer): sunk, 79-80 overrun, 182.; attacked in retaliation, glasses of victims, 400; resistance in, Wawer (Poland): reprisals in, 36 302.; fate of American prisoners-of­ 413; a dancer from, kills an 5S man, Wealdstone (near London): bogus war on, 466; Japanese soldiers on, lay 469; Jews in hiding in, found and sabotage at, 2.55 down their arms, 72.2.; Japanese killed, 481; a killing, and reprisals in, 'Weasel': a German cypher key, officers on, taken for trial, 715; a 19.041 496,498; uprising in, 561, 56'-3, 564- broken, 343 mission to, recalled, 737 5,567-8,570,57',573-4,580-1,584, Weatherley, Major Robin: killed in Walche ..n Island (Holland): to be held, 585-<>,590, 59', 593, 595-<>; last phase Yugoslavia, 455 585; bombed, 598; seized, 610, 6I1 of uprising in, 596, 597; liberated, bur Webling (Bavaria): ss men killed at, 678 Waldau, General Hoffman von: and in ruins, 630; in the 'Soviet sphere', Webster, Sergeant: and a 'dea[h march', German successes in Russia, .2.I8; and 7.8; Jiirgen Stroop executed in, 7 H 63 1 the 'ceal trial' to come, 1}2-]; 'our Warsaw Ghetto (Poland): established, Weclas, Stanislaw: sentenced to death, wildest dreams ... washed out', 1.45 qo; a Christian shot dead near, 144; 183 Waldheim, Lieutenant Kurt: in Russia, Jews shot in, 145.2.57,2.79, 32.9, a Wedemeyer, Major Alfred c.: and 115; in Yugoslavia, 339; in Greece, deportation from. [52.; starvation in, Russia's future, 2. 32. 490,51.7, 6oJ; his medal, 669 179,2.44, 2.61, 2.98; smiles in, 199; and Weichs, Field Marshal von: and the Wales: German 'agents' in, J5 Pearl Harbour, 2.76; optimistic 'grim part,isan situation', 472. Walke (U S destroyer): suicide attack rumours in, 32.4; 3 'good mood' in. Weidinger, Ouo: awarded the Swords on, 61.8 after the bombing of Cologne, 3'9; to his Knight's Cross, 689 Walker, Able Seaman: and an Allied air deportations from, to Treblinka, 343- Weidling, General Karl: and the last raid on Germany, 62.4 4· 346, 3P, 393, 42.8; resistance in. days of Berlin, 673, 676, 679, 68. Wallace, Henry: and Truman's 393-4.41[; resistance in, crushed. 42.8, Weidner, Gabrielle: killed, 5 u reluctance to drop a third atomic 435i survivors of, killed at Majdanek. Weidner, John: saves Jews, 511 bomb, 7[6...., 473; Jews and non-Jews killed in ruins We,lheim (Bavaria): Honhy Wallenberg, Raoul: protects Jews, 550, of, 505; rubble to be deared in, 52.5 imprisoned in, 603 610, 6~3; imprisoned, 654 Warsaw Pact: established, 7'9 Weimar (Germany): anti-Nazi leaftets Wallis, Dr Barnes: and the 'bouncing Warspite (British battleship): in action, distributed in, 408; Gestapo at, seek bomb'. 4'7 109 destruction of Buchenwald, 661 Walloon Legion: in action on the Wanhegau: Poles expelled from, '7,37; Weinryb, Menachem: and the murder Eastern Front, 503 a protest from, 2.9i st3tlSriCS of the of Jews at Gardelegen, 663 Walmer Castle (British merchant ship): murder of Jews in, "P4; Weiss, Ernst: commits suicide, 95 sunk,2.37 Germanification of, 508; the ruler of, Weissensee (Carinthia): an arrest, and Walter, Helmuth: agrees 10 help Wesl­ hanged,7'9 suicide in, 6,96 ern Allies, 690; reaches 8ritain, 71.7 Washington DC: 2.1; successes for Weizmann, Dr Chaim: offers services Prison (London): a spy, Sritain in, 65--6, 81, II}; a broadcast of the Jews, to the democracies, 6; shot in, 32.5 from, 90; senior Anglo-American appeals for Allied bombing of railway Wannsee (Berlin): a discussion at, on officers meet in. 154; and Lend-Leasc, lines to Auschwitz, 546; seeks the 'Final Solution' , 1.92. 156; and German espionage, [59; and 'restitution' for the Jews, 72.3-4 Wansen (Silesia): a German counter· intercepted Japanese messages, 2.38, Weizsacker, Baron Ernst von: and attack ncar, 687 1.49.2.68,2.71; and the atomic bomb, Hitler's mood, 2.33, 23S Warburton-Lee, Captain: killed, 54 171; Churchill in, when Tobruk falls, Weizsacker, Richard von: and 'War of the Rails' (,Rail War'): declared H5; Churchill in, when the Sicily Germany (1933-1945) 'led by by the Soviet Supreme Command. deception plan succeeds, 42.3-4; and criminals',744 4+4; intensifies, +48, 468; succeeds, 544 a decision on Allied strategy (May Wejherowo (Poland): Poles shot in, '7 'War crimes': to be punished. 2.90-1, 1943),4'6; and Allied bombing Weliczker, Leon: an eye-witness, 438 469,715; trials for, 444, 480, 505, 613, policy, 432-3; and American aid to Welles, Sumner: seeks a peace formula, 708,714. 715, 7~5-6, 72.6, 71.7, 71.7-8, Russia, 468; a boost to morale 48; warns Russia of German 7'9,730 , 73C>-I, 73', 733-4, 734-S, announced in, 540; news of Auschwitz intentions, 160, 164 735,739-40,740 ,741 reaches, 546; Rooseveh's last, Wellington Barracks (London): a War Crimes Amendment Act (1989): undelivered, speech in, 663; and a 'Flying Bomb' at, H' passed into law, 744 magnanimous act, 730; those 'in Wells, Lieutenant: and Operation XD, War Labour Cross: awarded for authority in" condemned, 737-8 67 INDEX

Wells, Sran: 'God punish Germany', Whitmarsh, Pilot Officer Reginald: Wolff, ss General Karl: and medical 6}3-4 killed,46 experiments, 31i an eye·witness to Welsh""," (British ): reaches 'Why We Fight': a 61m series, }U mass murder, 12.0; and the Malta, }14 Wiatt, General Canon de: unable to deportations of Jews from Warsaw to WenceJ, Stanislaw: sentenced to death, disembark, 55 Treblinka, 351-1.; negotiates a I8} Wickstrom, Rolf: executed, 132. surrender, 648; brought to trial, 740 Wenck, General: in the Harz Wiegand, Karl von: Hitler's interview Wolomin (Poland): Soviet tanks at, 56. mountains, 661, 666; ordered to with, ~3 Wood, Master Sergeant john C.: hangs Berlin, 676; Hitler asks for, 679 Wiener Neustadt (Austria): bombed, war criminals, 708, 731 Wende, Josef: executed, 612. 45 1 Wood Green (london): rocket bomb Wendisch Even (northern Germany): Wieru.zow (Poland): jews murdered dearhs at, 641 the German surrender at, 68S at, 4 Woodlark Island (Pacific Ocean): Wenzel, Johann: a Soviet agent, Wierzbica (Poland): Poles killed in, }~8 Americans land on, 439 captured, B4 Wiesel, Elie: and the 'Kingdom of World Aryan Order: a member of, a 'Wercwolr: Hider's Vinnitsa Night',66I fictitious German agent, 537 headquarters. 3-43, 351 Wijsmuller, Geertruida: helps save World Organization: to be established, Wcrra, Franz von: escapes, J 54; visits children, 67 658 Hitler, 172- Wilhelm (the ex-Kaiser): in Holland, Wormhout (France): massacre at, 78- Werth, Alexander: in Moscow, 2.14 61: his nephew dies of wounds 9; and a former s s officer, living neat Wesel (Rhine): Allies cross Rhine ar, received in action, 70; his war aim Hamburg, 743 651 recalled, 8S, 91; die~ 188; his former Worrall, Major Philip: parachuted into 'Wcscr-excrcise': against Scandinavia, Private Secretary, and the Hider Bomb Greece, 461-2. 46 Plot, 55~ Wotie (Marshall Islands): American air W~$sex (British destroyer): sunk, 73 Wilhelm Gust/off (German transport attacks on, 197 West, Sergeant Horace T.: coun- ship): sunk, 635; alleged looting of, Woyrsch, 5S General Udo von: 4, 11 martialled,445 74} Wroughton, Sergeant Walrer: in West Berlin: elections in (1989) and a 'Wilhelm Hansen' (William joyce): Yugosla via, 430 former s s officer, 7.. S apprehended, 696 Wunsche, ss Major Max: captured, s" West Germany: new leaders and new Wilhelm of Hohenzollern, Prince: dies Wuntho (Burma): and a sabotage values in, 713; agrees to pay of his wounds, 70 mission, 404 reparations, 735, 735-6, 736, 739; Wilhelmina, Queen: crosses the North Wuppertal{Germany):bombed'4}4,4}~ becomes a separate State, 735; her Sea, 64 Wurm, Bishop: protests about murder reparations debts (of I~14-18) Wilbelmshaven (Germany): bombed, 5, of jews, 481 resolved, 736; becomes an 3~, 418, 42~ Wiirttemberg (Germany): French independent sovereign State (as the Williams, Brigadier Edgar: and the IroopS rech, 67}; the right of Gypsies Federal German Republic), 7}8; German aim to retake Antwerp, 616 to compensation denied in, 734 troops of, train in Britain, 739 Williams, Gwilym: a double agent, 15 Wurzburg (Germany): a graduare of, Westerbork (Holland): Jews deported Wilson, General Sir Mairland: and the and euthanasia, II; jews deported to to Auschwitz from, 310, 386, 398,4597 Arab Legion, 181i and the Dalmatian their deaths from, 310, 436 British forces draw near to, 585 Coast, 494 Wiistegiersdorf (Germany): slave Western Front (1~14-I8): Hider revisits Winant, Gilbert: witnesses Blitz, 173 labour at, 51.5 (I~40), 104 'Window' (a radar jamming device): Wykeham-Barnes, : Weste". P,i"". (British merchanr ship): and the bombing of Hamburg, 446 leads the Aarhus raid, 610 brings arms to Britain, 107 Wingate, Brigadier Orde: his sabotage West Ham (London): rocket bomb columns, 404; his glider landings, 506 Xanten (Germany): jews revisit (I9B1t), deaths at, 641 Wirmer, joseph: hanged, 58~ 743 Westminster College (Fulton, (Germany): battle near, 687 Missouri): Churchill's warning in, Wistedt (Germany): an act of courage Yahagi (Japanese cruiser): sunk, 660 718"""9 in, 670 Yakhroma (near Moscow): Germans Werzel, Judge Alfred: and the use of Wiwnska, Eleonora: murdered. 669 reach, 161.; Germans driven from, 270 gas vans to kill Jews, '4~ Witonska, Roman: murdered, 669 Yalta (Crimea): Germans enter, 1S ..; Wetzel Eberhard: on Poles and jews, Wittenberge (Germany): American Soviet forces enter, SI7; the ~Big 1~ forces reach Elbe at, 661 Three' meet at, 638; Soviet promises Weysond, General Maxime: his plan, Wilrlich (Germany): and a possible at, 'broken', 658, 67~ 70,74; his appeal, 86-]; wants to armistice, 66.1. Yamamoto, Admirallsoroku: and surrender, 90; and the fan of Paris, 92.; Wittman, ss Captain Michael: killed, Pearl Harbour, 140; shot down, 42.0 calls for an armistice, 93 566 Yamato (Japanese battleship): a suicide Weymourh (England): radar station at, Wilzleben, Field Marshal Erwin von: mission by, 660 bombed,I16 'The Fuhrer is dead', 558; hanged, 566 Yamashita, General T omoyuki: Wheless, Caprain Hewitt T.: his Wizernes (Channel Coast): a German hanged,718 courage, 2.78-9 rocket launching site at, 455 Yanina (Greece): Jews sent to Whelp (British destroyer): in Tokyo Wloclawek (Poland): a 'Jewish action' Auschwitz from, 510; Greek hostages Bay, 7" at, 12 shot near, 527; Germans attacked White, Wing Commander John: killed, Wlodawa (Poland): Jews sent to their near, 584 476 deaths from, 414 Yaroslavl (Russia): chi.ldren evacuated Whitechapel (london): an unexploded Wola (Warsaw): bombed, 565; to, 204 bomb at (1989), 7J9 subjugated, 565 Ya"a (Australian sloop): sunk, }04 Whitehall (london): to be defended, Wola Przybyslawska (Poland): Poles Yawata (Japan): bombed, 540 69; Intelligence reaches, 72 executed in, for helping Jews, 384 Yefremov, Colonel: his last words, 318 Whire House (Washington): rwo Woldenberg (Pomerania): Red Army Yeisk (southern Russia): Sovier forces rescuers welcomed to, 449 reaches, 634 reaches, 399 'White Rose': a dissenting voice, 'WoWs Lair' (East Prus.ia): Hirler's Yelets (ncar Moscow): battle at, 1.70 40 4-5 East Prussian headquaners, 199; Yc1nya (Russia): German victory at. White Russians: murdered. 2.13; a Hirler leaves, for 'Werewolf', H}; 1.2.0; Soviet capture of, 130; partisans protest about the murder of, 250-1 Hitler returns to, 441; Hider leaves In region of, 296-7, 308; Soviets White Sands (New Mexico): German for the last time, 613; overrun, 633; recapture, 4,S6 rocket equipment sent to, 695 acquired by Poland, 711 Yeremenko,Colonel: drives westward, 553 INDEX

Yevell, Colonel: his trophy, 674 Zagorsk (Russia): reinforcements danger, 158~, 168; and Soviet Yokohama (Japan): bombed, 3[7,648; gather, 165 preparations (May 1941), 177; tries to a possible atomic bomb target, 694; Zagreb (Yugoslavia): German trOOps warn S.alin (May 1941), '9'; and the MacArthur enters, 711 enter, 171; Tiro leaves, 181; imminence of war, 194. 196; and the Yokoi, Sergeant Shoi,hi: emerges on synagogue demolished in, 2.86; coming of war (June 1941), 198, 1.01; Guam (1972.), 740-1 protests in, 306, 409; the Chief Rabbi and the siege of Leningrad, 233; and Yokosuka (Japan): bombed, 3'7; an of, deported to Auschwitz, 434; the battle for Moscow, 143, 2.64i and American Division lands at, 711 further deportations to Auschwitz the battle for Stalingrad, 358~; and Yoman Airfield (Okinawa): a suicide from, 431.; German forces retreat the Soviet offensive Into central mission against, 695 through, 669, 671; Pavelic's final Poland (January 1945),629; and the York (England): bombed, 319 appearance in, 686 surender of Berlin, 681, 683; and .he York (British cruiser): damaged, 164 Zakrzewski, Professor: shot, 162 final German surrender, 690; receives Yorkshire (England): and a deception Zambrow (Poland): Soviet prisoners· British medals, 701 plan, 523 of-war murdered at, 481 Ziffer, Adolf: deported to Auschwitz, Yorktown (US aircraft carrier); sunk, Zamkowy, Samuel: killed, 28 33 8 330 Zamosc (Poland): Jews sem to their Zilina (Slovakia): uprising in, 583 Young, Doreen: her fiance shot down, deaths from, 317; Jewish boys Zinchenko, Colonel: in Berlin, 676 566-7; his rt'm.1IOS buried~ 741. murdered in, 406--'7 Zindels, lieutenant Abram: his Young, Sir Mark: rejects surrender. 280 Zaporozhe (Ukraine): dam destroyed heroism, 468 Ypres .(Belgium): battle near, 73 at, 127; Hitler flies to, 459 Zirjc Island (Yugoslavia): bombed, 505 Yugoslavia: rdusc5 to jOin Axis, ] 57; Zara (Italy): Italians to march from, Ziarin Island (YugoslaVia): bombed, joins Axis, 165; turns against Axis, 170; bombed, 500--1; Yugoslav 505 166; to be attacked, [66-'7; invaded. partisans enter, 610 Zlatin, Miron: deported, and shot, 514 170; German c.:onquesr of, 170-3; Zarfatti, Roberto: deported, \14 Zoliborz (Warsaw): holds out, 585; German rule in, ]73; formal surrender Zasavica (Yugoslavia): Jews and Soviet aircraft drop supplies to, 591; of, 1'4; Hider visits northern region Gypsies murdered at, 2.43 Polish resistance in. 596 of. 178; Tiro's partisans in, 2.07-8, 440; Zay, Jean: shot, S"'I Zolkiew (Eastern Galicia): murder of atrocities m,247i resistance in, 184; Zborow (Eastern Galicia): Jews killed Jews at, 415 anti-partisan sw~ps m, 288, 298, 309. in, 207 Zolochew (Eastern Galicia): Jews 323,339,386-7,39',395,436; fate of Zdzicciol (White Russia): Jews murdered in, 110 the Jews in, 295, 390, 406; reprisals in, murdered in, 35 I Zoppot (Danzig): Hitler in, rI 450,451; Allied help for partisans in, Zeebrugge (Belgium): attack on, 74 Zossen (Germany): plans laid at, 45; 504-5; and a planned Allied escape Zedand (Holland): Dutch resist in, 64 signals from, decrypted in Britain, line, 508; a partisan offensive in, 52..1; Zchbe, Robert: bales out, 125 42.9; conspirators at, 597; overrun, partisans active in, 575. 601; Allies and Zeitzler, General Franz: and the war in 670; a counter· attack at, fails, 674 partisans launch joint offensive in, Russia, 363; urges a withdrawal, 389 Zuckerman, Yitzhak: and Jewish 584; Jews 10, rescued, 585; Red Army Zelewski, General Erich von dem Bach: resistance, 393 reaches, 587; reaches agreement with and mass murder, 2.11; and the Jews Zuidor Zee (Holland): aircraft the Soviet Union, 596; ,ts future, of Estonia, 151-3; and the Warsaw recovered from (1975), 74' discussed in Moscow, 600; liberation uprising, 564, 56.5, 597; and the Zulu (British destroyer): sunk, 360 of, 604; and the Dalmatian Coast abduction of Horthy, 603 Zurawski, Mordechai: survives his towns and islands, 610. signs a treaty Zcll-am-See (Austria): bombed, 500-1 would·be execution. 630 with the Soviet Union. 661, 680; Zelzate (Belgium): Allied airmen Zurich (Switzerland): bombs fall on in German forces retreat through, 669, sheltered in, 512 error, 645; secret negoriations in, 6 .. 8 672; slave labourers from, liberated. Zemun (Yugoslavia): a death march to, ZVldkovo (ncar Moscow): batrle at, 674; to be 'polil.:e-governed" 686-7; 295 267 breaks away from Soviet bloc, 72.3; Zgierz (Poland): an execution in, 309- Zvolen (Slovakia): partisans seize areas receive& reparaCions, 739; wartime [0 near, 583; an escape line near, .593 death toll of, 746 Zharchinski, Lieutenant: killed, 671 Zwaluw (Belgian fishing vessd): at Yurgin. Captain Pavel: reaches East Zhdanov, Andre: leaves for his holiday Dunkirk,8[ Prussia, 57 I (I9 June [94[), 193 Zwarycz, Anna: sentenced to death, Yuza Hill (OKmawa): attack on, 697 Zhitomir (Russia): Jews killed in, 218, 505 Yvoir (Belgium): Germans retreat 1. I ~1.0; Himmler's headquarters at, Zweibrucken (Germany): action at, 6 through, 585; a parachute landing 343; Germans driven from, 474 Zychlin (Poland): Jews from, near, 587 Zhlobin (Russia): Germans driven murdered, 304 from. 1.08 'Zyklon S': and mass murder, 110 ZabotlO, Colonel: receives uranium, 702 .Zhukov. Marshal Georgi: victorious in Zylberberg, Mordechai: leads Zagare (Lithuania): Jews killed at, '41 the Far East, 2.; and the German resistance, .... 0

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