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WORLD "TAR 1~WO STlIDIES ASSOCIATION (formerly American Committee on the History ofthe Second World War) Mark P. l'arilIo. Chai""an Jona:han Berhow Dl:pat1menlofHi«ory E1izavcla Zbeganioa 208 Eisenhower Hall Associare Editors KaDsas State University Dct>artment ofHistory Manhattan, Knnsas 66506-1002 208' Eisenhower HnJl 785-532-0374 Kansas Stale Univemty rax 785-532-7004 Manhattan, Kansas 66506-1002 parlllo@,'<su.edu Archives: Permanent Directors InstitlJle for Military History and 20" Cent'lly Studies a,arie, F. Delzell 22 J Eisenhower F.all Vandcrbijt Fai"ersity NEWSLETTER Kansas State Uoiversit'j Manhattan, Kansas 66506-1002 Donald S. Detwiler ISSN 0885·-5668 Southern Ulinoi' Va,,,,,,,sity The WWT&« is a.fIi!iilI.etf witJr: at Ccrbomlale American Riston:a1 A."-'iociatioG 400 I" Street, SE. T.!rms expiring 100(, Washingtoo, D.C. 20003 http://www.theah2.or9 Call Boyd Old Dominio" Uaiversity Comite internationa: dlli.loire de la Deuxii:me G""",, Mondiale AI"".nde< CochrnIl Nos. 77 & 78 Spring & Fall 2007 lnstiM d'Hi,stoire du Temp. PreSeDt. Carli5te D2I"n!-:'ks, Pa (Centre nat.onal de I. recberche ,sci,,,,tifiqu', [CNRSJ) Roj' K. I'M' Ecole Normale S<rpeneure de Cach411 v"U. Crucis, N.C. 61, avenue du Pr.~j~'>Ut WiJso~ 94235 Cacllan Cedex, ::'C3nce Jolm Lewis Gaddis Yale Universit}' h<mtlJletor MUitary HL'mry and 10'" CenJury Sllldie" lIt Robin HiRbam Contents KaIUa.r Stare Universjly which su!'prt. Kansas Sl.ll1e Uni ....ersity the WWTSA's w-'bs;te ":1 the !nero.. at the following ~ljjrlrcs:;: (URL;: Richa.il E. Kaun www.k··stare.eDu/his.tD.-y/instltu..:..; (luive,.,,)' of North Carolw. wwtsiil uCh~:ocl Hill 'V(lrld W~l' Two Studies Association Allan R. MiJle~ Ohi" St>.te University General IllfomlatioIl ').. Rotwt Wolfe The Ncwsktter 2 Alexandri", Vi~a Annual Membership Dues 2 r"rms .'!X,Dirl"C 20117 The German Iii£tory of World War Il: A Review D'All 0 Cau:wbeU U.S. l"".ozsi GuU!'cl Foo:.adau<ID Artick by Donald S. Detwiler 3 RolJerj. l>d!lek U"i"!l'5ity ofCalifornia, Los !',Dgeles WWTSA Membership Director)' 39 StiDlev L. Fall< II.l<xandria, ',rrrginia D3\;d Glanlz NARA Accessions ~nd Openings Carlisle, PemlSylvauia 58 Earnest R. May Harvard University Annotated Web Guide 67 Dennis Showalter (''''lorado Coliege by Mark Parillo and Jonathan Berhow GeItW'd L, Weinben: in Uoiversitv of North Carow Recently Published Articies Engfuh atCb.peJ Hill on World War II 83 TullU ap;r;.ng 1003 Selected TItles from an Electronic Compilation Jetl':-lj' eL"lCk. by Jonathan Berhow and Elizaveta Zheganina U.S. Arm" e;.",ler of _ MiliwyHistory William H. Cunliffe Natioo.11 Archives IlI1d Recently Publisbed and Reprinted Books RccolUs Administration in English on '\Todd War H 92 EdwardJ. L.rea Department 'JfDefeose Selected Titles from an Electronic Compilation Waldo Heinrich.. lJniymjty of Nebraska by Jonathan Berhow David Kabo Grear Neck, New Yorlc Dissertations on World '''ar II in English 110 Agnes Perersoo Hoover Institution RG.lIJJd H. Spe.:tcr George W""biDgtOD Vniversity Earl Ziemke Univel'loity ofGeorgia General Information Established in 1967 "to promote historical research in the period ofWorld War II in all its aspects," the World War Two Studies Association, whose original name was the American Committee on the History ofthe Second World War, is a private organization supported by the dues and donations ofits members. It is affiliated with the American Historical Association, with the International Committee for the History ofthe Second World War, and with corresponding national committees in other countries, including Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, France, Gennany, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Singapore, Slovenia, the United Kingdom, and the Vatican. The Newsletter The WWTSA issues a semiannual newsletter, which is assigned International Standard Serial Number [ISSN] 0885-5668 by the Library ofCongress. Back issues ofthe Newsletter are available from the Institute for Military History and 20th Century Studies, 221 Eisenhower Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506-1002. Please send infonnation for the Newsletter to: Mark Parillo Tel.: (785) 532-0374 Department ofHistory Fax: (785) 532-7004 Kansas State University E-mail: [email protected] 221 Eisenhower Hall Manhattan, KS 66506·1002 Annual Membership Dues Membership is open to all who are interested in the era of the Second World War. Annual membership dues of$15.00 are payable at the beginning ofeach calendar year. Students with U.S. addresses may, iftheir circumstances require it, pay annual dues of $5.00 for up to six years. There is no surcharge for members abroad, but it is requested that dues be remitted directly to the secretary ofthe WWTSA (not through an agency or subscription service) in U.S. dollars. The Newsletter, which is mailed in bulk rates within the United States, will be sent by surface mail to foreign addresses unless special arrangements are made to cover the cost ofainnail postage. Spring & Fall 2007 3 The German History of World War n (Volume VII) A Review Article by Donald S. Detwiler Horst Boog, Gerhard Krebs, and DetlefVogel, The Strategic Air War in Europe and the War in the West and East Asia 1943-1944/5, translated by Derry Cook-Radmore, Francis~a Ganrie, Ewald Osers, Barry Smerin, and Barbara Wilson, translation editor, Derry Cook­ Radmore. Volume VII of Germany and the Second World War, edited by the Militarges~hi~htli~hesFors~hungsamt(Resear~h Institute for Military History), Potsdam, Germany. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006. xxxvi & 892 pp., with 16 diagrams, 56 maps (including front and ba~k endpapers), 26 tables, notes on the authors and on the translation, a list of abbreviations, a glossary of foreign terms, a bibliography, and an index of persons (ISBN 0-19-822889-9, $250.00).1 The seventh volume ofthe Oxford University Press translation ofthe projected ten-volume history ofGermany and World War II from the German Defense Ministry's Research Institute for Military History has three segments: an extensive account ofthe air war in Europe in 1943 and 1944; a shorter study ofthe war in the West during the same period, focusing on the Allied invasion ofEurope and the ensuing campaign through the Battle ofthe Bulge; and a concise monograph on the war in the Pacific from 1943 through its conclusion and aftermath.2 Part I, "The Strategi~ Air War in Europe and Air Defen~e of the Rei~h, 1943-1944" (pp. 7­ 458, with 488 footnotes), by Horst Boog, is the sequel to Part IV ofthe sixth volume of Germany and the Second World War, Boog's 160-page monograph on "The Anglo-American Strategic Air War over Europe and German Air Defence," covering prewar preparations and the course ofthe air war over Europe to the end of 1942.3 In his study that comprises over half the seventh volume in the series, Boog provides a meticulous, thorougWy documented account ofthe Allied bombing offensive against Germany from early 1943 to mid-l944, a detailed account of German air defense during the same period, and a somewhat shorter but no less thorough account ofthe German attempts to retaliate in 1944 by the resumption ofbombing and the use ofthe V-I cruise missile and the V-2 ballistic rocket. Boog begins his narrative with the agreement reached at the Anglo-American summit conference in Casablanca in January 1943 regarding a combined strategic bombing offensive against Germany. "The main bombing targets were, depending on 'meteorological and tactical feasibility,' to be -- in the following order -- the German U-boat yards, the aircraft industry, the transport system, the fuel-producing installations, and other targets in the war industry." But there was also concurrence on "the importance of daylight attacks wherever possible against targets unsuited to night raids, to continuous pressure on the morale ofthe civilian population, and to the need to inflict heavy losses on the German fighter defences and thus draw fighter resources away from Russia and the Mediterranean." The agreement represented a fundamental commitment to the common effort, but a very loosely defined one. Because ofdifferences between the two sides, "divergent views were accommodated within the general concept, and a great many questions were deliberately left unanswered.,,4 4 Spring & Fall 2007 In the sixth volume, Boog recounted the emergence during 1942 ofthe fundamental difference between the American commitment to precision bombing ofstrategic targets by daylight and the British practice ofmassive area bombing at night.5 This difference was reflected in the POINTBLANK Directive of 10 June 1943, the formal order to the US gth Air Force (based in Britain) and the RAP Bomber Command. This directive, Boog writes, "was an invitation to the Americans to give proof ofthe effectiveness oftheir 'daylight precision raids' (which were in practice the area bombing ofselected industrial targets and their immediate surroundings), and a license to [Bomber Command's Air Chief Marshall Sir Arthur] Harris to carry on with the indiscriminate area bombing ofGerman industrial cities by night. The British did not go along with [US Army Air Forces commander] Gen. [Henry H.] Arnold's attempts to give bomber operations a tight and unified overall command; they were afraid that with the growing material superiority ofthe Americans they would lose their independence in the air war. Though the thus loosely controlled bombing war was meant to be only the necessary preliminary stage leading up to an invasion, both [US gth Air Force commander] Gen. Carl A. Spaatz and Harris were secretly quite sure in their own minds that before then they could, each in their own way, bring about the fall ofGermany by bombing and without a land offensive; one reason for the latter's belief was the widespread aversion in Britain to a repeat of the bloody trench warfare ofthe First World War, together with memories ofthe defeat in France in 1940.,,6 During the early months of 1943, the US gth Air Force was not yet in a position to launch major attacks against Germany.
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  • Detlef Vogel Rüdiger Vom Bruch Lothar Mertens Franz-Josef Kos Militarismus

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    Inhalt AUFSÄTZE Detlef Vogel Militarismus — unzeitgemäßer Begriff oder moder- nes historisches Hilfsmittel? Zur Militarismuskritik im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert in Deutschland 9 Rüdiger vom Bruch „Militarismus", „Realpolitik" und „Pazifismus". Außenpolitik und Aufrüstung in der Sicht deutscher Hochschullehrer (Historiker) im späten Kaiserreich 37 Lothar Mertens Das Privileg des Einjährig-Freiwilligen Militär- dienstes im Kaiserreich und seine gesellschaftliche Bedeutung. Zum Stand der Forschung 59 Franz-Josef Kos Die Auseinandersetzungen in der Donaumonarchie zwischen der militärischen Führung und der ungari- schen Regierung über den Bau der Orientbahnen während der Orientkrise 1874/75 —1879 67 DOKUMENTATION Hermann-Josef Wiedervereinigung und europäische Sicherheit: Rupieper Deutsch-amerikanische Überlegungen für eine ent- militarisierte Zone in Europa 1953 91 REZENSIONEN Sebastian Haffner: Im Schatten der Geschichte. Historisch-politische Variationen aus zwanzig Jahren (F.L. Carsten) 131 Ideas into Politics. Aspects of European History 1880 — 1950. Ed. by R.J. Bullen, H. Pogge von Strandmann and A. B. Polonsky (Holger H. Herwig) 133 Keith W. Bird: German Naval History. A Guide to the Literature (Michael Salewski) 134 Edward L. Homze: German Military Aviation. A Guide to the Literature (Horst Boog) 136 Handbuch der historischen Stätten Deutschlands. Bd 10: Berlin und Bran- denburg, hrsg. von Gerd Heinrich (Hans-Joachim Harder) 137 Hartmut Heine: Geschichte Spaniens in der frühen Neuzeit 1400—1800 (Felix Becker) 139 Bernd Rill: Tilly. Feldherr für Kaiser und Reich (Bernhard Sicken) 141 Klaus Rob: Karl Theodor von Dalberg (1744—1817). Eine politische Bio- graphie für die Jahre 1744 — 1806 (Hellmut Seier) 142 Helmut Hertenberger, Franz Wiltschek: Erzherzog Karl. Der Sieger von Aspern (W. Gembruch) 145 Dieter Langewiesche : Europa zwischen Restauration und Revolution 1815-1849 (Heinz Stübig) 146 Egbert Kieser: Als China erwachte.