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Download (4Mb) A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/89549 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Talking to France: Radio Propaganda from 1940 to 1942 by Denis Courtois A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History The University of Warwick, Department of History September 2016 i Contents Acknowledgements .....................................................................................................v Abstract ..........................................................................................................................vi Figures........................................................................................................................... vii Copyright Acknowledgements.............................................................................viii Translations and Terminology...............................................................................ix Abbreviations ................................................................................................................x Introduction...................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 The BBC ....................................................................................................23 1.1 The foreign-language service of the BBC...................................................23 Historical context .............................................................................................. 23 Propaganda in France after June 1940 .............................................................. 31 Challenges......................................................................................................... 33 Programmes and broadcasters........................................................................... 34 Sources of information...................................................................................... 37 1.2 The year 1940 .....................................................................................................41 Rationale on the study of food as a vehicle for studying the narratives of the BBC broadcasts................................................................................................. 41 Economic exploitation and the destruction of France....................................... 44 British blockade and the risk of famine ............................................................ 46 Food rationing and price control....................................................................... 50 1.3 The year 1941 .....................................................................................................57 The British blockade and public health............................................................. 57 The psychological battle ................................................................................... 65 Housewives’ demonstrations and riots.............................................................. 70 1.4 The year 1942 .....................................................................................................76 Mortality rate and weight loss........................................................................... 76 Family parcels and black markets..................................................................... 79 Food, the BBC and the Allied cause ................................................................. 85 Chapter 2 Radiodiffusion........................................................................................88 2.1 Radio in France ...................................................................................................88 Historical context .............................................................................................. 88 Challenges......................................................................................................... 96 Changes at Radiodiffusion from 1941 onwards.............................................. 100 The programmes and Radio National magazine ............................................. 105 Correspondence............................................................................................... 113 ii 2.2 The year 1940 .................................................................................................. 115 Youth............................................................................................................... 115 Rejuvenation of France through a renewed commitment to family and birth 121 The beginning of youth movements................................................................ 125 New education in France................................................................................. 129 2.3 The year 1941 .................................................................................................. 135 Youth movement in full swing........................................................................ 135 Winter campaign for solidarity and charity .................................................... 138 The ‘moral renaissance’ of pupils................................................................... 141 Sports as a means to cultivate the strength of youth ....................................... 146 2.4 The year 1942 .................................................................................................. 150 Demonstration of youth in action.................................................................... 150 Vichy and the teachers .................................................................................... 158 Sports to inspire youth .................................................................................... 163 Chapter 3 Radio Paris........................................................................................... 168 3.1 The rebirth of Radio Paris after the Occupation.................................. 168 Propaganda Abteilung..................................................................................... 168 Transmitters and broadcasting hours .............................................................. 169 Management and programmes ........................................................................ 171 Les Ondes........................................................................................................ 179 Popular speakers.............................................................................................. 185 3.2 The year 1940 .................................................................................................. 188 The new German order and French youth ...................................................... 188 3.3 The year 1941 .................................................................................................. 194 Employment matching as a social service ...................................................... 194 Working in Germany....................................................................................... 197 The Rural Civic Service.................................................................................. 205 A common interest: skilled and submissive youth.......................................... 209 3.4 The year 1942 .................................................................................................. 214 The bombing of Paris...................................................................................... 214 A coordinated approach for crisis relief.......................................................... 218 Selling employment in Germany to French youth .......................................... 223 La Relève ........................................................................................................ 232 Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 238 Appendix: list of broadcasts cited in the thesis........................................... 249 Bibliography ............................................................................................................ 260 Source Material....................................................................................................... 260 iii Archival and museum holdings....................................................................... 260 Secondary Sources................................................................................................. 263 Books .............................................................................................................. 263 Chapters in edited books ................................................................................. 267 Articles in journals .......................................................................................... 268 Pamphlet.......................................................................................................... 269 Periodicals....................................................................................................... 269 Computer sources: Prefects’ reports, documents,
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