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Marisat -A New Commercial Application of Communications Satellite Technolgy

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Marisat -A New Commercial Application of Communications Satellite Technolgy The Space Congress® Proceedings 1976 (13th) Technology For The New Horizon Apr 1st, 8:00 AM Marisat -A New Commercial Application Of Communications Satellite Technolgy Edward J. Martin Assistant Vice President, Mobile Systems, COMSAT General Corporation,Washington, D.C. Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Martin, Edward J., "Marisat -A New Commercial Application Of Communications Satellite Technolgy" (1976). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 3. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1976-13th/session-8/3 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MARISAT -- A NEW COMMERCIAL APPLICATION OF COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE TECHNOLOGY Edward J. Martin Assistant Vice President - Mobile Systems COMSAT General Corporation Washington, D.C. ABSTRACT THE MARISAT SYSTEM A new type of commercial satellite communi­ The MARISAT System configuration is shown cations system called MARISAT is in its in Figure 1. Three satellites have been final stages of deployment for operational procured, one each for emplacement over the service beginning this year. This system Atlantic and Pacific Ocean areas and a third will provide two different communications as an on-the-ground spare. Each satellite services by using two different types of contains three communications repeaters. communications repeaters on a single One of these operates in the UHF bands and satellite. One service is dedicated to U.S. contains one wideband and two narrowband Navy requirements; the second service is channels exclusively for use by the U.S. the first commercial offering of maritime Navy. Each of these channels may be mobile satellite communications. Through activated or deactivated by ground command. this latter service the quality and In this manner, satellite prime power reliability of commercial satellite released from the UHF service is made communications will be extended to ships available to the other communications operating on the high seas. This will be repeaters. The Navy has contracted for use the first step in the evolution of an of all channels in both satellites for the international global maritime satellite first year with firm options to lease all communications system. channels on a yearly basis continuously throughout a three-year period. This paper summarizes the composition and design of the MARISAT System and gives a Two other repeaters are included for shore- progress report on the status of its to-ship and ship-to-shore civil maritime development and deployment. communications, respectively. The shore-to- ship repeater translates C-band transmissions received from the earth station at frequen­ INTRODUCTION cies near 6 GHz to L-band frequencies near 1.5 GHz for relay to commercial ship stations, For over a decade, now, we have seen the The L-band output power level can be success of commercial applications of controlled by ground command consistent with satellite technology to communications. the level of activation of the Navy's UHF In the 1960's we had the early development repeater. of an international point-to-point commercial satellite communications system The ship-to-shore repeater performs the (INTELSAT) followed more recently by the reverse process by translating transmissions deployment of the first domestic point-to- received near 1.6 GHz from the ship station point satellite communications systems. back to frequencies near 4 GHz for relay to Now, in 1976, we are standing at the thres­ the earth stations. The 6 and 4 GHz bands hold of a new commercial use of this are also used for tracking, telemetry and technology, namely, communications with command functions. small earth stations placed aboard mobile vehicles. The first step will be taken in The earth stations provide a link to COMSAT the form of the MARISAT satellite communi­ General's Control Center in Washington,D.C. cations system which is inaugurating as well as the interface for interconnection service this year. A common satellite will of the system with the terrestrial tele­ provide service to the United States Navy communications networks. General spacecraft while at the same time providing the first maintenance and telemetry monitoring will commercial offering of maritime mobile be performed and command instructions will satellite services to the commercial be issued from the COMSAT General Control shipping community. This system represents Center. a major step forward in that it brings to practical commercial reality the use of communications satellites by a large number of small, inexpensive earth stations. 8-9 The MARISAT System is jointly owned by four satellites. MARISAT employs conventional communications companies in an organization spin stabilization with a despun antenna which has come into force earlier this year farm coupled to three spinning repeaters called the MARISAT Joint Venture. The through a non-contacting coaxial rotary ownership interest of the four companies is joint. The apogee motor, the FW-5, is the as shown in Figure 2. In addition to its same motor used in the TELESAT and WESTAR majority ownership interest, COMSAT General series of spacecraft. This motor is serves as the MARISAT System Manager for undersized, however, for the increased the Joint Venture. The elements of the spacecraft weight permissible with the jointly owned system include the satellites Thor-Delta 2914 and must be augmented by and certain of the land based control on the spacecraft hydrazine propulsion system communications equipment and facilities. during transfer orbit in order to achieve COMSAT General is furnishing, in addition, synchronous orbit injection. other facilities for MARISAT use which will be shared with other COMSAT General programs, The spinning portion of the satellite is most notably the COMSTAR domestic satellite approximately 85 inches in diameter by system. 63 inches in length, with an overall length of about 148 inches including the The ship terminals required to complete the antenna farm (see Figure 6) . The space­ communications connection between shore craft dry weight is expected to be about stations and ship are furnished separately 30 pounds below the allowable dry weight by each co-owner of the MARISAT System or of approximately 700 pounds. This will acquired independently by ship owners and permit the use of additional hydrazine fuel operators. beyond the minimum mission requirement. North-south stationkeeping is not planned. Communications service will be provided to Rather, the initial orbit will be biased the two coverage regions depicted in such that the inclination of the orbit Figure 3. These service coverage regions, plane will be maintained within 2.5° of the which encompass more than 2/3 of the world's equatorial plane over a five-year service major sea lanes, are achieved by selecting life. satellite positions of 15°W and 176.5 E longitude. Two shore stations in the Electrical power will be derived from United States provide the initial service fixed solar panels mounted on the with the satellites. One of these is at cylindrical portion of the spacecraft. Southbury, Connecticut for service through The panels are somewhat larger (63 inches the Atlantic satellite and the other at by 85 inches) than the TELESAT panels to Santa Paula, California for service through take full advantage of the eight-foot the Pacific satellite. Figure 4 shows the Delta shroud. Spacecraft power has also COMSAT General earth staion and System been enhanced somewhat through the use Control Center arrangement for operation of of 6.2 cm x 2.2 cm solar cells. Approxi­ both the MARISAT and COMSTAR systems. Each mately 300 watts of DC prime power will be of the two earth stations has three antenna available at the end of a five-year life­ systems. One limited-motion 34' antenna time. The design includes nickel-cadmium is dedicated to COMSTAR. One 42 f antenna batteries v;ith sufficient capacity to power is assigned exclusively to the MARISAT all satellite subsystems through eclipse. System. A second 42 f antenna, while normally assigned to serve the COMSTAR domestic The telemetry and command system employs system, has been designed also to serve two cross-strapped telemetry encoders and MARISAT so that a full back-up capability beacons which generate separate C-band is available at each earth station for carriers. Redundant command receivers MARISAT use. and digital decoders can decode 160 commands. The rangina function is performed by Three operating modes are possible depending demodulating the range tone transmissions upon U.S. Government use of the satellite. received from the earth station in the These are portrayed in Figure 5. The system command receiver, and routing the demodulated design permits a commercial communications tones to the telemetry beacon oscillator capacity in the low power mode (the initial which is phased modulated by the tone set mode of operation) of 1 duplex voice and before retransmission to the earth station. 44 Telex channels. Operation in the medium Figure 7 shows the complete spacecraft. and high power modes will be possible when the Navy decreases its use of the UHF repeater. EARTH STATIONS Two almost identical earth stations have THE MARISAT SATELLITE been constructed each having three antenna systems. Figure
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