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Handbookhandbook Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) Handbook
n International Telecommunication Union Mobile-satellite service (MSS) HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Handbook *00000* Edition 2002 Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2002 ISBN 92-61-09951-3 Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 THE RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTOR OF ITU The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Inquiries about radiocommunication matters Please contact: ITU Radiocommunication Bureau Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 5800 Fax: +41 22 730 5785 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.itu.int/itu-r Placing orders for ITU publications Please note that orders cannot be taken over the telephone. They should be sent by fax or e-mail. ITU Sales and Marketing Division Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 6141 English Telephone: +41 22 730 6142 French Telephone: +41 22 730 6143 Spanish Fax: +41 22 730 5194 Telex: 421 000 uit ch Telegram: ITU GENEVE E-mail: [email protected] The Electronic Bookshop of ITU: www.itu.int/publications ITU 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. International Telecommunication Union HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 - iii - FOREWORD In today’s world, people have become increasingly mobile in both their work and play. -
Positioning: Drift Orbit and Station Acquisition
Orbits Supplement GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT PERTURBATIONS INFLUENCE OF ASPHERICITY OF THE EARTH: The gravitational potential of the Earth is no longer µ/r, but varies with longitude. A tangential acceleration is created, depending on the longitudinal location of the satellite, with four points of stable equilibrium: two stable equilibrium points (L 75° E, 105° W) two unstable equilibrium points ( 15° W, 162° E) This tangential acceleration causes a drift of the satellite longitude. Longitudinal drift d'/dt in terms of the longitude about a point of stable equilibrium expresses as: (d/dt)2 - k cos 2 = constant Orbits Supplement GEO PERTURBATIONS (CONT'D) INFLUENCE OF EARTH ASPHERICITY VARIATION IN THE LONGITUDINAL ACCELERATION OF A GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE: Orbits Supplement GEO PERTURBATIONS (CONT'D) INFLUENCE OF SUN & MOON ATTRACTION Gravitational attraction by the sun and moon causes the satellite orbital inclination to change with time. The evolution of the inclination vector is mainly a combination of variations: period 13.66 days with 0.0035° amplitude period 182.65 days with 0.023° amplitude long term drift The long term drift is given by: -4 dix/dt = H = (-3.6 sin M) 10 ° /day -4 diy/dt = K = (23.4 +.2.7 cos M) 10 °/day where M is the moon ascending node longitude: M = 12.111 -0.052954 T (T: days from 1/1/1950) 2 2 2 2 cos d = H / (H + K ); i/t = (H + K ) Depending on time within the 18 year period of M d varies from 81.1° to 98.9° i/t varies from 0.75°/year to 0.95°/year Orbits Supplement GEO PERTURBATIONS (CONT'D) INFLUENCE OF SUN RADIATION PRESSURE Due to sun radiation pressure, eccentricity arises: EFFECT OF NON-ZERO ECCENTRICITY L = difference between longitude of geostationary satellite and geosynchronous satellite (24 hour period orbit with e0) With non-zero eccentricity the satellite track undergoes a periodic motion about the subsatellite point at perigee. -
Press Kit , Project ~Arisat-B RELEASE NO: 7643
! News National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washrngton. D.C.20546 AC 202 755-8370 * For Release IMMEDIATE Press Kit , Project ~arisat-B RELEASE NO: 7643 Contents , GENERAL RE&EASE........:.....e...................... 1-3 DELTA LAUNCH VEHICLEoooo...o........oom....a...o.o. 4 STRAIGH$-SIGHT DELTA FACTS AND FIGURES. ............ 5-6 TYPICAL LAUNCH SEQUENCE FOR MARISAT-B ...............7-8 LAUNCH OP&~TIONS,..........................:...... 9 'NASA TEAM...................^.^..^.^.^..^.^^^ 9-10 COMSAT GENERAL CORP.,.............................. 11 ---- ---- -- -- - - -- - - - - - - .- (111SA-lleus-Release-76-83) . NASA TOLAUNCH SECOND BABISAT POB COBSAT GENERAL COOP- (NASA) 12 p Unclas 43127 N!News National Aeronautics and Space Administration' .> t r I Washington, 0.C.20546 I) AC 202 755-8310 For Release: ' Bill O'bonnell Headquarters, Washington, D.C. IMMEDIATE (Phone: 202/73518487) .. +. 4.: RELEASE NO: 76-83 NASA TO LAUNCH SECOND .~RISATFOR COMSAT GENBRAL,CORP. The 98cond maritime satellite (Marisat) will be launched a ,' by NASA for COMSAT General Corp. from Cape Canaveral, Fla., about May 27. 1, The spacecraft will be the second in the new Marisat system designed to provide communications t6 the :u.s. Navy, commercial shipping and offshore industries. I , Marisat-B will be il'alaced into synchronous orbit. over' the equator above the Pacific Ocean at 176.5 degrees W, longitude just west of Hawaii. A third Marisat has been t built as a spare. The first spacecraft, Marisat-1, was launched success- fully Feb. 19 on a Delta vehicle and is in orbit over the Atlantic at 15 degrees W. longitude, where it has been pro- viding service on UHF frequencies to the Navy since March 25. -
Classification of Geosynchronous Objects
esoc European Space Operations Centre Robert-Bosch-Strasse 5 D-64293 Darmstadt Germany T +49 (0)6151 900 www.esa.int CLASSIFICATION OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBJECTS Produced with the DISCOS Database Prepared by ESA’s Space Debris Office Reference GEN-DB-LOG-00211-OPS-GR Issue 20 Revision 0 Date of Issue 28 May 2018 Status Issued Document Type Technical Note Distribution ESA UNCLASSIFIED - Limited Distribution European Space Agency Agence spatiale europeenne´ Abstract This is a status report on geosynchronous objects as of 1 January 2018. Based on orbital data in ESA’s DISCOS database and on orbital data provided by KIAM the situation near the geostationary ring is analysed. From 1523 objects for which orbital data are available (of which 0 are outdated, i.e. the last available state dates back to 180 or more days before the reference date), 519 are actively controlled, 795 are drifting above, below or through GEO, 189 are in a libration orbit and 19 are in a highly inclined orbit. For 1 object the status could not be determined. Furthermore, there are 59 uncontrolled objects without orbital data (of which 54 have not been cata- logued). Thus the total number of known objects in the geostationary region is 1582. If you detect any error or if you have any comment or question please contact: Stijn Lemmens European Space Agency European Space Operations Center Space Debris Office (OPS-GR) Robert-Bosch-Str. 5 64293 Darmstadt, Germany Tel.: +49-6151-902634 E-mail: [email protected] Page 1 / 187 European Space Agency CLASSIFICATION OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS OBJECTS Agence spatiale europeenne´ Date 28 May 2018 Issue 20 Rev 0 Table of contents 1 Introduction 3 2 Sources 4 2.1 USSTRATCOM Two-Line Elements (TLEs) . -
An Elementary Approach Towards Satellite Communication
AN ELEMENTARY APPROACH TOWARDS SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Prof. Dr. Hari Krishnan GOPAKUMAR Prof. Dr. Ashok JAMMI AN ELEMENTARY APPROACH TOWARDS SATELLITE COMMUNICATION Prof. Dr. Hari Krishnan GOPAKUMAR Prof. Dr. Ashok JAMMI AN ELEMENTARY APPROACH TOWARDS SATELLITE COMMUNICATION WRITERS Prof. Dr. Hari Krishnan GOPAKUMAR Prof. Dr. Ashok JAMMI Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc. Co. Publications: 06/2021 APRIL-2021 Publisher Certificate No: 36934 E-ISBN: 978-605-7594-89-1 Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc. Co. Publications All kinds of publication rights of this scientific book belong to GÜVEN PLUS GROUP CONSULTANCY INC. CO. PUBLICATIONS. Without the written permission of the publisher, the whole or part of the book cannot be printed, broadcast, reproduced or distributed electronically, mechanically or by photocopying. The responsibility for all information and content in this Book, visuals, graphics, direct quotations and responsibility for ethics / institutional permission belongs to the respective authors. In case of any legal negativity, the institutions that support the preparation of the book, especially GÜVEN PLUS GROUP CONSULTANCY INC. CO. PUBLISHING, the institution (s) responsible for the editing and design of the book, and the book editors and other person (s) do not accept any “material and moral” liability and legal responsibility and cannot be taken under legal obligation. We reserve our rights in this respect as GÜVEN GROUP CONSULTANCY “PUBLISHING” INC. CO. in material and moral aspects. In any legal problem/situation TURKEY/ISTANBUL courts are authorized. This work, prepared and published by Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc. Co., has ISO: 10002: 2014- 14001: 2004-9001: 2008-18001: 2007 certificates. This work is a branded work by the TPI “Turkish Patent Institute” with the registration number “Güven Plus Group Consultancy Inc. -
Future Commercial Communications Satellites for Shuttle Launch
The Space Congress® Proceedings 1982 (19th) Making Space Work For Mankind Apr 1st, 8:00 AM Future Commercial Communications Satellites for Shuttle Launch Robert D. Briskman Assistant Vice President, Systems Implementation, COMSAT General Corporation Burton I. Edelson Senior Vice President, Advanced Concepts, COMSAT General Corporation Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings Scholarly Commons Citation Briskman, Robert D. and Edelson, Burton I., "Future Commercial Communications Satellites for Shuttle Launch" (1982). The Space Congress® Proceedings. 4. https://commons.erau.edu/space-congress-proceedings/proceedings-1982-19th/session-2/4 This Event is brought to you for free and open access by the Conferences at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Space Congress® Proceedings by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FUTURE COMMERCIAL COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITES FOR SHUTTLE LAUNCH Mr. Robert D. Briskman Dr. Burton I. Edelson Assistant Vice President, Senior Vice President Systems Implementation Advanced Concepts COMSAT General Corporation COMSAT General Corporation Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C. ABSTRACT Commercial communications satellites have grown tional and standby satellites to provide a from infancy seventeen years ago to a major ele global communications network with an in-orbit ment of the spaceflight program. The paper de capacity of 85,000 telephone circuits. INTEL- scribes the major commercial communications SAT handles about two-thirds of the world's satellites and their development with emphasis transoceanic telecommunications traffic. (1) on INTELSAT, United States and foreign domestic and MARISAT/INMARSAT. Future direct broadcast One hundred and forty-four user countries and satellites and the possibilities for geostation territories on six continents now operate 300 ary platforms are also discussed. -
2019 Global Counterspace Capabilities
ABOUT SECURE WORLD FOUNDATION Secure World Foundation (SWF) is a private operating foundation dedicated to the secure and sustainable use of space for the benefit of Earth and all its peoples. SWF engages with academics, policy makers, scientists, and advocates in the space and international affairs communities to support steps that strengthen global space sustainability. It promotes the development of cooperative and effective use of space for the protection of Earth’s environment and human security. Global Counterspace Capabilities: An Open Source Assessment i ABOUT THE EDITORS Dr. Brian Weeden is the Director of Program Planning for Secure World Foundation and has nearly two decades of professional experience in space operations and policy. Dr. Weeden directs strategic planning for future-year projects to meet the Foundation's goals and objectives, and conducts research on space debris, global space situational awareness, space traffic management, protection of space assets, and space governance. Dr. Weeden also organizes national and international workshops to increase awareness of and facilitate dialogue on space security, stability, and sustainability topics. He is a member and former Chair of the World Economic Forum's Global Future Council on Space Technologies, a member of the Advisory Committee on Commercial Remote Sensing (ACCRES) to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the Executive Director of the Consortium for Execution of Rendezvous and Servicing Operations (CONFERS). Prior to joining SWF, Dr. Weeden served nine years on active duty as an officer in the United States Air Force working in space and intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) operations. As part of U.S. -
PUBLIC NOTICE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 445 12Th STREET S.W
PUBLIC NOTICE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION 445 12th STREET S.W. WASHINGTON D.C. 20554 News media information 202-418-0500 Internet: http://www.fcc.gov (or ftp.fcc.gov) TTY (202) 418-2555 Report No. SES-01597 Wednesday November 13, 2013 Satellite Communications Services Information re: Actions Taken The Commission, by its International Bureau, took the following actions pursuant to delegated authority. The effective dates of the actions are the dates specified. SES-ASG-20130828-00767 E E060321 AMS Spectrum Holdings, LLC Application for Consent to Assignment Grant of Authority Date Effective: 11/07/2013 Current Licensee: COOK TELECOM INC. FROM: COOK TELECOM INC. TO: AMS Spectrum Holdings, LLC No. of Station(s) listed: 1 SES-ASG-20131108-00963 E E000003 Omnitracs, Inc. Application for Consent to Assignment Grant of Authority Date Effective: 11/12/2013 Current Licensee: Omnitracs, Inc. FROM: OMNITRACS, INC. TO: Omnitracs, LLC No. of Station(s) listed: 12 SES-LIC-20130813-00723 E E130153 IHLAS HABER AJANSI IHA Application for Authority 11/12/2013 - 11/12/2028 Grant of Authority Date Effective: 11/12/2013 Class of Station: Temporary Fixed Earth Station Nature of Service: Fixed Satellite Service SITE ID: 1 LOCATION: N/A, USA, Washington, DC ANTENNA ID: 1 1.35 meters General Dynamics C125M 14000.0000 - 14500.0000 MHz 8M00G7F 57.00 dBW Digital Compressed Video Points of Communication: 1 - ALSAT - (ALSAT) Page 1 of 36 1 - GALAXY 17 (S2715) - (91 W.L.) 1 - INTELSAT 14 (S2785) - (45.0 W.L.) 1 - TELSTAR 11N (S2357) - (37.5 W.L.) SES-MFS-20130604-00470 E E000696 SES Americom, Inc. -
Effects of the Satellite Power System on Low Earth Orbit and Geosynchronous Satellites
NTIA-Report-81-75 Effects of the Satellite Power System on Low Earth Orbit and Geosynchronous Satellites W.B. Grant E.L. Morrison J.R. Juroshek u.s. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Malcolm Baldrige, Sec,retary Dale N. Hatfield, Acting Assistant Secretary for Communications and Information June 1981 ------- ----- ---- -- - -- PREFACE This report summarizes work performed for the Department of Energy, Satellite Power System Project Office under the direction of Dr. Frederick A. Koomanoff. The wo~k performed under Contract Nwnbers DE-Al06-79RLl0077 and DE-AlOl-80ERlOl60.00, is written for a wide audience, including the non-technical as well as the technical. Hence, rigorous mathematical calculations are kept to a minimum. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE iii LIST OF FIGURES . vi LIST OF TABLES vii ABSTRACT 1 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. GEO SATELLITES 20 2.1 Uplink Antenna Patterns 20 2.2 Signal Processing Satellites 27 2.3 GEO Satellite Receivers 27 -, 2.4 GEO Satellite Effects 31 2.5 Interference to Geostationary Satellites 38 2.6 Station Keeping Problems 50 2.7 Mitigation Techniques 50 3. LEO SATELLITES 52 3.1 LANDSAT Satellite 53 3~2 GPS Satellite 62 3.3 Space Telescope 66 4. -
A Comparison of GEO Satellites Using Chemical and Electric Propulsion
A Comparison of GEO Satellites Using Chemical and Electric Propulsion David Thomas1 University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309 May 4, 2016 A telecommunication satellite in a geostationary orbit requires a significant amount of propellant for station-keeping maneuvers, in addition to the propellant needed for transfer from GTO to the geostationary orbit. The propellant mass significantly increases the launch mass of the spacecraft, requiring a larger launch vehicle and increasing the cost of launch. However, low-thrust electric propulsion can lower the necessary propellant mass and reduce the launch cost. This paper seeks to explore the mass savings of electric propulsion through simple numerical simulations. Analysis indicates that the launch mass of an electric satellite is only 45% of that for a satellite with conventional, chemical propulsion. Nomenclature A = cross-sectional area (m2) AU = astronomical unit a = acceleration (m/s2) a = semi-major axis (km) CR = coefficient of reflectivity c = speed of light (299,792,458 m/s) ECEF = Earth-centered, Earth-fixed (coordinate frame) ECI = Earth-centered, inertial (coordinate frame) F = thrust (N) GEO = geostationary orbit GTO = geostationary transfer orbit 2 g0 = standard gravitational acceleration (9.81 m/s ) J2, J3 = Earth gravitational field parameters Isp = specific impulse (s) i = inclination (°) K = control gain LEO = low Earth orbit MMH = monomethylhydrazine MON = mixed oxides of nitrogen mi = initial mass (kg) mf = final mass (kg) R0 = one astronomical unit (149,597,870.7 km) RE = Earth radius (6,378.1363 km) r = position vector (km) SRP = solar radiation pressure r = orbital radius (km) t = time (s) V = speed (km/s) XIPS = xenon ion propulsion system 1 Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309. -
Name NORAD ID Int'l Code Launch Date Period [Minutes] Longitude LES 9 MARISAT 2 ESIAFI 1 (COMSTAR 4) SATCOM C5 TDRS 1 NATO 3D AR
Name NORAD ID Int'l Code Launch date Period [minutes] Longitude LES 9 8747 1976-023B Mar 15, 1976 1436.1 105.8° W MARISAT 2 9478 1976-101A Oct 14, 1976 1475.5 10.8° E ESIAFI 1 (COMSTAR 4) 12309 1981-018A Feb 21, 1981 1436.3 75.2° E SATCOM C5 13631 1982-105A Oct 28, 1982 1436.1 104.7° W TDRS 1 13969 1983-026B Apr 4, 1983 1436 49.3° W NATO 3D 15391 1984-115A Nov 14, 1984 1516.6 34.6° E ARABSAT 1A 15560 1985-015A Feb 8, 1985 1433.9 169.9° W NAHUEL I1 (ANIK C1) 15642 1985-028B Apr 12, 1985 1444.9 18.6° E GSTAR 1 15677 1985-035A May 8, 1985 1436.1 105.3° W INTELSAT 511 15873 1985-055A Jun 30, 1985 1438.8 75.3° E GOES 7 17561 1987-022A Feb 26, 1987 1435.7 176.4° W OPTUS A3 (AUSSAT 3) 18350 1987-078A Sep 16, 1987 1455.9 109.5° W GSTAR 3 19483 1988-081A Sep 8, 1988 1436.1 104.8° W TDRS 3 19548 1988-091B Sep 29, 1988 1424.4 84.7° E ASTRA 1A 19688 1988-109B Dec 11, 1988 1464.4 168.5° E TDRS 4 19883 1989-021B Mar 13, 1989 1436.1 45.3° W INTELSAT 602 20315 1989-087A Oct 27, 1989 1436.1 177.9° E LEASAT 5 20410 1990-002B Jan 9, 1990 1436.1 100.3° E INTELSAT 603 20523 1990-021A Mar 14, 1990 1436.1 19.8° W ASIASAT 1 20558 1990-030A Apr 7, 1990 1450.9 94.4° E INSAT 1D 20643 1990-051A Jun 12, 1990 1435.9 76.9° E INTELSAT 604 20667 1990-056A Jun 23, 1990 1462.9 164.4° E COSMOS 2085 20693 1990-061A Jul 18, 1990 1436.2 76.4° E EUTELSAT 2-F1 20777 1990-079B Aug 30, 1990 1449.5 30.6° E SKYNET 4C 20776 1990-079A Aug 30, 1990 1436.1 13.6° E GALAXY 6 20873 1990-091B Oct 12, 1990 1443.3 115.5° W SBS 6 20872 1990-091A Oct 12, 1990 1454.6 27.4° W INMARSAT 2-F1 20918 -
Winter Building Sessions NIRA Holiday Party Club News
Newsletter of the Northern Illinois Rocketry Association, Volume 23, Number 6 NAR Section #117 November/December 2000 Club News NIRA Holiday Party Winter Building Sessions Club Elections – At the January meeting, NIRA In December NIRA holds it’s annual Holiday These are informal session to build rockets, talk holds an election to decide the club officers for Party. This year David Dornblaser has volun- rocket, look at rockets, or just hang out. Bring the year. teered to open his home. your favorite snacks and a rocket to build. At the November meeting Rick Gaff and Ken Call David at (630) 469-0653 (or email him at January Building Session Hutchinson were re-nominated for their current [email protected]) to RSVP and to let him Bob Kaplow positions. Adam Elliot was nominated to fill the know what sort of munchies you can bring. 35W525 Parsons Rd. Vice President position. Bob Kaplow announced Where: David Dornblaser West Dundee, IL 60118 that he will be stepping down from his position 326 Anthony Street Usually once a year NIRA has a building session as Safety Officer/RSO, with no nominations Glen Ellyn, Illinois 60137 at Bob Kaplow’s. “Bob's Hobby Shoppe” is made for the position. The following is the cur- When: Sunday, Dec 17th 1999, 4 pm to 8 pm worth the trip, as he has a basement full of vari- rent nominations: ous power tools, rocket supplies, built rockets, President – Rick Gaff Bring: A dish to pass and whatever you are unbuilt rockets, plastic models, a large motor Vice President – Adam Elliot drinking.