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Handbookhandbook Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) Handbook n International Telecommunication Union Mobile-satellite service (MSS) HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Handbook *00000* Edition 2002 Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2002 ISBN 92-61-09951-3 Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 THE RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTOR OF ITU The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Inquiries about radiocommunication matters Please contact: ITU Radiocommunication Bureau Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 5800 Fax: +41 22 730 5785 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.itu.int/itu-r Placing orders for ITU publications Please note that orders cannot be taken over the telephone. They should be sent by fax or e-mail. ITU Sales and Marketing Division Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 6141 English Telephone: +41 22 730 6142 French Telephone: +41 22 730 6143 Spanish Fax: +41 22 730 5194 Telex: 421 000 uit ch Telegram: ITU GENEVE E-mail: [email protected] The Electronic Bookshop of ITU: www.itu.int/publications ITU 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. International Telecommunication Union HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 - iii - FOREWORD In today’s world, people have become increasingly mobile in both their work and play. This trend has been reflected in an increasing demand for mobile-satellite services (MSS) of all kinds over the past two to three decades; that is, demand for maritime, aeronautical and land mobile-satellite services. These needs have been well documented within the ITU through many studies and proposals, which have recently led to the creation of a number of new allocations of radio frequencies for use by MSS. Outside the ITU, trade press and newspaper articles frequently highlight the benefits of MSS, particularly in applications such as disaster relief and emergency uses in connection with search and rescue operations. The application of MSS within developing countries, making available viable telecommunications services in low telephone-density areas of the world, has also gained world attention. The present MSS Handbook brings into sharp focus, in one place, the numerous capabilities that MSS systems now in service – and systems currently being built out – can provide in our mobile world. MSS first began as an outgrowth of the creation and development of Inmarsat, an organization established to operate maritime satellite communications by the International Maritime Organization. This required early input by the Radiocommunication Sector of the ITU in defining the first allocations of frequencies for use by MSS at 1.5/1.6 GHz and for satellite EPIRBs (emergency position-indicating radio beacons) in the 406 MHz band, and in developing the technical standards for these MSS networks. Today there are numerous MSS frequency allocations below 1 GHz in the ITU Radio Regulations and more MSS allocations between 1 and 3 GHz – many of these allocations having been made at world radiocommunication conferences in 1992 and 1995. Despite the surge in interest in MSS in the last ten years, many in the telecommunications field are not so familiar with the capabilities and design aspects of this type of satellite communications service. The MSS Handbook is intended as a readable manual covering the basic principles of MSS design, typical and potential applications of MSS, frequency bands available to MSS, certain special ITU regulatory provisions pertaining to MSS in the Radio Regulations and a brief overview of the technical aspects of MSS systems. Finally, the Handbook includes thumbnail profiles of the technical and operational characteristics of MSS systems currently in operation or poised for launch. -v- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION TO THE MOBILE-SATELLITE SERVICE (MSS) – HANDBOOK ........................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview of the Handbook ................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Purpose of this Handbook ..................................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Organization of this Handbook ............................................................................. 1 1.2 Historical perspectives on the evolution of MSS networks .................................. 1 1.3 Tutorial on MSS system engineering aspects ....................................................... 5 1.4 MSS general system architecture .......................................................................... 11 1.4.1 Function of feeder links in MSS networks............................................................ 12 1.5 Types of orbits employed by MSS systems: GSO, LEO and MEO...................... 14 1.6 Concluding introductory remarks.......................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 2 – FREQUENCY ALLOCATION AND REGULATORY ASPECTS (UNDER THE ITU RADIO REGULATIONS) ................................... 17 2.1 General definitions of mobile-satellite services and some terminology ............... 17 2.2 Frequency allocations for MSS (RR Article 5)..................................................... 18 2.2.1 Frequency bands allocated to the MSS below 1 GHz........................................... 19 2.2.2 Frequency bands allocated to the MSS between 1-3 GHz.................................... 20 2.3 Regulatory issues of frequency sharing within MSS bands.................................. 21 2.3.1 Frequency sharing between MSS networks .......................................................... 21 2.3.2 Frequency sharing between MSS networks and other services ............................ 22 2.4 Other types of specialized MSS – given special status in the Radio Regulations 23 2.4.1 Distress and safety applications/special RR provisions ........................................ 23 2.4.1.1 GMDSS distress and safety................................................................................... 23 2.4.1.2 Aeronautical MSS safety....................................................................................... 25 2.4.1.3 Integral and integrated radiodetermination functions ........................................... 26 2.5 MSS feeder link earth stations .............................................................................. 27 2.5.1 Feeder link earth stations – GSO/MSS networks.................................................. 27 2.5.2 Feeder link earth stations – non-GSO/MSS networks .......................................... 27 2.6 Role of MSS in IMT-2000 .................................................................................... 28 2.6.1 Satellite component of IMT-2000......................................................................... 28 2.7 Global mobile personal communications by satellite systems.............................. 30 -vi- Page CHAPTER 3 – TYPICAL AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS FOR MSS COMMUNICATIONS ............................................................................. 33 3.1 General applications for maritime, aeronautical and land MSS............................ 33 3.2 Applications within developing countries............................................................. 33 3.3 Applications within highly developed telecommunications infrastructures ......... 35 3.4 Typical “Little LEO” (MSS) operating in bands below 1 GHz ............................ 35 3.4.1 Typical and potential communications applications provided by the non-GSO, non-voice MSS below 1 GHz................................................................................ 35 3.5 Types of service (voice, fax, data and email)........................................................ 37 3.5.1 Basic services ........................................................................................................ 37 3.5.2 User applications................................................................................................... 37 3.5.2.1 Email ..................................................................................................................... 37 3.5.2.2 Video transmission................................................................................................ 38 CHAPTER 4 – TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF MSS SYSTEMS.................................... 41 4.1 System architecture and network control .............................................................. 41 4.1.1 Overview of system architecture and network control.......................................... 41 4.1.1.1 GSO MSS.............................................................................................................. 41 4.1.2 Traffic planning..................................................................................................... 42 4.1.2.1 Long-term planning............................................................................................... 42 4.1.2.2 Short-term planning..............................................................................................
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