DOCSLIB.ORG

Executive Summary of the ICAO Position for ITU WRC-15 Radio

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Executive Summary of the ICAO Position for ITU WRC-15 Radio Executive Summary of the ICAO Position for ITU WRC-15 Radio frequency spectrum is a scarce natural resource with finite capacity for which demand is constantly increasing. The requirements of civil aviation as well as other spectrum users continue to grow at a fast pace, thus creating an ever-increasing pressure to an already stretched resource. International competition between radio services obliges all spectrum users, aeronautical and non- aeronautical alike, to continually defend and justify retention of existing or addition of new frequency bands. The ICAO Position aims at protecting aeronautical frequency spectrum for all radiocommunication and radionavigation systems used for ground facilities and on board aircraft. The ICAO Position addresses all radioregulatory aspects on aeronautical matters on the agenda for the WRC-15. The items of main concern to aviation include the following: identification of additional frequency bands for the International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). Under this agenda item, the telecommunications industry is seeking up to 1200 MHz of additional spectrum in the 300 MHz to 6 GHz range for mobile and broadband applications. It is expected that a number of aeronautical frequency bands will come under pressure for potential repurposing, especially some of the Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) bands. Existing frequency allocations which are vital for the operation of aeronautical very small aperture terminal (VSAT) ground-ground communication networks, especially in tropical regions, are also expected to come under pressure. Due to decisions made by a previous WRC, this has already become a problematic issue in Africa. WRC-15 agenda items 1.1 and 9.1.5 refer; potential radioregulatory means to facilitate the use of non-safety satellite service frequency bands for a very safety-critical application, the command and control link for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) in non-segregated airspace. The fixed satellite service bands in question are being used today to support RPAS in segregated airspace, however these frequency bands do not enjoy the freedom of interference typical of aeronautical safety allocations and there are currently no special measures in the Radio Regulations applicable to the protection of these frequency bands. WRC-15 agenda item 1.5 refers; possible aeronautical allocations to support wireless avionics intra-communications (WAIC). The use of wireless technologies in the aircraft may reduce the overall weight of systems, reducing the amount of fuel required to fly and thus benefitting the environment. WAIC will only carry aeronautical safety related content between two or more points on a single aircraft. WRC-15 agenda item 1.17 refers; potential deletion of country names from footnotes to non-aeronautical services in aeronautical bands. The use of country footnote allocations to non-aeronautical services in aeronautical bands is generally not recommended by ICAO, on safety grounds, as such use may result in harmful interference to safety services. WRC-15 agenda item 8 refers; global flight tracking for civil aviation. Spurred by the tragic disappearance of flight MH370, in October 2014 the ITU Plenipotentiary agreed to instruct WRC-15, as a matter of urgency, to consider the issue of global flight tracking for civil aviation (PP-14, Resolution 185). In February 2015, the second ICAO High-Level Safety Conference (2nd HLSC) identified satellite based reception of automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast (ADS-B) as a future technology that could support flight tracking in oceanic and remote airspace and recommended that ICAO should encourage States and the ITU to discuss allocation requirements at WRC-15 to provide the necessary frequency spectrum allocations to enable global air traffic services (ATS) surveillance, using this technology. WRC-15 agenda item “Global Flight Tracking for Civil Aviation” refers; and A-2 a future WRC agenda item: Global Aeronautical Distress and Safety System (GADSS). The 2nd HLSC endorsed the concept of GADSS, addressing issues such as: aircraft tracking under normal and abnormal conditions; autonomous distress tracking; automatic deployable flight recorder (or equivalent through data-streaming). WRC-15 agenda item 10 refers. In addition to WRC-15 agenda item 1.1, potential solutions to a number of other agenda items to be addressed during WRC-15 may negatively impact aeronautical spectrum. These include new allocations to the fixed and mobile satellite services (items 1.6 and 1.10), extended allocation to the earth exploration satellite service (items 1.11 and 1.12), a potential new allocation to the amateur service in the 5 MHz band (item 1.4), regulatory provisions and spectrum allocations to enable possible new maritime Automatic Identification System (AIS) technology applications (item 1.16). Major threats to aviation include the possibility of harmful interference to essential aeronautical radionavigation and radiocommunication systems. This could have a direct and severe impact on the safety as well as the efficiency of flight operations. — — — — — — — — MAIN POINTS ADDRESSED BY THE UPDATES TO THE ICAO POSITION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (ITU) WORLD RADIOCOMMUNICATION CONFERENCE 2015 (WRC-15) The updates to the ICAO Position, as previously transmitted in 2013 by State letter E 3/5.1-13/57, bring it into alignment with the outcome of ITU studies and supporting studies within the framework of Panels of the Air Navigation Commission. The updates address the following areas: a) reflecting the outcome of preparatory studies within the ITU Radiocommunication sector (ITU-R), in-depth discussion of aviation bands not considered as “candidate bands” for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) has been removed. High level summaries of studies for aeronautical bands being considered as candidate bands for IMT have been added. (WRC-15 Agenda Item 1.1 refers); b) the position on potential use of Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) spectrum for command and control of remotely piloted aircraft systems has been clarified, taking account of the fact that the agenda item considers two distinct issues: 1) taking the necessary regulatory actions to allow fixed satellite service (FSS) links to be used for this purpose; and 2) supporting the use of those links in non-segregated airspace. The first issue is clearly under the purview of the ITU, while the latter is more appropriately decided within ICAO. (WRC-15 Agenda Item 1.5 refers); c) ITU-R studies have identified that the Earth Exploration Satellite Service would not be compatible with aviation systems in the 9 000 – 9 200 MHz frequency band. (WRC-15 Agenda Item 1.12 refers); d) of the frequency bands studied for wireless avionics intra-communications, only the band 4 200 – 4 400 MHz has shown sharing to be feasible. (WRC-15 Agenda Item 1.17 refers); e) an additional item of interest to aviation has been identified, the issue of a potential allocation of the frequency band 77.5 – 78 GHz to the radiolocation service to support automotive short-range high resolution operations. Off-the shelf automotive radar systems could be fitted on wingtips of aircraft for ground object collision avoidance during taxi operations. (WRC-15 Agenda Item 1.18 refers); f) existing ICAO policy1 on the frequency band 117.975 – 137 MHz already requests that States remove their names from ITU RR Footnotes 5.201 and 5.202 which provide an allocation to the aeronautical mobile (off-route) service in VHF frequency bands extensively used for aeronautical safety communications. Such use can cause interference and coordination problems. Discussion of this issue was added to the position. (WRC-15 Agenda Item 8 refers); and 1 Each aviation safety relevant frequency band and its uses are described in detail, together with Council approved policy statements for the civil aviation requirements in the ICAO Handbook on Radio Frequency Spectrum Requirements for Civil Aviation – ICAO spectrum strategy, policy statements and related information (Doc 9718, Volume 1, First Edition, 2014). B-2 g) Resolution 185 of the ITU Plenipotentiary in 2014 instructs WRC-15 to address the issue of global flight tracking. In line with related recommendations of the Second ICAO High-level Safety Conference 2015 (2 to 5 February 2015), two items have been added: 1) requesting WRC-15 to address a new provision to support space-based reception of existing 1 090 MHz ADS-B transmissions from aircraft; and 2) support of a future WRC agenda item to address the need of the global aeronautical distress and safety system. — — — — — — — — ICAO POSITION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (ITU) WORLD RADIOCOMMUNICATION CONFERENCE 2015 (WRC-15) SUMMARY This paper reviews the agenda for the ITU WRC-15, discusses points of aeronautical interest and provides the ICAO Position for these agenda items. The ICAO Position aims at protecting aeronautical spectrum for radiocommunication and radionavigation systems required for current and future safety-of-flight applications. In particular, it stresses that safety considerations dictate that exclusive frequency bands must be allocated to safety critical aeronautical systems and that adequate protection against harmful interference must be ensured. It also includes proposals for new aeronautical allocations to support new aeronautical applications. Support of the ICAO Position by Contracting States is required to ensure that the position is supported at the WRC-15 and that aviation requirements
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Handbookhandbook Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) Handbook
    n International Telecommunication Union Mobile-satellite service (MSS) HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Handbook *00000* Edition 2002 Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2002 ISBN 92-61-09951-3 Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 THE RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTOR OF ITU The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Inquiries about radiocommunication matters Please contact: ITU Radiocommunication Bureau Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 5800 Fax: +41 22 730 5785 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.itu.int/itu-r Placing orders for ITU publications Please note that orders cannot be taken over the telephone. They should be sent by fax or e-mail. ITU Sales and Marketing Division Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 6141 English Telephone: +41 22 730 6142 French Telephone: +41 22 730 6143 Spanish Fax: +41 22 730 5194 Telex: 421 000 uit ch Telegram: ITU GENEVE E-mail: [email protected] The Electronic Bookshop of ITU: www.itu.int/publications ITU 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. International Telecommunication Union HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 - iii - FOREWORD In today’s world, people have become increasingly mobile in both their work and play.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Communications Commission FCC 02-23
    Federal Communications Commission FCC 02-23 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Amendment of Parts 2, 25 and 97 of the ) Commission's Rules with Regard to the ) ET Docket No. 98-142 Mobile-Satellite Service Above 1 GHz ) REPORT AND ORDER Adopted: January 28, 2002 Released: February 7, 2002 By the Commission: TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................ 1 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................... 2 III. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................. 6 IV. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................ 11 A. NGSO MSS Feeder Uplinks at 5091-5250 MHz ........................................................................11 1. Current Use.........................................................................................................................11 2. Proposal..............................................................................................................................13 3. Comments...........................................................................................................................14 4. Decision..............................................................................................................................16
    [Show full text]
  • 187 Part 87—Aviation Services
    Federal Communications Commission Pt. 87 the ship aboard which the ship earth determination purposes under the fol- station is to be installed and operated. lowing conditions: (b) A station license for a portable (1) The radio transmitting equipment ship earth station may be issued to the attached to the cable-marker buoy as- owner or operator of portable earth sociated with the ship station must be station equipment proposing to furnish described in the station application; satellite communication services on (2) The call sign used for the trans- board more than one ship or fixed off- mitter operating under the provisions shore platform located in the marine of this section is the call sign of the environment. ship station followed by the letters ``BT'' and the identifying number of [52 FR 27003, July 17, 1987, as amended at 54 the buoy. FR 49995, Dec. 4, 1989] (3) The buoy transmitter must be § 80.1187 Scope of communication. continuously monitored by a licensed radiotelegraph operator on board the Ship earth stations must be used for cable repair ship station; and telecommunications related to the (4) The transmitter must operate business or operation of ships and for under the provisions in § 80.375(b). public correspondence of persons on board. Portable ship earth stations are authorized to meet the business, oper- PART 87ÐAVIATION SERVICES ational and public correspondence tele- communication needs of fixed offshore Subpart AÐGeneral Information platforms located in the marine envi- Sec. ronment as well as ships. The types of 87.1 Basis and purpose. emission are determined by the 87.3 Other applicable rule parts.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Communications Commission § 80.110
    SUBCHAPTER D—SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES PART 80—STATIONS IN THE 80.71 Operating controls for stations on land. MARITIME SERVICES 80.72 Antenna requirements for coast sta- tions. Subpart A—General Information 80.74 Public coast station facilities for a te- lephony busy signal. GENERAL 80.76 Requirements for land station control Sec. points. 80.1 Basis and purpose. 80.2 Other regulations that apply. STATION REQUIREMENTS—SHIP STATIONS 80.3 Other applicable rule parts of this chap- 80.79 Inspection of ship station by a foreign ter. Government. 80.5 Definitions. 80.80 Operating controls for ship stations. 80.7 Incorporation by reference. 80.81 Antenna requirements for ship sta- tions. Subpart B—Applications and Licenses 80.83 Protection from potentially hazardous RF radiation. 80.11 Scope. 80.13 Station license required. OPERATING PROCEDURES—GENERAL 80.15 Eligibility for station license. 80.17 Administrative classes of stations. 80.86 International regulations applicable. 80.21 Supplemental information required. 80.87 Cooperative use of frequency assign- 80.25 License term. ments. 80.31 Cancellation of license. 80.88 Secrecy of communication. 80.37 One authorization for a plurality of 80.89 Unauthorized transmissions. stations. 80.90 Suspension of transmission. 80.39 Authorized station location. 80.91 Order of priority of communications. 80.41 Control points and dispatch points. 80.92 Prevention of interference. 80.43 Equipment acceptable for licensing. 80.93 Hours of service. 80.45 Frequencies. 80.94 Control by coast or Government sta- 80.47 Operation during emergency. tion. 80.49 Construction and regional service re- 80.95 Message charges.
    [Show full text]
  • RNSS and the ITU Radio Regulations
    GNSS & THE LAW RNSS and the ITU Radio Regulations YVON HENRI FORMER CHIEF OF SPACE SERVICES DEPARTMENT ITU BR ATTILA MATAS FORMER HEAD OF SPACE PUBLICATION AND REGISTRATION DIVISION ITU BR Radionavigation Satellite Service (RNSS) is integrated deeply in our daily life and entire world’s people – wherever they is playing a growing role within all areas of today’s mobile society. Indeed, almost live and whatever their means. Through all critical infrastructures worldwide rely on satellite navigation applications, its work, ITU protects and supports everyone’s fundamental right to com- from our cell phones with more than one billion users to precise agriculture for municate. better productivity, efficiency and environment protection, from power grid The ITU Constitution (CS), Conven- systems, banking operations, transportation systems (including hazardous or tion (CV) and the Radio Regulations (RR) contain the main principles and lay extremely valuable goods tracking), search and rescue operations, fleet and cargo down the specific regulations governing management, and from the aviation industry to the latest location based services. the following major elements: • frequency spectrum allocations to ll applications of satellite different categories of radiocommu- navigation show a strong nication services; growth. They can now rely • rights and obligations of Member on four global systems administrations in obtaining access A(GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou) to the spectrum/orbit resources; and additional regional systems, some- • international recognition of these times aiming for future global exten- rights by recording frequency sion (QZSS, NavIC). All these systems assignments and, as appropriate, and their applications rely on very lim- orbital information for a space sta- ited satellite orbit spectrum.
    [Show full text]
  • Southwest Region Spectrum Management Handbook
    ORDER SW 6050.12A SOUTHWEST REGION SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK (Date of Order to be entered at time of ASW-400 signature) DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION Distribution: A-X-5; A-FAF/AT-0 (STD) Initiated By: ASW-473 RECORD OF CHANGES DIRECTIVE NO. SW 6050.12A CHANGE SUPPLEMENTS OPTIONAL CHANGE SUPPLEMENTS OPTIONAL TO TO BASIC BASIC 12/12/01 SW 6050.12A FOREWORD The radio frequency spectrum is a finite, vital, and very limited natural resource available to all countries of the world. This international resource serves mankind in innumerable ways, and each country exercises its own sovereign rights in the use of the electromagnetic waves. Because the radio spectrum knows no bounds, its use cannot be restricted to individual countries. Requirements for use of this resource generally exceed the amount available; therefore, it is necessary that international, national, and regional spectrum management be rigidly practiced. The purpose of this spectrum management order is to present radio frequency spectrum information, guidance, and policy to those organizations using or administrating the radio frequency spectrum within the Southwest Region. Marcos Costilla Manager, Airway Facilities Division Page i (and ii) SW 6050.12A 12/12/01 Page ii 12/12/01 SW 6050.12A TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. ORGANIZATION, AUTHORITY AND RESPONSIBILITY 1. Purpose..................................................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Distribution..............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • International Air Transport Association Position for the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC - 12)
    International Air Transport Association Position for the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC - 12) September 2009 Objectives of IATA Position The IATA Position) for the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC 12) seeks to guarantee appropriate, secure radio spectrum to support current and planned CNS technologies and systems essential to meeting future growth in a safe and efficient manner. Due to the safety and global harmonization of airline operations, allocations for such radio spectrum are made at WRC’s, the outcomes of which have international treaty status. IATA believes such international coordination is essential and opposes the application of new, more market driven, regulatory measures to the spectrum aviation uses. The broad objectives of the IATA position are: • to maintain protection for the spectrum used for aeronautical radiocommunication and radionavigation systems required for current and future safety-of-life applications; • to ensure that spectrum is available for new technologies; • to ensure that the application of new regulatory measures does not impact on global operations or result in social or economic penalty to aviation without providing benefit. IATA has 226 member airlines carrying 93% of world’s international scheduled traffic (Available Seat Kilometres). In 2008, IATA’s members carried 1.6 billion passengers (scheduled) of which 708 million were international and 42.3 million tones of freight of which 28 million tonnes were international Introduction Aviation uses globally harmonised spectrum allocations for communications, navigation and surveillance in order to provide a safe and efficient global transport system. Hence the spectrum used by aviation must be free from harmful interference to guarantee the integrity of its systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Communications Commission § 3.2
    Federal Communications Commission § 3.2 3.51 Cessation of operations. tion D.90 to whom maritime accounts 3.52 Complaint/inquiry resolution proce- in respect of mobile stations licensed dures. by that country may be sent. 3.53 FCC notification of refusal to provide telecommunications service to U.S. reg- (b) Accounting Authority Certification istered vessel(s). Officer. The official designated by the 3.54 Notification of change in address. Managing Director, Federal Commu- nications Commission, who is respon- REPORTING REQUIREMENTS sible, based on the coordination and re- 3.60 Reports. view of information related to appli- 3.61 Reporting address. cants, for granting certification as an 3.62 Request for confidentiality. accounting authority in the maritime ENFORCEMENT mobile and maritime mobile-satellite radio services. The Accounting Author- 3.70 Investigations. ity Certification Officer may initiate 3.71 Warnings. action to suspend or cancel an account- 3.72 Grounds for further enforcement ac- tion. ing authority certification if it is de- 3.73 Waiting period after cancellation. termined to be in the public’s best in- 3.74 Ship stations affected by suspension, terest. cancellation or relinquishment. (c) Accounting Authority Identification 3.75 Licensee’s failure to make timely pay- Codes (AAICs). The discrete identifica- ment. tion code of an accounting authority 3.76 Licensee’s liability for payment. responsible for the settlement of mari- AUTHORITY: 47 U.S.C. 154(i), 154(j) and time accounts (Annex A to ITU-T Rec- 303(r). ommendation D.90). SOURCE: 61 FR 20165, May 6, 1996, unless (d) Administration. Any governmental otherwise noted.
    [Show full text]
  • Class of Stations
    CLASS OF STATION FOR FIXED AND MOBILE NOTIFICATION Service code Station Description/Definition Fixed FX Fixed Station Station in the Fixed Service Station in the mobile service not intended to be used while FL Land station Generic Mobile in motion Station in the mobile service intended to be used while in MO Mobile station motion or during halts at unspecified points FB Base station Land station in the land mobile service Land Mobile ML Land mobile station Mobile station in the land mobile service FC Coast station Land station in the maritime mobile service FP Port station Coast station in the port operations service Maritime Mobile MS Ship station Mobile station in the maritime mobile service OE Oceanographic data interrogation station Oceanographic data interrogation station OD Oceanographic data station Oceanographic data station Generic FA Aeronautical station Land station in the aeronautical mobile service Aeronautical mobile MA Aircraft station Mobile station in the aeronautical mobile service Aeronautical mobile Route FD Aeronautical station Land station in the aeronautical mobile (R) service Aeronautical mobile Off FG Aeronautical station Land station in the aeronautical mobile (OR) service Route RN Radionavigation land station Land station in the radionavigation service Generic Radionavigation NR Radionavigation mobile station Mobile station in the radionavigation service NL Maritime radionavigation land station Land station in the maritime radionavigation service Maritime Radionavigation RM Maritime radionavigation mobile station
    [Show full text]
  • Printable Format (PDF)
    Verify Current version before use at: NPR 2570.1C -- AppendixA Page 1 of 4 http://nodis3.gsfc.nasa.gov/ | NODIS Library | Legal Policies(2000s) | Search | NPR 2570.1C NASA Effective Date: September 22, Procedural 2014 Expiration Date: September Requirements 22, 2026 COMPLIANCE IS MANDATORY FOR NASA EMPLOYEES Printable Format (PDF) Subject: NASA Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum Management Manual (Revalidated w/change1) Responsible Office: Human Exploration and Operations MD | TOC | ChangeHistory | Preface | Chapter1 | Chapter2 | Chapter3 | Chapter4 | Chapter5 | AppendixA | AppendixB | AppendixC | AppendixD | AppendixE | AppendixF | AppendixG | AppendixH | AppendixI | AppendixJ | AppendixK | AppendixL | ALL | Appendix A: Definition for Glossary of Commonly Used Terms from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Radio Regulations (RR) Applicable to NASA RF EM Spectrum Management General Terms Experimental Station: A station utilizing radio waves in experiments with a view to the development of science or technique. Frequency Allocation: Entry in the Table of Frequency Allocations of a given frequency band for the purpose of its use by one or more (terrestrial or space) radiocommunication services or the radio astronomy service under specified conditions. This term should also be applied to the frequency band concerned. Frequency Allotment: Entry of a designated frequency channel in an agreed-upon plan, adopted by a competent conference, for use by one or more administrations for a terrestrial or space radiocommunication service in one or more identified countries or geographical areas and under specific conditions. Frequency Assignment: Authorization given by an administration for a radio station to use a radio frequency or radio frequency channel under specified conditions. Frequency Coordination: Procedures established to provide portions of the RF spectrum or specific frequencies to two or more users that best accommodate the services required by each.
    [Show full text]
  • WMO Position Onwrc-15 Agenda (March 2014)
    WORLD WEATHER WATCH COMMISSION FOR BASIC SYSTEMS WMO Position onWRC-15 Agenda (March 2014) 1 Introduction Timely warning of impending natural and environmental disasters, accurate climate prediction and detailed understanding of the status of global water resources: these are all critically important everyday issues for the global community. National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHS) around the world are responsible for providing this information, which is required for the protection of the environment, economic development (transport, energy, agriculture,..) and the safety of life and property. Radio-frequencies represent scarce and key resources used by National Meteorological and Hydrological Services to measure and collect the observation data upon which analyses and predictions, including warnings, are based or processed, and to disseminate this information to governments, policy makers, disaster management organisations, commercial interests and the general public. Nowadays radio-based remote sensors (active and passive) are the main tools for environment and climate monitoring, disaster prediction, detection and mitigating negative effects of disasters. These sensors obtain environmental data by measuring level and parameters of natural and artificial radio waves that inherently contain information about the environment with which they have been in contact. Terrestrial and space-born remote sensing applications form the backbone of the WMO Integrated Global Observing System. WMO information systems also make extensive use of radiocommunication systems and radio- frequency spectrum, and although they are also using commercially provided services such as communication satellites, meteorological related radiocommunication systems are an essential and indispensable component of WMO’s critical data collection and distribution systems (e.g. Earth-to- space and space-to-Earth transmissions).
    [Show full text]
  • DA-16-875A1.Pdf
    Federal Communications Commission DA 16-875 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Iridium Constellation LLC ) File Nos.: SAT-MOD-20131227-00148 ) SAT-AMD-20151022-00074 Application for Modification of License to ) Call Sign: S2110 Authorize a Second-Generation NGSO MSS ) Constellation ) ORDER AND AUTHORIZATION Adopted: August 1, 2016 Released: August 1, 2016 By the Chief, Satellite Division, International Bureau; and Acting Chief, Policy and Rules Division, Office of Engineering and Technology: I. INTRODUCTION 1. By this Order, we authorize Iridium Constellation LLC (Iridium) to construct, deploy, and operate non-geostationary-satellite orbit (NGSO) space stations to continue and enhance its provision of mobile-satellite service (MSS) and aeronautical mobile-satellite (route) service (AMS(R)S). This authorization will allow Iridium to continue to provide mobile voice and data services to end users on a network with improved voice quality and enhanced data transmission speeds. II. BACKGROUND 2. Current constellation. Iridium operates an NGSO satellite constellation capable of providing MSS anywhere in the world. Originally licensed in 1995,1 the Iridium system is authorized for 66 service satellites, plus any co-located satellites,2 and up to 14 in-orbit spares.3 The constellation operates in a near-circular Earth orbit at an altitude of 778 kilometers,4 and is arranged in six orbital 1 Application of Motorola Satellite Communications, Inc. for Authority to Construct, Launch, and Operate
    [Show full text]