RNSS and the ITU Radio Regulations

GNSS & THE LAW

YVON HENRI FORMER CHIEF OF SPACE SERVICES DEPARTMENT ITU BR ATTILA MATAS FORMER HEAD OF SPACE PUBLICATION AND REGISTRATION DIVISION ITU BR

Radionavigation Satellite Service (RNSS) is integrated deeply in our daily life and entire world’s people – wherever they is playing a growing role within all areas of today’s mobile society. Indeed, almost live and whatever their means. Through all critical infrastructures worldwide rely on satellite navigation applications, its work, ITU protects and supports everyone’s fundamental right to com- from our cell phones with more than one billion users to precise agriculture for municate. better productivity, efficiency and environment protection, from power grid The ITU Constitution (CS), Conven- systems, banking operations, transportation systems (including hazardous or tion (CV) and the Radio Regulations (RR) contain the main principles and lay extremely valuable goods tracking), search and rescue operations, fleet and cargo down the specific regulations governing management, and from the aviation industry to the latest location based services. the following major elements: • frequency spectrum allocations to ll applications of satellite different categories of radiocommu- navigation show a strong nication services; growth. They can now rely • rights and obligations of Member on four global systems administrations in obtaining access A(GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou) to the spectrum/orbit resources; and additional regional systems, some- • international recognition of these times aiming for future global exten- rights by recording frequency sion (QZSS, NavIC). All these systems assignments and, as appropriate, and their applications rely on very lim- orbital information for a space sta- ited satellite orbit spectrum. This article tion onboard a geostationary-satel- is providing background and insights lite or for space station(s) onboard Ingo Baumann is the column on the growing pressure on this lim- non-geostationary satellite(s), in editor for GNSS & the Law, and ited resource, giving rise to proposals the Master International Frequen- the co-founder and partner of for “sharing” spectrum. How satellite cy Register (MIFR) or by their con- BHO Legal in Cologne, Germany, navigation will survive and find the formity, where appropriate, with a a boutique law firm for European high technology projects mainly necessary spectrum resources to grow plan. in the space sector. Ingo studied is reviewed in details in the following The ITU grants international rec- law at the Universities of Muen- paragraphs. ognition, a level of protection condi- ster and Cologne. His doctoral ITU is the United Nations special- tioned by the provisions of the RR and thesis, written at the Institute for ized agency for information and com- by procedures to detect and to elimi- Air and Space Law in Cologne, examined the international and munication technologies – ICTs. As such nate Harmful Interference (HI) for European law of satellite communications. the ITU allocates global radio spectrum registered assignments in the MIFR. Baumann worked several years for the Ger- and satellite orbits, develops the techni- The ITU also promotes the rational, man Aerospace Centre (DLR), including as cal standards that ensure networks and efficient, economic, and equitable use head of the DLR Galileo Project Office and technologies seamlessly interconnect, of the radio frequency and orbital CEO of the DLR operating company for the German Galileo Control Center. and strives to improve access to ICTs to positions, which are limited natural underserved communities worldwide. resources and, as such, must be avail- ITU is committed to connecting the able for use by all Member States. In

32 InsideGNSS JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2018 www.insidegnss.com Table 1. Examples of RNSS users this regard, the ITU gives special con- AGRICULTURE and FORESTRY MARITIME and WATERWAYS sideration to the future use of these Forest area and timber estimates. Navigation on the high seas. resources by developing countries. Identifying species habitats. Search and rescue. The fact that the ITU CS and CV Fire perimeters. All weather harbour approach navigation. Water resources. Vessel traffic services. and the RR that complement them are Locating property boundaries. Dredging of harbours and waterways. intergovernmental treaties ratified by Ploughing, planting and fertilizing without Positioning of buoys and marine governments means that those govern- operators. navigation aids. ments undertake: AVIATION Navigation for recreational vessels. • to apply the provisions in their coun- Oceanic and en route navigation. Location of commercial fishing traps and gear. tries; and Non-precision and precision all-weather approaches. Offshore drilling research. • to adopt adequate national legislation Direct routing of aircraft for fuel savings. Monitoring deflections in dams as a that includes, as the basic minimum, Improved aircraft separation standards for result of hydrostatic and thermal stress the essential provisions of this inter- more efficient air traffic management. changes. national treaty. Airport surface traffic management. Ice breaking and monitoring icebergs and Monitor wing deflections in flight. flows. Wind shear detection. Observing tides and currents. RNSS Users Precise airfield and landing aid locations. Harbour facility management. RNSS receivers are used today for a Seamless (global) air space management. Location of containers in marine terminals. wide range of applications, including Less expensive avionics equipment. PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION safety-of-life, critical navigation on Monitoring aircraft locations in flight. Bus fleet on-the-road management. land, at sea, and in the air (see Table Precision departures. Passenger and operator security 1 Missed approach applications. monitoring. ). According to GNSS Market Report Enhanced ground proximity warning 2017, available at http://www.gsa.euro- RAILROAD system. Railroad fleet monitoring. pa.eu/market/market-report RNSS is Automatic dependent surveillance. Train control and collision avoidance. used around the globe, with an estimat- ELECTRIC POWER Facility inventory control and ed 5.8 billion RNSS devices in use in Synchronization of power levels. management. 2017. This number is expected to grow Event location. RECREATION to 8 billion by 2020. EMERGENCY RESPONSE Hiking and mountain climbing. Ambulance, police, and fire department Measuring at sports events. dispatch. Setting lines on sports fields. RNSS and definitions from the ITU RR Road service locating disabled vehicles. The following main definitions from the SURVEYING ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Electronic bench marker providing ITU RR apply to the RNSS: Hazardous waste site investigation. absolute reference of latitude, longitude No. 1.43 radionavigation-satellite service Ground mapping of ecosystems. and altitude. (RNSS): A radiodetermination-satellite Oil spill tracking and cleanup. High precision surveys in minutes by service used for the purpose of Precise location of stored hazardous anyone. radionavigation materials. Real-time dam deformation monitoring. No. 1.59 safety service: Any HIGHWAY and CONSTRUCTION Hydrographic surveying. radiocommunication service used for Intelligent vehicle-highway system Efficient and accurate photo surveys. the safeguarding of human life and operation. Measuring areas without triangulation. property Highway facility inventory and Oil and mineral prospecting. No. 4.10 Member States recognize that maintenance. National spatial data infrastructure. the safety aspects of radionavigation Accident location studies. TELECOMMUNICATIONS and other safety services require special Highway construction. Precise timing for interlacing messages/ measures to ensure their freedom from Navigation for motor vehicle drivers. network synchronization. harmful interference; it is necessary Truck fleet on-the-road management. therefore to take this factor into WEATHER, SCIENTIFIC and SPACE Monitoring status of bridges. account in the assignment and use of Use as weather balloon position frequencies. LAW ENFORCEMENT and radiosonde. No 1.166 interference: The effect of LEGAL SERVICES Measurement of sea level from satellites. unwanted energy due to one or a Tracking and recovering stolen vehicles. Navigating and controlling space shuttles. combination of emissions, radiations, Tracking narcotics and contraband Placing satellites into orbit. or inductions upon reception in a movements. Monitoring earthquakes and tectonic radiocommunication system, manifested Maintaining security of high government plates. by any performance degradation, officials and dignitaries while travelling. Measuring ground subsidence (sinking). misinterpretation, or loss of information Border surveillance. Measuring atmospheric humidity from which could be extracted in the absence Measuring and recording property ground. of such unwanted energy. boundaries. Precise global mapping of ionosphere. No 1.167 permissible interference: Observed Tort claim evidence in aviation and or predicted interference which complies maritime accidents. www.insidegnss.com JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2018 InsideGNSS 33 GNSS & THE LAW

ly improved performance characteristics (accuracy, availability and continuity). GNSS operations in widely spaced multiple frequency bands is necessary to support improved ionosphere correc- tions and phase tracking capabilities, which are essential for robust and precise navigation. An RNSS system using higher code rates to give better navigation accuracy and reduce multipath errors is required to satisfy the navigation requirements used in the future. Based on the above requirements, the ITU World Radiocommunica- tion Conference (WRC) WRC-2000 in Istanbul, Turkey introduced new RNSS allocations and significant changes to The current RNSS regulation summary chart the RNSS regulatory status. The WRC instructed the ITU-R to conduct urgent with quantitative interference and sharing public interest. It started in the 1980s studies on RNSS sharing criteria with criteria contained in these Regulations or with two military satellite systems: other services: in ITU-R Recommendations or in special agreements as provided for in these NAVSTAR GPS (USA) notified to the • Resolution 605 (WRC-2000) introduced a Regulations. Bureau on 08.10.1979 and GLONASS new RNSS band 1164-1215 MHz (L5 band/ No 1.168 accepted interference: Interference (RUS) notified on 04.11.1982, in the signals) open for all new RNSS systems, at a higher level than that defined as but in the same time protecting the bands 1559 to 1610 MHz (L1 band/sig- existing primary Aeronautical Navigation permissible interference and which has nals) and 1215 to 1260 MHz (L2 band/ been agreed upon between two or Service (ARNS) already allocated in this more administrations without prejudice signals). Due to the military nature of band; to other administrations. the systems and because of the L1 band • Resolution 606 (WRC-2000) extended No 1.169 harmful interference (HI): sharing with PRIMARY fixed terres- the RNSS band for L2 band/signals up to Interference which endangers the 1300 MHz, but no additional constraints trial service within 44 administra- shall be placed on the RNSS systems functioning of a radionavigation service tions, global utilization of the RNSS or of other safety services or seriously and other services already operating degrades, obstructs, or repeatedly for civil applications and by general in the band 1215 to 1260 MHz. In the interrupts a radiocommunication service public was very limited in the 1990s. same time, Resolution 607 (WRC-2000) operating in accordance with Radio For more info see: https://www.itu.int/ instructed the ITU-R Study groups Regulations. for urgent studies on compatibility ITU-R/go/space/snl/en between stations of the RNSS and the The ITU RR is recognizing a special Radiolocation service (RL) operating in status of radionavigation services and WRC-2000 — New RNSS Allocation and the frequency band 1240 to 1300 MHz; instructing the Member administra- Extension of Old RNSS Allocation • Resolution 603 (WRC-2000) introduced tions to take all practicable and neces- In addition to the original RNSS systems a new RNSS band 5000 to 5010 MHz (Earth-to-space). This resolution sary steps to ensure that the operation operating in the 1559 to 1610 MHz and instructed the ITU-R Study groups for of electrical apparatus or installations 1215 to 1260 MHz bands, several new interference studies on compatibility of any kind, including power and tele- systems were planned in the late 1990s. between stations of the RNSS and communication distribution networks, Based on studies, it was clear that the the international standard system does not cause harmful interference to existing RNSS allocations were already microwave landing system (MLS) operating in the band 5 030-5 150 MHz; a radiocommunication service and, in extensively used, and would continue to • Resolution 604 (WRC-2000) introduced particular, to a radionavigation or any undergo an extremely rapid expansion. a new RNSS band 5010 to 5030 MHz (C1 other safety service operating in accor- As a result, all existing worldwide RNSS band/signals). This resolution instructed dance with the provisions of the RR. allocations should be retained for RNSS the ITU-R Study groups for urgent use. There was also a requirement for interference studies on compatibility between stations of the RNSS and the The Radionavigation Satellite additional RNSS spectrum in the bands RAS in the frequency band 4990 to 5000 Service History between 1 and 6 gigahertz to support MHz; The Radionavigation Satellite Service worldwide satellite navigation develop- • WRC-2000 also modified the footnote No. (RNSS) is part of the global criti- ments in both the space-to-Earth and 5.362C to allocate the band 1559 to 1610 cal infrastructure and probably the Earth-to-space directions of transmis- MHz band to the fixed service (FX) on a primary basis until 01.01.2005 [list of ADM] most dynamic satellite service today, sion. These additional RNSS allocations and until 01.01.2010 [list of ADM]. After creating a big professional as well as will enable GNSS operations with great- these dates, the fixed service may continue

34 InsideGNSS JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2018 www.insidegnss.com to operate on a secondary basis until among RNSS administrations under • RESOLUTION 608 (WRC-03) Use of the 01.01.2015, at which time this allocation the provisions of the proposed new frequency band 1215 to 1300 MHz by shall no longer be valid. Administrations are systems of the radionavigation-satellite urged to take all practicable steps to protect resolution and associated provisions service (space-to-Earth) the RNSS and the ARNS and not authorize in the RR to ensure that the aggre- • RESOLUTION 609 (WRC-03) Protection new frequency assignments to FX service gate protection criterion is met. Since of aeronautical radionavigation service systems in this band. RNSS operators should know suffi- systems from the equivalent power flux- The WRC-2000 decisions had been ciently in advance the conditions density produced by radionavigation satellite service networks and systems in very significant in relation to RNSS. under which their systems would the 1164 to 1215 MHz frequency band Several new Advance Publication Infor- operate, the consultations should be • RESOLUTION 610 (WRC-03) mation (API) for RNSS systems were open to any administration having Coordination and bilateral resolution submitted to the Bureau after WRC- sent complete coordination or noti- of technical compatibility issues 2000: COMPAS (CHN), MSATNAV fication information to the Bureau. for radionavigation-satellite service networks and systems in the bands 1164 and LSATNAV (F/GLS), GLONASS- However, only “real” systems should to 1300 MHz, 1559 to 1610 MHz and M (RUS), NAVSTAR GPS L5 (USA), be included in the calculations. A 5010 to 5030 MHz N-SAT-HEO (JPN) and INSAT-NAV mechanism needs to be put into • RESOLUTION 741 (WRC-03) Protection (IND). place to determine which systems are of the radio astronomy service in the “real” for purposes of participating band 4990 to 5000 MHz from unwanted emissions of the radionavigation-satellite Current RNSS Regulation – in the calculations. service (space-to-Earth) operating in the ITU RR @2016 • For the band 1215 to 1300 MHz, frequency band 5010 to 5030 MHz ITU-R study groups finished during the based on 12 years of operational • RECOMMENDATION 608 (WRC-03) - 2000-2003 period all studies as request- experience by the GPS system in the Guidelines for consultation meetings ed by the above-mentioned resolutions frequency range 1215 to 1240 MHz established in Resolution 609 (WRC-03) adopted by WRC-2000 with the follow- and over 10 years of operational Results of WRC-03 decision guar- ing recommendations: experience by the GLONASS sys- antees long term sustainable develop- • For the band 1164 to 1215 MHz an tem in the frequency range 1240 to ment of new RNSS systems, protecting aggregate protection criterion for 1260 MHz, RNSS signals have suc- of existing RNSS systems and sharing ARNS incorporated into the RR cessfully demonstrated co-primary criteria with other radiocommunica- was proposed with compliance to sharing between this RNSS system tion services operating in the same or be assured by administrations. This and radars in the band 1215 to 1260 adjacent bands. Several new RNSS sys- method mandates the provision of MHz. Operational experience with tems and regional augmentation sys- aggregate interference protection current GPS and GLONASS systems were recorded in the MIFR and to the ARNS at the level identified tem characteristics in the 1215 to declared bringing into use - MSATNAV in ITU-R studies, regardless of the 1260 MHz band has not led to any (F/GLS) - 03.03.2006, COMPAS (CHN) number of RNSS systems operating reports of harmful interference being - 26.03.2007, GLONASS-M (RUS) – in the band. It commits enforcement caused to existing radar systems. 17.01.2009, NAVSTAR GPS-IIRF (USA) of the requirement to those admin- • For the band 5010 to 5030 MHz, - 10.04.2009, N-SAT-HEO-2 (JPN) istrations that operate or intend to due to the fact that unwanted emis- - 28.12.2007 and INSAT-NAV (IND) - operate RNSS systems. This method sions from space stations of the 30.04.2012. would manage the total amount of RNSS in the frequency band 5010 For the complete list see: https:// interference caused by these systems to 5030 MHz may cause interfer- www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/space-resolu- through the collaborative agree- ence to the radio astronomy service tion609/en ment on the part of administrations (RAS) operating in the nearby band proposing and operating the RNSS 4990 to 5000 MHz, RNSS systems WRC-12 Extension for the Radio- systems, and there would be no addi- operating in such band shall com- determination-Satellite Service (RDSS) tional regulatory task for the Bureau ply with the pfd and aggregated epfd The band 2483.5 to 2500 MHz is intend- to validate compliance with the pro- limits. In order not to cause harmful ed to facilitate navigation signals for tection criterion. There would be a interference to the microwave land- existing RDSS systems in this band to need for coordination between RNSS ing system (MLS) operating above be used globally and to support poten- administrations having GSO/non- 5030 MHz, an aggregate pfd by all tial signals from new RDSS systems, GSO networks under Article 9 RR, RNSS systems (space-to-Earth) shall which, because of this band’s proxim- and associated transitional measures, apply. ity to mobile service allocations above that would entail discussion between Subsequently, the WRC-03 in Gene- 2.5 gigahertz, may offer attractive syner- RNSS operators. This process would va, Switzerland finalized the new RNSS gies with terrestrial mobile systems due commence at an early point in the regulations in the bands 1164 to 1215 to improved antenna efficiencies and use implementation of the system. There MHz, 1240 to 1300 MHz and 5010 to of shared hardware not possible with would also be a need for consultation 5030 MHz, with the following results: other RNSS bands. www.insidegnss.com JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2018 InsideGNSS 35 GNSS & THE LAW

Readers may findcomplete informa- 1215 – 1300 MHz band regulation to the RAS worldwide. This band is also tion about all RNSS allocations, includ- Use of the RNSS service in the band designated for industrial, scientific and ing associated footnotes and Resolu- 1215 to 1300 MHz shall be subject to medical (ISM) applications. Radiocom- tions, in the ITU RR @ 2016 https:// the condition that no harmful interfer- munication services operating within www.itu.int/pub/R-REG-RR/en ence is caused to, and no protection is these bands must accept harmful inter- The sharing of the band 1164 to claimed from, the radionavigation ser- ference which may be caused by these 1215 MHz between ARNS and RNSS vice (RNS) authorized under No. 5.331 applications. ISM equipment operating is managed in application of Resolution RR. Furthermore, the use of the radio- in these bands is subject to the provi- 609. For more info see - RES-609 Con- navigation-satellite service in the band sions of No. 15.13 RR. sultation Meeting - https://www.itu.int/ 1215 to 1300 MHz shall be subject to the ITU-R/go/space-resolution609/en condition that no harmful interference is 5000 – 5030 MHz band regulation The basic concepts of RES-609 are: caused to the radiolocation service. No. The band 5000 to 5010 MHz is used by (a) All potential RNSS system operators 5.43 RR shall not apply in respect of the the Galileo RNSS system for the opera- and ADMs are given full visibility of radiolocation service (RLS). Resolution tion of feeder-link stations transmit- the process 608 (WRC-03) - no constraints in addi- ting navigation mission information to (b) No single RNSS system shall be per- tion to the RNSS systems in the frequen- the satellites. Through feeder links, all mitted to use up the entire interfer- cy band 1215 to 1260 MHz brought into system and navigation mission relevant ence allowance use until June 2, 2000. information is transferred to the Galileo (c) ADMs operating or planning to satellites comprising ephemerides, clock operate RNSS systems will need to 1559 – 1610 MHz band regulation correction information, service integrity agree cooperatively to achieve the Co-Primary RNSS and ARNSS band: messages and all other data elements level of protection for ARNS The use of this band is subject to the of the navigation message that require (d) ADMs participating in this process application of the provisions of Nos. continuous updates. The feeder link is of epfd calculation should hold Con- 9.12, 9.12A and 9.13 RR. Resolution 610 not intended for user access. Up to 20 sultation meetings on a regular basis shall also apply. uplink earth stations, using the RNSS (e) Up to now, 14 RES-609 meetings (Earth-to-space) allocation in the 5000 were held, for more information see 2483.5 – 2500 MHz band regulation to 5010 MHz frequency band are oper- the RES-609 link above. This is a co-primary allocation ated from geographical locations world- (f) Conclusion of the last 14th RES-609 of FIXED (FX), MOBILE (MOB), wide to enable access to each satellite in Consultation meeting - The maxi- MOBILE-SATELLITE (MS) and the constellation at any time. mum aggregate epfd of satellites RADIODETERMINATION SATEL- In order not to cause harmful inter- associated with the referenced RNSS LITE (RDSS) services. The use of the ference to the microwave landing system networks and systems is determined band 2483.5 to 2500 MHz by the MS (MLS) operating above 5030 MHz, the to be no greater than –121.98 dB(W/ and RDSS is subject to the coordination aggregate pfd produced at the Earth’s (m2∙MHz)), i.e. 0.48 decibels below under No. 9.11A RR. Administrations surface in the frequency band 5030 the Resolution 609 limit of –121.5 are urged to take all practicable steps to 5150 MHz by all the space stations dB(W/(m 2∙MHz)). It is noted that the to prevent harmful interference to the within any RNSS systems operating in result is based on the use of worst- RAS, especially those caused by second- the frequency band 5010 to 5030 MHz case assumptions in terms of inter- harmonic radiation that would fall into shall not exceed −124.5 dB(W/m2) in ference from RNSS into ARNS. the 4990 to 5000 MHz band allocated a 150 kilohertz band. In order not to

–120

–125

–130 - MHz))) 2 gregate epfd Ag –135 (dB(W/(m –140 Maximum

–145 1170 1180 1190 1200 1210 Frequency (MHz)

Regulatory chart in the band 1164 – 1215 MHz Aggregate epfd plot in the band 1164 – 1215 MHz

36 InsideGNSS JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2018 www.insidegnss.com Regulatory chart in the band 1215 – 1300 MHz Regulatory chart in the band 1559 – 1610 MHz cause harmful interference to the RAS the most important ITU-R recommen- satellite service systems and radio astronomy telescope sites service in the frequency band 4990 to dations related to RNSS. ITU-R M.1584 - Methodology for 5000 MHz, RNSS systems operating in ITU-R M.1582 - Method for determining computation of separation distances the frequency band 5010 to 5030 MHz coordination distances, in the 5 GHz between earth stations of the shall comply with the limits in the fre- band, between the international radionavigation-satellite service (Earth- standard microwave landing system quency band 4990 to 5000 MHz defined to-space) and radars of the radiolocation stations operating in the aeronautical service and the aeronautical in Resolution 741. radionavigation service and stations of radionavigation service in the frequency the radionavigation-satellite service band 1300 to 1350 MHz List of ITU-R Recommendations ITU-R M.1583 - Interference calculations ITU-R M.1787 - Description of systems and Related to RNSS between non-geostationary mobile- networks in the radionavigation-satellite satellite service or radionavigation- The following represents a selection of service and technical characteristics of

COSMOS THE NEW NETWORK MONITORING SOFTWARE

Map and dashboard views Health & status monitoring of multiple receivers KPI reporting and filtering

www.insidegnss.com JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2018 InsideGNSS 37 GNSS & THE LAW

FIGURE 6 Regulatory chart in the band 2483.5 – 2500 MHz FIGURE 7 Regulatory chart in the band 5000 – 5030 MHz

transmitting space stations operating radionavigation-satellite service systems and modifications of the ITU RR and in the bands 1164 to 1215 MHz, 1215 to and networks operating in the 1164 to 1300 MHz and 1559 to 1610 MHz 1215 MHz, 1215 to 1300 MHz and 1559 related procedures guarantee a sustain- ITU-R M.1831 - A coordination to 1610 MHz frequency bands able development of this critical global methodology for RNSS inter-system ITU-R M.2031 - Characteristics and infrastructure. interference estimation protection criteria of receiving The recent review of the ITU MIFR ITU-R M.1901 - Guidance on ITU-R earth stations and characteristics of shows that all global RNSS systems are Recommendations related to systems transmitting space stations in the and networks in the radionavigation- radionavigation-satellite service (space- successfully registered and brought into satellite service operating in the to-Earth) operating in the band 5010- use following the procedure for notifi- frequency bands 1164 to 1215 MHz, 1215 5030 MHz cation and recording of space network to 1300 MHz, 1559 to 1610 MHz, 5000 to ITU-R M.2082 - Methodology and frequency assignments in the MIFR 5010 MHz and 5010 to 5030 MHz technical example to assist coordination as described in Article 11 of the Radio ITU-R M.1902 - Characteristics and of the mobile-satellite service and the protection criteria for receiving earth radiodetermination-satellite service with Regulations. The MIFR represents one stations in the radionavigation-satellite the fixed service based on the power of the pillars of the international radio service (space-to-Earth) operating in the flux-density coordination trigger levels in regulatory regime as it contains all fre- band 1215 to 1300 MHz the 2483.5 to 2500 MHz band quency usage notified to ITU. It should ITU-R M.1903 - Characteristics and For the purpose of providing protec- be consulted before selecting a frequency protection criteria for receiving earth stations in the radionavigation-satellite tion criteria for RNSS systems, RNSS for any new user. For these reasons, noti- service (space-to-Earth) and receivers receiver types for particular applications fication of frequency assignments to the in the aeronautical radionavigation were described in the above referenced Bureau, with a view to their recording in service operating in the band 1559 to M-Series Recommendations. Recom- the MIFR, represents an important obli- 1610 MHz mendation ITU-R M.1787 provides gation for administrations, especially in ITU-R M.1904 - Characteristics, performance requirements and protection criteria for descriptions of systems and networks in respect to those frequency assignments receiving stations of the radionavigation- the RNSS and technical characteristics that have international implications. satellite service (space-to-space) of transmitting space stations operating The benefits and importance of RNSS operating in the frequency bands 1164 to in the bands 1164 to 1215 MHz, 1215 to should be recognized as a service used 1215 MHz, 1215 to 1300 MHz and 1559 to 1300 MHz and 1559 to 1610 MHz. Rec- in many applications, including critical 1610 MHz ITU-R M.1905 - Characteristics and ommendations ITU-R M.1905, ITU-R infrastructure, and in this respect all protection criteria for receiving earth M.1902, ITU-R M.1903 and ITU-R efforts should be undertaken to mini- stations in the radionavigation-satellite M.1904 provide technical and opera- mize interference (including jamming service (space-to-Earth) operating in the tional characteristics of, and protection and spoofing) into RNSS that may affect band 1164 to 1215 MHz criteria for, receiving stations in the RNSS physical and cyber security of personal ITU-R M.1906 - Characteristics and protection criteria of receiving systems operating in the RNSS bands. life and society and to keep such occur- space stations and characteristics rences and their impact to a controlled of transmitting earth stations in the Conclusion minimum. This can be achieved through radionavigation-satellite service (Earth- Since WRC-2000, the regulatory frame- a series of actions relating inter-alia to to-space) operating in the band 5000- work related to RNSS has been constant- the following: 5010 MHz ITU-R M.2030 - Evaluation method for ly adapted to changing circumstances • Compliance with the ITU Constitu- pulsed interference from relevant with the dramatic development in sat- tion and Radio Regulations; radio sources other than in the ellite-based global navigation services. • Exchange of information and coop- radionavigation-satellite service to the Introduction of new frequency bands eration between administrations,

38 InsideGNSS JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2018 www.insidegnss.com satellite operators, service and con- Additional Resources procedures for registration of all space system fre- [1] CPM Reports and Final Acts WRC: http://www. quency assignments in accordance with the ITU tent providers, industry, organiza- Constitution and Convention, including the Radio tions and associations involved in itu.int/pub/R-ACT-WRC [2] ITU Radio Regulations, Edition of 2016 https:// Regulations. The Department is also providing assis- satellite communications; www.itu.int/pub/R-REG-RR/en tance and support to administrations, operators and • Utilization of ITU Recommenda- [3] ITU-R Recommendations – M. series http:// frequency assignment customers on all issues related tions, standards, procedures; www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-M/en to space service frequency management. • Participation in trainings; [4] ITU-R Space Services Department (SSD): http:// Attila Matas (am@orbitspec- • Utilization of new technologies, www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/space/en trum.ch) is the former head of [5] RES-609 Consultation meeting: http://www.itu. including use of the international the Space Publications and int/ITU-R/go/space-resolution609/en Registration Division in the ITU monitoring system; [6] Space Network List (SNL) online: http://www. Radiocommunication Bureau ITU has been playing the role listed itu.int/ITU-R/go/space/snl/en - Space Services department. above, and will continue to do so, by [7] Working Party 4C – Efficient orbit/spectrum He was responsible for the pro- providing the required assistance to its utilization for the mobile-satellite service and the cessing and publication of GSO radiodetermination-satellite service http://www. members in order to ensure and main- and non-GSO space systems and Earth stations itu.int/en/ITU-R/study-groups/rsg4/rwp4c/ submitted by administrations for inclusion in the tain the interference-free operation of formal coordination procedures or recording in the space services, a challenging strategic Authors Space Master International Frequency Register. goal under the Radiocommunication Yvon Henri is the former chief, Matas represented the ITU at the UN COPUOS and Bureau’s core responsibilities. Space Services Department at ICG and he has participated at all World Radiocom- ITU holds the firm conviction that International Telecommunica- munication Conferences (WRC) since 1992. On several WRCs he served as a secretary on the agen- only the continuous synergistic imple- tion Union (ITU). Before joining ITU in 1995, he held various da items related to frequency allocations and mentation of the above actions by all management positions at regulation of RNSS. As of WRC-03 he was a secre- sectors involved in satellite radiocom- France Telecom (Paris, France) tary of the RES-609 RNSS Consultation meeting in munication can guarantee that harmful and INTELSAT (Washington D.C., the band 1164-1215 MHz responsible for the coor- interference is kept to a minimum for USA) and has been involved in the satellite business dination of new satellite navigation systems. Matas holds a degree in radio engineering from the the satellite community and end users. for more than 30 years. Within the ITU, the Space Services Department is responsible for managing the Czech Technical University of Prague.