Footnotes to National Frequency Allocation of Japan (Column 4)
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Handbookhandbook Mobile-Satellite Service (MSS) Handbook
n International Telecommunication Union Mobile-satellite service (MSS) HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Handbook *00000* Edition 2002 Printed in Switzerland Geneva, 2002 ISBN 92-61-09951-3 Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 THE RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTOR OF ITU The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio-frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Inquiries about radiocommunication matters Please contact: ITU Radiocommunication Bureau Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 5800 Fax: +41 22 730 5785 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.itu.int/itu-r Placing orders for ITU publications Please note that orders cannot be taken over the telephone. They should be sent by fax or e-mail. ITU Sales and Marketing Division Place des Nations CH -1211 Geneva 20 Switzerland Telephone: +41 22 730 6141 English Telephone: +41 22 730 6142 French Telephone: +41 22 730 6143 Spanish Fax: +41 22 730 5194 Telex: 421 000 uit ch Telegram: ITU GENEVE E-mail: [email protected] The Electronic Bookshop of ITU: www.itu.int/publications ITU 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. International Telecommunication Union HandbookHandbook Mobile-satellite service (MSS) Radiocommunication Bureau Edition 2002 - iii - FOREWORD In today’s world, people have become increasingly mobile in both their work and play. -
Signal Issue 37
Signal Issue 37 Tricks of the Trade Dave Porter G4OYX and Alan Beech G1BXG By 25th September 1965, Radio 390 was on the air and 31st December 2015 marks the fiftieth anniversary of the start of the offshore station Radio Scotland. The only remaining station to launch with RCA 10 kW Ampliphase transmitters was Radio 270 from 4th June 1966, on-air some three months later than originally planned. Member’s contribution understood that, whilst CE was used to these T-K arrangements, mainly for Government contracts, the need After reading the last three ToTT, VMARS Member Tony to effect a quick turn-around with minimal delays was not Rock G3KTR/AD1X contacted the author (DP) with the quite their norm. With time slipping by, the decision was following information on the 1965 build of Radio Scotland. made to leave the USA without the systems being totally commissioned and to complete en-route. Also, during this Tony writes; I read with interest the article you and Alan trip, it was discovered that one of the planned operating put together on Ampliphase transmitters. In the mid-1960s frequencies, namely 650 kHz, was actually occupied in the I was working out of the RCA Broadcast & UK by a certain high-power station on 647 kHz, the Communications Division at Sunbury-on-Thames. At this 150 kW BBC Third Programme. It was understood that an time RCA had sold several transmitters to offshore ‘pirate’ early ‘recce’ by the Americans to the UK to check for ‘spare radio stations. While Marconi and other European channels’ resulted in a monitoring time when the Third companies could be subjected to sanctions by the Programme was not scheduled on air. -
Executive Summary of the ICAO Position for ITU WRC-15 Radio
Executive Summary of the ICAO Position for ITU WRC-15 Radio frequency spectrum is a scarce natural resource with finite capacity for which demand is constantly increasing. The requirements of civil aviation as well as other spectrum users continue to grow at a fast pace, thus creating an ever-increasing pressure to an already stretched resource. International competition between radio services obliges all spectrum users, aeronautical and non- aeronautical alike, to continually defend and justify retention of existing or addition of new frequency bands. The ICAO Position aims at protecting aeronautical frequency spectrum for all radiocommunication and radionavigation systems used for ground facilities and on board aircraft. The ICAO Position addresses all radioregulatory aspects on aeronautical matters on the agenda for the WRC-15. The items of main concern to aviation include the following: identification of additional frequency bands for the International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). Under this agenda item, the telecommunications industry is seeking up to 1200 MHz of additional spectrum in the 300 MHz to 6 GHz range for mobile and broadband applications. It is expected that a number of aeronautical frequency bands will come under pressure for potential repurposing, especially some of the Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) bands. Existing frequency allocations which are vital for the operation of aeronautical very small aperture terminal (VSAT) ground-ground communication networks, especially in tropical regions, are also expected to come under pressure. Due to decisions made by a previous WRC, this has already become a problematic issue in Africa. WRC-15 agenda items 1.1 and 9.1.5 refer; potential radioregulatory means to facilitate the use of non-safety satellite service frequency bands for a very safety-critical application, the command and control link for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) in non-segregated airspace. -
Federal Communications Commission FCC 12-161 Before the Federal
Federal Communications Commission FCC 12-161 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Revisions to Parts 2 and 25 of the Commission’s ) Rules to Govern the Use of Earth Stations Aboard ) Aircraft Communicating with Fixed-Satellite ) IB Docket No. 12-376 Service Geostationary-Orbit Space Stations ) Operating in the 10.95-11.2 GHz, 11.45-11.7 GHz, ) 11.7-12.2 GHz and 14.0-14.5 GHz Frequency ) Bands ) ) Service Rules and Procedures to Govern the Use ) IB Docket No. 05-20 of Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service Earth ) (proceeding terminated) Stations in Frequency Bands Allocated to the ) Fixed Satellite Service ) NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING AND REPORT AND ORDER Adopted: December 20, 2012 Released: December 28, 2012 Comment Date: [75 days after date of publication in the Federal Register] Reply Comment Date: [105 days after date of publication in the Federal Register] By the Commission: Chairman Genachowski issuing a statement. TABLE OF CONTENTS Heading Paragraph # I. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................. 1 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 2 III. BACKGROUND.................................................................................................................................... 6 IV. DISCUSSION...................................................................................................................................... -
Space Communications
Space Radiocommunication Services and Frequency Allocations Dr. Francis Lau Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 1 Space Radiocommunication Services • Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) • Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) – Maritime Mobile Satellite Service (MMS) – Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMS) – Land Mobile Satellite Service (LMS) • Broadcasting Satellite Service (BSS) • Earth Exploration Satellite Service (EES) Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 2 Space Radiocommunication Services • Space Research Service (SRS) • Space Operation Service (SOS) • Radiodetermination Satellite Service (RSS) • Inter-Satellite Service (ISS) • Amateur Satellite Service (ASS) Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 3 Space Radiocommunication Services Type of link Applications Space radio- (•= uplink, communications ¯= downlink) services Broadcasting ¯ Time signals FSS Data BSS Sound programs BSS Television programmes BSS Links with •¯ Land MSS (LMS) mobiles Maritime MSS (MMS) Aeronautical MSS (AMS) Radio location •¯ Navigation RSS Downlink ¯ Radiolocation and RSS transmission navigation of a radio Earth atmosphere SRS, EES beacon monitoring Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 4 Frequency Allocations • Frequency allocations to a given service can depend on the region – Region 1: Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the countries of the former USSR – Region 2: The Americas – Region 3: Asia except the Middle East and the countries of the former USSR, Oceania • bands allocated can be exclusive or shared Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 5 Frequency Allocations • Fixed satellite service links – C band or 6/4 GHz • around 6GHz for the uplink and around 4GHz for the downlink • occupied by the oldest systems and tend to be saturated – X band or 8/7 GHz • reserved for government use Dr. -
Federal Communications Commission FCC 02-23
Federal Communications Commission FCC 02-23 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Amendment of Parts 2, 25 and 97 of the ) Commission's Rules with Regard to the ) ET Docket No. 98-142 Mobile-Satellite Service Above 1 GHz ) REPORT AND ORDER Adopted: January 28, 2002 Released: February 7, 2002 By the Commission: TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................ 1 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................... 2 III. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................. 6 IV. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................ 11 A. NGSO MSS Feeder Uplinks at 5091-5250 MHz ........................................................................11 1. Current Use.........................................................................................................................11 2. Proposal..............................................................................................................................13 3. Comments...........................................................................................................................14 4. Decision..............................................................................................................................16 -
RNSS and the ITU Radio Regulations
GNSS & THE LAW RNSS and the ITU Radio Regulations YVON HENRI FORMER CHIEF OF SPACE SERVICES DEPARTMENT ITU BR ATTILA MATAS FORMER HEAD OF SPACE PUBLICATION AND REGISTRATION DIVISION ITU BR Radionavigation Satellite Service (RNSS) is integrated deeply in our daily life and entire world’s people – wherever they is playing a growing role within all areas of today’s mobile society. Indeed, almost live and whatever their means. Through all critical infrastructures worldwide rely on satellite navigation applications, its work, ITU protects and supports everyone’s fundamental right to com- from our cell phones with more than one billion users to precise agriculture for municate. better productivity, efficiency and environment protection, from power grid The ITU Constitution (CS), Conven- systems, banking operations, transportation systems (including hazardous or tion (CV) and the Radio Regulations (RR) contain the main principles and lay extremely valuable goods tracking), search and rescue operations, fleet and cargo down the specific regulations governing management, and from the aviation industry to the latest location based services. the following major elements: • frequency spectrum allocations to ll applications of satellite different categories of radiocommu- navigation show a strong nication services; growth. They can now rely • rights and obligations of Member on four global systems administrations in obtaining access A(GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou) to the spectrum/orbit resources; and additional regional systems, some- • international recognition of these times aiming for future global exten- rights by recording frequency sion (QZSS, NavIC). All these systems assignments and, as appropriate, and their applications rely on very lim- orbital information for a space sta- ited satellite orbit spectrum. -
The Legal Ordering of Satellite Telecommunication: Problems and Alternatives
Indiana Law Journal Volume 44 Issue 3 Article 1 Spring 1969 The Legal Ordering of Satellite Telecommunication: Problems and Alternatives Delbert D. Smith University of Wisconsin Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj Part of the Air and Space Law Commons, and the Communications Law Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Delbert D. (1969) "The Legal Ordering of Satellite Telecommunication: Problems and Alternatives," Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 44 : Iss. 3 , Article 1. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol44/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INDIANA LAW JOURNAL Volume 44 Spring 1969 Number 3 THE LEGAL ORDERING OF SATELLITE TELECOMMUNICATION: PROBLEMS AND ALTERNATIVES DELBERT D. SMITHt The use of satellites in outer space to provide a means of transmission for international telecommunication could be viewed as simply a tech- nological advancement neither necessitating basic structural changes in the international control institutions nor requiring alteration of the control theories designed to regulate unauthorized transmissions. How- ever, the magnitude of the changes involved, coupled with increased governmental concern, has resulted in a number of politico-legal problems. It is the purpose of this article to examine on several levels of analysis the implications of utilizing satellites as a means of telecom- munication transmission. Introductory material on the development of communications satellite technology stresses the need for international organization and co-operation to oversee the launching and maintenance of a global communications system and indicates the pressures for the implementation of control measures over transmissions originating in outer space. -
Implementation Considerations for the Introduction and Transition to Digital Terrestrial Sound and Multimedia Broadcasting
Report ITU-R BS.2384-0 (07/2015) Implementation considerations for the introduction and transition to digital terrestrial sound and multimedia broadcasting BS Series Broadcasting service (sound) ii Rep. ITU-R BS.2384-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. -
Federal Communications Commission Record FCC 90-235
5 FCC Red No. 14 Federal Communications Commission Record FCC 90-235 (Comsat) to provide international aeronautical satellite Before the services offered by the International Maritime Satellite Federal Communications Commission Organization (Inmarsat).9 Washington, D.C. 20554 3. In its Second Report and Order in Gen. Docket Nos. 84-1231, 84-1233 84-1234, 51 Fed. Reg. 37389 (1986) the Commission allocated 9 megahertz to AMSS(R) on a pri mary basis with MSS secondary. An additional 18 PR Docket No. 90-315 megahertz was allocated to AMSS(R) and MSS on a co primary basis, with a condition giving AMSS(R) priority In the Matter of and real-time preemptive access to the full spectrum.10 The Commission stated that efficient use of spectrum Amendment of Part 87 of the supported sharing of spectrum between services rather Commission's Rules to than dividing the spectrum into separate blocks as called for by the 1987 Mobile WARC. 11 The Commission con Establish Technical Standards cluded that the sharing arrangement reflected in these and Licensing Procedures for allocations struck a proper balance between AMSS(R) and Aircraft Earth Stations MSS requirements because it was spectrally efficient and would encourage rapid and economical development of both services. 12 NOTICE OF PROPOSED RULE MAKING 4. The Commission also upheld its previously estab lished domestic MSS licensing policies and procedures for Adopted: June 14, 1990; Released: July 3, 1990 the 1545-1558.5 MHz and 1646.5-1660 MHz bands and directed MSS applicants to amend their applications to By the Commission: comply with those policies. -
Space Science and Meteorology Spectrum Allocations in the UK
Introduction ‘Space science’ is an umbrella term that covers both Earth observation and space related scientific research. Earth observation (EO) satellites observe the earth and its atmosphere, using visible light or radio spectrum from a unique vantage point. The information it provides is used for a wide range of purposes including weather forecasting, environmental monitoring, climate change research as well as a number of commercial activities. Radio astronomy and space research contribute to our knowledge of space and the evolution of the universe. The following services fall under this category: • Earth Exploration Satellite Service (EESS) Space Research Service (SRS) Space Operation Service (SOS) Radio Astronomy Service (RAS) Meteorological Satellite Service (MetSat) Meteorological Aids Service (Met-Aids) Radiolocation Service Note: this only for wind profiler and weather radars) Standard Time and Frequency signals) These services can be split in two broad categories: passive services (RAS, EESS and Space Research Service), that measure naturally- occurring radiation often at very low power levels. This information provides useful data to help further understand the Earth and universe. The frequency bands are often determined by the specific physical properties being investigated (e.g. molecular resonance). active services that make use of a variety of technologies (e.g. radiodetermination) to carryout measurements, observations or transfer the collected data. These active applications are relatively less sensitive to interference compared to passive sensors. Given the low levels of radiation being monitored these services often use very sensitive receivers. In most cases the equipment is not able to discriminate between these natural radiations and man-made radiations. For this reason, a number of bands have been harmonised across the world for the use by passive services only. -
International Air Transport Association Position for the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC - 12)
International Air Transport Association Position for the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC - 12) September 2009 Objectives of IATA Position The IATA Position) for the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC 12) seeks to guarantee appropriate, secure radio spectrum to support current and planned CNS technologies and systems essential to meeting future growth in a safe and efficient manner. Due to the safety and global harmonization of airline operations, allocations for such radio spectrum are made at WRC’s, the outcomes of which have international treaty status. IATA believes such international coordination is essential and opposes the application of new, more market driven, regulatory measures to the spectrum aviation uses. The broad objectives of the IATA position are: • to maintain protection for the spectrum used for aeronautical radiocommunication and radionavigation systems required for current and future safety-of-life applications; • to ensure that spectrum is available for new technologies; • to ensure that the application of new regulatory measures does not impact on global operations or result in social or economic penalty to aviation without providing benefit. IATA has 226 member airlines carrying 93% of world’s international scheduled traffic (Available Seat Kilometres). In 2008, IATA’s members carried 1.6 billion passengers (scheduled) of which 708 million were international and 42.3 million tones of freight of which 28 million tonnes were international Introduction Aviation uses globally harmonised spectrum allocations for communications, navigation and surveillance in order to provide a safe and efficient global transport system. Hence the spectrum used by aviation must be free from harmful interference to guarantee the integrity of its systems.