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Implementation Considerations for the Introduction and Transition to Digital Terrestrial Sound and Multimedia Broadcasting

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Report ITU-R BS.2384-0 (07/2015) Implementation considerations for the introduction and transition to digital terrestrial sound and multimedia broadcasting BS Series Broadcasting service (sound) ii Rep. ITU-R BS.2384-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2015 ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rep. ITU-R BS.2384-0 1 REPORT ITU-R BS.2384-0 Implementation considerations for the introduction and transition to digital terrestrial sound and multimedia broadcasting (2015) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 3 2 Why replace analogue sound broadcasting? ................................................................... 4 3 Observations and reactions on current and planned DSB and multimedia broadcasting implementations.............................................................................................................. 4 3.1 The DAB System ................................................................................................ 6 3.2 The DRM System ............................................................................................... 7 3.3 The HD Radio System ........................................................................................ 8 3.4 ISDB-Tmm System ............................................................................................ 8 4 Completing the transition to digital terrestrial sound and multimedia broadcasting ...... 9 Annex 1 ‒ Social, regulatory and technical factors involved when considering a transition to the DRM system ..................................................................................................... 9 Attachment 1 ‒ Spectrum management and service planning considerations for implementing the DRM30 system in the broadcasting bands below 30 MHz ............... 16 Attachment 2 ‒ Spectrum management and service planning considerations for implementing the DRM+ system in the VHF broadcasting bands ................................. 20 Attachment 2.1 ‒ Measurements of DRM30 coverage area in the medium- frequency band in the day-time, night-time and in the fading zone ................... 27 Attachment 2.1 bis ‒ Single Frequency DRM30 Radio networks in the HF bands ................................................................................................................... 43 Attachment 2.2 ‒ Field trials in Rome on the possible use of the DRM+ system in VHF Band II to migrate from FM sound broadcasting to digital technology 55 Annex 2 ‒ The HD Radio System ............................................................................................ 70 Attachment 1 ‒ Spectrum management and service planning considerations for implementing the HD Radio system in the MF broadcasting band ................................ 73 Attachment 2 ‒ Spectrum management and service planning considerations for implementing the HD Radio system in the VHF broadcasting bands ............................ 103 Attachment 2.1 ‒ HD Radio VHF example implementation .............................. 164 2 Rep. ITU-R BS.2384-0 Annex 3 ‒ Social, regulatory and technical factors involved when considering a transition to the DAB or DAB+ systems .................................................................................. 170 Attachment 1 ‒ DAB network implementation in Italy ................................................. 183 Attachment 2 ‒ DAB network implementation in the Vatican City State...................... 194 Annex 4 ‒ Consideration of social, regulatory and technical factors on a transition to the ISDB-T multimedia broadcasting systems ............................................................ 193 Attachment ‒ ISDB-Tmm implementation in Japan ...................................................... 205 Rep. ITU-R BS.2384-0 3 1 Introduction With the transition to digital television broadcasting now well advanced it is appropriate to consider once again why there has been inconsistent interest among administrations or demand from listeners to make a complete transition to digital sound broadcasting. Some administrations have strongly supported a transition, others have taken a cautious approach and some have expressed little interest. This Report seeks to highlight the benefits of digital sound broadcasting and reports on some successful implementations This Report also seeks to address some of the negative comments made during public consultations, particular by consumer groups, expressed on ceasing analogue sound broadcasting and goes on to address the technical and economic factors involved in bringing the advantages of digital sound broadcasting to all listeners around the world. Sound broadcasting has developed over the past 90 years as essential part of daily life for providing the public with a rich, advanced and diversified information and entertainment and is set to play a continuing role in shaping and participating in the global knowledge and information based economy. Rather than being in decline, audience monitoring figures from advanced media markets, such as the United Kingdom (see RAJAR1 listening figures (http://www.rajar.co.uk/listening/)) reveal that sound broadcasting has undergone a resurgence of interest in recent years and is now increasing in popularity – the key factors being the universality, mobility, intimacy of the listening experience, and all without any access charges. Moreover, terrestrial broadcast delivery offers truly mobile reception, particularly in cars, that is both cost effective and reliable for content providers. However, the introduction of new forms of digital information and entertainment in several Regions, including satellite radio and Internet streaming of radio programming present challenges for analogue radio. Analogue radio needs to make a transition to digital broadcasting in order to allow analogue radio to add new programming and new features necessary to make radio competitive with new forms of digital entertainment and information. The technical and propagation characteristics of sound broadcasting combine so that it remains the best medium for relaying of live news and information. The differing characteristics of the frequency bands available for terrestrial sound broadcasting should be seen as providing the flexibility for matching the various genres of sound broadcasting to audience expectations, rather than an unwanted source of complication for technical neutrality notions implicit in market-forces based spectrum management theories: the propagation characteristics of the broadcasting bands below 30 MHz are ideal for wide area/long distance coverage free from the constraints that can be imposed on other methods of delivering electronic communication services by economic factors or political gatekeepers; the propagation characteristics of the VHF broadcasting bands allow service areas to be matched closely to the distribution of population, the various types of distribution topologies required (i.e. national coverage segments, regional/county coverage, city-wide coverage as well as smaller local/community operations) and the terrain involved. 1 RAJAR stands for radio joint audience research and is the official body in charge of measuring radio audiences in the UK. It is jointly owned by the BBC and the RadioCentre on behalf of the commercial sector. 4 Rep. ITU-R BS.2384-0 2 Why replace analogue sound broadcasting? The traditional model of sound broadcasting faces challenges that make it essential to pursue the goal of moving to digital modulation techniques. For administrations and broadcasters, the analogue modulation techniques of amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) used around the world
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