Freedom of the Press 2005

FREEDOM OF THE PRESS 2005 FREEDOM OF THE PRESS 2005 A Global Survey of Media Independence EDITED BY KARIN DEUTSCH KARLEKAR FREEDOM HOUSE NEW YORK WASHINGTON, D.C. ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. LANHAM BOULDER NEW YORK TORONTO OXFORD ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC. Published in the United States of America by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, MD 20706 www.rowmanlittlefield.com P.O. Box 317, Oxford OX2 9RU, United Kingdom Copyright © 2005 by Freedom House All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. ISSN 1551-9163 ISBN 0-7425-4028-6 (cloth : alk. paper) ISBN 0-7425-4029-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992. Table of Contents Acknowledgments, vii The Survey Team, ix Survey Methodology, xvii Press Freedom in 2004, 1 Karin Deutsch Karlekar Global and Regional Tables, 11 Country Reports and Ratings, 19 Freedom House Board of Trustees, 225 About Freedom House, 226 Acknowledgments Freedom of the Press 2005 could not have been completed without the contributions of numerous Freedom House staff and consultants. The following section, entitled “The Survey Team,” contains a detailed list of writers and advisers without whose efforts and input this project would not have been possible. We are grateful for the insights provided by those who served on this year’s review team, including Freedom House staff members Jennifer Windsor, Arch Puddington, Christopher Walker, Sarah Repucci, Leonard R. Sussman, and Adrian Karatnycky, as well as Johanna Carrillo and Nikki Kazimova of the International Center for Journalists. In addition, the ratings and narratives were reviewed by a number of Freedom House staff based in our overseas offices, including Christina Hartman of FH– Tashkent, Mike Staresinic of FH–Belgrade, Kristie Evenson and the staff at the FH–Budapest office, and the staff of the FH–Jordan office. This report also reflects the findings of the Freedom House study Freedom in the World 2005: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. Karin Deutsch Karlekar, a senior researcher at Freedom House, served as managing editor of this year’s survey. Overall guidance for the project was provided by Arch Puddington, director of research, and by Christopher Walker, director of studies. Mark Rosenberg, researcher, and Ana Jelenkovic, research intern, were involved in all stages of the research, writing, and editing process. Research, editorial, proofreading, and administrative assistance was provided by Amy Phillips, Sanja Tatic, Alex vii viii ❚ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Taurel, and Abigail Becker. Anne Green, of Greenways Graphic Design, was responsible for the design and layout of the book, while Sona Vogel served as the principal copy editor. Freedom House would like to thank the John F. and James L. Knight Foundation and the Annenberg Foundation for their generous grants in support of our freedom of expression work. Additional support for this year’s survey was provided by the World Press Freedom Committee, the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, the Freedom Forum, and Bette Bao Lord. The Survey Team Contributing Authors Martin Edwin “Mick” Andersen is an investigative reporter and historian. He has worked as a special correspondent for Newsweek and The Washington Post in Argentina, a staff member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, and senior adviser for policy planning with the Criminal Division of the U.S. Justice Department. He served as the South America analyst for Freedom of the Press. Ashley Esarey is a PhD candidate in political science at Columbia University and an assistant professor of political science at Middlebury College. His dissertation research focused on the mass media and legitimization of Chinese Communist Party rule, and he has done extensive field research on Chinese print media content. He served as the East Asia analyst for Freedom of the Press. Thomas W. Gold is an adjunct professor of political science at the City University of New York. He is a former assistant professor of comparative politics at Sacred Heart University and the author of The Lega Nord and Contemporary Politics in Italy. He earned his PhD from the New School for Social Research and received a Fulbright Fellowship to conduct research in Italy in 1996 and 1997. He served as a Western Europe analyst for Freedom of the Press. ix x ❚ THE SURVEY TEAM Michael Goldfarb is senior press officer at Freedom House. He has worked as a reporter in Israel for United Press International and as a writer for Time.com, the Web site of Time magazine. He served as a Middle East analyst for Freedom of the Press. Amy Hawthorne is an independent consultant specializing in Arab politics and democracy promotion in the Middle East. Previously, as an associate at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, she was the founding editor of the endowment’s Arab Reform Bulletin. She served as the North Africa analyst for Freedom of the Press. Diana Howansky is a staff associate at the Ukrainian Studies Program of Columbia University. She holds an MA in international affairs, with a specialization in Russian Area and East European Studies, from the School of Advanced International Studies at Johns Hopkins University. She has worked in the field of democratic development in various countries in the former Soviet Union. She served as a former Soviet Union analyst for Freedom of the Press. Ana Jelenkovic is a research intern at Freedom House. She holds an MA in international relations from Columbia University. She has worked on Balkan human rights issues at the Committee to Protect Journalists, the Harriman Institute and the Institute for the Study of Europe at Columbia University, the Open Society Institute, and Freedom House’s Belgrade office. She served as a Balkans/Eastern Europe analyst for Freedom of the Press. Karin Deutsch Karlekar is a senior researcher at Freedom House and editor of the Freedom of the Press survey. She has authored reports and conducted fact-finding missions on press freedom, human rights, and governance issues in a number of countries in Africa and South Asia. She holds a PhD in Indian history from Cambridge University and previously worked as a consultant for Human Rights Watch. She served as a South Asia and Africa analyst for Freedom of the Press. Brian M. Katulis is an analyst and public opinion research consultant who has worked on democracy and governance projects in the Middle East, Asia, Central and Eastern Europe, and Latin America. His experience includes work on the Policy Planning Staff at the Department of State and THE SURVEY TEAM ❚ xi the Near East and South Asian Directorate of the National Security Council during the Clinton administration. He served as a Middle East analyst for Freedom of the Press. Daniel Kimmage received his BA from Binghamton University and his MA from Cornell University. He has been the Central Asia analyst at Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty since December 2003. He served as the Central Asia analyst for Freedom of the Press. Eric Loo, PhD, is head of postgraduate studies, School of Journalism & Creative Writing, at the University of Wollongong, Australia. He has worked as a journalist, educator, and trainer in Asia and Australia. His current research interests include comparative media systems, “Asian” media practice, and the influence of satellite imagery in the reporting of global conflicts. Eric is editor of a refereed journal, Asia Pacific Media Educator. He served as an Asia-Pacific analyst for Freedom of the Press. Crispin C. Maslog is a visiting professor, School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. A former journalist with Agence France-Presse’s Manila bureau, he got his PhD in mass communication from the University of Minnesota. He was the founding director of the School of Communication, Silliman University, in Dumaguete City, Philippines, and has written or edited 20 books on communications and journalism. He served as a Southeast Asia analyst for Freedom of the Press. Folu Folarin Ogundimu is a professor of journalism and senior research associate for Afrobarometer at Michigan State University. He holds a PhD in mass communication from Indiana University, Bloomington, and is coeditor of Media and Democracy in Africa. He served as a West Africa analyst for Freedom of the Press. Dapo Olorunyomi is Freedom House project director for Nigeria. A former newspaper editor, he has done extensive investigative reports on human rights violations by the former military dictatorship in Nigeria. His work earned him the PEN Freedom to Write Award (1996) and the International Editors Award (1995). He was previously media program officer at the Open Society Institute and the Africa program director with the Panos Institute in Washington, D.C. He served as a West Africa analyst for Freedom of the Press. xii ❚ THE SURVEY TEAM Amy Phillips is a research assistant at Freedom House focusing on governance and United Nations reform issues. She previously worked in the U.S. House of Representatives and holds a BA in philosophy and politics from New York University. She served as a Pacific Islands analyst for Freedom of the Press. Arch Puddington is director of research at Freedom House and coeditor of Freedom in the World. He has written widely on American foreign policy, race relations, organized labor, and the history of the Cold War. He is the author of Broadcasting Freedom: The Cold War Triumph of Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty and Lane Kirkland: Champion of American Labor.

Load more