Introduction to International Radio Regulations
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47 CFR Ch. I (10–1–97 Edition) § 80.223
§ 80.223 47 CFR Ch. I (10±1±97 Edition) (3) The interval between successive able to be manually keyed. If provi- tones must not exceed 4 milliseconds; sions are made for automatically (4) The amplitude ratio of the tones transmitting the radiotelegraph alarm must be flat within 1.6 dB; signal or the radiotelegraph distress (5) The output of the device must be signal, such provisions must meet the sufficient to modulate the associated requirements in subpart F of this part. transmitter for H2B emission to at (d) Any EPIRB carried as part of a least 70 percent, and for J2B emission survival craft station must comply to within 3 dB of the rated peak enve- with the specific technical and per- lope power; formance requirements for its class (6) Light from the device must not contained in subpart V of this chapter. interfere with the safe navigation of the ship; [51 FR 31213, Sept. 2, 1986, as amended at 53 (7) After activation the device must FR 8905, Mar. 18, 1988; 53 FR 37308, Sept. 26, automatically generate the radio- 1988; 56 FR 11516, Mar. 19, 1991] telephone alarm signal for not less than 30 seconds and not more than 60 § 80.225 Requirements for selective seconds unless manually interrupted; calling equipment. (8) After generating the radio- This section specifies the require- telephone alarm signal or after manual ments for voluntary digital selective interruption the device must be imme- calling (DSC) equipment and selective diately ready to repeat the signal; calling equipment installed in ship and (9) The transmitter must be auto- coast stations. -
A Brief History of Radio Broadcasting in Africa
A Brief History of Radio Broadcasting in Africa Radio is by far the dominant and most important mass medium in Africa. Its flexibility, low cost, and oral character meet Africa's situation very well. Yet radio is less developed in Africa than it is anywhere else. There are relatively few radio stations in each of Africa's 53 nations and fewer radio sets per head of population than anywhere else in the world. Radio remains the top medium in terms of the number of people that it reaches. Even though television has shown considerable growth (especially in the 1990s) and despite a widespread liberalization of the press over the same period, radio still outstrips both television and the press in reaching most people on the continent. The main exceptions to this ate in the far south, in South Africa, where television and the press are both very strong, and in the Arab north, where television is now the dominant medium. South of the Sahara and north of the Limpopo River, radio remains dominant at the start of the 21St century. The internet is developing fast, mainly in urban areas, but its growth is slowed considerably by the very low level of development of telephone systems. There is much variation between African countries in access to and use of radio. The weekly reach of radio ranges from about 50 percent of adults in the poorer countries to virtually everyone in the more developed ones. But even in some poor countries the reach of radio can be very high. In Tanzania, for example, nearly nine out of ten adults listen to radio in an average week. -
Revisions to Microwave Spectrum Utilization Policies in the Range of 1-20 Ghz
SP 1-20 GHz January 1995 Spectrum Management Spectrum Utilization Policy Revisions to Microwave Spectrum Utilization Policies in the Range of 1-20 GHz Notice No. DGTP-002-95 Amended by: DGTP-006-99 Amendments to the Microwave Spectrum Utilization Policies in the 1-3 GHz Frequency Range (October 1999) DGTP-006-97 Proposals to Provide New Opportunities for the Use of the Radio Spectrum in the 1-20 GHz Frequency Range (August 1997) DGTP-007-97 Spectrum Policy Provisions to Permit the Use of Digital Radio Broadcasting Installations to Provide to Non-Broadcasting Services (September 1997) DGTP-004-97 Licence Exempt Personal Communications Services in the Frequency Band 1910-1930 MHz (April 1997) DGTP-005-95 / Policy and Call for Applications: Wireless Personal Communications Services in the 2 GHz Range, Implementing PCS DGRB-002-95 in Canada (June 1995) DGTP-007-00 / Policy and Licensing Procedures for the Auction of the Additional PCS Spectrum in the 2 GHz Frequency Range DGRB-005-00 (June 2000) DGTP-003-01 Revisions to the Spectrum Utilization Policy for Services in the Frequency Range 2285-2483.5 MHz (June 2001) DGRB-003-03 Policy and Licensing Procedures for the Auction of Spectrum Licences in the 2300 MHz and 3500 MHz Bands (September 2003) DGRB-006-99 Policy and Licensing Procedures - Multipoint Communications Systems in the 2500 MHz Range (June 1999) DGTP-004-04 Revisions to Allocations in the Band 2500-2690 MHz and Consultation on Spectrum Utilization (April 2004) DGTP-008-04 Revisions to Spectrum Utilization Policies in the 3-30 GHz -
Spectrum Management: a State of the Profession White Paper
Astro2020 APC White Paper Spectrum Management: A State of the Profession White Paper Type of Activity: ☐ Ground Based Project ☐ Space Based Project ☐ Infrastructure Activity ☐ Technological Development Activity ☒ State of the Profession Consideration ☐ Other Principal Author: Name: Liese van Zee Institution: Indiana University Email: [email protected] Phone: 812 855 0274 Co-authors: (names and institutions) David DeBoer (University of California, Radio Astronomy Lab), Darrel Emerson (Steward Observatory, University of Arizona), Tomas E. Gergely (retired), Namir Kassim (Naval Research Laboratory), Amy J. Lovell (Agnes Scott College), James M. Moran (Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian), Timothy J. Pearson (California Institute of Technology), Scott Ransom (National Radio Astronomy Observatory), and Gregory B. Taylor (University of New Mexico) Abstract (optional): This Astro2020 APC white paper addresses state of the profession considerations regarding spectrum management for the protection of radio astronomy observations. Given the increasing commercial demand for radio spectrum, and the high monetary value associated with such use, innovative approaches to spectrum management will be necessary to ensure the scientific capabilities of current and future radio telescopes. Key aspects include development of methods, in both hardware and software, to improve mitigation and excision of radio frequency interference (RFI). In addition, innovative approaches to radio regulations and coordination between observatories and commercial -
Radio Spectrum a Key Resource for the Digital Single Market
Briefing March 2015 Radio spectrum A key resource for the Digital Single Market SUMMARY Radio spectrum refers to a specific range of frequencies of electromagnetic energy that is used to communicate information. Applications important for society such as radio and television broadcasting, civil aviation, satellites, defence and emergency services depend on specific allocations of radio frequency. Recently the demand for spectrum has increased dramatically, driven by growing quantities of data transmitted over the internet and rapidly increasing numbers of wireless devices, including smartphones and tablets, Wi-Fi networks and everyday objects connected to the internet. Radio spectrum is a finite natural resource that needs to be managed to realise the maximum economic and social benefits. Countries have traditionally regulated radio spectrum within their territories. However despite the increasing involvement of the European Union (EU) in radio spectrum policy over the past 10 to 15 years, many observers feel that the management of radio spectrum in the EU is fragmented in ways which makes the internal market inefficient, restrains economic development, and hinders the achievement of certain goals of the Digital Agenda for Europe. In 2013, the European Commission proposed legislation on electronic communications that among other measures, provided for greater coordination in spectrum management in the EU, but this has stalled in the face of opposition within the Council. In setting out his political priorities, Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker has indicated that ambitious telecommunication reforms, to break down national silos in the management of radio spectrum, are an important step in the creation of a Digital Single Market. The Commission plans to propose a Digital Single Market package in May 2015, which may again address this issue. -
Executive Summary of the ICAO Position for ITU WRC-15 Radio
Executive Summary of the ICAO Position for ITU WRC-15 Radio frequency spectrum is a scarce natural resource with finite capacity for which demand is constantly increasing. The requirements of civil aviation as well as other spectrum users continue to grow at a fast pace, thus creating an ever-increasing pressure to an already stretched resource. International competition between radio services obliges all spectrum users, aeronautical and non- aeronautical alike, to continually defend and justify retention of existing or addition of new frequency bands. The ICAO Position aims at protecting aeronautical frequency spectrum for all radiocommunication and radionavigation systems used for ground facilities and on board aircraft. The ICAO Position addresses all radioregulatory aspects on aeronautical matters on the agenda for the WRC-15. The items of main concern to aviation include the following: identification of additional frequency bands for the International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). Under this agenda item, the telecommunications industry is seeking up to 1200 MHz of additional spectrum in the 300 MHz to 6 GHz range for mobile and broadband applications. It is expected that a number of aeronautical frequency bands will come under pressure for potential repurposing, especially some of the Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) bands. Existing frequency allocations which are vital for the operation of aeronautical very small aperture terminal (VSAT) ground-ground communication networks, especially in tropical regions, are also expected to come under pressure. Due to decisions made by a previous WRC, this has already become a problematic issue in Africa. WRC-15 agenda items 1.1 and 9.1.5 refer; potential radioregulatory means to facilitate the use of non-safety satellite service frequency bands for a very safety-critical application, the command and control link for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) in non-segregated airspace. -
CITC Operational Procedures for Issuing Frequency Assignments and Radio Licenses for Professional Radiocommunication Services
CITC Operational Procedures for Issuing Frequency Assignments and Radio Licenses for Professional Radiocommunication Services Contents 1. INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 5 2. AERONAUTICAL SERVICES ................................................................................. 6 2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 6 2.2 DESCRIPTION OF SERVICES/LICENCES ................................................................ 6 2.2.1 LICENCES AVAILABLE. ........................................................................................ 6 2.2.2 WHO CAN APPLY ................................................................................................ 7 2.3 FREQUENCY BANDS ........................................................................................... 7 2.4 LICENSING GUIDELINES ...................................................................................... 7 2.4.1 CALL SIGNS ....................................................................................................... 7 2.4.2 FITTING OF EQUIPMENT ...................................................................................... 8 2.4.3 OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT ................................................................................ 8 2.5 LICENCE APPLICATION FORMS ............................................................................ 8 2.6 TIMESCALES FOR LICENCE ISSUE ....................................................................... -
History of Radio Broadcasting in Montana
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1963 History of radio broadcasting in Montana Ron P. Richards The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Richards, Ron P., "History of radio broadcasting in Montana" (1963). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5869. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5869 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE HISTORY OF RADIO BROADCASTING IN MONTANA ty RON P. RICHARDS B. A. in Journalism Montana State University, 1959 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Journalism MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY 1963 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dean, Graduate School Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number; EP36670 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Oiuartation PVUithing UMI EP36670 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013). -
General Disclaimer One Or More of the Following Statements May Affect
General Disclaimer One or more of the Following Statements may affect this Document This document has been reproduced from the best copy furnished by the organizational source. It is being released in the interest of making available as much information as possible. This document may contain data, which exceeds the sheet parameters. It was furnished in this condition by the organizational source and is the best copy available. This document may contain tone-on-tone or color graphs, charts and/or pictures, which have been reproduced in black and white. This document is paginated as submitted by the original source. Portions of this document are not fully legible due to the historical nature of some of the material. However, it is the best reproduction available from the original submission. Produced by the NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI) . AE (NASA-TM-74770) SATELLITES FOR DISTRESS 77-28178 ALERTING AND LOCATING; REPORT BY TNTERAG .ENCY COMMITTEE FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE !^ !I"^ U U AD HOC WORKING GROUP Final Report. ( National. Unclas Aeronautics and Space Administration) 178 p G3 / 15 41346 0" INTERAGENCY COMMITTEE FOR SEARCH AND RESCUE AD HOC WORKING GROUP REPORT ON SATELLITES FOR DISTRESS ALERTING AND LOCATING FINAL REPORT OCTOBER 1976 r^> JUL 1977 RASA STI FACIUIV INPUT 3DNUH ^;w ^^^p^112 ^3 jq7 Lltl1V797, I - , ^1^ , - I t Y I FOREWORD L I^ This report was prepared to document the work initiated by the ad hoc working group on satellites for search and rescue (SAR). The ad hoc L working group on satellites for distress alerting and locating (DAL), formed 1 in November 1975 by agreement of the Interagency Committee on Search and Rescue (ICSAR), consisted of representatives from Maritime Administration, NASA Headquarters, Goddard Space Flight Center, U.S. -
NTFA & Channel Arrangements
NTFA & Channel arrangements Training on SMS4DC Vientiane, Lao P.D.R 12 – 14 February 2019 Aamir Riaz International Telecommunication Union – Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific [email protected] Outline • National Table of Frequency Allocations 1 • Channel Arrangements 2 SMS4DC Spectrum Allocation Chart Draw Chart: Item to depict a section of regional or national FAT in strip format. Each segment in the frequency allocations strip denotes a frequency allocation to a radiocommunication service with its service priority . SMS4DC Spectrum Allocation Chart(2) The mouse cursor shape on the strip is changed to a cross (+) and a left-click on a colored patch shows its characteristics, including: frequency band, service name, service priority, service footnotes and frequency band footnotes at the top-left corner of chart. Push buttons in browsing toolbar in the item “Frequency Allocations‐>Edit‐ >Plan” Modification of legend of frequency allocations chart Service table” item in menu enables user to browse and modify radiocommunication service name and color used in the frequency allocations chart. Editing National Plan and Footnote The “Edit” menu under the frequency allocations chart provides three powerful items: “Plan”, “Service Table” and “Footnotes” to edit the content of the frequency allocations table and chart color. Editing National Plan and Footnote(1) Editing the Service Table Editing the footnote Outline • National Table of Frequency Allocations 1 • Channel Arrangements 2 Channel Arrangements Purposes(1) Once a frequency band has been allocated to a service, it is necessary to make provision for systems and users to access the frequencies in an orderly manner. The most commonly used method is by frequency division. -
Models and Solution Techniques for Frequency Assignment Problems
Ann Oper Res (2007) 153: 79–129 DOI 10.1007/s10479-007-0178-0 Models and solution techniques for frequency assignment problems Karen I. Aardal · Stan P.M. van Hoesel · Arie M.C.A. Koster · Carlo Mannino · Antonio Sassano Published online: 12 May 2007 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007 Abstract Wireless communication is used in many different situations such as mobile tele- phony, radio and TV broadcasting, satellite communication, wireless LANs, and military operations. In each of these situations a frequency assignment problem arises with applica- tion specific characteristics. Researchers have developed different modeling ideas for each of the features of the problem, such as the handling of interference among radio signals, the availability of frequencies, and the optimization criterion. This survey gives an overview of the models and methods that the literature provides on the topic. We present a broad description of the practical settings in which frequency assign- ment is applied. We also present a classification of the different models and formulations described in the literature, such that the common features of the models are emphasized. The solution methods are divided in two parts. Optimization and lower bounding techniques on the one hand, and heuristic search techniques on the other hand. The literature is classi- fied according to the used methods. Again, we emphasize the common features, used in the different papers. The quality of the solution methods is compared, whenever possible, on publicly available benchmark instances. This is an updated version of a paper that appeared in 4OR 1, 261–317, 2003. K.I. Aardal Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica (CWI), P.O. -
Federal Communications Commission FCC 02-23
Federal Communications Commission FCC 02-23 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Amendment of Parts 2, 25 and 97 of the ) Commission's Rules with Regard to the ) ET Docket No. 98-142 Mobile-Satellite Service Above 1 GHz ) REPORT AND ORDER Adopted: January 28, 2002 Released: February 7, 2002 By the Commission: TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................ 1 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................... 2 III. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................. 6 IV. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................ 11 A. NGSO MSS Feeder Uplinks at 5091-5250 MHz ........................................................................11 1. Current Use.........................................................................................................................11 2. Proposal..............................................................................................................................13 3. Comments...........................................................................................................................14 4. Decision..............................................................................................................................16