NTFA & Channel arrangements
Training on SMS4DC Vientiane, Lao P.D.R 12 – 14 February 2019
Aamir Riaz International Telecommunication Union – Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific [email protected] Outline
• National Table of Frequency Allocations 1
• Channel Arrangements 2 SMS4DC Spectrum Allocation Chart
Draw Chart: Item to depict a section of regional or national FAT in strip format. Each segment in the frequency allocations strip denotes a frequency allocation to a radiocommunication service with its service priority . SMS4DC Spectrum Allocation Chart(2)
The mouse cursor shape on the strip is changed to a cross (+) and a left-click on a colored patch shows its characteristics, including: frequency band, service name, service priority, service footnotes and frequency band footnotes at the top-left corner of chart. Push buttons in browsing toolbar in the item “Frequency Allocations‐>Edit‐ >Plan” Modification of legend of frequency allocations chart
Service table” item in menu enables user to browse and modify radiocommunication service name and color used in the frequency allocations chart. Editing National Plan and Footnote
The “Edit” menu under the frequency allocations chart provides three powerful items: “Plan”, “Service Table” and “Footnotes” to edit the content of the frequency allocations table and chart color. Editing National Plan and Footnote(1) Editing the Service Table Editing the footnote
Outline
• National Table of Frequency Allocations 1
• Channel Arrangements 2 Channel Arrangements Purposes(1)
Once a frequency band has been allocated to a service, it is necessary to make provision for systems and users to access the frequencies in an orderly manner. The most commonly used method is by frequency division. That is, by dividing the spectrum available into a number of channels. The bandwidth of the channels depends on the technology to be used and the required traffic capacity of the systems that will use the channel. Channel Arrangements: Purpose(2)
In many cases, the type of traffic to be sent will require simultaneous bi-directional communication (duplex operation), therefore the channel arrangement should provide two- frequency channels for “go and return”.
In order to provide harmonisation of frequency use, for example to aid cross border frequency coordination, ITU-R has developed recommended channels arrangements for bands allocated to the fixed service. For the same reason, some regional organizations have also developed arrangements for both fixed and mobile services. Modes of Channel Operation
Simplex operation: Operating method in which transmission is made possible alternately in each direction of a telecommunication channel, for example, by means of manual control Duplex operation: Operating method in which transmission is possible simultaneously in both directions of a telecommunication channel Duplex operation: Operating method in which transmission is possible simultaneously in both directions of a telecommunication channel Necessary bandwidth: For a given class of emission, the width of the frequency band which is just sufficient to ensure the transmission of information at the rate and with the quality required under specified conditions Modes of Channel Operation(2)
Frequency division duplex (FDD): Frequencydivisionduplex(FDD)isa technique where separate frequency bands are used at the transmitter and receiver side Because the FDD technique uses different frequency bands for send and receive operations, the sending and receiving data signals don't interfere with each other. This makes FDD a better choice than Time Division Duplex (TDD) . Modes of Channel Operation(3)
Time division duplex (TDD):Time division duplex (TDD) refers to duplex communication links where uplink is separated from downlink by the allocation of different time slots in the same frequency band. It is a transmission scheme that allows asymmetric flow for uplink and downlink data transmission. CEPT Recommendation TR 25‐08: Frequency arrangements for VHF bands allocated to the mobile service
FB = Fixed Base transmit frequency channels ML = Land Mobile transmit frequency channels Si = Single frequency CEPT Recommendation TR 25‐08: Frequency arrangements for UHF bands allocated to the mobile service SMS4DC Frequency arrangement
Frequency arrangement item in the “Frequency Allocation ”menuofSMS4DC. There are three possible types of frequency arrangement in SMS4DC: Homogenous, Uniform, and, Non-uniform Any frequency plan shall be in conformity with frequency allocation table. There are already list of planned assignable frequencies could be browsed from item “Frequency table” of “Frequency Allocation ” menu . Types of Frequency Arrangement in SMS4DC:
Homogeneous channel arrangement(FDD): 𝑓𝑛= 𝑓0+ 𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡+𝑛.𝑋𝑆 𝑀𝐻𝑧, 𝑛=0,1,2,… 𝑓𝑛′= 𝑓0+ 𝑓𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑠𝑒𝑡′+𝑛.𝑋𝑆 𝑀𝐻𝑧, 𝑛=0,1,2,… Types of Frequency Arrangement in SMS4DC(2):
Uniform channel arrangement:
𝑓𝑛= 𝑓0+𝑛.𝑋𝑆 𝑀𝐻𝑧, 𝑛=0,1,2,… Types of Frequency Arrangement in SMS4DC(2):
Non-uniform channel arrangement. VHF Frequency Channel Arrangement 146 to 174 MHz
Tow Types of channel arrangement
Single-frequency channels for the mobile service
Dual frequency channels for the mobile service Channel bandwidth in VHF 146‐174 MHz systems are6.25,12.5,25…..kHz Single‐frequency channels for the mobile service in VHF
For the band of 146-146.8 , the channel arrangement result using SMS4DC is
ID : 20 Frequency Plan ID : 1460.000025 Region : 1 Frequency Band : [146.012 ‐ 146.813] MHz Channel Spacing : 0.025 MHz RadioCommunication Service : Land Mobile Priority : Primary Type of Frequency Plan : Uniform Comment : ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ Frequency Unit : MHz ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐ No. Center Frequency 001 146.025 002 146.05 : : 031 146.775 032 146.8 Dual frequency channels for the mobile service In VHF
For the GO band of 146.8-149.9 and RETURN band of 151.1-154.2 , the channel arrangement result using SMS4DC is
ID : 21 Frequency Plan ID : 1468.000012 Region : 1 Frequency Band : [146.806 - 149.906] MHz [151.406 - 154.506] MHz Channel Spacing : 0.0125 MHz RadioCommunication Service : Land Mobile Priority : Primary Type of Frequency Plan : Homogeneous Comment : ------Frequency Unit : MHz ------Lower Upper No. Center Frequency Center Frequency 001 146.813 151.412 002 146.825 151.425 003 146.838 151.438 : : : 247 149.888 154.488 248 149.9 154.5 RF channel arrangements for digital fixed wireless systems operating in the 7900 ‐ 8400 MHz band(1)
RF Channel arrangement suitable for digital fixed wireless systems with a channel separation up to 28 MHz, lower half of the band: fn= f0 – 259 + 28 n MHz upper half of the band: f’n = f0 + 7 + 28 n MHz where: f0=8150 , n = 1, 2, 3, . . . 8. RF channel arrangements for digital fixed wireless systems operating in the 7900 ‐ 8400 MHz band
RF channel arrangements for band the 7900 - 8400 MHz band using SMS4DC is
ID : 22 Frequency Plan ID : 81500.028000 Region : 1 Frequency Band : [7905 - 8129] MHz [8171 - 8395] MHz Channel Spacing : 28 MHz RadioCommunication Service : Fixed Priority : Primary Type of Frequency Plan : Homogeneous Comment : ------Frequency Unit : MHz ------Lower Upper No. Center Frequency Center Frequency 001 7919 8185 002 7947 8213
006 8059 8325 007 8087 8353 008 8115 8381 LIST OF FREQUENCY BANDS AND ADOPTED RECOMMENDATIONS
Notification of frequency Assignments for recording in the Master International Frequency Register (MIFR)
Training on SMS4DC Vientiane, Lao P.D.R 12 – 14 February 2019
Aamir Riaz International Telecommunication Union – Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific [email protected] Spectrum management
The ever-increasing global application of different means of radiocommunications and a need for correct management of intensive use of radio frequencies requires a high level of international cooperation.
One of the principal tasks of ITU-R is to administer and facilitate the complex intergovernmental relations needed to develop legally binding agreements between sovereign States. The Importance of Notification
Radio frequency spectrum is a limited natural resource that must be used rationally, efficiently and economically, inconformity with the Radio Regulations, so that countries and groups of countries may have equitable access to it.
It is therefore important to notify the BR about the bringing into use or the planned bringing into use of the radio-frequency, so as to:
Allow the BR to apply the appropriate procedure(s);
Inform other possibly affected Administrations about the actual use of theradio- frequencies;
Initiate and complete any required coordination; Master International Frequency Register
The Master International Frequency Register (MIFR) is the formal database of satellite and terrestrial frequency assignments maintained by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Recording in the MIFR is the final stage of the frequency coordination process, and confers international recognition and protection from interference for those frequency assignments. General Notification procedure
N Notified In conformity Part I assignment RR 11.31
Y
Assignment N Acknowledgment covered by a Plan? Y
In conformityN RR 11.34 Returned Y Recorded in MIFR Part II Part III 5 Electronic Notification Format
Following RESOLUTION 906 (WRC07), as from 01/01/2009, notices for Terrestrial Services are submitted to the BR in electronic format only.
One of the major reasons is that there is a quite large number of notice types, of different complexity, used for the notification of radio-stations in the Terrestrial Services. The nature of data to be provided and its completeness vary considerably from one notice type to the other.
It is therefore very important to use the correct notice type with the correct intent according to the effective purpose of the notification and the fragment to which it refers. Terms & Definitions
Electronic notification: a given “electronic notification file”, following the BR format, which contains one or more “notice(s)”.
In addition to its notice type, each “notice” must have a set of two elements which clarify to the Bureau the concerned radio communication service together with the purpose of the notice, so as to apply the appropriate procedure. These are namely the fragment and the action.
Fragment: a coded indicator defining the scope under which the proposed notice applies.
Acceptable values are: 1.NTFD_RR (notified under RR, synonym to ART11), for the MIFR scope. 2.Abbreviated plan names for the Plans (i.e. GE84, GE06A, GE06D, GE75, AP25, etc.) Terms & Definitions(2)
Action: Some times also called “intent”, this is a coded indicator specifying the purpose of the proposed notice. Terms & Definitions(3) Selecting the appropriate Notice Type
The identification and selection of the correct notice type to use is done in accordance with several criteria, starting from a “large segmentation” and then restricting the scope until the correct type is found:
1.Partition by “Segments”. 2.Partition by “Fragments” inside the “Segments”.
And these “partitions ”are based on: → The corresponding radiocommunication service. → Or appropriate class of station, → The geographical zone and frequency band, → The applicable provision of the RR or the Regional Agreement, → The action (or intent) requested by the notice. Selecting the appropriate Notice Type(2)
Partition by “Segments” Selecting the appropriate Notice Type(3)
Type LF/MF Segment -Partition by “Fragments”
• LF/MF Segment ‐Partition by “Fragments” Selecting the appropriate Notice Type(4)
Analog FM / TV Segment - Partition by “Fragments” Selecting the appropriate Notice Type(5)
GE06 Digital Broadcasting - Partition by “Fragments” Selecting the appropriate Notice Type(6)
FXM Segment -Partition by “Fragments” All Notice types are applicable for all relevant actions (ADD/MOFIDY/SUPPRESS/WITHDRAW) Selecting the appropriate Notice Type(7)
Broadcasting Service – [Notice Type ↔ Action] Combinations SMS4DC Electronic Notice
SMS4DC is able to generate T01, T02, T11, T12, T13, T14, TB1, TB2, TB3, TB4, TB5, G11, G12, G13, G14, GS1, GT1, G02 and GB1 electronic notices.
No notice form could be generated if mandatory fields in consequent levels of tree view are incomplete. Therefore, users need to complete all mandatory information; including frequency(s), receiver information and antenna characteristics. SMS4DC Electronic Notice(2) SMS4DC Electronic Notice(3)
Propagation Models in SMS4DC
Training on SMS4DC Vientiane, Lao P.D.R 12 – 14 February 2019
Aamir Riaz International Telecommunication Union – Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific [email protected] Radio propagation fundamentals
Propagation is a term used to explain how radio waves behave when they are transmitted, or are propagated from one point on the Earth to another. In free space, all electromagnetic waves (radio, light, X-rays, etc.) obey the inverse- square law which states that the power density of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to the inverse of the square of the distance from a point source
Doubling the distance from a transmitter means that the power density of theradiated wave at that new location is reduced to one-quarter of its previous value. Simplified Description of propagation modes
Types of Communications
Point to point communication: Communication provided by a link, for example, radio-relay link between two stations located at specified fixed points Point-to-point Radiocommunication Link Point to multipoint communication
Communication provided by links, for example, radio- relay links between single station located at specified fixed point and a number of stations located at specified fixed points. Point to Area communication
Communication provided by links between a station located at a specified fixed point and any number of stations located at non-specified points in a given area which is the coverage area of the station located at the fixed point. Propagation Models In SMS4DC
P.370 VHF and UHF propagation curves for the frequency range 30 - 1000 MHz P.452 Prediction procedure for the evaluation of microwave interference between stations on the surface of the Earth at frequencies above about 0.7 GHz
P.525 Calculation of free space attenuation P.526 Propagation by diffraction P.529 Prediction methods for the terrestrial land mobile service in the VHF and UHF bands P.530 Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of terrestrial line-of-sight systems P.618 Propagation data and prediction methods required for the design of Earth-space telecommunication systems P.1546 Method for point-to-area predictions for terrestrial services in the frequency range 30 MHz to 3 000 MHz Available sub-items of propagation models in the menu Radiowave propagation modes
Free‐space waves Unaffected by any consideration other than distance Ionospheric waves Influenced by the action of free electrons in the upper levels of the Earths atmosphere. Tropospheric waves Subject to deflection in the lower levels by variations in the refractive index structure of the air through which they pass. Ground waves Modified by the nature of the terrain over which they travel. Propagation terms used in SMS4DC(1)
Free‐space Propagation of an electromagnetic wave in a homogeneous ideal propagation dielectric medium which may be considered of infinite extent in all directions.
Line of sight Propagation between two points for which the direct ray is sufficiently propagation clear of obstacles for diffraction to be of negligible effect.
Radio horizon The locus of points at which direct rays from a point source of radio waves are tangential to the surface of the Earth.
Troposphere The lower part of the Earth’s atmosphere extending upwards from the Earth’s surface, in which temperature decreases with height except in local layers of temperature inversion. This part of the atmosphere extends to an altitude of about 9 km at the Earth’s poles and 17 km at the equator. Propagation terms used in SMS4DC(1)
Effective Earth‐radius Ratio of the effective radius of the Earth to the actual Earth radius. factor, k For the standard atmosphere, the effective Earth radius is 4/3 that of the actual Earth radius. Effective antenna The effective height of the transmitting antenna is defined as its height height over the average level of the ground between distances of 3 and 15 km from the transmitter in the direction of the receiver. % Time The applicable time percentage values or range of values of the ITU Recommendation; % time is the percentage of time that the predicted signal is exceeded during an average year. % Location The applicable percent location range of the ITU Recommendation; % location is the percentage of locations within, say, a square with 100 to 200 m sides that the predicted signal is exceeded.
Delta h defines the degree of terrain irregularity
Terrain clearance See diagram in next slides angle The Parameter Delta H (Δh) Terrain Clearance Angle Some Useful Concepts for Propagation models
Fading :Fluctuation of signal level with respect to stable condition for number of reasons. Path profile: A vertical cut of terrain along propagation path between transmitter and receiver NFD: Net Filter Discrimination (NFD) expresses the reduction (in dB) of the interference power if the transmitter and receiver frequencies are different Polarization: The Locus of Electric field vector fluctuation Propagation Effects
Diffraction fading due to obstruction of the path; Attenuation due to atmospheric gases; Fading due to atmospheric multipath or beam spreading (commonly referred to as defocusing) associated with abnormal refractive layers; Fading due to multipath arising from surface reflection; Attenuation due to precipitation or solid particles in the atmosphere; Variation of the angle-of-arrival at the receiver terminal and angle- of-launch at the transmitter terminal due to refraction; Reduction in cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) in multipath or precipitation conditions; Signal distortion due to frequency selective fading and delay during multipath propagation.. Attenuation due to sand and dust storms Multipath Fading Cross-polarization discrimination ITU-R P.370
Intended for prediction of field strength for the broadcasting service for the frequency range 30 to 1 000 MHz and for the distance range up to 1 000 km Replaced by P.1546 but still used in some bilateral agreements Input parameters: % Time (range 1 – 50 %): typical 1% for interference contour 50 % for coverage contour % Locations (range 1-99 %): typical coverage contour 99 % interference contour 50 % Δh defines the degree of terrain irregularity; for broadcasting services it is applied in the range 10 km to 50 km from the transmitter. Typical value = 50 m. Contour value: appropriate to service type e.g. VHF land mobile fsmin =12dBμV/m Land/Sea discrimination: if checked will apply correction for % sea/land path
Effective Antenna Height calculation (SMS4DC Tool) Field strength contour using ITU-R P.370
Select P.370 and Field strength Contour from Propagation Models menu
Select station for contour calculation P.370 Input parameters
% Time: (1 – 50 %) % Location: (1 – 99 %) Effective radius of the Earth: (k=4/3) System: Analogue/Digital Environment: see inset
Land/Sea discrimination Receiver height Delta H Contour value Interference Mitigation ‐ Calculations
Training on SMS4DC Vientiane, Lao P.D.R 12 – 14 February 2019
Aamir Riaz International Telecommunication Union – Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific [email protected] Outline
• Interference definition/types • Interference analysis • Interference calculation using SMS4DC Interference definition (ITU)
The effect of unwanted energy due to one or a combination of emissions, radiations, or inductions upon reception in a radiocommunication system, manifested by any performance degradation, misinterpretation, or loss of information which could be extracted in the absence of such unwanted energy. Types of interference
Power sources (50 Hz): due to leakage, arcing neon signs (continual arc) fluorescent light fixtures. Co-channel: same frequency various power levels - strongest signal captures receiver. Adjacent Channel: is interference caused by extraneous power from a signal in an adjacent channel. ACI may be caused by inadequate filtering Intermodulation: unrelated frequency mixes with another signal generating a signal on or close to the receive frequency. Harmonic signals are usually unwanted signals which are exact multiples of the operating frequency. Out of band emissions Out-of-band emission is emission on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessary bandwidth which results from the modulation process. Interference Analysis: Important parameters
Protection ratio, PR The required difference in dB between the level of the wanted signal and the level of the interfering signal to achieve the required quality of reception. Minimum field strength (C/N)(db) It is a minimum field strength level which is necessary to fulfil the signal quality for coverage. Waned field strength (Ew) The required field strength of a wanted signal to achieve the required quality of reception, considering multiple interfering signals and their corresponding protection ratios .Ew>En Nuisance field strength( En) The equivalent required field strength of a wanted signal to achieve the required quality of reception, considering a single interfering signal and its corresponding protection ratio. En= Ei(interference field strength)+ PR Interference by Noise
Wanted field strength Ew Minimum field strength Emin
Noise level Es
C/N
Noise
wanted TX
Criteria for coverage Wanted Field Str. > Minimum Field Str. Ew > Es + C/N Coverage area Emin Interference by one Transmitter
Nuisance field En
Wanted field strength Ew Protection ratio
Interfering field strength Ei
C/N
Noise
Coverage area with noise only Criteria for coverage Wanted Field Str. > Nuisance Field Str. Ew > Ei + PR Coverage area En with one interfering Tx Interference by several Transmitters
Usable field strength Eu Protection ratio Ew
E i E i 2 1
C/N
Noise
Coverage area with noise only Criteria for coverage Wanted Field Str. > Usable Field Str. m Σ n Ew > Ej Coverage area 1=j with several Eu interfering Tx Interference calculation using SMS4DC Sound broadcasting station
BC - BC (FM sound broadcasting stations): Is to calculate aggregated interference level of interferer BC stations on a directional receiver of wanted BC station. By selecting of bc2bc item the list of all FM sound broadcasting station is presented as in figure 1.1 below. After selecting a wanted bc station Dialog box of Interference Parameters is opened to set search conditions for victim BC stations figure 1.2. Spreadsheet of all available FM sound broadcasting stations in database Interference calculation parameters Spreadsheet of found interferer BC stations Result:Coverage area with/without interference of a concerned BC station TV broadcasting station BT2BT: Item to calculate aggregated interference level of interferer BT stations on a receiver of wanted BT station, The procedure of BT to BT interference calculation is same as BC to BC. Spreadsheet of all available FM sound broadcasting stations in database Interference calculation parameters Spreadsheet of found interferer BT stations Result: Coverage area with/without interference of a concerned BT station Coverage area of a concerned TV station in presence of /without interferer stations Usable field strength on receivers of wanted TV broadcasting station inside a selected area Point 2 point Links interference FX2FX (link): Item to calculate interference of stations of different point – to – point hops on each other by consideration antenna radiation patterns and XPD in accordance with ITU-R P.452 recommendation. This item contains two sub-items “Interference to” and “Interference from” enabling user to calculate the caused interference by wanted hop transmitter on receivers of other hops or the caused interference of other hops transmitter on wanted hop receiver, respectively. Choosing one of the sub items under this item opens the spreadsheet of available links, then by selecting one of the wanted link an set the parameters and by finalizing interferer (or victim) link selection. Then the calculation result is displayed including The wanted hop information and interference calculation results. Point 2 point communications
The spreadsheet all available links Set Parameter dialog box and Hops meeting relevant conditions Interference occurrence is highlighted by red text background Fixed stations interference
FX2FX (station): Item to calculate interference of fixed stations on each other in accordance with ITU-R P.452 recommendation. This item contains two sub-items “Interference to” and “Interference from” by choosing one of the sub items under this item opens the spreadsheet of available fixed stations. Then select one of the stations and set the parameters and by finalizing interferer (or victim) link selection. Then the calculation result is displayed including The wanted hop information and interference calculation results List of available fixed stations Set Parameter dialog box and fixed stations meeting relevant conditions Dialog box of interference of wanted fixed TX on victim fixed receiver Interference from fixed station to mobile station and vice versa
The item “FXM” in “Interference” menu implemented for calculation of interference produced/experienced by stations in land mobile service (any frequency) and fixed service (below 1GHz) on each other.FXM consist of the following subitems: • Interference to (Free Space and P.1546) • Interference from (Free Space and P.1546) List of fixed (below 1GHz), and land mobile base stations Set Parameter dialog box for setting searching condition and Spreadsheet list of found fixed, base and mobile stations using free space propagation model Result of interference calculation of wanted TX on victim RXs using free space propagation model P1546 propagation model parameters and result of interference calculation of wanted TX on victim RXs (below 1GHz) Interface to monitoring systems
National telecommunication Corporation (NTC), SMS4DC Workshop, Khartoum, June 2012 37 Spectrum Management Database Interface - SMDI
thalys LS telcom Workflow of measurement request
Spectrum Management Interface Spectrum Monitoring System System 1. Create Measurement Request Measurement 1. Take over Request Request Data packet 2. Send Request 2. Set Devices 3. Measure automatic / interactive 4. Evaluate Results Data packet, data stream 3. Receive Result 5. Create Report (automatic) 4. Evaluate Measurement Result Results (automatic) Workflow of data request Interface Spectrum Management Spectrum Monitoring System System 1. Take over Data Request Request 1. Create Request Data packet (Frequency List, 2. Collect requested Transmitter List License data Data) 3. Create Report
Data packet 4. Send Report Data Report 2. Receive Report (automatic) 3. Evaluate Report (automatic) Argus - SMDI ORM - parameters
42 Results‐(Argus)
43 Result :bearing (Argus)
44
Spectrum Licensing and Assignment
Training on SMS4DC Vientiane, Lao P.D.R 12 – 14 February 2019
Aamir Riaz International Telecommunication Union – Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific [email protected] Spectrum licensing and Assignment
Licensing/Authorization is the process by which users gain access to the spectrum resource. This involve assigning specific frequencies to users, allotting certain frequency bands or sub-bands to specific users . A combination of administrative and technical procedures to ensure the efficient operation of radiocommunications without causing interference assignment (of a radio frequency or radio frequency channel) is Authorization given by an administration for a radio station to use a radio frequency or radio frequency channel under specified conditions Types of licensing
Administrative approaches. First-come, First-served Comparative review Bid processes – Beauty contest Market-based approaches Auctioning Spectrum trading and liberalization unlicensed spectrum. General procedure for the frequency assignment and licensing process Administrative functions of SMS4DC
SMS4DC is powered by a database with a relational structure that starts from the license‐ownership and proceeds to the detailed specification of radiocommunication stations in the Fixed, Land Mobile and Broadcasting (sound and TV) services and also for Earth stations in the space services. Administrative functions of SMS4DC(2)
A tree-view representation method is used that provides the user with tools for the : Administration of licensees‟ information, Establishment, modification and expansion of radiocommunication networks, Issuing and modification of radio licenses, Invoicing of spectrum fees and recording the payment history of users, ITU BR procedures for notification of frequency assignments and allotments, Tracking of licensing work flow, Archiving of licenses, and, Navigation registered frequency assignments to radiocommunication stations and reporting SMS4DC Entities Access to SMS4DC Licensing Process
DEM menu bar: Database Sub‐menu: Licensing Administrative Data entry flow Data entry guidelines
Data entry is enabled by pushing the modify button To enter data into a field: first position the cursor into the required field, press
Anonymous Stations: A folder containing all anonymous stations which have been already created outside the Administrative window of SMS4DC and can be moved to a License folder of an Owner in the folder of Active Licenses. Active Licenses: Folder which holds all active and granted licenses. This folder contains all active Owners with their information in lower hierarchical levels. Creation of new administrative information will be done inside this folder. Archived Licenses: Folder which holds all canceled granted licenses. The level of Owner/Allotment User View of Data ( except earth stations) User View of Data ( Allotments) SMS4DC Definition of User‐ID and Password
The nature of spectrum management job implies to grant different users permissions with different access levels to the SMS4DC features and database. Accordingly, following access levels to the SMS4DC software implemented: Data entry (Licensing and Billing): Privileged to read/write licensing and billing databases, Engineers: Privileged to read/write technical database, Senior operator: Privileged to modify reference tables. Supervisor: Privileged to read/write all database, as well as to manage user IDs and passwords, reference tables and to configure and enjoy any features of software, SMS4DC Definition of User‐ID and Password(2)
Licensing: Privileged to read/write database of reference information (such as equipment specification, antenna pattern, frequency plans and etc.) and to only read other databases, Read-only: Privileged to use software without permission to edit any database, Only system supervisor, as administrator, is allowed to define and cancel User-ID and Password for other users through “Database–>Users” item. Supervisor has option to create a new account or modify an existing account by selecting one of the “New” or “Modify” radio buttons respectively SMS4DC Definition of User‐ID and Password(3) SMS4DC Security SMS4DC Security
Audit trail The level of Owner/Allotment(2)
New Owner: This item enables the user to enter the owners personal and contact information in the table of Owner Information. Modify Owner: This item modifies the content of the Owner Information Delete Owner: This item deletes the Owner information and all other attached information in the lower levels of tree view if has no license granted New License: This item creates a new license platform and attaches it to the corresponding owner. New Allotment: This item enables user to enter digital broadcasting frequency allotment information. Delete Selection: In the tree view, there is a check box beside each tree item The level of Owner/Allotment(3) The level of License The level of License
The level of license comes between the owner level and the station level Each license may consist of several stations in same radiocommunication service The station service type has to be determined at the license level Context menu in the level of License: Modify: This item modifies the content of the License Information table if has not been granted already Delete: This item deletes the License information and all other attached information in the lower levels of tree view, if has not been granted already. Granted licenses cannot be deleted. Copy to Archive: This item saves a duplicate copy of the selected License in the archive The level of License(2)
Cancel License: This item cancels a granted license from the Owner information Add XXXX Station: This item adds a station in the XXXX radiocommunication service to the selected License,. This item is included is included according to the parent license type. Move Anonymous Station: This item moves a station from the folder of “Anonymous Stations” to the active license. Move Anonymous Allotment: This item moves an allotment from the folder of “Anonymous Stations” to the active license. Print License: This item generates and displays a printable radio license in HTML format, using a customizable template. Print Summary: This item generates and displays an indented text file containing all the information under the corresponding license. Fixed/Base Station Information entry table Mobile Station Information entry table Broadcasting Station Information entry table The level of Station
Different tables of equipments have been developed for different classes of stations: Modify: This item modifies the content of the Station Information table if has not been included previously in any granted license Delete: this item deletes the station information and all other attached information in the lower levels of tree view, if has not been included in any granted license Electronic Notice: This item generates, stores and displays an electronic notice to notify the ITU BR of the assigned frequency(s) or administrative modification(s) New Equipment: This item defines new equipment or loads it from the equipment catalogue library to the current station level of Billing History
The level of billing history placed below the level of license and no lower level connected . SMS4DC provides the user with a procedure for regular frequency-fee payment management . Each license has an individual billing history which is being created by SMS4DC in the time creation relevant license. by a mouse click or other action, displays a list of issued invoices and registered payments for the corresponding license in the right panel of Administrative window. A print button at the top of the table has been implemented to print the selected invoice or receipt of payment in HTML format. Billing Information table and payment registration in Billing History Context menu in the level of Billing History
First Invoice: This item issues the first invoice which owner has to pay including the initial fee (determined in the entry table of License Information) for obtaining a radio license.
New Payment: This item registers the payment and considers it in the Billing History of owner of the active license. The level of Equipment
The level of equipment is placed between the terrestrial station level and the Frequency and Antenna level
Each equipment may have several frequencies and antennas Context menu in the level of Equipment
Modify: This item modifies the content of the Equipment Information table if it has not been already included in any granted license. Delete: This item deletes the equipment information and all other attached information in the lower levels of tree view, if has not been included in any granted license New Antenna: This item defines a new antenna or loads it from the antenna catalogue library to the current equipment. New Frequency: This item defines a new frequency Frequency Information entry table Table of Antenna Information The level of Frequency
The level of Frequency is placed between the equipment level and the Receiver level . The “Add Receiver” button above the Frequency Information entry table enables the user to attach additional receivers to the concerned transmitting frequency . Context menu in the level of Frequency
Modify: This item modifies the content of the Frequency Information table, if has not been included previously in any granted license Delete: This item deletes the frequency information and all other attached information in the lower level of the tree view, if has not been included in any granted license TX Filter: This item displays or defines a transmitting emission mask for the concerned transmitting frequency RX Filter: This item displays or defines a receiving emission mask for the concerned receiving frequency. Coordination: This item displays or defines the list of country/administration codes which are under process of coordination, together with the results of the coordination. Dialogue box for definition of transmitting frequency emission mask The level of Antenna
The level of Antenna is placed below the level of equipment and The “Library” push button above the Antenna Information entry table enables user to use the library to attach an antenna to the corresponding equipment there are no lower levels Context menu in the level of Antenna
Modify: This item modifies the content of the Antenna Information table if has not been included previously in any granted license Delete: This item deletes the antenna information, if has not been included in any granted license Antenna Pattern: This item displays antenna 2D radiation patterns in vertical and horizontal planes for horizontally or vertically polarized antennas and two horizontal planes for mixed-polarized antennas. The 2D radiation pattern of a directional antenna Frequency assignment
SMS4DC is powered by an advanced method of frequency assignment based on interference calculations to/from any other stations (in these services) in a given frequency band inside a circular search area This procedure is implemented in the item “Frequency Allocations- >Frequency Assignment” The procedure starts by selecting from a list of stations the national station for which a transmitting frequency assignment has been requested. after comprehensive interference analysis, SMS4DC will suggest a suitable frequencies for assignment Frequency assignment procedure Frequency assignment procedure(2)
Since the number of national stations stored in the local database may become thousands, SMS4DC makes it easier to find the concerned station by applying a frequency condition (filter). This filter shortens the list to show only those stations within a limited frequency range specified to include the concerned station. Frequency assignment procedure(3)
• Therefore, whenever this item is selected, a dialogue box is opened for the user to define the frequency range in which an assignment is required and thereby limit the number of stations listed in the station selection spreadsheet. • Selection of a station can be made by a left click on the record-select column of the concerned row Frequency assignment procedure(4) Frequency assignment procedure(5)
• The assignment algorithm searches for suitable channels to assign within any channel plan arrangement in the range between Fmin and Fmax. • Then, all existing stations within the “Channel Scan Range” of each channel in that plan and within the search radius specified are examined for potential interference. Frequency assignment procedure
• Once the assignment parameters have been set, all frequencies available within those parameters are examined for potential interference and the results are displayed in the result dialogue box. Frequency assignment procedure
• Choosing any row with yellow highlight from the list of frequencies by a mouse double left-click, initiates detailed interference calculations, Frequency assignment procedure
• After considering the results, a suitable frequency for assignment may be selected by a double right mouse click on the “No.” (channel number) column and the row for the frequency to be selected. • Once the “Assign” push button is used, the selected transmitting frequency in the list and its corresponding receiving frequency will be assigned to the concerned station
Earth station Coordination
Training on SMS4DC Vientiane, Lao P.D.R 12 – 14 February 2019
Aamir Riaz International Telecommunication Union – Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific [email protected] Module Outlines
Technical & Regulatory Principles.
Earth Station Coordination Contours.
Interference Analysis. Technical Principles Satellite System Elements Introduction to satellite Satellite Launching Phase
Space Segment
• Satellite Launching • Transfer Orbit Phase • Deployment • Operation • Retirement Phase Launch Introduction to satellite Orbits Earth Station Design Considerations
• Type of service (FSS, MSS, etc.) • Type of communication (data, voice, TV,etc.) • Baseband S/N ratio requirements • Traffic requirements (number of users, etc.) • Traffic type (continuous or burst) • Cost Regulation Principles • Space Services Department (SSD) • Terrestrial Services Department (TSD) • Study Group Department (SGD) • Informatics, Administration and Publications Department (IAP) SPACE SERVICES (www.itu.int/ITU-R/space/)
• Ccoordination and recording procedures for space systems and earth stations: • capture, processing and publication of data, • examination of frequency assignment notices submitted by administrations for inclusion in the formal coordination procedures or recording in the Master International Frequency Register (MIFR). • Procedures for space related assignment or allotment plans • Aassistance to administrations on all of the above issues COORDINATION OF SATELLITE NETWORKS
PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES → Laws of Physics Radio waves do not stop at national borders !
INTERFERENCE → possible between radio stations of different countries This risk is high in Space Radiocommunion
RADIO REGULATIONS → One of its main purposes Interference-free operation of Radiocommunication
2 INTERFERENCE
RECEIVING TRANSMITTING EARTH STATION EARTH STATION TERRESTRIAL STATION
3 PROVISIONS RELATED TO COORDINATION OF EARTH STATIONS Regulatory Requirements Radio Regulations, ARTICLE 11
Notification and recording of frequency assignments
• Any frequency assignment .... shall be notified to the Bureau: • if the use of that assignment is capable of causing harmful interference to any service of another administration; or • if that assignment is to be used for international radiocommunication; or • if that assignment is subject to a world or regional frequency allotment or assignment plan which does not have its own notification procedure; or • if that assignment is subject to the coordination procedure of Article 9 or is involved in such a case; or • if it is desired to obtain international recognition for that assignment; or • if it is a non-conforming assignment under No. 8.4 and if the administration wishes to have it recorded for information. Regulatory Requirement Radio Regulations, ARTICLE 9
Procedure for effecting coordination with or obtaining agreement of other administrations
Article 9 contains ‐ lists of cases, in which coordination is mandatory, ‐ the advance publication and coordination procedures, ‐ the due dates for the different kind of information or actions.
Article 9 describes the processes of ‐ advance publication ‐ coordination ‐ notification Regulatory Requirement Radio Regulations, ARTICLE 9
Coordination is mandatory ("subject to coordination"): 3‐stage process for all satellites on geostationary orbit and for NGSOs in cases, when the requirement to coordinate is included in a footnote ‐ fairly simple advance publication information ‐ extensive coordination request ‐ request for notification after successful coordination
Coordination is not mandatory ("not subject to coordination"): 2‐stage process for most satellites in non‐geostationary orbit ‐ extensive advance publication information ‐ request for notification Regulatory Requirement Radio Regulations, ARTICLE 9
Earth observation or space research satellites are "not subject to coordination" (unless they are in GSO, e.g. relay satellites) such satellites will be notified and entered into the master register without completing a formal coordination procedure Planned and Non-planned Services
PLANNED SERVICES (in some bands) Broadcasting satellite service(Appendix 30/30A)
Fixed-satellite service (Appendix 30B)
NON-PLANNED SERVICES Coordination and Notification procedure Coordination Stages Central part of a 3-stage process
Submit, Publish = Inform ADVANCE PUBLICATION OF INFORMATION
1-2 years
Request, Examine, Establish Findings & COORDINATION Coordination Requirements, Publish
Coordinate 3-6 years
Notify, Examine, Check Coordination RECORDING Agreements, Record IN MIFR PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO NON-PLANNED SATELLITE NETWORKS • ARTICLE 9 Procedure for Effecting Coordination with or Obtaining Agreement of other Administrations NON-PLANNED SATELLITE NETWORK
“SIMPLIFIED COORDINATION PROCEDURE”
Article 9 contains (almost) all cases (forms) of coordination for GSO and Non-GSO satellite networks, earth and terrestrial stations PLANNED SATELLITE NETWORK
Radio Regulations, Appendicees 30, 30 A, and 30 B
ITU has two coordination approaches: ‐ first come ‐ first served ‐ planned bands
some frequency bands in the FSS, BSS and associated feeder links are treated as "planned bands" and procedures different from Article 9 apply REGULATORY PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO NON-PLANNED SPACE SERVICES Import Space Radio-communication Station (SRS) Database into SMS4DC
SMS4DC.EXE.lnk Import (SRS) Database into SMS4DC
Step1: choose (Import from SRS) opting from Database menu Import (SRS) Database into SMS4DC
Import from SRS: This item imports information of Earth stations which belong to one or more administrations, into the SMS4DC database. The information source must be an “mdb” file having a data format identical with the BR SRS database format (including space BR IFIC and electronic notices).
As displayed in the next slide, choosing this item opens the “SRS import” dialogue box and provides a mask to specify the source database (with mdb extension) and one or more administrations whose Earth station information is to be imported. The browse button enables the user to find the correct “mdb” file location.
After choosing the administration(s) of interest and pushing the “Import” button, SMS4DC displays a Yes/No dialogue screen and the number Earth station records available for import (according to the administrations selected). This screen enables the user to continue or abandon the data import. A progress bar is included at the bottomofthe main import screen. Import (SRS) Database into SMS4DC
Step2: select the MDB source and the administration Import (SRS) Database into SMS4DC
Step3: choose (Display selected Stations) option from Database menu Import (SRS) Database into SMS4DC
Step4: select any number of selected earth stations to be Shown 23/05/1440 33 How to Create a new earth Station with SMS4DC
SMS4DC.EXE.lnk Creation of Earth Station
Steps to Create a new earth Station with SMS4DC in Brief
First: Create an Earth Station with general Information (Station Information). Second: Create the Uplink or Downlink beams for the Earth Station (Antenna Information). Third: Establish the frequencies for each beam (Downlink or Uplink)(frequencies Information). Add new Earth Station
1: Create Earth Station by pressing and moving earth station symbol button a and place “Earth Stations icon in DEM map. Earth Station General Parameters 2: Set the general parameters of new earth station Earth Station Information (1/2) 3 : Go to Database>> license and find your station under anonymous station to set additional parameters Earth Station Information (2/2) Add Beam (UP)
4. Right Click on your Earth Station Name and then Press Add Beam in order to establish new Uplink beam Earth Station antenna information 4. Right Click on your Earth Station Name and then Press Add Beam in order to establish new Uplink beam Earth Station antenna information 4. Right Click on your Earth Station Name and then Press Add Beam in order to establish new Downlink beam Antenna Pattern (1/2)
4. Right Click on your Earth Station Name and then Press Add Beam in order to establish new Uplink beam By using the “Library” push button, a library of Earth station antenna patterns is opened and the user may select an existing antenna or define a new pattern, using the push button “New Pattern”. A new antenna pattern will be characterized by a set of new coefficients and, after definition, will be added to the library for selection.
Entry mask of coefficients for a new antenna pattern
Library of antenna patterns of earth station Antenna Pattern (2/2)
In case of having no reference coefficients for earth station antenna pattern, the antenna gain values for different offset angles with respect to the antennamain beam direction may be entered directly into the SMS4DC database
The earth station antenna pattern definition entry table 5. Under your Earth Station Name “UAE EARTH STATION NO 1” >> beam: beam 1 Press right click to establish a group of frequencies for the new Uplink. Description of fields in the entry table of Group Information
5. Under your Earth Station Name “UAE EARTH STATION NO 1” >> beam: beam 1 Press right click to establish a group of frequencies for the new Uplink. Description of fields in the entry table of Emission Information
6: Set the emissions for the established group (UL) Description of fields in the entry table of Emission Information
Emissions: This item provides a list of emissions in the downlink and uplink directions. Selecting this item opens an entry table to define a multiple emission specification. At the top of table there are three push buttons to add new emissions, to delete registered emissions in the table and to save entered emissions into the database. Designation of Emission Emissions shall be designated according to their necessary bandwidth and their classification in accordance with the method described (please refer to appendix 1 of the RR)
Emissions shall be classified and symbolized Necessary bandwidths1: Two optional characteristics between 0.001 and 999 Hz shall be expressed in Hz according to their basic characteristics as given in Sub‐Section IIA and any optional should be added for a more (letter H); additional characteristics as provided for in complete description of an between 1.00 and 999 kHz shall be expressed in kHz emission. These are: Sub‐Section IIB. Fourth symbol –Details of (letter K); § 5 The basic characteristics (see Sub‐Section signal(s) between 1.00 and 999 MHz shall be expressed in MHz IIA) are: (letter M); Fifth symbol –Nature of 1) first symbol – type of modulation of the multiplexing between 1.00 and 999 GHz shall be expressed in GHz main carrier; (letter G). 2) second symbol – nature of signal(s) 3) For the full designation of an emission, the modulating the main carrier; necessary bandwidth, indicated in 3) third symbol – type of information to be four characters, shall be added just before the transmitted. classification symbols
600K fxx
Frequency Cases not Cases not modulation otherwise otherwise covered (not covered (not defined ) defined ) 7. Right Click on your Earth Station Name “UAE EARTH STATION NO 1” and then Press Add Beam in order to establish new Downlink beam as follows 9. Under your Earth Station Name “SUDAN EARTH STATION NO 1” >> beam: beam 1 Press right click to establish a group of frequencies for the new Downlink 10. Set the emissions for the established group (Downlink). 11: Set the class of station and nature of service and frequencies for the established group This item sets class of stations and nature of servicesClass of Station (1/2) applicable to the group of beams. Selecting this item opens an entry table to define class of stations and nature of services using the relevant combo box. Class of Station (2/2) Nature of Service This item sets class of stations and nature of services applicable to the group of beams. Selecting this item opens an entry table to define class of stations and nature of services using the relevant combo box. 12. Right Click on your Earth Station Name “UAE EARTH Class of Station STATION NO 1” and then Press notice in order to create notice Earth Station Coordination Contours COORDINATION OF EARTH STATIONS WITH RESPECT TO TERRESTRIAL STATIONS AS WELL AS (other) EARTH STATIONS When ? • Frequency bands allocated with equal rights to space and terrestrial services or earth stations operating in the Opposite Direction of Transmission (ODT) • The coordination area includes the territory of another country COORDINATION Area and Coordination Contours OF EARTH STATIONS
Appendix 7 of the Radio Regulations (RR) contains the method for the determination of the coordination area around a transmitting or receiving earth station that is sharing spectrum in frequency bands between 100 MHz and 105 GHz with terrestrial radiocommunication services or with earth stations operating in the opposite direction of transmission. Appendix 7 is based on ITU-R SM.1448 recommendation How to determine the coordination area around an earth station (1)
The coordination area is determined on the basis of :
1. known characteristics for the coordinating earth station . 2. Conservative assumptions for the propagation path. 3. Conservative assumptions for the system parameters for the unknown terrestrial stations, or the unknown receiving earth. How to determine the coordination area around an earth station (2)
Calculations are performed separately for great circle propagation mechanisms(propagation mode (1)) and, if required by the sharing scenario for scattering from hydrometeors(propagation mode (2)). The coordination contour is then determined using the greater of the two distances predicted by the propagation mode (1) and propagation mode (2) calculations for each azimuth around the coordinating earth station. Coordination Contours around an earth station using SMS4DC
SMS4DC.EXE.lnk Step one
From Window bar >> Launch IDWM Map1 by selecting IDWM Map1 Step Two (1/4) From option bar select >> RR appendix 7 >> Earth Station in order to choose the transmitting earth station. Step Two (2/4)
From option bar select >> RR appendix 7 >> Earth Station in order to choose the transmitting earth station. Step Two (3/4) Step Two (4/4) optionally: you may want to view the input file which contains the selected earth station parameters needed to determine the coordination contour From option menu select >> RR appendix 7 >> Step Three (1/2) Draw Contour Step Three (1/2)
From option menu select >> RR appendix 7 >> Draw Contour Step Four (1/3) optionally you may need to change the contours styles for clarification Step Four (2/3) optionally you may need to change the contours styles for clarification Step Four (3/3) optionally you may need to change the contours styles for clarification optionally: you may want to view the Output file (RESULT.LST) to show details of calculation result optionally: you may want to view the Output file (UPD.DAT)Step Six to show contour data Step Seven
Optionally: you may want to draw these contours on DEM Map Earth Stations
Inference Calculation using SMS4DC
SMS4DC.EXE.lnk Types of Interference Calculation
Interference from selected transmitting earth station to receiving Fixed terrestrial Stations above 1 GHz.
Interference to selected receiving earth station from transmitting Fixed terrestrial Stations above 1 GHz.
Interference from selected transmitting earth stations to receiving earth stations References
Main References
2. ITU Training on Space Services (Bangkok, 24‐27 April 2012).
3. ITU SMS4DC Training ( Jordan 2006).
4. SMS4DC V3 manual.
5‐ ITU‐R, Radio Regulation BOOK
Border RF coordination using SMS4DC
Training on SMS4DC Vientiane, Lao P.D.R 12 – 14 February 2019
Aamir Riaz International Telecommunication Union – Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific [email protected] Agreements
The item “Agreement” in Coordination menu is the entry of user-defined agreements which would be utilized for border coordination Each agreement consists of two parts; header and technical characteristics. Header part is: o Name of agreement o Member countries o incorporated radio communication services o Agreement catogery o Propagation models used in the agreements Technical part: o Frequency bands o preferential countries in any frequency band o Cross Border Range(CBR), x-km or coordination distance. o effective radiated power and permissible interference field strength(PIFS) The term “border coordination” denotes to the field strength calculation beyond a distance from the country border. CBR and X-km Definitions
Cross Border Range(CBR): Locus of points with identical distance to the border along the line to the transmitter X-km: Locus of points with identical distance to the nearest point of border.
x km CBR
x km CBR CBR and X-km in SMS4DC
Border Xkm Line
Cross Border Range (CBR) Frequency coordination types(1)
Frequencies requiring co-ordination Frequencies which Administrations are required to co-ordinate with the other Administrations affected before a station is put into service. • Model 1 (Type A) Land Mobile service & Fixed service below 1 GHz Coordination of selected station is required if field strength on border of concerned administrations exceeds permissible interference level. Also field strength on CBR shall not exceed permissible interference level. • Model 1 (Type B) Fixed service above 1 GHz Coordination of selected station is required if distance of the station to border is less than coordination distance Frequency coordination types(2)
Preferential Frequencies Frequencies which the Administrations concerned may assign, without prior co-ordination, on the basis of bi- or multilateral agreements • Model 2 Land Mobile service and fixed service below 1 GHz Prior co-ordination is not required if field strength of selected station on X-km is less than permissible interference level P.1546 Border &(CBR) (Type A) Land Mobile Free Space Border &(CBR) (Type A)
Model 1 P.1546 Border &(CBR) (Type A) Frequency < 1GHz Fixed Free Space Border &(CBR) (Type A) Frequency ≥ 1GHz Coordination Distance (Type B)
P.1546 Xkm Line Calculation Land Mobile Free Space Xkm Line Calculation Model 2
P.1546 Xkm Line Calculation Fixed Frequency < 1GHz Free Space Xkm Line Calculation Definition of preferential country is applicable in Model2 only Entering an Agreement
• The item “Coordination ->Agreement” in DEM view • PIFS: Permissible Interference Field Strength
Category of agreement
Browsing, addition and deleting toolbar ERP of Frequency band reference definition transmitter
12 Members List
10 Check if a station is subject to an/some existing Agreement Based on existing found Agreement, Eb/ Ec /Ex is calculated and by comparing with defined Permissible Interference Level , it will be determined that coordination with which countries are required Border coordination result for Model1 type1 Border coordination result for Model1 type2