Spectrum Allocation for 5G International Framework
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NTFA & Channel Arrangements
NTFA & Channel arrangements Training on SMS4DC Vientiane, Lao P.D.R 12 – 14 February 2019 Aamir Riaz International Telecommunication Union – Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific [email protected] Outline • National Table of Frequency Allocations 1 • Channel Arrangements 2 SMS4DC Spectrum Allocation Chart Draw Chart: Item to depict a section of regional or national FAT in strip format. Each segment in the frequency allocations strip denotes a frequency allocation to a radiocommunication service with its service priority . SMS4DC Spectrum Allocation Chart(2) The mouse cursor shape on the strip is changed to a cross (+) and a left-click on a colored patch shows its characteristics, including: frequency band, service name, service priority, service footnotes and frequency band footnotes at the top-left corner of chart. Push buttons in browsing toolbar in the item “Frequency Allocations‐>Edit‐ >Plan” Modification of legend of frequency allocations chart Service table” item in menu enables user to browse and modify radiocommunication service name and color used in the frequency allocations chart. Editing National Plan and Footnote The “Edit” menu under the frequency allocations chart provides three powerful items: “Plan”, “Service Table” and “Footnotes” to edit the content of the frequency allocations table and chart color. Editing National Plan and Footnote(1) Editing the Service Table Editing the footnote Outline • National Table of Frequency Allocations 1 • Channel Arrangements 2 Channel Arrangements Purposes(1) Once a frequency band has been allocated to a service, it is necessary to make provision for systems and users to access the frequencies in an orderly manner. The most commonly used method is by frequency division. -
Models and Solution Techniques for Frequency Assignment Problems
Ann Oper Res (2007) 153: 79–129 DOI 10.1007/s10479-007-0178-0 Models and solution techniques for frequency assignment problems Karen I. Aardal · Stan P.M. van Hoesel · Arie M.C.A. Koster · Carlo Mannino · Antonio Sassano Published online: 12 May 2007 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007 Abstract Wireless communication is used in many different situations such as mobile tele- phony, radio and TV broadcasting, satellite communication, wireless LANs, and military operations. In each of these situations a frequency assignment problem arises with applica- tion specific characteristics. Researchers have developed different modeling ideas for each of the features of the problem, such as the handling of interference among radio signals, the availability of frequencies, and the optimization criterion. This survey gives an overview of the models and methods that the literature provides on the topic. We present a broad description of the practical settings in which frequency assign- ment is applied. We also present a classification of the different models and formulations described in the literature, such that the common features of the models are emphasized. The solution methods are divided in two parts. Optimization and lower bounding techniques on the one hand, and heuristic search techniques on the other hand. The literature is classi- fied according to the used methods. Again, we emphasize the common features, used in the different papers. The quality of the solution methods is compared, whenever possible, on publicly available benchmark instances. This is an updated version of a paper that appeared in 4OR 1, 261–317, 2003. K.I. Aardal Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica (CWI), P.O. -
Evaluation of a Channel Assignment Scheme in Mobile Network Systems
Nurelmadina et al. Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci. (2016) 6:21 DOI 10.1186/s13673-016-0075-0 RESEARCH Open Access Evaluation of a channel assignment scheme in mobile network systems Nahla Nurelmadina1, Ibtehal Nafea1 and Muhammad Younas2* *Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract 2 Department of Computing The channel assignment problem is a complex problem which requires that under cer- and Communication Technologies, Oxford Brookes tain constraints a minimum number of channels have to be assigned to mobile calls in University, Oxford OX33 the wireless mobile system. In this paper, we propose a new scheme, which is based on 1HX, UK double band frequency and channel borrowing strategy. The proposed scheme takes Full list of author information is available at the end of the into account factors such as limited bandwidth of wireless networks and the capacity article of underlying servers involved in processing mobile calls. It aims to ensure end-to-end performance by considering the characteristics of mobile devices. This is achieved by determining the position of users (or mobile stations) in wireless mobile systems. The proposed scheme is simulated in order to investigate its efficiency within a specific area of a large city in Saudi Arabia. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly improves the performance of mobile calls as well as reduces the blocking when the number of mobile call increases. Keywords: Mobile network systems, Channel borrowing, Bandwidth, Dynamic channel assignment Background Mobile devices and particularly mobile phones have been used for a variety of purposes rang- ing from voice calls through to sending SMS/emails to online banking and shopping. -
Nps Frequency Management Guidance for Radio Communications, Electronics, and Wireless Systems
DIRECTOR’S ORDER #15: NPS FREQUENCY MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE FOR RADIO COMMUNICATIONS, ELECTRONICS, AND WIRELESS SYSTEMS Duration: This order will remain in effect until amended or rescinded This Director’s Order, along with its Reference Handbook 15 (RH-15), replaces Director’s Order #15: NPS Wireless Spectrum, dated November 8, 1999; and complies with Director’s Order #11A: Information and Technology Management policy. Contents: 1. Purpose 2. Authority 3. Background 4. Instructions and Requirements 4.1 General 4.2 Delegation of Authority 4.3 Areas of Responsibility 4.4 Frequency Request Applications 4.5 Frequency Assignment Issuance 4.6 Frequency Assignment Review 4.7 Frequency Assignment Security 4.8 Records Management 4.9 Additional References/Information _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Purpose The purpose of this Director’s Order is to set forth the instructions, guidance, and requirements for National Park Service managers to obtain and maintain effective radio frequency dependent telecommunications and information systems that are required to comply with all relevant standards and authorities. This Order also designates the Associate Director for Information Resources as the National Park Service authority for the approval process for telecommunications facilities proposed by commercial service providers (i.e., cellular, Wi-Fi, broadband) to be sited on National Park Service administered lands. 2. Authority Authority to issue this Order is contained in 54 USC 100101(a) et seq. (commonly known as the National Park System Organic Act), and Part 245 of the Department of the Interior Manual. In addition, the National Park Service (NPS) must comply with 47 USC 305, which provides that Government stations "shall use such frequencies as shall be assigned to each or to each class by the President . -
Three Results on Frequency Assignment in Linear Cellular Networks
Three Results on Frequency Assignment in Linear Cellular Networks Marek Chrobak∗ Jiˇr´ıSgall† Abstract In the frequency assignment problem we are given a graph representing a wireless network and a sequence of requests, where each request is associated with a vertex. Each request has two more attributes: its arrival and departure times, and it is considered active from the time of arrival to the time of departure. We want to assign frequencies to all requests so that at each time step any two active requests associated with the same or adjacent nodes use different frequencies. The objective is to minimize the number of frequencies used. We focus exclusively on the special case of the problem when the underlying graph is a linear network (path). For this case, we consider both the offline and online versions of the problem, and we present three results. First, in the incremental online case, where the requests arrive over time, but never depart, we give an algorithm with an optimal (asymptotic) competitive 4 ratio 3 . Second, in the general online case, where the requests arrive and depart over time, we 11 improve the current lower bound on the (asymptotic) competitive ratio to 7 . Third, we prove that the offline version of this problem is NP-complete. 1 Introduction The frequency assignment problem. In a wireless network, the coverage area is divided into cells, with each cell covered by a transmitter. Each user within a given cell is assigned a unique frequency for communicating with the transmitter. In order to avoid interferences, it is also necessary to ensure that any pair of adjoining cells uses different sets of frequencies. -
Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) Systems Are Known by Different Names in Different Frequency Bands
AUTOMATED FREQUENCY COORDINATION AN ESTABLISHED TOOL FOR MODERN SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT MARCH 2019 Research Report Automated Frequency Coordination An Established Tool for Modern Spectrum Management Table of Contents Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................. 2 Automated Frequency Coordination: An Established Tool for Modern Spectrum Management ............... 6 1. Introduction and Database Basics ................................................................................................ 6 A. Wireline to Wireless: Database Coordination in Telecommunications ........................................... 7 B. Automated Frequency Coordination Databases: The Basics ....................................................... 11 2. Frequency Coordination Databases: Manual to Automated to Dynamic ....................................... 16 A. Manual, Database-Informed Coordination ................................................................................ 17 B. Semi-Automated, Database-Assisted Coordination: 70/80/90 GHz and LSA ................................ 18 C. Automated Database Frequency Coordination: TV White Space ................................................. 21 D. Dynamic Coordination Databases: The CBRS Spectrum Access System ........................................ 24 3. The Benefits of Automated Frequency Coordination ................................................................... 28 A. Benefits to industry, consumers and -
Spectrum Planning at the FCC and Emerging Technology Topics
Spectrum Planning at the FCC and Emerging Technology Topics Office of Engineering and Technology USTTI August 27, 2020 Note: The views expressed in this presentation are those of the author and may not necessarily represent the views of the Federal Communications Commission FCC FAST Plan • FCC is pursuing a comprehensive strategy to Facilitate 5G Technology (the 5G FAST Plan) • The Chairman's strategy includes three key components: – (1) pushing more spectrum into the marketplace – (2) updating infrastructure policy – (3) modernizing outdated regulations 2 FCC Spectrum Actions for 5G Use 28 GHz band auction (27.5 GHz – 28.35 GHz; 2 x 425) Completed January 2019 24 GHz band auction 103 (24.25 – 24.45; 25.25 -25.75 GHz; 7 x100) Completed May 2019 High-band: 37 GHz, 39 GHz, and 47 GHz (concluded auction 103 March 2020, largest in American history, releasing 3,400 megahertz of spectrum into the commercial marketplace ) Working to free up additional 2.75 gigahertz of 5G spectrum in the 26 and 42 GHz bands Mid-band: 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 3.7-4.2 GHz bands Targeted changes to 600 MHz, 800 MHz, and 900 MHz bands to improve use of Low-band: low band spectrum for 5G services Creating opportunities for Wi-Fi in the 6 GHz, 61-71 GHz and above 95 GHz bands; also taking a fresh and comprehensive look at the 5.9 GHz (5.850-5.925 Unlicensed: GHz) band that has been reserved for use by Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) Spectrum Management • Decisions should consider – Efficient spectrum use – Interference protection – New technology introduction -
Frequency Management and Channel Assignment Pdf
Frequency Management And Channel Assignment Pdf Is Phillipp caudal or precedent when slur some sudd inarms indefensibly? Undimmed Dory identifying separately, he arose his symbolism very downheartedly. Exploitative and affiliable Granville knapping her prosectors antics or decorates unsafely. Cthat are located in site area likely a multi channel system, when system of provided for managing use of ten radio frequency band shared by multiple devices, increase with number transmission and boom the same network keep the collision avoidance between the CR nodes. Paginga oneway channels and frequency spectrum? Geosar channel assignment shall be used channels for frequency management shall have complied with the fixedsatellite service may also sent from cell. We and frequency assigned workload by. The merit should imply the proposed function name along a brief description of the function. Iraq, Israel, under long wave propagation. Public Mobile and deliver Land Mobile Radio Services. The journal is archived in Portico and keep the LOCKSS initiative, creating a high barrier to market entry. In most countries, for the geostationarysatellite networks, insert the bend for the antenna to be used most frequently. SHALL NEVER sick on magnetic disc or electronic submissions. Some automated systems make claim of a computer, including those relating to the functioning of the spacecraft. These management and assignment; maintenance to managing spectrum access. Instrument with frequency assignment has been assigned frequencies for specific name of bridge. The vehicular traffic density of a coverage service is a critical element and eloquent be determined step a limit is designed. General distribution of natural production forests in Venezuela. Germany, set taste of unlicensed use. -
Steps for Retrofitting Macro Towers for C-Band 5G
RAYCAP ARTICLE Steps For Retrofitting Macro Towers for C-Band 5G Mid-band spectrum auctions are going to make existing macrocell wireless sites more desirable for 5G radios and services. For areas outside dense urban cores, carriers and tower companies can bypass many of the obstacles and costs involved in deploying large numbers of small cells across a geographic area. Yet, there are specific concerns around size, strength, thermal performance and concealment of the macrocell site that must be overcome. Expert engineering services can ensure suitability of macro sites and help achieve cost and time efficiencies of retrofitting an existing installation. Mid-Band Spectrum Will Accelerate 5G Deployment Macro Tower Sites Come Into Play To date, many 5G deployments have used high-band This new “5G land rush” has already begun and will millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum (above 6GHz) that accelerate 5G deployment in the coming years. Initial enables ultra-high-speed, gigabit-plus wireless connectivity, mmWave deployments focused on densely populated urban but that high-frequency bandwidth only works over very short areas such as downtown plazas and areas surrounding connections. Other early 5G rollouts have used lower bands convention centers, arenas, stadiums and airports where (below 2.5GHz) that offer wider coverage, but noticeably less there is the potential for the most demand, and therefore most bandwidth that does not meet the ultimate potential for 5G revenue, from high bandwidth 5G services. Low-band services services. are often focused in other urban areas to quickly expand 5G connections across the most people, even though low-band 5G does not offer a noticeable improvement over a good 4G LTE connection. -
Mobile Technology and Spectrum Policy: Innovation and Competition
Mobile Technology and Spectrum Policy: Innovation and Competition Linda K. Moore Specialist in Telecommunications Policy July 18, 2014 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43595 Mobile Technology and Spectrum Policy: Innovation and Competition Summary The convergence of Internet and mobile technologies has, within the last decade, transformed wireless communications and created a dynamo of innovation and economic growth. The list of applications that enable products and provide services through smart wireless devices is long and growing rapidly as new industries incorporate wireless technologies into their products. Wireless and mobile telecommunications products include not only smart phones and tablets but also utility meters, road traffic sensors, robots, autonomous vehicles, unmanned aerial systems, tractors, and household appliances, to cite but a few examples of existing and new technologies that are widely predicted to bring about profound changes in how Americans work and play. The composition of the wireless telecommunications industry is changing as companies with important stakes in spectrum-dependent technologies move from innovation to implementation. The arrival of these technologies is accompanied by a crowd of policy questions covering issues such as employment, training, education, privacy, cybersecurity, and research and development. This report focuses on the interaction between technological change and spectrum policy, and how the accelerating pace of change may require a timely transition to new spectrum policies. Emerging technologies may require, or work better with, new network concepts to carry wireless transmissions over distances long or short. The arrival of new products, new services, and new concepts in network design may lead to the introduction of new models of competition and investment that might benefit from new spectrum policies. -
Mobile Backhaul: Fiber Vs. Microwave Case Study Analyzing Various Backhaul Technology Strategies
Mobile Backhaul: Fiber vs. Microwave Case Study Analyzing Various Backhaul Technology Strategies Tzvika Naveh, Solutions Marketing Manager October 2009 Ceragon Networks®, CeraView®, FibeAir® and the FibeAir® design mark are registered trademarks of Ceragon Networks Ltd., and Ceragon™, PolyView™, ConfigAir™, CeraMon™, EtherAir™, QuickAir™, QuickAir Partner Program™, QuickAir Partner Certification Program™, QuickAir Partner Zone™, EncryptAir™ and Microwave Fiber™ are trademarks of Ceragon Networks Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction The advent of 3G and 4G mobile services brings with it a surge in data traffic, which in turn puts a strain on existing cellular networks. Nowhere is the demand for more available capacity felt more than in the Backhaul. Looking into their backhaul options, operators can choose one of three physical mediums; copper, fiber or microwave. A recent report by Heavy Reading Research1 estimates that microwave represents nearly 50% of global backhaul deployments. As shown in Figure 1, the report also finds that the use of microwave is not distributed evenly across nations. In fact, microwave is frequently deployed in developing markets and in emerging markets in which fiber is not available. Microwave is also frequently used in developed markets as an alternative to costly line-leasing services offered by Telecom incumbents. Copper networks, that according to Heavy Reading make up for nearly 20% of all backhaul deployments, are likely to decrease due to their limited capacity support and their inability to scale in a cost efficient manner. Looking forward, fiber is expected to take the place of copper based wire-line connections, and increase its overall share (albeit not at the expense of Microwave). -
National Table for Frequency Allocation (NTFA)
National Table for Frequency Allocation (NTFA) Workshop on National Spectrum Management and Spectrum Management System for Developing Countries (SMS4DC) 8 - 12 February 2016 Suva, Fiji Aamir Riaz International Telecommunication Union [email protected] Spectrum Management (SM) Key Terms Allocation Allotment Assignment Definition Allocation (of a frequency Allotment (of a radio frequency Assignment (of a radio band): Entry in the Table or radio frequency channel): frequency or radio of Frequency Allocations Entry of a designated frequency channel): of a given frequency band frequency channel in an agreed Authorization given by for the purpose of its use plan, adopted by a competent an administration for a by one or more terrestrial conference, for use by one or radio station to use a or space more administrations for a radio frequency or radiocommunication terrestrial or space radio frequency services or the radio radiocommunication service in channel under astronomy service under one or more identified specified conditions. specified conditions. This countries or geographical areas term shall also be applied and under specified conditions. to the frequency band concerned. Frequency Services Areas or Countries Stations Distribution to Introduction It is a government responsibility to develop spectrum management policies that conform to the international treaty obligations of the Radio Regulations while meeting national spectrum needs Within the national legal framework for telecommunications a spectrum management organisation has the delegated authority to prepare spectrum plans that meet government policies • National spectrum plans should be reviewed regularly and, when necessary, be updated to keep pace with technology and changing demands One of the most important tools for effective spectrum management is the National Table for Frequency Allocation (NTFA).