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SOP 202 Iridium Satellite Phone Provisioning
Standard Operating Procedure Updated: Apr 27, 2017 DOCUMENT NUMBER: SOP202 TITLE: Iridium Satellite Phone Provisioning PURPOSE: This document describes the provisioning and testing of Iridium Satellite phones. It is intended for all Greenland and Alaska field site personnel. BACKGROUND: A satellite telephone, satellite phone, or satphone is a type of mobile phone that connects to orbiting satellites instead of terrestrial cell sites. They provide similar functionality to terrestrial mobile telephones; voice, short messaging service and low-bandwidth internet access are supported through most systems. Depending on the architecture of a particular system, coverage may include the entire Earth or only specific regions. DETAILS: Components Required for Testing • Activated sim chips with phone number labels from IT&C staff • Preconditioned and charged batteries • External iridium egg antenna deployed outside in order to receive satellite signal inside the building • Updated Iridium phone number cheat sheet and Quick use guide Iridium Satellite Phone Testing Procedures • Insert activated SIM chip into satphone • Insert a preconditioned and charged battery into the satphone.. • Place battery cover on the satphone • Connect the satphone being tested to the external iridium egg antenna using a stubby antenna connector • Turn on the satphone and allow the registration process to complete Page 1 of 3 Standard Operating Procedure Updated: Apr 27, 2017 • Make a phone call using the satphone to a known number (ie your cellphone number, land line or a known working Iridium phone) • Make a phone call using your cellphone number, land line or a known working Iridium phone to the satphone being tested. • Adjust the iridium phone audio speaker to highest volume • Set the iridium phone to Ringer only and adjust the ringer to the highest volume • Turn call Forwarding off • Per each phone, adhere the phone number label to the front of the Iridium phone • If above test passed, continue onto next section. -
Running a Basic Osmocom GSM Network
Running a basic Osmocom GSM network Harald Welte <[email protected]> What this talk is about Implementing GSM/GPRS network elements as FOSS Applied Protocol Archaeology Doing all of that on top of Linux (in userspace) Running your own Internet-style network use off-the-shelf hardware (x86, Ethernet card) use any random Linux distribution configure Linux kernel TCP/IP network stack enjoy fancy features like netfilter/iproute2/tc use apache/lighttpd/nginx on the server use Firefox/chromium/konqueor/lynx on the client do whatever modification/optimization on any part of the stack Running your own GSM network Until 2009 the situation looked like this: go to Ericsson/Huawei/ZTE/Nokia/Alcatel/… spend lots of time convincing them that you’re an eligible customer spend a six-digit figure for even the most basic full network end up with black boxes you can neither study nor improve WTF? I’ve grown up with FOSS and the Internet. I know a better world. Why no cellular FOSS? both cellular (2G/3G/4G) and TCP/IP/HTTP protocol specs are publicly available for decades. Can you believe it? Internet protocol stacks have lots of FOSS implementations cellular protocol stacks have no FOSS implementations for the first almost 20 years of their existence? it’s the classic conflict classic circuit-switched telco vs. the BBS community ITU-T/OSI/ISO vs. Arpanet and TCP/IP Enter Osmocom In 2008, some people (most present in this room) started to write FOSS for GSM to boldly go where no FOSS hacker has gone before where protocol stacks are deep and acronyms are -
Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design for 11Ac Wireless Networks Brandon Johnson Systems Engineer Agenda
Understanding RF Fundamentals and the Radio Design for 11ac Wireless Networks Brandon Johnson Systems Engineer Agenda • Physics - RF Waves • Antenna Selection • Spectrum, Channels & Channel widths • MIMO & Spatial Streams • Cisco 802.11ac features • Beyond 802.11ac Electromagnetic Spectrum • Radio waves • Micro waves Colour Frequency Wavelength • Infrared Radiation Violet 668-789 THz 380-450nm Blue 606-668 THz 450-495nm • Visible Light Green 526-606 THz 495-570nm • Ultraviolet Radiation Yellow 508-526 THz 570-590nm • X-Rays Orange 484-508 THz 590-620nm • Gamma Rays Red 400-484 THz 620-750nm Radio Frequency Fundamentals λ1 λ • Frequency and Wavelength 2 • f = c / λ c = the speed of light in a vacuum • 2.45GHz = 12.3cm • 5.0GHz = 6cm • Amplitude • Phase * ϕ A1 A2 Radio Frequency Fundamentals • Signal Strength • Wave Propagation • Gain and Amplification – Attenuation and Free Space Loss • Loss and Attenuation – Reflection and Absorption – Wavelength Physics of Waves • In phase, reinforcement • Out of phase, cancellation RF Mathematics • dB is a logarithmic ratio of values (voltages, power, gain, losses) • We add gains • We subtract losses • dBm is a power measurement relative to 1mW • dBi is the forward gain of an antenna compared to isotropic antenna Now we know that …. How? CSMA / CA – “Listen before talk” • Carrier sense, multiple access / open spectrum • (open, low-power ISM bands) no barrier to entry • Energy detection must detect channel available – Clear Channel Assessment • On collision, random back off timer before trying again. -
Physical Layer Overview
ELEC3030 (EL336) Computer Networks S Chen Physical Layer Overview • Physical layer forms the basis of all networks, and we will first revisit some of fundamental limits imposed on communication media by nature Recall a medium or physical channel has finite Spectrum bandwidth and is noisy, and this imposes a limit Channel bandwidth: on information rate over the channel → This H Hz is a fundamental consideration when designing f network speed or data rate 0 H Type of medium determines network technology → compare wireless network with optic network • Transmission media can be guided or unguided, and we will have a brief review of a variety of transmission media • Communication networks can be classified as switched and broadcast networks, and we will discuss a few examples • The term “physical layer protocol” as such is not used, but we will attempt to draw some common design considerations and exams a few “physical layer standards” 13 ELEC3030 (EL336) Computer Networks S Chen Rate Limit • A medium or channel is defined by its bandwidth H (Hz) and noise level which is specified by the signal-to-noise ratio S/N (dB) • Capability of a medium is determined by a physical quantity called channel capacity, defined as C = H log2(1 + S/N) bps • Network speed is usually given as data or information rate in bps, and every one wants a higher speed network: for example, with a 10 Mbps network, you may ask yourself why not 10 Gbps? • Given data rate fd (bps), the actual transmission or baud rate fb (Hz) over the medium is often different to fd • This is for -
Teaching Protocol Exchanges Over Cellular Air Interface Olufemi Oyedapo, Xavier Lagrange, Philippe Martins, B Van Wyk
Teaching protocol exchanges over cellular air interface Olufemi Oyedapo, Xavier Lagrange, Philippe Martins, B van Wyk To cite this version: Olufemi Oyedapo, Xavier Lagrange, Philippe Martins, B van Wyk. Teaching protocol exchanges over cellular air interface. AFRICON 2007 : 8th IEEE africon conference, Sep 2007, Windhoek, Namibia. pp.1 - 7, 10.1109/AFRCON.2007.4401606. hal-02165725 HAL Id: hal-02165725 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02165725 Submitted on 26 Jun 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. 1 Teaching Protocol Exchanges over Cellular Air Interfaces O. J. Oyedapo, X. Lagrange, P. Martins, and B. Van Wyk attempts were made to examine and study the behavior of MS Abstract—The evolutionary path taken by cellular standards (using trace MS) by analyzing the Dm-channels to suitably to the current and future standards is incomplete without fully support transport of information between the MS and the understanding the older standards. The comprehension of the network. This study culminated from an attempt to have better GSM standard, specifically the procedures for protocols understanding of the services and supplementary services in exchange over the air interface will help students understand radio resource allocation procedures in GPRS and UMTS, and integrated services digital network (ISDN). -
Handover Parameters Optimisation Techniques in 5G Networks
sensors Article Handover Parameters Optimisation Techniques in 5G Networks Wasan Kadhim Saad 1,2,*, Ibraheem Shayea 2, Bashar J. Hamza 1, Hafizal Mohamad 3, Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh 4 and Waheb A. Jabbar 5,6 1 Engineering Technical College-Najaf, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Najaf 31001, Iraq; [email protected] 2 Electronics and Communication Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Istanbul Technical University (ITU), Istanbul 34467, Turkey; [email protected] 3 Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai 71800, Malaysia; hafi[email protected] 4 Department of Computer Engineering and Networks, College of Engineering at Wadi Addawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11991, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 5 Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pekan 26600, Malaysia; [email protected] 6 Center for Software Development & Integrated Computing, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Malaysia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The massive growth of mobile users will spread to significant numbers of small cells for the Fifth Generation (5G) mobile network, which will overlap the fourth generation (4G) network. A tremendous increase in handover (HO) scenarios and HO rates will occur. Ensuring stable and reliable connection through the mobility of user equipment (UE) will become a major problem in future mobile networks. This problem will be magnified with the use of suboptimal handover control parameter (HCP) settings, which can be configured manually or automatically. Therefore, Citation: Saad, W.K.; Shayea, I.; the aim of this study is to investigate the impact of different HCP settings on the performance Hamza, B.J.; Mohamad, H.; of 5G network. -
Glossary of Acronyms
Glossary of Acronyms This glossary provides short definitions of a range of abbreviations· and acronyms in use within the cordless telecommunications field; many of the terms are defined in greater detail within this volume. ACCH associated control channel ACELP algebraic code-excited linear prediction, vocoder ACK acknowledgement protocol ACTE Approval Committee for Telecommunication Equipment ACW address code word ADM adaptive delta modulation ADPCM adaptive differential pulse-code modulation AGC automatic gain control AIN advanced intelligent network ALT automatic link transfer AM access manager AMPS American Mobile Phone System - US cellular standard API application programming interface ARA alerting/registration area ARI access rights identifier ARIB Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (Japan) ARQ automatic repeat request ATIS Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions (USA) AWGN additive white Gaussian noise B echo balance return loss B channel user information bearer channel, 64 kb s-l, in ISDN BABT British Approvals Board for Telecommunications BCCH broadcast channel BCT business cordless telephone BER bit error ratio BMC/BMD burst mode controller/device BPSK binary phase shift keying, modulation BRA ISDN basic rate access BS basestation - the fixed radio component of a cordless link, single-channel or multichannel; term also used in cellular radio Glossary of Acronyms 507 BS6833 a standard for digital cordless telephones allowing for proprietary air interfaces (mainly specifying telephony-related aspects) (UK) -
Network Experience Evolution to 5G
Network Experience Evolution to 5G Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 5 Definition of Terms ............................................................................................................... 5 Typical MBB Services and Network Experience Requirements in the 5G Era ............. 7 VR ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Video.................................................................................................................................... 9 Voice .................................................................................................................................... 9 Mobile Gaming ................................................................................................................... 10 FWA ................................................................................................................................... 11 Summary ........................................................................................................................... 13 Network Evolution Trends .............................................................................................. 13 5G-oriented LTE Experience Improvement Technologies .......................................... -
GSM Network Element Modification Or Upgrade Required for GPRS. Mobile Station (MS) New Mobile Station Is Required to Access GPRS
GPRS GPRS architecture works on the same procedure like GSM network, but, has additional entities that allow packet data transmission. This data network overlaps a second- generation GSM network providing packet data transport at the rates from 9.6 to 171 kbps. Along with the packet data transport the GSM network accommodates multiple users to share the same air interface resources concurrently. Following is the GPRS Architecture diagram: GPRS attempts to reuse the existing GSM network elements as much as possible, but to effectively build a packet-based mobile cellular network, some new network elements, interfaces, and protocols for handling packet traffic are required. Therefore, GPRS requires modifications to numerous GSM network elements as summarized below: GSM Network Element Modification or Upgrade Required for GPRS. Mobile Station (MS) New Mobile Station is required to access GPRS services. These new terminals will be backward compatible with GSM for voice calls. BTS A software upgrade is required in the existing Base Transceiver Station(BTS). BSC The Base Station Controller (BSC) requires a software upgrade and the installation of new hardware called the packet control unit (PCU). The PCU directs the data traffic to the GPRS network and can be a separate hardware element associated with the BSC. GPRS Support Nodes (GSNs) The deployment of GPRS requires the installation of new core network elements called the serving GPRS support node (SGSN) and gateway GPRS support node (GGSN). Databases (HLR, VLR, etc.) All the databases involved in the network will require software upgrades to handle the new call models and functions introduced by GPRS. -
5G Implementation in Non-EU Countries of Europe Region
5G IMPLEMENTATION IN NON-EU COUNTRIES OF THE EUROPE REGION ITU Regional Initiative for Europe on Broadband Infrastructure, Broadcasting and Spectrum Management © ITU November 2020 Version 1.2 5G Implementation in non-EU countries of the Europe Region ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This paper was developed by the ITU Office for Europe within the framework of the ITU Regional Initiative for Europe on broadband infrastructure, broadcasting and spectrum management. It was elaborated by ITU Office for Europe team including Mr. Iago Bojczuk, Junior Policy Analyst, and Mr. Julian McNeill, Consultant, under the supervision and direction of Mr. Jaroslaw Ponder, Head of ITU Office for Europe. Moreover, important feedback has been provided to this report by: - Electronic and Postal Communications Authority (AKEP), Albania; - Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy, Albania; - Communications Regulatory Agency (CRA), Bosnia and Herzegovina; - Post and Telecom Administration (PTA), Iceland; - Ministry of Communications of Israel; - Office for Communications of Liechtenstein; - Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure of Moldova; - National Regulatory Agency for Electronic Communications and Information Technology (ANRCETI); - Ministry of Economy, Montenegro; - Agency for Electronic Communications and Postal Services (EKIP), Montenegro; - Ministry of Information Society and Administration, North Macedonia; - Agency for Electronic Communications of North Macedonia; - Ministry of Trade, Tourism and Telecommunications, Serbia; - Information and Communication Technologies Authority, Turkey; - National Commission for the State Regulation of Communications and Informatization, Ukraine; - Department for Digital, Culture, Media & Sport (DCMS), United Kingdom; - Dicastero per la Comunicazione - Direzione Tecnologica, Vatican City. The paper was prepared as the background contribution to the ITU Regional Forum for Europe on 5G strategies, policies and implementation, held on 22 and 23 October 2020. -
HD Voice Annex C Minimum Requirements with GSM/UMTS/LTE
GSM Association Non-Confidential Minimum Technical Requirements for use of the HD Voice Logo with GSM/UMTS/LTE issued by GSMA Minimum Technical Requirements for use of the HD Voice Logo with GSM/UMTS/LTE issued by GSMA Version 1.1 22nd March 2013 Security Classification – NON CONFIDENTIAL GSMA MATERIAL Copyright Notice Copyright © 2013 GSM Association. Antitrust Notice The information contain herein is in full compliance with the GSM Association’s antitrust compliance policy. Version 1.1 Page 1 of 18 GSM Association Non-Confidential Minimum Technical Requirements for use of the HD Voice Logo with GSM/UMTS/LTE issued by GSMA Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 3 ANNEX C: MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS FOR MOBILE NETWORKS AND TERMINALS FOR THE USAGE OF THE ‘HD VOICE’ LOGO WITH GSM/UMTS/LTE............................................................................................................... 3 DOCUMENT MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................... 18 Document History .................................................................................................................. 18 Other Information ................................................................................................................... 18 Version 1.1 Page 2 of 18 GSM Association Non-Confidential Minimum Technical Requirements for use of the HD Voice Logo with GSM/UMTS/LTE issued by GSMA INTRODUCTION -
Location Update Procedure
Location Update Procedure In order to make a mobile terminated call, The GSM network should know the location of the MS (Mobile Station), despite of its movement. For this purpose the MS periodically reports its location to the network using the Location Update procedure. Location Area (LA) A GSM network is divided into cells. A group of cells is considered a location area. A mobile phone in motion keeps the network informed about changes in the location area. If the mobile moves from a cell in one location area to a cell in another location area, the mobile phone should perform a location area update to inform the network about the exact location of the mobile phone. The Location Update procedure is performed: When the MS has been switched off and wants to become active, or When it is active but not involved in a call, and it moves from one location area to another, or After a regular time interval. Location registration takes place when a mobile station is turned on. This is also known as IMSI Attach because as soon as the mobile station is switched on it informs the Visitor Location Register (VLR) that it is now back in service and is able to receive calls. As a result of a successful registration, the network sends the mobile station two numbers that are stored in the SIM (Subscriber Identity Module) card of the mobile station. These two numbers are:- 1. Location Area Identity (LAI) 2. Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (TMSI). The network, via the control channels of the air interface, sends the LAI.