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Accurate Location Detection 911 Help SMS App
System and method that allows for cost effective location detection accuracy that exceeds current FCC standards. Accurate Location Detection 911 Help SMS App White Paper White Paper: 911 Help SMS App 1 Cost Effective Location Detection Techniques Used by the 911 Help SMS App to Overcome Smartphone Flaws and GPS Discrepancies Minh Tran, DMD Box 1089 Springfield, VA 22151 Phone: (267) 250-0594 Email: [email protected] Introduction As of April 2015, approximately 64% of Americans own smartphones. Although there has been progress with E911 and NG911, locating cell phone callers remains a major obstacle for 911 dispatchers. This white papers gives an overview of techniques used by the 911 Help SMS App to more accurately locate victims indoors and outdoors when using smartphones. Background Location information is not only transmitted to the call center for the purpose of sending emergency services to the scene of the incident, it is used by the wireless network operator to determine to which PSAP to route the call. With regards to E911 Phase 2, wireless network operators must provide the latitude and longitude of callers within 300 meters, within six minutes of a request by a PSAP. To locate a mobile telephone geographically, there are two general approaches. One is to use some form of radiolocation from the cellular network; the other is to use a Global Positioning System receiver built into the phone itself. Radiolocation in cell phones use base stations. Most often this is done through triangulation between radio towers. White Paper: 911 Help SMS App 2 Problem GPS accuracy varies and could incorrectly place the victim’s location at their neighbor’s home. -
Executive Summary of the ICAO Position for ITU WRC-15 Radio
Executive Summary of the ICAO Position for ITU WRC-15 Radio frequency spectrum is a scarce natural resource with finite capacity for which demand is constantly increasing. The requirements of civil aviation as well as other spectrum users continue to grow at a fast pace, thus creating an ever-increasing pressure to an already stretched resource. International competition between radio services obliges all spectrum users, aeronautical and non- aeronautical alike, to continually defend and justify retention of existing or addition of new frequency bands. The ICAO Position aims at protecting aeronautical frequency spectrum for all radiocommunication and radionavigation systems used for ground facilities and on board aircraft. The ICAO Position addresses all radioregulatory aspects on aeronautical matters on the agenda for the WRC-15. The items of main concern to aviation include the following: identification of additional frequency bands for the International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT). Under this agenda item, the telecommunications industry is seeking up to 1200 MHz of additional spectrum in the 300 MHz to 6 GHz range for mobile and broadband applications. It is expected that a number of aeronautical frequency bands will come under pressure for potential repurposing, especially some of the Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR) bands. Existing frequency allocations which are vital for the operation of aeronautical very small aperture terminal (VSAT) ground-ground communication networks, especially in tropical regions, are also expected to come under pressure. Due to decisions made by a previous WRC, this has already become a problematic issue in Africa. WRC-15 agenda items 1.1 and 9.1.5 refer; potential radioregulatory means to facilitate the use of non-safety satellite service frequency bands for a very safety-critical application, the command and control link for remotely piloted aircraft systems (RPAS) in non-segregated airspace. -
CBRS Commercial Weather RADAR Comments WINNF-RC-1001-V1.0.0
CBRS Commercial Weather RADAR Comments Document WINNF-RC-1001 Version V1.0.0 24 July 2017 Spectrum Sharing Committee Steering Group CBRS Commercial Weather RADAR Comments WINNF-RC-1001-V1.0.0 TERMS, CONDITIONS & NOTICES This document has been prepared by the Spectrum Sharing Committee Steering Group to assist The Software Defined Radio Forum Inc. (or its successors or assigns, hereafter “the Forum”). It may be amended or withdrawn at a later time and it is not binding on any member of the Forum or of the Spectrum Sharing Committee Steering Group. Contributors to this document that have submitted copyrighted materials (the Submission) to the Forum for use in this document retain copyright ownership of their original work, while at the same time granting the Forum a non-exclusive, irrevocable, worldwide, perpetual, royalty-free license under the Submitter’s copyrights in the Submission to reproduce, distribute, publish, display, perform, and create derivative works of the Submission based on that original work for the purpose of developing this document under the Forum's own copyright. Permission is granted to the Forum’s participants to copy any portion of this document for legitimate purposes of the Forum. Copying for monetary gain or for other non-Forum related purposes is prohibited. THIS DOCUMENT IS BEING OFFERED WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, AND IN PARTICULAR, ANY WARRANTY OF NON-INFRINGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. ANY USE OF THIS SPECIFICATION SHALL BE MADE ENTIRELY AT THE IMPLEMENTER'S OWN RISK, AND NEITHER THE FORUM, NOR ANY OF ITS MEMBERS OR SUBMITTERS, SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER TO ANY IMPLEMENTER OR THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ARISING FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT. -
Space Communications
Space Radiocommunication Services and Frequency Allocations Dr. Francis Lau Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 1 Space Radiocommunication Services • Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) • Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) – Maritime Mobile Satellite Service (MMS) – Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMS) – Land Mobile Satellite Service (LMS) • Broadcasting Satellite Service (BSS) • Earth Exploration Satellite Service (EES) Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 2 Space Radiocommunication Services • Space Research Service (SRS) • Space Operation Service (SOS) • Radiodetermination Satellite Service (RSS) • Inter-Satellite Service (ISS) • Amateur Satellite Service (ASS) Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 3 Space Radiocommunication Services Type of link Applications Space radio- (•= uplink, communications ¯= downlink) services Broadcasting ¯ Time signals FSS Data BSS Sound programs BSS Television programmes BSS Links with •¯ Land MSS (LMS) mobiles Maritime MSS (MMS) Aeronautical MSS (AMS) Radio location •¯ Navigation RSS Downlink ¯ Radiolocation and RSS transmission navigation of a radio Earth atmosphere SRS, EES beacon monitoring Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 4 Frequency Allocations • Frequency allocations to a given service can depend on the region – Region 1: Europe, Africa, the Middle East and the countries of the former USSR – Region 2: The Americas – Region 3: Asia except the Middle East and the countries of the former USSR, Oceania • bands allocated can be exclusive or shared Dr. Francis CM Lau, Associate Professor, EIE, PolyU 5 Frequency Allocations • Fixed satellite service links – C band or 6/4 GHz • around 6GHz for the uplink and around 4GHz for the downlink • occupied by the oldest systems and tend to be saturated – X band or 8/7 GHz • reserved for government use Dr. -
Review of the State of Infrared Detectors for Astronomy in Retrospect of the June 2002 Workshop on Scientific Detectors for Astronomy
Review of the state of infrared detectors for astronomy in retrospect of the June 2002 Workshop on Scientific Detectors for Astronomy. Gert Fingera and James W. Beleticb a European Southern Obseravatory, D-85748 Garching, Germany b W. M. Keck Observatory 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy., Kamuela, Hi 96743, USA ABSTRACT Only two months ago, in June 2002, a workshop on scientific detectors for astronomy was held in Waimea, where for the first time both experts on optical CCD’s and infrared detectors working at the cutting edge of focal plane technology gathered. An overview of new developments in optical detectors such as CCD’s and CMOS devices will be given elsewhere in these proceedings [1]. This paper will focus on infrared detector developments carried out at the European Southern Observatory ESO and will also include selected highlights of infrared focal plane technology as presented at the Waimea workshop. Three main detector developments for ground based astronomers are currently pushing infrared focal plane technology. In the near infrared from 1 to 5 mm two technologies, both aiming for buttable 2Kx2K mosaics, will be reviewed, namely InSb and HgCdTe grown by LPE or MBE on Al2O3, Si or CdZnTe substrates. Blocked impurity band Si:As arrays cover the mid infrared spectral range from 8 to 28 mm. Since the video signal of infrared arrays, contrary to CCD’s, is DC coupled, long exposures with IR arrays are extremely susceptible to drifts and low frequency noise pick- up down to the mHz regime. New techniques to reduce thermal drifts and suppress low frequency noise with on-chip reference pixels will be discussed. -
Federal Communications Commission FCC 02-23
Federal Communications Commission FCC 02-23 Before the Federal Communications Commission Washington, D.C. 20554 In the Matter of ) ) Amendment of Parts 2, 25 and 97 of the ) Commission's Rules with Regard to the ) ET Docket No. 98-142 Mobile-Satellite Service Above 1 GHz ) REPORT AND ORDER Adopted: January 28, 2002 Released: February 7, 2002 By the Commission: TABLE OF CONTENTS Paragraph I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................ 1 II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................................... 2 III. BACKGROUND .............................................................................................................................. 6 IV. DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................................ 11 A. NGSO MSS Feeder Uplinks at 5091-5250 MHz ........................................................................11 1. Current Use.........................................................................................................................11 2. Proposal..............................................................................................................................13 3. Comments...........................................................................................................................14 4. Decision..............................................................................................................................16 -
The Legal Ordering of Satellite Telecommunication: Problems and Alternatives
Indiana Law Journal Volume 44 Issue 3 Article 1 Spring 1969 The Legal Ordering of Satellite Telecommunication: Problems and Alternatives Delbert D. Smith University of Wisconsin Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj Part of the Air and Space Law Commons, and the Communications Law Commons Recommended Citation Smith, Delbert D. (1969) "The Legal Ordering of Satellite Telecommunication: Problems and Alternatives," Indiana Law Journal: Vol. 44 : Iss. 3 , Article 1. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ilj/vol44/iss3/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School Journals at Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Law Journal by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INDIANA LAW JOURNAL Volume 44 Spring 1969 Number 3 THE LEGAL ORDERING OF SATELLITE TELECOMMUNICATION: PROBLEMS AND ALTERNATIVES DELBERT D. SMITHt The use of satellites in outer space to provide a means of transmission for international telecommunication could be viewed as simply a tech- nological advancement neither necessitating basic structural changes in the international control institutions nor requiring alteration of the control theories designed to regulate unauthorized transmissions. How- ever, the magnitude of the changes involved, coupled with increased governmental concern, has resulted in a number of politico-legal problems. It is the purpose of this article to examine on several levels of analysis the implications of utilizing satellites as a means of telecom- munication transmission. Introductory material on the development of communications satellite technology stresses the need for international organization and co-operation to oversee the launching and maintenance of a global communications system and indicates the pressures for the implementation of control measures over transmissions originating in outer space. -
High Frequency (HF)
Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1990-06 High Frequency (HF) radio signal amplitude characteristics, HF receiver site performance criteria, and expanding the dynamic range of HF digital new energy receivers by strong signal elimination Lott, Gus K., Jr. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34806 NPS62-90-006 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, ,California DISSERTATION HIGH FREQUENCY (HF) RADIO SIGNAL AMPLITUDE CHARACTERISTICS, HF RECEIVER SITE PERFORMANCE CRITERIA, and EXPANDING THE DYNAMIC RANGE OF HF DIGITAL NEW ENERGY RECEIVERS BY STRONG SIGNAL ELIMINATION by Gus K. lott, Jr. June 1990 Dissertation Supervisor: Stephen Jauregui !)1!tmlmtmOlt tlMm!rJ to tJ.s. eave"ilIE'il Jlcg6iielw olil, 10 piolecl ailicallecl",olog't dU'ie 18S8. Btl,s, refttteste fer litis dOCdiii6i,1 i'lust be ,ele"ed to Sapeihil6iiddiil, 80de «Me, "aial Postg;aduulG Sclleel, MOli'CIG" S,e, 98918 &988 SF 8o'iUiid'ids" PM::; 'zt6lI44,Spawd"d t4aoal \\'&u 'al a a,Sloi,1S eai"i,al'~. 'Nsslal.;gtePl. Be 29S&B &198 .isthe 9aleMBe leclu,sicaf ,.,FO'iciaKe" 6alite., ea,.idiO'. Statio", AlexB •• d.is, VA. !!!eN 8'4!. ,;M.41148 'fl'is dUcO,.Mill W'ilai.,s aliilical data wlrose expo,l is idst,icted by tli6 Arlil! Eurse" SSPItial "at FRIis ee, 1:I.9.e. gec. ii'S1 sl. seq.) 01 tlls Exr;01l ftle!lIi"isllatioli Act 0' 19i'9, as 1tI'I'I0"e!ee!, "Filill ell, W.S.€'I ,0,,,,, 1i!4Q1, III: IIlIiI. 'o'iolatioils of ltrese expo,lla;;s ale subject to 960616 an.iudl pSiiaities. -
Regulation on Collective Frequencies for Licence-Exempt Radio Transmitters and on Their Use
FICORA 15 AIH/2015 M 1 (22) Unofficial translation Regulation on collective frequencies for licence-exempt radio transmitters and on their use Issued in Helsinki on 6 February 2015 The Finnish Communications Regulatory Authority (FICORA) has, under section 39(3 and 4) of the Information Society Code of 7 November 2014 (917/2014), laid down: Chapter 1 General provisions Section 1 The oObjective of the Regulation This Regulation lays down provisions on collective frequencies for as well as use and registration of such radio transmitters whose conformity with requirements has been attested in such a way as laid down in the Information Society Code, and for the possession and use of which a radio licence is not required. Section 2 Scope of application This Regulation applies to the following radio transmitters which operate only on the collective frequencies assigned in this Regulation and whose conformity with requirements has been attested in such a way as mentioned in section 257 or section 352 of the Information Society Code: 1) cordless CT1 telephones taken into use on 31 December 2003 at the latest, cordless CT2 telephones taken into use on 31 December 2004 at the latest, and DECT equipment; 2) mobile terminals and other terminals for GSM, UMTS, digital broadband mobile networks and terrestrial systems capable of providing electronic communications services; 3) LA telephones (national Citizen Band equipment) which have been approved according to the regulations of 25 March 1981 by the General Directorate of Posts and Telecommunications -
DOC-370264A1.Pdf
February 24, 2021 FACT SHEET* Facilitating Shared Use in the 3.1-3.55 GHz Band Second Report and Order, Order on Reconsideration, and Order of Proposed Modification, WT Docket No. 19-348 Background The Beat China by Harnessing Important, National Airwaves for 5G Act of 2020, which was included in the Fiscal Year 2021 omnibus spending bill, requires the Commission to work with its Federal partners to bring all of the 3.45 GHz band spectrum to market for next-generation wireless use through a system of competitive bidding by December 31, 2021. Beginning the implementation of this Congressional mandate, this item reallocates 100 megahertz in the 3.45 GHz band for flexible use wireless services and adopt rules to implement the new 3.45 GHz Service, The framework adopted for the 3.45 GHz band will enable full-power commercial use and provide flexibility to future licensees in deploying their networks in this band, while also ensuring that federal incumbents are still protected where and when they require continued access to the band. What the Second Report and Order Would Do: • Make 100 megahertz of spectrum in the 3.45 GHz band available for flexible use wireless services throughout the contiguous United States; • Add a co-primary, non-federal fixed and mobile (except aeronautical mobile) allocation to the band; • Create a regime to coordinate non-federal and federal use of spectrum by adopting Cooperative Planning Areas and Periodic Use Areas and establishing coordination procedures; • Adopt a band plan and technical, licensing, and competitive -
International Air Transport Association Position for the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC - 12)
International Air Transport Association Position for the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC - 12) September 2009 Objectives of IATA Position The IATA Position) for the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC 12) seeks to guarantee appropriate, secure radio spectrum to support current and planned CNS technologies and systems essential to meeting future growth in a safe and efficient manner. Due to the safety and global harmonization of airline operations, allocations for such radio spectrum are made at WRC’s, the outcomes of which have international treaty status. IATA believes such international coordination is essential and opposes the application of new, more market driven, regulatory measures to the spectrum aviation uses. The broad objectives of the IATA position are: • to maintain protection for the spectrum used for aeronautical radiocommunication and radionavigation systems required for current and future safety-of-life applications; • to ensure that spectrum is available for new technologies; • to ensure that the application of new regulatory measures does not impact on global operations or result in social or economic penalty to aviation without providing benefit. IATA has 226 member airlines carrying 93% of world’s international scheduled traffic (Available Seat Kilometres). In 2008, IATA’s members carried 1.6 billion passengers (scheduled) of which 708 million were international and 42.3 million tones of freight of which 28 million tonnes were international Introduction Aviation uses globally harmonised spectrum allocations for communications, navigation and surveillance in order to provide a safe and efficient global transport system. Hence the spectrum used by aviation must be free from harmful interference to guarantee the integrity of its systems. -
Antennas for 136Khz Index
ON7YD, longwave, 136kHz, antennas Page 1 of 51 ON7YD Antennas for 136kHz About this page : The main object of this page is to provide information. It has been deliberately kept simple, no fancy and flashy tricks, in order to achieve maximum compatibility for the different browsers and to allow fast downloading. Any comments and/or suggestions are welcome at : [email protected] last updated on 8 July 2004 Index 1. Introduction 2. Short vertical antennas 1. Vertical monopole antenna 2. Short vertical monopole 3. Vertical antenna with capacitive toploading 4. Umbrella antenna 5. Capacitive toploading of single-tower antennas 6. Spiral toploaded antenna 7. Vertical antenna with inductive toploading 8. Vertical antenna with capacitive and inductive toploading 9. Vertical antenna with tuned counterpoise 10. Meander antenna 11. Antenna with multiple vertical elements 12. Using a non isolated antenna-tower as LF-antenna 13. Antennas with a long horizontal section 14. Helical antenna 15. Short vertical dipole 16. Why a horizontal dipole is a rather unefficient antenna on LF 17. Safety precautions 18. Bringing a short vertical monopole to resonance 1. Loading coil 2. Coil losses : the Q-factor 3. Variometer 4. Tapped coil 5. Impedance matching 6. Bandwidth considerations 3. Efficiency of antenna systems on LF (short vertical antennas) 1. Antenna system 2. Efficiency 3. Antenna system efficiency, antenna directivity, ERP, EIRP and EMRP 4. Optimizing the antenna system efficiency 5. Enviromental losses 6. Ground loss 1. Type (composition) of the soil 2. Frequency 3. Shape and dimensions of the antenna 4. Radial system and ground rods 4. Measuring ERP on LF http://www.qsl.net/on7yd/136ant.htm 12/19/2006 ON7YD, longwave, 136kHz, antennas Page 2 of 51 1.