DOCSLIB.ORG

High Frequency (HF)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
High Frequency (HF) Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 1990-06 High Frequency (HF) radio signal amplitude characteristics, HF receiver site performance criteria, and expanding the dynamic range of HF digital new energy receivers by strong signal elimination Lott, Gus K., Jr. Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34806 NPS62-90-006 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey, ,California DISSERTATION HIGH FREQUENCY (HF) RADIO SIGNAL AMPLITUDE CHARACTERISTICS, HF RECEIVER SITE PERFORMANCE CRITERIA, and EXPANDING THE DYNAMIC RANGE OF HF DIGITAL NEW ENERGY RECEIVERS BY STRONG SIGNAL ELIMINATION by Gus K. lott, Jr. June 1990 Dissertation Supervisor: Stephen Jauregui !)1!tmlmtmOlt tlMm!rJ to tJ.s. eave"ilIE'il Jlcg6iielw olil, 10 piolecl ailicallecl",olog't dU'ie 18S8. Btl,s, refttteste fer litis dOCdiii6i,1 i'lust be ,ele"ed to Sapeihil6iiddiil, 80de «Me, "aial Postg;aduulG Sclleel, MOli'CIG" S,e, 98918 &988 SF 8o'iUiid'ids" PM::; 'zt6lI44,Spawd"d t4aoal \\'&u 'al a a,Sloi,1S eai"i,al'~. 'Nsslal.;gtePl. Be 29S&B &198 .isthe 9aleMBe leclu,sicaf ,.,FO'iciaKe" 6alite., ea,.idiO'. Statio", AlexB •• d.is, VA. !!!eN 8'4!. ,;M.41148 'fl'is dUcO,.Mill W'ilai.,s aliilical data wlrose expo,l is idst,icted by tli6 Arlil! Eurse" SSPItial "at FRIis ee, 1:I.9.e. gec. ii'S1 sl. seq.) 01 tlls Exr;01l ftle!lIi"isllatioli Act 0' 19i'9, as 1tI'I'I0"e!ee!, "Filill ell, W.S.€'I ,0,,,,, 1i!4Q1, III: IIlIiI. 'o'iolatioils of ltrese expo,lla;;s ale subject to 960616 an.iudl pSiiaities. Bissaiiiiiaia iii acco.dullcG "UIi J:SlooisiclI3 of Ofl'4AVIl4Me518.18I, ,eleloliee tii.). BESfRtIefI6ff .fefieE Basbo, b, all, mailloe! Ihal niH plaisllt e!iseloslua II' OOlltellte IIf i'ellelletAlelie,. ef tAli e!e elf""e,.,. Prepared for: Commander Commander (G80/43) (PMW-143/144) Naval Securlty Group Command Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command 3801 Nebraska Ave. Washington, DC 200~-5100 Washington, DC 20393-5213 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK DUDLEY KNOX LIBRARY. January 20, 2011 SUBJECT: Change in distribution statement for High Frequency (HF) Radio Signal Amplitude Characteristics, HF receiver Site Performance Criteria, and Expanding the Dynamic Range of HF Digital New Energy Receivers by Strong Signal Elimination – June 1990. 1. Reference: Lott, Gus K., Jr. High Frequency (HF) Radio Signal Amplitude Characteristics, HF receiver Site Performance Criteria, and Expanding the Dynamic Range of HF Digital New Energy Receivers by Strong Signal Elimination. Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School, June 1990. UNCLASSIFIED [Distribution authorized to US. Government Agencies only; Critical Technology; June 1990]. 2. Upon consultation with NPS faculty, the School has determined that this thesis may be released to the public and that its distribution is unlimited, effective December 16, 2010. University Librarian Naval Postgraduate School http://www.nps.edu THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLAS SFI ICATION OF THIS PAGE Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMBNo.0704-0188 la. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 1b. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS UNCLASSIFIED 2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3. DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY OF REPORT BistributiOfi limited to H.S. Eiouernment 2b. DECLASSIFICATION I DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE (l!;ene!te~ oftl, te p!!'e~eet e'l!'~t~ee~ teeftfte , ¥ , nnn r. ~~ ~ 4. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER{S) S. MONITORING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER{S) NPS62-90-006 . 6a. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANIZATION 6b. OFFICE SYMBOL 7a. NAME OF MONITORING ORGANIZATION (If applicable) Naval Postgraduate School EC Naval Postgraduate School 6c. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 7b. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) Monterey, CA 93943-S100 Monterey, CA 93943-S100 Ba. NAME OF FUNDING ISPONSORING 8b. OFFICE SYM80L 9. PROCUREMENT INSTRUMENT IDENTifiCATION NUMBER ORGANIZATION (If applicable) SPACETASKS 143-1-89-4SBM-00S and Space and Naval Warfare Svstems Command PMW 143/144 144-2-89-PGS-4SBN-03S Be. ADDRESS (City, State, and ZIP Code) 10. SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS Commander (PMW-143/144) PROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK UNIT Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command ELEMENT NO. NO. NO. ACCESSION NO. Washington DC 20363 S100 11. TITLE (Include Security Classification) HIGH FREQUENCY (HF) RADIO SIGNAL AMPLITUDE CHARACTERISTICS, HF RECEIVER SITE PERFORMANCE, and EXPANDING THE DYNAMIC RANGE OF HF DIGITAL NEW ENRRr.V RFr.P,TVP,RS RV S'1'RONr. <::TCNAT 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR{S) Lott, Gus K. 13a. TYPE OF REPORT J13b TIME COVERED r4 . DATE OF REPORT (Year, Month, Day) r5. PAGE COUNT Doctoral Dissertation FROM TO 1990, June, 21 2S7 16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION The views expressed in this dissertation are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S Go ~nt- 17. COSA TI CODES 18. SUBJECT TERMS (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) FIELD GROUP SUB-GROUP HF Signals; HF Receiver; Wideband Receiver; Spectrum Survey; HF Signal Amplitude Probability Distribution; Log· normal· Receiver Si rp pprfnrm~n('p· ;:m~l no--rr.-A; n; 1-",1 19. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) The dissertation discusses High Frequency (HF) radio sources. It consolidates data from all available, published HF spectrum surveys. The author conducted a new HF survey using detection of new energy events. The first cumulative probability dist~ibution function for the amplitude of detected non-broadcast HF signals is developed, and the distribution is log-normal. HF receiver site performance quantification is possible using the HF signal distributions. Site performance degredation results from noise, interference, and signal path attenuation. Noise examples are presented in a 3-D format of time, frequency, and amplitude. Graphs are presented that allow estimation of the percentage of HF non-broadcast signals lost as a function of noise and interferece levels. Limitations of HF search receivers using analog-to-digital converters as the receiver front-end are discussed. Derived bounds on A/D converter performance show that today's digital technology does not provide enough dynamic range, sensitivity, or 20. DISTRIBUTION I AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT 21. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION KlUNCLASSIFIED/UNLIMITED o SAME AS RPT. o DTIC USERS UNCLASSIFIED 22a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b. TELEPHONE (Include Area Code) 122c. OFFICE SYMBOL Stephen Jauregui (408) 646-2753 EC/Ja DO Form 1473, JUN 86 Previous editions are obsolete. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE SiN 0102-LF-014-6603 UNCLASSIFIED i UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE 3. continued docah,cnl! mas t be i cEeL t cd to Saper intcneicnt, SeaL 943, liao a1 Pos t!)raauatoe Selteel, HOllcerey, e* "3"43 seee or eOlllli£andcr, P?Hl llf3/144 , St'aee efta Ne hal l1a!'fe!'e gyS~9111:S Connnaild, WasirlngL,on, Be 28363 5188 via LIIE Befense 'fecliiiical InfoifitaLioii SeIzter, eamEIOiI Station, Alexandria, VA 22394 6145. liar ding 'Iris dOCUilrEnL contains tecilliical data wllose expol L . is i es tr ie ted b, tIle *rms Export Control *ct (titlE 22, 8.S.e. Sec. 2751 ct. eet):.) er the :S'[IHH~t: Administration Act of 1~7~, as annuEllded, 'fiLlt 59,"'8.8.0., i\~l' 2 l,Ql, eel eeEfu T.TielaLions of tltEsE export lawS are subject to SEVErE criminal penalties. BisseurinaLe tn accordancE wiLlI pruiisiotLs of OPIW/IliS'f 5518.161, refereftee (jj.). Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited 11. continued ELIMINATION 18. continued converter; AID; Electromagneticcompatability; dynamic range; new energy detection; strong signal elimination 19. continued sampling rate. Alternative dynamic range extension methods are examined. A new method of dynamic range extension by removing the strongest signals present is presented. Greater receiver sensitivity results from changing the HF signal environment seen by the AID converter. The new method uses a phase-tracking network and signal reconstruction techniques. SECURITY CLASSIFICAT ION OF T HIS PAGE DO Form 1473, JUN 86 (Reverse) UNCLASSIFIED ii Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited BIEffftlBI:fRet41:1MREB to 1::1.9. 80;eiiIi ilellt Agwcies 0111, to !'.otect etitlOf\J teChllOlo~" "111101999. 9th8r r8E1118ete fsr this IIIs8III'I'Ioftt I'I'IlIet 80 ,efel'l'8l11.1 Slll!oI'iMelllllo .... 91111e 948. tla... aI Pe8t!ralllllate iSReal; USRteray, ~o QiQ4i &000 QF 9111.'111:111110'. PM'll 119/~ H.S"alo alllll tJ81al'Narflll8 S~etelll8 9sI'I'II'I'Ialllll. '}:leehiR.sR. Q9 sea8i i~99 uiatRQ gQfQRIi'Q "Feehllical "'",PI! ,Me II 90llto,. 9at 1101'81. Static I'. ;\leMallllll.ia.VA ~9 1 8116. WMI4.,.8 "Ids dUCO"E'il wi,laiiis teeli,licaf data allOsa 8xpell is lesbicl9d bj tlie Ai,,1S &1'0,1 8s.lftel hJt fAits ee, tles.e. 3uc. 2'01 ell seq.) 0' lite ExpOit JltdiiHiiisbalioii Act of Is,a, as WiiGiided, litle 58, \!J.S.S., ""IS 2481, at. se~. Violatiolls of these el(I'0I'f: lails atC slIbject to !ecele cliliMliai I'Cllaities. BisscII.illato ill 8111,lIIa1'l18 "it" j!lI'8Yi8isRS sf 9PtlAVltlSHj619 ... 81. ref8r81'188 iji.). HIGH FREQUENCY (HF) RADIO SIGNAL AMPLITUDE CHRARCTERISTICS, HF RECEIVER SITE PERFORMANCE CRITERIA, and EXPANDING THE DYNAMIC RANGE OF HF DIGITAL NEW ENERGY RECEIVERS BY STRONG SIGNAL EUMINATION by Gus K. Lott, Jr. Lieutenant Commander. United States Navy B.E.E .• Auburn University, 1976 M.B.A.. Corpus Christi State University, 1979 M.S .• Naval Postgraduate School. 1988 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING from the NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL June 1990 Author'___________________________________________________________ ___ Gus K. Lott, Jr. Approved by: Glen A. Myers Paul H. Moose Associate Professor of Associate Professor of ElectFical and Comguter Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering Hal M. Fredricksen Michael J. Zyda Department Chairman and Associate Professor of Professor of Mathematics Computer Science Stephen Jauregui Adjunct Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Dissertatic.vl SUDervisor Approved by: ___________________________________________________ John P.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • August 2002 7:45 PM THURSDAY 8Th August 2002 Greenhills Community House NERG Inc
    NERG NEWS Incorporated 1985 in Victoria Reg No A0006776V - http://nerg.asn.au August 2002 7:45 PM THURSDAY 8th August 2002 Greenhills Community House NERG Inc. At the meeting this month: PO Box 270 Greensborough • Annual General Meeting Victoria 3088 • Inside a Panel Antenna What’s on this month? This month there will be loads to see and do. For a starters it’s August so it’s time for the AGM and the election of office bearers! - That should only take up the first few minutes of the meeting so don’t be late or you’ll get elected to something . Get your agenda items and nominations in quickly. • Birthday Celebrations Next a talk by a well-known club member on the inside secrets of a high gain "panel" • Membership fees are due antenna for mobile phone towers. Later the NERG Birthday Party finishes off Membership Fees Due Now International Lighthouse & the night with the traditional Chocolate Cake A quick reminder to all NERG members that st Lightship Weekend and other goodies. 2002 fees are due from the 1 August. Fees This event runs from 10 am (local EST) are $30 single, $40 family, $20 concession, th th Finally, a reminder that memberships fees Saturday 17 to 10 am Monday 19 August, rising much less than inflation! overlapping the Australian RD contest. are due and Marg will happily accept all Send payment to our treasurer (address on contributions to keep the club going another back of NERG NEWS) or drop in to our next NERGs plans will be discussed at the year.
    [Show full text]
  • WWVB: a Half Century of Delivering Accurate Frequency and Time by Radio
    Volume 119 (2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.119.004 Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology WWVB: A Half Century of Delivering Accurate Frequency and Time by Radio Michael A. Lombardi and Glenn K. Nelson National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 [email protected] [email protected] In commemoration of its 50th anniversary of broadcasting from Fort Collins, Colorado, this paper provides a history of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) radio station WWVB. The narrative describes the evolution of the station, from its origins as a source of standard frequency, to its current role as the source of time-of-day synchronization for many millions of radio controlled clocks. Key words: broadcasting; frequency; radio; standards; time. Accepted: February 26, 2014 Published: March 12, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.119.004 1. Introduction NIST radio station WWVB, which today serves as the synchronization source for tens of millions of radio controlled clocks, began operation from its present location near Fort Collins, Colorado at 0 hours, 0 minutes Universal Time on July 5, 1963. Thus, the year 2013 marked the station’s 50th anniversary, a half century of delivering frequency and time signals referenced to the national standard to the United States public. One of the best known and most widely used measurement services provided by the U. S. government, WWVB has spanned and survived numerous technological eras. Based on technology that was already mature and well established when the station began broadcasting in 1963, WWVB later benefitted from the miniaturization of electronics and the advent of the microprocessor, which made low cost radio controlled clocks possible that would work indoors.
    [Show full text]
  • Waveos User Guide
    WAVEOS USER GUIDE DTUS070 rev A.5 – December, 2016 Page 2 / 273 COPYRIGHT (©) ACKSYS 2016-2017 This document contains information protected by Copyright. The present document may not be wholly or partially reproduced, transcribed, stored in any computer or other system whatsoever, or translated into any language or computer language whatsoever without prior written consent from ACKSYS Communications & Systems - ZA Val Joyeux – 10, rue des Entrepreneurs - 78450 VILLEPREUX - FRANCE. REGISTERED TRADEMARKS ® Ø ACKSYS is a registered trademark of ACKSYS. Ø Linux is the registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the U.S. and other countries. Ø CISCO is a registered trademark of the CISCO company. Ø Windows is a registered trademark of MICROSOFT. Ø WireShark is a registered trademark of the Wireshark Foundation. Ø HP OpenView® is a registered trademark of Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Ø VideoLAN, VLC, VLC media player are internationally registered trademark of the French non-profit organization VideoLAN. DISCLAIMERS ACKSYS ® gives no guarantee as to the content of the present document and takes no responsibility for the profitability or the suitability of the equipment for the requirements of the user. ACKSYS ® will in no case be held responsible for any errors that may be contained in this document, nor for any damage, no matter how substantial, occasioned by the provision, operation or use of the equipment. ACKSYS ® reserves the right to revise this document periodically or change its contents without notice. DTUS070 rev A.5 – December, 2016 Page 3 / 273 REGULATORY INFORMATION AND DISCLAIMERS Installation and use of this Wireless LAN device must be in strict accordance with local regulation laws and with the instructions included in the user documentation provided with the product.
    [Show full text]
  • Reception of Low Frequency Time Signals
    Reprinted from I-This reDort show: the Dossibilitks of clock svnchronization using time signals I 9 transmitted at low frequencies. The study was madr by obsirvins pulses Vol. 6, NO. 9, pp 13-21 emitted by HBC (75 kHr) in Switxerland and by WWVB (60 kHr) in tha United States. (September 1968), The results show that the low frequencies are preferable to the very low frequencies. Measurementi show that by carefully selecting a point on the decay curve of the pulse it is possible at distances from 100 to 1000 kilo- meters to obtain time measurements with an accuracy of +40 microseconds. A comparison of the theoretical and experimental reiulb permib the study of propagation conditions and, further, shows the drsirability of transmitting I seconds pulses with fixed envelope shape. RECEPTION OF LOW FREQUENCY TIME SIGNALS DAVID H. ANDREWS P. E., Electronics Consultant* C. CHASLAIN, J. DePRlNS University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium 1. INTRODUCTION parisons of atomic clocks, it does not suffice for clock For several years the phases of VLF and LF carriers synchronization (epoch setting). Presently, the most of standard frequency transmitters have been monitored accurate technique requires carrying portable atomic to compare atomic clock~.~,*,3 clocks between the laboratories to be synchronized. No matter what the accuracies of the various clocks may be, The 24-hour phase stability is excellent and allows periodic synchronization must be provided. Actually frequency calibrations to be made with an accuracy ap- the observed frequency deviation of 3 x 1o-l2 between proaching 1 x 10-11. It is well known that over a 24- cesium controlled oscillators amounts to a timing error hour period diurnal effects occur due to propagation of about 100T microseconds, where T, given in years, variations.
    [Show full text]
  • Radio Communications in the Digital Age
    Radio Communications In the Digital Age Volume 1 HF TECHNOLOGY Edition 2 First Edition: September 1996 Second Edition: October 2005 © Harris Corporation 2005 All rights reserved Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96-94476 Harris Corporation, RF Communications Division Radio Communications in the Digital Age Volume One: HF Technology, Edition 2 Printed in USA © 10/05 R.O. 10K B1006A All Harris RF Communications products and systems included herein are registered trademarks of the Harris Corporation. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION...............................................................................1 CHAPTER 1 PRINCIPLES OF RADIO COMMUNICATIONS .....................................6 CHAPTER 2 THE IONOSPHERE AND HF RADIO PROPAGATION..........................16 CHAPTER 3 ELEMENTS IN AN HF RADIO ..........................................................24 CHAPTER 4 NOISE AND INTERFERENCE............................................................36 CHAPTER 5 HF MODEMS .................................................................................40 CHAPTER 6 AUTOMATIC LINK ESTABLISHMENT (ALE) TECHNOLOGY...............48 CHAPTER 7 DIGITAL VOICE ..............................................................................55 CHAPTER 8 DATA SYSTEMS .............................................................................59 CHAPTER 9 SECURING COMMUNICATIONS.....................................................71 CHAPTER 10 FUTURE DIRECTIONS .....................................................................77 APPENDIX A STANDARDS
    [Show full text]
  • History of Radio Broadcasting in Montana
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1963 History of radio broadcasting in Montana Ron P. Richards The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Richards, Ron P., "History of radio broadcasting in Montana" (1963). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5869. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5869 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE HISTORY OF RADIO BROADCASTING IN MONTANA ty RON P. RICHARDS B. A. in Journalism Montana State University, 1959 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Journalism MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY 1963 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dean, Graduate School Date Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number; EP36670 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT Oiuartation PVUithing UMI EP36670 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Review of the State of Infrared Detectors for Astronomy in Retrospect of the June 2002 Workshop on Scientific Detectors for Astronomy
    Review of the state of infrared detectors for astronomy in retrospect of the June 2002 Workshop on Scientific Detectors for Astronomy. Gert Fingera and James W. Beleticb a European Southern Obseravatory, D-85748 Garching, Germany b W. M. Keck Observatory 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy., Kamuela, Hi 96743, USA ABSTRACT Only two months ago, in June 2002, a workshop on scientific detectors for astronomy was held in Waimea, where for the first time both experts on optical CCD’s and infrared detectors working at the cutting edge of focal plane technology gathered. An overview of new developments in optical detectors such as CCD’s and CMOS devices will be given elsewhere in these proceedings [1]. This paper will focus on infrared detector developments carried out at the European Southern Observatory ESO and will also include selected highlights of infrared focal plane technology as presented at the Waimea workshop. Three main detector developments for ground based astronomers are currently pushing infrared focal plane technology. In the near infrared from 1 to 5 mm two technologies, both aiming for buttable 2Kx2K mosaics, will be reviewed, namely InSb and HgCdTe grown by LPE or MBE on Al2O3, Si or CdZnTe substrates. Blocked impurity band Si:As arrays cover the mid infrared spectral range from 8 to 28 mm. Since the video signal of infrared arrays, contrary to CCD’s, is DC coupled, long exposures with IR arrays are extremely susceptible to drifts and low frequency noise pick- up down to the mHz regime. New techniques to reduce thermal drifts and suppress low frequency noise with on-chip reference pixels will be discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • En 303 345 V1.1.0 (2015-07)
    Draft ETSI EN 303 345 V1.1.0 (2015-07) HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD Radio Broadcast Receivers; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU 2 Draft ETSI EN 303 345 V1.1.0 (2015-07) Reference DEN/ERM-TG17-15 Keywords broadcast, digital, radio, receiver ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
    [Show full text]
  • Maintenance of Remote Communication Facility (Rcf)
    ORDER rlll,, J MAINTENANCE OF REMOTE commucf~TIoN FACILITY (RCF) EQUIPMENTS OCTOBER 16, 1989 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION AbMINISTRATION Distribution: Selected Airway Facilities Field Initiated By: ASM- 156 and Regional Offices, ZAF-600 10/16/89 6580.5 FOREWORD 1. PURPOSE. direction authorized by the Systems Maintenance Service. This handbook provides guidance and prescribes techni- Referenceslocated in the chapters of this handbook entitled cal standardsand tolerances,and proceduresapplicable to the Standardsand Tolerances,Periodic Maintenance, and Main- maintenance and inspection of remote communication tenance Procedures shall indicate to the user whether this facility (RCF) equipment. It also provides information on handbook and/or the equipment instruction books shall be special methodsand techniquesthat will enablemaintenance consulted for a particular standard,key inspection element or personnel to achieve optimum performancefrom the equip- performance parameter, performance check, maintenance ment. This information augmentsinformation available in in- task, or maintenanceprocedure. struction books and other handbooks, and complements b. Order 6032.1A, Modifications to Ground Facilities, Order 6000.15A, General Maintenance Handbook for Air- Systems,and Equipment in the National Airspace System, way Facilities. contains comprehensivepolicy and direction concerning the development, authorization, implementation, and recording 2. DISTRIBUTION. of modifications to facilities, systems,andequipment in com- This directive is distributed to selectedoffices and services missioned status. It supersedesall instructions published in within Washington headquarters,the FAA Technical Center, earlier editions of maintenance technical handbooksand re- the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center, regional Airway lated directives . Facilities divisions, and Airway Facilities field offices having the following facilities/equipment: AFSS, ARTCC, ATCT, 6. FORMS LISTING. EARTS, FSS, MAPS, RAPCO, TRACO, IFST, RCAG, RCO, RTR, and SSO.
    [Show full text]
  • Five Years of VLF Worldwide Comparison of Atomic Frequency Standards
    RADIO SCIENCE, Vol. 2 (New Series), No. 6, June 1967 Five Years of VLF Worldwide Comparison of Atomic Frequency Standards B. E. Blair,' E. 1. Crow,2 and A. H. Morgan (Received January 19, 1967) The VLF radio broadcasts of GBR(16.0 kHz), NBA(18.0 or 24.0 kHz), and NSS(21.4 kHz) have enabled worldwide comparisons of atomic frequency standards to parts in 1O'O when received over varied paths and at distances up to 9000 or more kilometers. This paper summarizes a statistical analysis of such comparison data from laboratories in England, France, Switzerland, Sweden, Russia, Japan, Canada, and the United States during the 5-year period 1961-1965. The basic data are dif- ferences in 24-hr average frequencies between the local atomic standard and the received VLF radio signal expressed as parts in 10"'. The analysis of the more recent data finds the receiving laboratory standard deviations, &, and the transmission standard deviation, ?, to be a few parts in 10". Averag- ing frequencies over an increasing number of days has the effect of reducing iUi and ? to some extent. The variation of the & with propagation distance is studied. The VLF-LF long-term mean differences between standards are compared with the recent portable clock tests, and they agree to parts in IO". 1. Introduction points via satellites (Steele, Markowitz, and Lidback, 1964; Markowitz, Lidback, Uyeda, and Muramatsu, Six years ago in London, the XIIIth General Assem- 1966); improvements in the transmission of VLF and bly of URSI adopted a resolution (No. 2) which strongly LF radio signals (Milton, Fey, and Morgan, 1962; recommended continuous very-low-frequency (VLF) Barnes, Andrews, and Allan, 1965; Bonanomi, 1966; and low-frequency (LF) transmission monitoring US.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of HF Broadcast Antennas
    Development of HF Broadcast Antennas FEATURES FEATURES Development of HF Broadcast Antennas the 50% power loss, but made the Rhombic fre - Free Europe and Radio Liberty sites. quency-sensitive, consequently losing the wide- Rhombic antennas are no longer recommend - The Development of HF bandwidth feature. The available bandwidth ed for HF broadcasting as the main lobe is nar - depends on the length of the wire and, using dif - row in both horizontal and vertical planes which ferent lengths of transmission line, it is possible to can result in the required service area not being Broadcast Antennas access two or three different broadcast bands. reliably covered because of the variations in the A typical rhombic antenna design uses side ionosphere. There are also a large number of lengths of several wavelengths and is at a height side lobes of a size sufficient to cause interfer - Former BBC Senior Transmitter Engineer Dave Porter G4OYX continues the story of the of between 0.5-1.0 λ at the middle of the operat - ence to other broadcasters, and a significant pro - development of HF broadcast antennas from curtain arrays to Allis antennas ing frequency range. portion of the transmitter power is dissipated in the terminating resistance. THE CORNER QUADRANT ANTENNA Post War it was found that if the Rhombic Antenna was stripped down and, instead of the four elements, had just two end-fed half-wave dipoles placed at a right angle to each other (as shown in Fig. 1) the result was a simple cost- effective antenna which had properties similar to the re-entrant Rhombic but with a much smaller footprint.
    [Show full text]
  • Time Signal Stations 1By Michael A
    122 Time Signal Stations 1By Michael A. Lombardi I occasionally talk to people who can’t believe that some radio stations exist solely to transmit accurate time. While they wouldn’t poke fun at the Weather Channel or even a radio station that plays nothing but Garth Brooks records (imagine that), people often make jokes about time signal stations. They’ll ask “Doesn’t the programming get a little boring?” or “How does the announcer stay awake?” There have even been parodies of time signal stations. A recent Internet spoof of WWV contained zingers like “we’ll be back with the time on WWV in just a minute, but first, here’s another minute”. An episode of the animated Power Puff Girls joined in the fun with a skit featuring a TV announcer named Sonny Dial who does promos for upcoming time announcements -- “Welcome to the Time Channel where we give you up-to- the-minute time, twenty-four hours a day. Up next, the current time!” Of course, after the laughter dies down, we all realize the importance of keeping accurate time. We live in the era of Internet FAQs [frequently asked questions], but the most frequently asked question in the real world is still “What time is it?” You might be surprised to learn that time signal stations have been answering this question for more than 100 years, making the transmission of time one of radio’s first applications, and still one of the most important. Today, you can buy inexpensive radio controlled clocks that never need to be set, and some of us wear them on our wrists.
    [Show full text]