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NAKALA MTANDAO(ONLINE DOCUMENT) BUNGE LA TANZANIA _______ MAJADILIANO YA BUNGE _______ MKUTANO WA KUMI NA TANO Kikao cha Nne -Tarehe 5 Aprili, 2019 (Bunge Lilianza Saa Tatu Asubuhi) D U A Naibu Spika (Mhe. Dkt. Tulia Ackson) Alisoma Dua NAIBU SPIKA: Waheshimiwa tukae. Katibu! NDG. ATHUMANI HUSSEIN – KATIBU MEZANI: MASWALI NA MAJIBU NAIBU SPIKA: Waheshimiwa Wabunge, maswali, tutaanza na Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu, Mheshimiwa Maulid Said Mtulia, Mbunge wa Kinondoni, sasa aulize swali lake. Na 24 Idadi ya Watu Wenye Ulemavu Nchini MHE. MAULID S. MTULIA aliuliza:- Walemavu wana mahitaji maalum ukilinganisha na watu wasiokuwa na Ulemavu na idadi ya walemavu imekua ikiongezeka siku hadi siku kutokana na ajali za barabarani hasa zitokanazo na usafiri wa bodaboda:- (a) Je, Serikali inaweza kutoa orodha ya idadi ya watu wenye ulemavu nchini kwa kuzingatia makundi yao kwa asilimia? 1 NAKALA MTANDAO(ONLINE DOCUMENT) (b) Je, Serikali ina mpango gani mahususi wa kuwajengea uwezo wa kujitegemea watu wenye ulemavu hasa Vijana, Watoto na Wanawake ili kuondoa utamaduni wa kuendesha maisha yao kwa kuombaomba? NAIBU SPIKA: Mheshimiwa Waziri wa Nchi, Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu, Mheshimiwa Stella Ikupa Alex, majibu. NAIBU WAZIRI, OFISI YA WAZIRI MKUU (WATU WENYE ULEMAVU) alijibu:- Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, kwa niaba ya Mheshimiwa Waziri Mkuu, naomba kujibu swali la Mheshimiwa Maulid Said Mtulia, Mbunge wa Kinondoni lenye kipengele (a) na (b) kama ifuatavyo:- Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, kwa mujibu wa taarifa ya Sensa ya Taifa ya Watu na Makazi ya Mwaka 2012 iliyotolewa na Ofisi ya Taifa ya Takwimu, idadi ya Watu wenye Ulemavu kwa kuzingatia makundi yao na kwa asilimia ni kama ifuatavyo:- Watu wenye Ualbino ni 16,477 sawa na 0.04%; walemavu wasioona ni 848,530, sawa na 1.93%; walemavu ambao ni viziwi ni 425,322, swan a 0.97%; walemavu wa viungo ni 525,019, sawa na 1.19%; walemavu wa kumbukumbu ni 401,931, sawa na 0.91%; walemavu wa kujihudumia ni 324,725, sawa na 0.74%; na Ulemavu mwingine, yaani kwa ujumla wake ni 99,798, sawa na 0.23%. Kulinganisha na takwimu hizo jumla ya watu wenye ulemavu, kwa mujibu wa Sensa ya mwaka 2012 ni watu 2,641,802. Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, Serikali hivi sasa inakamilisha zoezi la uanzishwaji wa regista ambayo itasaidia kupata takwimu sahihi ya watu wenye ulemavu katika maeneo yote ya mijini na vijijini. Faida nyingine ya kuanzisha regista hizi zitatusaidia pia kutambua sababu za kuongezeka kwa ulemavu katika kila eneo na changamoto zinazowakabili. 2 NAKALA MTANDAO(ONLINE DOCUMENT) Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, katika kuhakikisha watu wote wenye ulemavu hasa vijana, watoto na wanawake hawaachwi nyuma kiuchumi, Serikali inaendelea kuwajengea uwezo kuhakikisha watoto wote ikiwa ni pamoja na wenye ulemavu wanapata elimu ya msingi na sekondari ili kuwajengea uwezo wa kujitegemea. Pia inatoa elimu na mafunzo ya ufundi stadi kwa makundi ya vijana na wanawake wenye ulemavu kupitia vyuo vya watu wenye ulemavu na programu ya kukuza ujizi hapa nchini. Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, aidha, ili kuhakikisha watu wenye ulemavu wanawezeshwa kiuchumi, Serikali inatoa mkopo wa fedha ya asilimia mbili (2%) zinazotokana na mapato ya ndani ya Halmashauri. Hata hivyo, mipango yote ya uwezeshaji kiuchumi nchini ni jumuishi ikiwajumuisha pia watu wenye ulemavu. NAIBU SPIKA: Mheshimiwa Maulid Said Mtulia, swali la nyongeza. MHE. MAULID S. MTULIA: Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, ahsante sana kwa kunipa fursa hii adhimu ya kuuliza swali la nyongeza. Kwanza, niipongeze Serikali kwa majibu mazuri ya kitakwimu na naamini kwa majibu haya na kuonesha kwamba tuna walemavu zaidi ya milioni mbili, itasaidia Serikali yetu kuja na mpango mkakati wa namna gani ya kuwasaidia. Nina maswali mawili ya nyongeza kama ifuatavyo:- Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, swali la kwanza, kwa kuwa, hapo Dar es Salaam Mkuu wetu wa Mkoa alileta mpango kuleta vifaa vya kuwasaidia walemavu na walemavu wengi sana wakajitokeza, ikionesha kwamba kuna shida hiyo. Je, Serikali ina mpango gani sasa wa kuhakikisha inawajengea uwezo walemavu, kwa maana wa viungo kuwaletea viungo ili wawe na uwezo wa kujitegemea wenyewe na wale wa kusikia wapate viungo vya kusikia ili waweze kujitegemea wenyewe na walemavu wengine? Pia, je, Serikali ina mpango gani wa kuwajengea uwezo ili kupunguza athali ya ulemavu kwa kutumia viungo bandia? 3 NAKALA MTANDAO(ONLINE DOCUMENT) Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, swali la pili… NAIBU SPIKA: Mheshimiwa mbona umeuliza kwa nini mbili hapo, kuna swali lingine tena! Maswali ni mawili tu na umeshataja kwa nini mbili, kwa hiyo maana yake maswali yako mawili, maana nisije nikakosea kanuni hapa itakuwa balaa. Mheshimiwa Ikupa Stella Alex, majibu! NAIBU WAZIRI, OFISI YA WAZIRI MKUU (WATU WENYE ULEMAVU): Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, naomba kujibu maswali mawili ya nyongeza ya Mheshimiwa Maulid Said Mtulia, Mbunge wa Kinondoni kwa pamoja kama ifuatavyo:- Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, kwanza naomba nimpongeza Mheshimiwa Maulid Mtulia kwa jinsi ambavyo anafuatilia masuala ya watu wenye ulemavu. Pia naomba niweze kumjibu Mheshimiwa Mbunge, kwamba Serikali imekuwa na mipango mingi kwa upande wa uwezeshaji kwa watu wenye ulemavu, ikiwemo kuwapatia vifaa saidizi. Kwa sababu tunafahamu kwamba, mtu mwenye ulemavu, kulingana na aina yake ya ulemavu, asipowezeshwa kwa upande wa vifaa visaidizi, hawezi kujimudu. Kwa kuliangalia hilo, Serikali imekuwa ikitenga bajeti, lakini pia kwa kushirikiana na wadau mbalimbali, tumekuwa tukigawa vifaa visaidizi kwa watu wenye ulemavu. Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, sambamba na hilo, kwa kundi hili la watu wenye ulemavu, ili kuhakikisha kwamba wanaweza kufanya vizuri kama ambavyo nimeongea kwenye jibu langu la msingi, ni kwamba tumekuwa tukihakikisha kwamba tunawajengea uwezo kwa kuwawezesha katika maeneo mbalimbali, ikiwemo kuhakikisha kwamba pia hata programmes ambazo tunakuwa tunaziandaa zinakuwa ni jumuishi kwa watu wenye ulemavu. Kwa hiyo, suala la vifaa kwa watu wenye ulemavu, tumekuwa tukilifanya kama Serikali. Tunaona hata katika shule zetu, tumekuwa tukitenga bajeti ambayo tunanunua vifaa visaidizi na kuvigawa kwenye shule zetu, lakini haviishii tu kwenye shule, tunavipeleka hata kwa watu ambao siyo wanafunzi. 4 NAKALA MTANDAO(ONLINE DOCUMENT) NAIBU SPIKA: Mheshimiwa Naibu Waziri wa Afya, Maendeleo ya Jamii, Jinsia, Wazee na Watoto, majibu ya nyongeza. NAIBU WAZIRI WA AFYA, MAENDELEO YA JAMII, JINSIA, WAZEE NA WATOTO: Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, pamoja na majibu mazuri ambayo ameyatoa Mheshimiwa Naibu Waziri, nataka niongezee kidogo katika majibu hayo. Kwanza Serikali imeondoa kodi katika baadhi ya vifaa saidizi kwa kutambua kwamba kuna kikundi ndani ya nchi yetu ambacho wanavihitaji vile vifaa na vinaweza vikawasaidia kuwa na maisha bora, kodi hizo katika baadhi ya vifaa zimeondolewa. Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, vile vile nilikuwa nataka niwape taarifa tu Waheshimiwa Wabunge, kuanzia mwezi huu wa Aprili, Hospitali ya Mifupa MOI, wataanza zoezi la kufanya upimaji pamoja na kutoa vifaa, viungo bandia kwa baadhi ya wale walemavu ambao wanavihitaji. Kwa hiyo, naomba kupitia Waheshimiwa Wabunge kutoa taarifa kwa watu hawa ambao wanahitaji viungo bandia, basi kufika katika Hospitali ya Taifa, MOI kwa ajili ya kuweza kupata vifaa hivyo. Hata hivyo, katika masuala ya vifaa vya usikivu tumekuwa tunaendelea na kampeni katika Hospitali ya Taifa ya Muhimbili vya kupandikiza vifaa vya usikivu, lakini vilevile kutoa vifaa saidizi kwa wale watoto ambao wanahitaji vifaa hivyo. NAIBU SPIKA: Mheshimiwa Anthony Komu, swali la nyongeza. MHE. ANTHONY C. KOMU: Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, nakushukuru sana kwa kunipa nafasi ya kuuliza swali dogo moja la nyongeza. Kwa kutambua mahitaji makubwa ya walemavu wananchi wa Moshi Vijijini kwa kushirikiana na Padri Apolnarys Ngao ambaye anaishi Ujerumani na marafiki zake kule Ujerumani, tunajenga kituo kikubwa cha walemavu kule Parokia ya Mawela. Naomba kumuuliza Waziri kama atakuwa tayari kuja kuona hii jitihada, kuitambua na kuhamasisha michango zaidi ili kuweza kufanikishi hii nia njema? (Makofi) 5 NAKALA MTANDAO(ONLINE DOCUMENT) NAIBU SPIKA: Mheshimiwa Naibu Waziri, unaomba kwenda huko kwa Mheshimiwa Anthony Komu, majibu. NAIBU WAZIRI, OFISI YA WAZIRI MKUU (WATU WENYE ULEMAVU): Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, naomba kujibu swali la Mheshimiwa Anthony Komu kama ifuatavyo:- Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, Mheshimiwa ameomba niweze kwenda kwenye hicho kituo ambacho kinaandaliwa sasa hivi, kwanza niwapongeze kwa hilo wazo jema kwa kundi hili la watu wenye walemavu. Mimi nikiwa kama Naibu Waziri mwenye dhamana hiyo, naomba niseme kwamba niko tayari. NAIBU SPIKA: Mheshimiwa Venance Mwamoto, Balozi wa Watu Wenye Ulemavu Nchini, swali. MHE. VENANCE M. MWAMOTO: Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, pamoja na kazi nzuri ambazo zinafanywa na Serikali, kundi la watu wenye ulemavu limeongezeka na ni walemavu wa tofauti. Je, sasa Mheshimiwa Naibu Waziri atakubali kukutana na makundi hayo ili iwe rahisi kuwasaidia kwa sababu wana changamoto zinazotofautiana? NAIBU SPIKA: Mheshimiwa Naibu Waziri, Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu, majibu. NAIBU WAZIRI, OFISI YA WAZIRI MKUU (WATU WENYE ULEMAVU): Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, naomba kujibu swali la Mheshimiwa Venance Mwamoto, Mbunge wa Kilolo, Balozi wa Watu Wenye Ulemavu, lakini pia babu yangu kama ifuatavyo:- Mheshimiwa Naibu Spika, kwanza, naomba nimpongeze sana Mheshimiwa Mwamoto, hajaanza leo kuhakikisha kwamba masuala ya watu wenye ulemavu yanakaa sawa, toka akiwa DC anafanya hivyo. Nimhakikishie Mheshimiwa Mbunge kwamba, nimefanya ziara nyingi hapa Tanzania kwenye mikoa mingi na katika zile ziara zangu, ni lazima nikutane na makundi ya watu wenye ulemavu. Kwa 6 NAKALA MTANDAO(ONLINE DOCUMENT) hiyo,
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    TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity? TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity? With Partial Support from a TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity? ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This review was compiled and edited by Tanzania Development Research Group (TADREG) under the supervision of the Steering Group of Policy Forum members, and has been financially supported in part by Water Aid in Tanzania and Policy Forum core funders. The cartoons were drawn by Adam Lutta Published 2013 For more information and to order copies of the review please contact: Policy Forum P.O Box 38486 Dar es Salaam Tel: +255 22 2780200 Website: www.policyforum.or.tz Email: [email protected] ISBN: 978-9987 -708-09-3 © Policy Forum The conclusions drawn and views expressed on the basis of the data and analysis presented in this review do not necessarily reflect those of Policy Forum. Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of the information contained in this review, including allegations. Nevertheless, Policy Forum cannot guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the contents. Whereas any part of this review may be reproduced providing it is properly sourced, Policy Forum cannot accept responsibility for the consequences of its use for other purposes or in other contexts. Designed by: Jamana Printers b TANZANIA GOVERNANCE REVIEW 2012: Transparency with Impunity? TABLE OF CONTENTS POLICY FORUM’s OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................
  • Issued by the Britain-Tanzania Society No 124 Sept 2019

    Issued by the Britain-Tanzania Society No 124 Sept 2019

    Tanzanian Affairs Issued by the Britain-Tanzania Society No 124 Sept 2019 Feathers Ruffled in CCM Plastic Bag Ban TSh 33 trillion annual budget Ben Taylor: FEATHERS RUFFLED IN CCM Two former Secretary Generals of the ruling party, CCM, Abdulrahman Kinana and Yusuf Makamba, stirred up a very public argument at the highest levels of the party in July. They wrote a letter to the Elders’ Council, an advisory body within the party, warning of the dangers that “unfounded allegations” in a tabloid newspaper pose to the party’s “unity, solidarity and tranquillity.” Selection of newspaper covers from July featuring the devloping story cover photo: President Magufuli visits the fish market in Dar-es-Salaam following the plastic bag ban (see page 5) - photo State House Politics 3 This refers to the frequent allegations by publisher, Mr Cyprian Musiba, in his newspapers and on social media, that several senior figures within the party were involved in a plot to undermine the leadership of President John Magufuli. The supposed plotters named by Mr Musiba include Kinana and Makamba, as well as former Foreign Affairs Minister, Bernard Membe, various opposition leaders, government officials and civil society activists. Mr Musiba has styled himself as a “media activist” seeking to “defend the President against a plot to sabotage him.” His publications have consistently backed President Magufuli and ferociously attacked many within the party and outside, on the basis of little or no evidence. Mr Makamba and Mr Kinana, who served as CCM’s secretary generals between 2009 to 2011 and 2012-2018 respectively, called on the party’s elders to intervene.
  • Bspeech 2008-09

    Bspeech 2008-09

    HOTUBA YA WAZIRI WA KILIMO CHAKULA NA USHIRIKA, MHESHIMIWA STEPHEN MASATO WASIRA (MB) KUHUSU MAKADIRIO YA MATUMIZI YA FEDHA YA WIZARA YA KILIMO CHAKULA NA USHIRIKA KWA MWAKA 2008/2009 UTANGULIZI 1. Mheshimiwa Spika, naomba kutoa hoja kwamba Bunge lako Tukufu baada ya kuzingatia taarifa iliyowasilishwa hapa Bungeni leo na Mwenyekiti wa Kamati ya Bunge ya Kilimo Mifugo na Maji inayohusu Wizara ya Kilimo Chakula na Ushirika, sasa lijadili na kukubali kupitisha makadirio ya Matumizi ya Kawaida na ya Maendeleo ya Wizara ya Kilimo Chakula na Ushirika kwa mwaka wa Fedha wa 2008/2009. 2. Mheshimiwa Spika, awali ya yote nitumie fursa hii kuungana na Watanzania wenzangu kumpongeza Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, Mheshimiwa Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete kwa kuchaguliwa kwake kuwa Mwenyekiti wa Umoja wa Afrika. Kuchaguliwa kwake, na mchango wake alioutoa tangu kuchaguliwa kwake kuwa Mwenyekiti wa Umoja huo umelijengea Taifa letu heshima kubwa katika medani ya kimataifa. Aidha, uongozi wake na juhudi zake za kupambana na maovu katika jamii yetu, licha ya kusimamia utekelezaji wa Ilani ya Chama cha Mapinduzi kwa ajili ya Uchaguzi wa Mwaka 2005 ni kielelezo dhahiri kuwa ni kiongozi anayejali haki na maendeleo ya nchi yetu. Juhudi zake hizo zimedhihirisha uwezo wake mkubwa wa kuongoza na utumishi wake uliotukuka aliouonyesha katika nyadhifa mbali mbali alizowahi kushika katika Serikali na Chama cha Mapinduzi. Wananchi wanaendelea kuwa na imani na matumaini makubwa kwa uwezo wake katika kuliongoza Taifa letu. 1 3. Mheshimiwa Spika, nitumie fursa hii pia kumpongeza Mheshimiwa Mizengo Kayanza Peter Pinda (MB) kwa kuteuliwa kwake kuwa Waziri Mkuu wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania.
  • Tarehe 4 Aprili, 2019

    Tarehe 4 Aprili, 2019

    NAKALA MTANDAO(ONLINE DOCUMENT) BUNGE LA TANZANIA ________ MAJADILIANO YA BUNGE _________ MKUTANO WA KUMI NA TANO Kikao cha Tatu – Tarehe 4 Aprili, 2019 (Bunge Lilianza Saa Tatu Asubuhi) D U A Spika (Mhe. Job Y. Ndugai) Alisoma Dua SPIKA: Waheshimiwa Wabunge, naomba tukae. Leo ni kikao cha tatu cha Mkutano wetu wa Kumi na Tano. Katibu! NDG. STEPHEN KAGAIGAI – KATIBU WA BUNGE: HATI ZILIZOWASILISHWA MEZANI: Hati Zifuatazo Ziliwasilishwa Mezani na:- WAZIRI WA NCHI, OFISI YA WAZIRI MKUU, SERA, BUNGE, AJIRA, KAZI VIJANA NA WAZEE NA WENYE ULEMAVU: Taarifa ya Bajeti ya Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu kwa mwaka wa fedha 2019/2020. MHE. MOHAMED O. MCHENGERWA - MWENYEKITI WA KAMATI YA KUDUMU YA BUNGE YA KATIBA NA SHERIA: Taarifa 1 NAKALA MTANDAO(ONLINE DOCUMENT) ya Kamati ya Kudumu ya Bunge ya Katiba na Sheria kuhusu utekelezaji wa majukumu ya Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu kwa mwaka wa fedha 2018/2019 pamoja na Maoni ya Kamati kuhusu Makadirio ya Mapato na Matumizi ya Ofisi hiyo kwa mwaka wa fedha 2019/2020. MHE. HASNA S.K. MWILIMA (K.n.y. MWENYEKITI WA KAMATI YA KUDUMU YA BUNGE YA BAJETI): Taarifa ya Kamati ya Kudumu ya Bunge ya Bajeti kuhusu utekelezaji wa Bajeti ya Mfuko wa Bunge kwa Mwaka wa Fedha 2018/2019 pamoja na Maoni ya Kamati kuhusu Makadirio ya Mapato na Matumizi ya Mfuko huo kwa Mwaka wa Fedha 2019/2020. MHE. DKT. JASMINE T. BUNGA - MAKAMU MWENYEKITI WA KAMATI YA KUDUMU YA BUNGE YA MASUALA YA UKIMWI: Taarifa ya Kamati ya Kudumu ya Bunge ya Masuala ya UKIMWI kuhusu utekelezaji wa Bajeti ya Ofisi ya Waziri Mkuu (Tume ya Uratibu na Udhibiti wa UKIMWI) kwa mwaka wa fedha 2018/2019 pamoja na Maoni ya Kamati kuhusu Makadirio ya Mapato na Matumizi ya Ofisi hiyo kwa mwaka wa fedha 2019/2020.
  • Did They Perform? Assessing fi Ve Years of Bunge 2005-2010

    Did They Perform? Assessing fi Ve Years of Bunge 2005-2010

    Policy Brief: TZ.11/2010E Did they perform? Assessing fi ve years of Bunge 2005-2010 1. Introducti on On July 16th 2010, following the completi on of the 20th session of the Bunge, the President of Tanzania dissolved the 9th Parliament. This event marked the end of the term for Members of Parliament who were elected during the 2005 general electi ons. Now that the last session has been completed it allows us to look back and to consider how MPs performed during their tenure. Did they parti cipate acti vely and represent their consti tuencies by asking questi ons and making interventi ons, or were they silent backbenchers? The Bunge is the Supreme Legislature of Tanzania. The Bunge grants money for running the administrati on and oversees government programs and plans. The Bunge oversees the acti ons of the Executi ve and serves as watchdog to ensure that government is accountable to its citi zens. To achieve all this, Members of Parliament pass laws, authorize taxati on and scruti nize government policies including proposal for expenditure; and debate major issues of the day. For the Bunge to eff ecti vely carry out its oversight role, acti ve parti cipati on by Members of Parliament is criti cal. MPs can be acti ve by making three kinds of interventi ons: they can ask basic questi ons, they can ask supplementary questi ons and they can make contributi ons during debates. This brief follows earlier briefs, the last of which was released in August 2010. It presents seven facts on the performance of MPs, including rati ng who were the most acti ve and least acti ve MPs.
  • Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online

    Coversheet for Thesis in Sussex Research Online

    A University of Sussex DPhil thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Accountability and Clientelism in Dominant Party Politics: The Case of a Constituency Development Fund in Tanzania Machiko Tsubura Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Development Studies University of Sussex January 2014 - ii - I hereby declare that this thesis has not been and will not be submitted in whole or in part to another University for the award of any other degree. Signature: ……………………………………… - iii - UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX MACHIKO TSUBURA DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES ACCOUNTABILITY AND CLIENTELISM IN DOMINANT PARTY POLITICS: THE CASE OF A CONSTITUENCY DEVELOPMENT FUND IN TANZANIA SUMMARY This thesis examines the shifting nature of accountability and clientelism in dominant party politics in Tanzania through the analysis of the introduction of a Constituency Development Fund (CDF) in 2009. A CDF is a distinctive mechanism that channels a specific portion of the government budget to the constituencies of Members of Parliament (MPs) to finance local small-scale development projects which are primarily selected by MPs.