Fifty Fifth Annual Report of the State Mosquito Control Commission for the Fiscal Year Covering the Period from July 1, 2010 Through June 30, 2011

FIFTY FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

STATE MOSQUITO CONTROL COMMISSION

OF THE

STATE OF NEW JERSEY

For the Fiscal Year commencing July 1, 2010 and ending June 30, 2011

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library FIFTY .FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT

NEW JERSEY STATE MOSQUITO CONTROL COMMISSION

2011

STA TE OF NEW JERSEY CHRIS CHRISTIE, GOVERNOR

N.J. DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION BOB MARTIN, COMMISSIONER

Report prepared by the Office of Mosquito Control Coordination, N .J. Department of Environmental Protection Robert Kent, Administrator Claudia O'Malley, Principal Biologist Steven Csorgo, Jr., Assistant Biologist Kimberly Johnson, Secretary

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION CHRIS CHRISTIE STATE MOSQUITO CONTROL COMMISSION BOB MARTIN Govenor PO BOX 420 TRENTON, NJ 08625-0400 Commissioner TELEPHONE: 600-292-3649 FAX: 609-633-0650 KIM GUADAGNO Lt. Govenor

To: The Honorable Chris Christie, Governor The Honorable Kim Guadagno, Lt. Governor and members of the Senate and the General Assembly of the State of New Jersey

In accordance with the provisions of Title 26 Chapter 9: 12.6, we are pleased to submit the Fifty Fifth Annual Report of the State Mosquito Control Commission for the Fiscal Year covering the period from July 1, 2010 through June 30, 2011.

Respectfully, )~

ohn Samas, M.A., H.O., Chairman Howard Emerson, H.O., Vice Chairman Kenneth Bruder, Ph.D. George Shivery, John Surmay, R.Ph., H.O. George Van Orden, Ph.D., H.O. Mark Mayer,M.S. Anthony Petrongolo, M.S. Shereen Semple, M.S. Mark Robson, Ph.D., M.P.H.

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You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library TABLE OF CONTENTS

Members of the State Mosquito Control Commission ...... ii

Commission Activities and Highlights - Fiscal Year 2011 ...... iii

Equipment Use Program ...... 1

Mosquito Airspray Program ...... 7

Biological Control Program ...... 9

Monitoring the Efficacy of Insecticides for Mosquito Control in New Jersey ...... 11

New Jersey Statewide Adult Mosquito Surveillance ...... 17

Surveillance for the Mosquito Vectors of Eastern Equine encephalitis and West Nile Virus in New Jersey ...... 55

Financial Statement - Fiscal Year 2011...... 84

Commission-Supported Publications and Presentations ...... 87

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library MEMBERS OF THE STATE MOSQUITO CONTROL COMMISSION

John Samas, M.A., H.O., Chairman Hudson County

Howard Emerson, Vice Chairman Camden County

Kenneth W. Bruder, Ph.D. Ocean County

George Shivery Gloucester County

John Surmay, R.Ph., H.O. Union County

George Van Orden, Ph.D., H.O. Morris County

Bob Martin, Commissioner N .J. Department of Ex Officio Environmental Protection

Mary E. O'Dowd, M.P.H. Commissioner N.J. Department of Ex Officio Health & Senior Services

Douglas Fisher, Ph.D. N .J. Department of Ex Officio Agriculture

Robert Goodman, Ph.D. N.J. Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University

Robert Kent, Secretary N.J. Department of Environmental Protection

The following individuals served as representatives for the various ex officio members during the year:

Shereen Semple, M.S. N .J. Department of Health & Senior Services

Anthony Petrongolo, M.S. N.J. Department of Environmental Protection

Mark Mayer, M.S. N .J. Department of Agriculture

Mark Robson, Ph.D., M.P.H. N.J. Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library COMMISSION ACTIVITIES AND HIGHLIGHTS DURING FISCAL YEAR2011

During the fiscal year 2010-2011, the State Mosquito Control Commission continued to monitor and address those issues, activities and legislation of importance to the mosquito control interests in New Jersey. Official meetings of the New Jersey State Mosquito Control Commission were held monthly during the year on the following dates and at the following locations:

DATE LOCATION

July 20, 2010 NJ Division of Fish and Wildlife Management, Upper Freehold, NJ. August 17, 2010 Conference Room in the Railroad Terminal Building, Jersey City, N.J.

September 21, 2010 Office of Mosquito Control Coordination, DEP, Trenton, N.J. October 19, 2010 Office of Mosquito Control Coordination, DEP, Trenton, N.J. November 16, 2010 Monmouth County Mosquito Commission Eatontown, NJ December 2010 No Meeting Scheduled January 18, 2011 Office of Mosquito Control Coordination, DEP, Trenton, N .J. February 15, 2011 No Meeting Scheduled March 15, 2011 Office of Mosquito Control Coordination, DEP, Trenton, NJ April 19, 2011 Rutgers ECO Complex, Bordentown, NJ May 17, 2011 No Meeting Scheduled June 21, 2011 Middlesex County Mosquito Commission South Brunswick, N.J.

111

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library In addition to the regularly scheduled meetings, the commissioners participated in numerous committee meetings and conforences with local, state and federal officials regarding mosquito control related matters. All business meetings were announced and held in compliance with the Open Public Meeting Law. P.L. 1975. C231.

The following six reports detail major issues that were anticipated and addressed. The first three: Equipment Use, Mosquito Airspray and Biological Control were managed by the staff of the Office of Mosquito Control Coordination within NJ-DEP. By way of this work and through other contact with the county mosquito control agencies; this office helps keep the Commission informed of the mosquito problems throughout the state. The other three reports are based on . Professional Services contracted with Rutgers the State University of NJ.

Please note in the Financial Statement that a Professional Service contract for Quality Control and Assurance is listed but no report is given. The work under this contract was just beginning during the time period of this Annual Report. The current work and pending report will help assure consistent, quality sampling and preparation of mosquitoes by the count agencies when they submit mosquitoes for disease testing.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library State Equipment Use Program

The State Mosquito Control Commission has in its inventory 125 pieces of equipment available to the mosquito control community as part of its Equipment Use Program (Table 1). This pr.ograms purchases and assigns research, surveillance or operational control equipment to the requesting mosquito control agency on an as-needed basis. The equipment is used and maintained under the Department of Environmental Protection's Equipment Use Agreement and the State Mosquito Control Commission's "Guidelines for the Use and Repair of State-Owned Equipment". During fiscal year 2011, twenty of the twenty-one New Jersey county mosquito control agencies, as well as the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station at Rutgers University, the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection's Division of Fish and Wildlife and the Office of Mosquito Control Coordination, utilized this equipment.

While no requests for new equipment were made during the course of the fiscal year, delivery of a climate-controlled insecticide storage building was taken in November of 2010. The prefabricated building was purchased with funds from the state's Capital Planning and Budget Commission. The building is housed at the Division of Parks and Forestry's Forest Fire Division C Equipment Maintenance Yard in Mays Landing, and will be used to store liquid formulations of insecticides used in the State Airspray Program.

A total of $42, 551.65 was expended for repairs to four pieces of state-owned equipment during the course of the fiscal year. This included $2,539.00 for emergency repairs to SMCC #3, the hydraulic rotary excavator assigned to the Atlantic County Office of Mosquito Control. The repairs were performed in order to strengthen eight weight-bearing supports on the machine. An additional $34,000.00 was allocated for repairs to the pontoons and to purchase of track chain for this hydraulic rotary excavator; these repairs had not yet been completed by the end of the fiscal year. $4,903.98 was spent on repairs to SMCC #49, the bulldozer/backhoe assigned to the Warren County Mosquito Control Commission, and $730.00 was expended on repairs to SMCC #83, the ultra-low temperature freezer also assigned to Warren County. It should be noted that the funds for the latter two repairs came from an encumbrance made in fiscal year 2008, which had not been fully expended .. Finally, SMCC #125, the ultra-low temperature freezer assigned to the Cumberland County Department of Mosquito Control, was repaired at a cost of $378.67.

SMCC # 8, a long-reach hydraulic excavator assigned to Salem County Mosquito Control, was surrendered when that county's administration purchased a similar machine. The excavator was subsequently requested by and transferred to the Cape May County Department of Mosquito Control. The Mercer County Division of Mosquito Control surrendered SMCC #31, a stereo microscope no longer needed since Mercer County had purchased its own microscope. Similarly, the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station surrendered SMCC #27, an ultra-low temperature freezer which was no longer being used. Neither piece of equipment had been transferred by the end of the fiscal year.

Interagency cooperation has long been a hallmark of the State Commission's Equipment Use Program, and this fiscal year saw another example of this. The Monmouth County Mosquito Extermination Commission found itself in dire straights when one of their excavators was destroyed in a fire while working on a permitted water management project. The county's other small excavator happened to be down for extensive repairs at this time, and Monmouth County was in extreme need of a replacement

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library excavator in order to complete work on the project. The· State Mosquito Control Commission stepped into the breach, and arranged for the temporary transfer to the Monmouth County Mosquito Extermination Commission of. SMCC # 7, a low ground pressure hydraulic excavator assigned to Salem County Mosquito Control. This enabled Monmouth County to complete work on the water management project, and the excavator was returned to Salem County prior to the end of the fiscal year.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Table 1. State Mosquito Control Commission Equipment

No. TIJ!e of EguiJ!ment Location 1 1992 Amphibious Hydraulic Rotary Excavator Cape May· 2 1987 Amphibious Hydraulic Rotary Excavator Ocean 3 1995 Amphibious Hydraulic Rotary Excavator Atlantic 4 2007 Amphibious Tracked Vehicle State 5 · 2003 Long-Reach Hydraulic Excavator Essex/Morris 6 2003 Low Ground Pressure Hydraulic Excavator Warren 7 2003 Low Ground Pressure Hydraulic Excavator Salem 8 1992 Long-Reach Hydraulic Excavator Cape May 9 Vacant 10 1995 Amphibious Long-Reach Hydraulic Excavator Salem 11 1986 Hydraulic Excavator Div. Fish & Wildlife 12 2003 Low Ground Pressure Hydraulic Excavator Cumberland 13 2002 Hydraulic Excavator Atlantic 14 2002 All-Terrain Vehicle Ocean 15 2002 All-Terrain Vehicle Trailer Ocean 16 1983 Tracked Vehicle Essex 17 1985 Widetrack Bulldozer/Backhoe Salem 18 1972 17 Foot Boat Atlantic 19 2002 Outboard Motor Atlantic 20 2002 Boat Trailer Atlantic 21 1988 13 Foot Boat Burlington 22 1988 Boat Trailer Burlington 23 2002 Outboard Motor Burlington 24 1988 Stereo Microscope w/optics Warren 25 2008 U.L.V. Machine Warren 25 2008 Spray Recording N ehicle Monitoring System Warren 26 2008 U.L.V. Machine Passaic 26 2008 Spray Recording N ehicle Monitoring System Passaic 27 1994 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Rutgers 28 1995 U.L.V. Machine Salem 28 2007 Variable Flow Control Salem 29 1995 U.L.V. Machine Cumberland 30 1995 U.L.V. Machine Sussex 30 2006 Spray Recording N ehicle Monitoring System Sussex 31 2003 Stereo Microscope w/optics Mercer 32 1995 Turbine Sprayer Cumberland 33 1995 U.L.V. Machine Gloucester 34 1981 Phase-Contrast Microscope Hudson 34 1981 Power Pak Hudson 34 1981 Camera Hudson 35 Vacant 36 2004 Incubator Rutgers 37 1987 Stereo Microscope w/optics Camden

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library 38 1987 Stereo Microscope w/optics Hudson 39 1992 U .L. V. Machine Cumberland 40 Vacant 41 1988 Biosafety Cabinet Rutgers 42 1977 Flatbed Truck Sussex 43 2002 2WD Pickup Truck w/cap Morris 44 1987 20-Ton Trailer Salem 45 1976 Compound Microscope State 46 1977 Compound Microscope Rutgers 47 1977 Stereo Microscope Rutgers 48 1977 Stereo Microscope Rutgers 49 1980 Bulldozer/Backhoe Warren 50 1980 Rotary Ditcher Attachment Salem 51 2005 Tabletop Autoclave Hunterdon 52 1984 Stereo Microscope w/optics Monmouth 53 Vacant 54 2002 4x4 Pickup Truck w/cap State 55 1985 Hydraulic Excavator Essex 56 1988 6" Water Pump Cape May 57 1989 Stereo Microscope w/optics Atlantic 58 1989 All-Terrain Vehicle Salem 59 1989 All-Terrain Vehicle Trailer Salem 60 1990 Stereo Microscope w/optics Sussex 61 1990 20-Ton Trailer Warren 62 1996 All-Terrain Vehicle Monmouth 63 1996 All-Terrain Vehicle Trailer Monmouth 64 1997 Turbine Sprayer Gloucester 65 1997 17 Foot Boat Ocean 66 2007 Outboard Motor Ocean 67 1998 Boat Trailer Ocean 68 2000 Stereo Microscope w/optics Hunterdon 69 2007 U.L.V. Machine Hunterdo!l 69 2007 Spray Recording /Vehicle Monitoring System Hunterdon 70 2007 U .L. V. Machine Burlington 70 2007 Spray Recording /Vehicle Monitoring System Burlington 71 2007 U.L.V. Machine Essex 71 2007 Spray Recording N ehicle Monitoring System Essex 72 Vacant 73 2007 U.L.V. Machine Atlantic 73 2007 Spray Recording /Vehicle Monitoring System Atlantic 74 2007 U .L. V. Machine Hunterdon 74 2007 Spray Recording N ehicle Monitoring System Hunterdon 75 2000 U.L.V. Machine Gloucester 76 2001 Power Sprayer Hunterdon 77 2000 U.L.V. Machine Salem 78 2001 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Bergen

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library 79 2001 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Middlesex 80 2001 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Monmouth 81 2001 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Morris 82 2001 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Salem 83 2001 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Warren 84 2001 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Camden 85 2001 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Sussex 86 2001 U.L.V. Machine Sussex 86 2006 Spray Recording Nehicle Monitoring System Sussex 87 2001 Insecticide Applicator Sussex 88 2004 Power Sprayer Essex 89 2001 4x4 Pickup Truck w/cap Atlantic 90 2002 17 Foot Boat Ocean 91 2002 Outboard Motor Ocean 92 2002 Boat Trailer Ocean 93 2002 All-Terrain Vehicie Gloucester 94 2002 All-Terrain Vehicle Trailer Gloucester 95 2002 All-Terrain Vehicle Essex 96 2002 All-Terrain Vehicle Hunterdon 97 2002 All-Terrain Vehicle Trailer Hunterdon 98 2002 4x4 Pickup Truck State 99 2002 All-Terrain Vehicle Sussex 100 2002 All-Terrain Vehicle Trailer Sussex 101 2002 Acoustic Storm Drain System Sussex 102 2002 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Rutgers 103 2002 All-Terrain Vehicle Bergen 104 2002 All-Terrain Vehicle Trailer Bergen 105 2002 U.L.V. Machine Salem 106 2002 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Burlington 107 2002 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Mercer 108 2002 U.L.V. Machine Cumberland 109 2002 U.L.V. Machine Essex 110 2002 All-Terrain Vehicle Union 111 2003 All-Terrain Vehicle Trailer Union 112 2003 Microplate Reader Rutgers 113 2003 Microplate Washer Rutgers 114 2003 All-Terrain Vehicle Mercer 115 2003 All-Terrain Vehicle Trailer Mercer 116 2002 All-Terrain Vehicle Ocean 117 2003 All-Terrain Vehicle Trailer Ocean 118 2003 All-Terrain Vehicle Cumberland 119 2004 All-Terrain Vehicle Trailer Cumberland 120 2003 All-Terrain Vehicle Hudson 121 2004 All-Terrain Vehicle Trailer Hudson 122 2004 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Gloucester 123 2004 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Essex

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library 124 2004 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Passaic 125 2004 Ultra Low Temperature·Freezer Cumberland 126 2004 Ultra Low Temperature Free_zer Union 127 2004 Ultra Low Temperature Freezer Hudson 128 2008 Turbine Sprayer Hudson 129 2007 Turbine Sprayer Trailer Hudson 130 2009 Amphibious Tracked Vehicle Trailer State

Program Director: Claudia O'Malley, Office of Mosquito Control Coordination, Department of Environmental Protection

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library State Airspray Program

Operationally, the Airspray Program performed 30 insecticide applications in 5 counties during fiscal year 2011, treating a total of 30,567 acres (Table 2). Although the program's primary focus continues to be the control of larval mosquitoes, 1 of the applications made was for adult mosquito control. This took place in Atlantic County during the early part of the calendar year 2011 mosquito season, and was necessitated by very high nuisance populations of the salt marsh mosquito Aedes so/licitans. Although rotary-wing aircraft were utilized to perform the 5 adulticide applications made in fiscal year 2010, the lone adulticide operation performed in fiscal year 2011 was made with the Air Tractor A T-602, with very good results. Of the 29 aerial larvicide applications, 79% were made to the Atlantic and Delaware Bayshore coastal salt marshes, as well as the Delaware Bayshore salt hay farms. Mosquito production within these areas is mainly influenced by monthly tidal cycles. The remaining 21 % of the aerial larvicide applications were made to upland targets in the Passaic River floodplain where precipitation is the major factor affecting mosquito production. Additionally, 3 surveillance flights were performed in fiscal year 2011, all utilizing rotary-wing aircraft.

Aircraft available to the program included 2 single-engine, turbine Air Tractor AT-602 for high payload applications of both granular and liquid insecticide formulations, Cessna Skylanes for observation flights, and Bell Jet Ranger rotary-wing aircraft, for both larvicide applications and survey work. Several single-engine Grumman Ag Cats were also available for use; however, the Air Tractor A T-602 proved to be so efficient that the Ag Cats were not used.

The insecticides used in larval control operations included temephos in both a 5% granular formulation and an emulsifiable concentrate, methoprene in a 20% liquid formulation, and both granular and aqueous suspension formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis. Malathion was utilized for the lone aerial adulticide application.

Since fiscal year 1996, state aid has been provided to those Airspray Program counties that make insecticide applications for mosquito control to state-owned land within their corporate borders. This aid is made in the form of in-kind replacement of the insecticides applied. During fiscal year 2011, Cape May County was reimbursed with 6,500 pounds of Abate 5BG, and Ocean County was reimbursed with 1,056 gallons of Vectobac 12AS and 2,080 pounds of Vectobac CG. .

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Table 2. State Airspray Program acreage treated in FY2011 by mode and county.

County Larviciding Adulticiding Total Acreage Acreage Acreage Atlantic 14,014 3,868 17,882

Cumberland 5,293 - 0 - 5,293

Essex 3,490 - 0 - 3,490

Morris 3,370 - 0 - 3,370

Ocean 532 - 0 - 532

26,699 3,868 30,56.7 State Total

Program Director: Claudia O'Malley, Office of Mosquito Control Coordination, Department of Environmental Protection

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library State Biological Control Program

In keeping with its integrated pest management approach to mosquito control, the· State Mosquito Control Commission continued to support the Biological Control Program during fiscal year 2011. This program was inaugurated in fiscal year 1992 and has played an important role as one of the Commission's state aid programs to the county mosquito control agencies since that time.

The Commission renewed its longstanding Memorandum of Agreement with the New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife for developing, maintaining and providing fishery stocks at the Charles 0. Hayford Fish Hatchery at Hackettstown. Bureau of Freshwater Fisheries persofi9.el raised stocks of fish for release into known mosquito production sites throughout New Jersey. The difficulties with overwintering Gambusia experienced in the past were not evidenced this fiscal year, and an ample supply of fish was available for the county mosquito control agencies throughout the mosquito breeding season.

The Bureau of Freshwater Fisheries continues to provide outstanding assistance to the Office of Mosquito Control Coordination and the participating county mosquito control agencies. All stocking is performed strictly in accordance with the guidelines and policy outlined in the Department Of Environmental Protection document "How to Use the State Bio-Control Program for Mosquito Control in New Jersey". During the course of fiscal year 2011, a total of 144,816 fish were stocked through the Biological Control Program in nine New Jersey counties (Table 3). Species stocked included the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, and the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. Since its inception in 1992, a total of 3,076,474 fish have been provided to the counties for mosquito control purposes through the State Commission's Biological Control Program, at no cost to them.

The Commission renewed its Memorandum of Agreement with the New Jersey Department of Agriculture's Phillip Alampi Beneficial Insect Laboratory so that the cyclopoid copepod project could continue through fiscal year 2011. Begun in fiscal year 2005, the project's purpose is to investigate the use of organisms other than fish as mosquito control agents, and has shown quite some promise. As has been the case since the inception of this project, Department of Agriculture staff has devoted a considerable amount of effort to ensure that an adequate supply of the copepod Macrocyclops albidus was available for use. In the previous fiscal year, mosquito production habitats under investigation included artificial containers, constructed woodland pools, natural woodland pools, and abandoned swimming pools. Based on the results obtained, it was determined that these organisms would best be used to control larval mosquito populations within artificial containers. As was the case in fiscal year 2010, ample stocks of copepods were available for distribution quite early in the mosquito season, and the program was made available to any New Jersey county mosquito control agency for use as biological control agents within artificial containers, at no cost to the counties. By the end of fiscal year 2011, ten county mosquito control agencies were participating in the program, including those of Atlantic, Bergen Burlington, Cape May, Cumberland, Gloucester, Hunterdon, Monmouth, Ocean, and Warren counties.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Table 3. Mosquitofish stocking by county and species durin2 FY2011. County Species Number of Fish

Gambusia 22,000 Bergen

Essex 5,000 Garnbusia

Gloucester 5,000 Garnbusia

Mercer 6,500 Garnbusia

Monmouth 9,736 Garnbusia

Ocean Fathead minnows 27,400 Gambusia 5,000

Passaic Fathead minnows 1,680 Gambusia 1,120

Sussex Fathead minnows 10,000 Gambusia 9,230

Warren 16,050 Fathead minnows 26,100 Gambusia

Total 144,816

Program Director: Claudia O'Malley, Office of Mosquito Control Coordination, Department of Environmental Protection

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Monitoring the Efficacy of Insecticides for Mosquito Control in New Jersey

Toxicities of spinosad to Aedes sollicitans larvae from Ocean, Atlantic, Cape May and Cumberland counties are reported. The toxicities remain in the single digit range and vary insignificantly between the years 2008, 2009, and 2010. Toxicities of Bti to the larvae were essentially the same as in previous years with small differences in the data falling well within normal variation. Bti is generally less toxic to these mosquito larvae than spinosad. It takes 9 - 17 times more of Bti to achieve the same control as with spinosad.

Toxicities of temephos at the LC50 level to the larvae were, like those of spinosad, in the single digit range. The variation at the LC90 level looks greater than it probably is due to less precision in the discriminating dose data from 2008 and 2009 than in the full-range LCso toxicity bioassays. Toxicities of methoprene to the larvae were difficult to obtain. The compound is probably quite toxic to the larvae - single digit LC50 values for Ocean and Atlantic counties, but increasingly troublesome to work with, probably due to some formulation problem. This progress report shows the details of:

Collection of Aedes sollicitans host-seeking females. Toxicity data for Bti, spinosad, temephos, and methoprene to mosquito larvae from eggs from females collected in south New Jersey field sites May through October, 2010. Data for etofenprox and prallethrin toxicities to larvae from Ocean County.

Host-seeking Ae. sollicitans females were collected in four locations in New Jersey: West Creek in Ocean County, Brigantine Island in Atlantic County, Sutton Lane in Cape May County, and East Point Lighthouse in Cumberland County. We made 19 collecting trips with our last trip for the season on October 29, 2010. The female mosquitoes were brought back to the Headlee lab in New Brunswick and fed cattle blood, purchased from the Carteret Abattoir, with a Hemotek apparatus. After 4 feedings, the mosquitoes were left in the collecting cages supplied with a paper towel soaked with a 10% sugar solution for 2 or 3 days. They were then transferred to glass shell vials (2 females per vial) containing a moistened cotton ball and sealed with a piece of fabric screen (bridal tulle) through which they could drink a 10% sugar solution placed on top in a saturated paper towel. During transfer, whilst holding them in the glass transfer tube, each female was identified by inspection with a dissecting microscope. Females that were not Ae. sollicitans were discarded. The egg containing shell vials were stored at RT for 3 weeks to allow development of the embryo and the serosal cuticle. After that, the vials were stored in plastic baskets with a wet paper towel on top and wrapped in a plastic bag. The baskets were stored at 24°C in a Percival environmental incubator set at a 16/8 day/night cycle, and the moisture level in the vials was monitored and adjusted weekly to 80 - 85%RH to avoid drying out of the eggs. The numbers of vials with eggs from each field site are shown in Table 1. As Table 1 shows, far from all collected females actually laid eggs. The number of eggs in each vial was highly variable, ranging from fewer than 10 to well over 100. Not every egg hatched out

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library a larva. There are variations in each step of this series of events. This variability necessitates many collecting trips. This year, the number of eggs from Cape May and Cumberland Counties proved insufficient to obtain good solid data for insecticide response experiments._

Table 4 S ummary o f fiema I e A e. soll" 1c1tans . w1"Id -cau2.h t at each field site in 2009. County Number of vials Percent vials with with eggs eggs Ocean 358 55 Atlantic 301 62 Cape May 85 57 Cumberland 93 79

Assays to Measure Toxicity All assays were performed exactly as described in my final report for fiscal year 2009. As in the previous year, this year's report includes "fold ratios" (FR) of toxicity of the insecticides between the years 20 I 0 and 2009. The FR between years can indicate a trend, or lack thereof, in the physiological response in the larvae to an insecticide based on either a change in detoxification capacity or in molecular target site sensitivity, or both. A difference up to 3 - 4- fold can easily be the result of normal biological variation (if you look at any financial graph you will see similar variability in numbers). A larger and consistent difference should prompt close scrutiny of the population and how it is controlled as it could indicate incipient resistance evolution.

Toxicity data Toxicity of spinosad to Aedes sollicitans larvae A sample of spinosad marketed as Natular®, which is a 20.6% mixture of spinosyn A (major component) and spinosyn D in wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate) supplied by Clarke Mosquito Control Products, Inc., Roselle, IL, was used. Mortality produced by spinosad was assessed after 3 days of incubation based on the progressive mortality observed and described in the 2008 Final Report for this project. The 3-day mortalities from spinosad treatment to larvae from females collected in 2008, 2009, and 201.0 are shown in Table 2. Table 5 LC50 (ppb) with 95% confidence limits 3 days after treatment with spinosad in Ae. sollicitans larvae. County 2008 2009 2010 FR FR (09/08) (10/09) Ocean 2.4 (2.1 - 2.6) 5.4 (4.1 - 6.6) 3.2 (2.9 - 3.5) 2.2 0.6 Atlantic 1.5 (1.3 - 1. 7) 5.8 (5.2 - 6.5) 1.8 (1.5 - 2;2) 3.3 0.3 Cape May 1.4 (1.2 - 1. 7) 3.4 (3.0 - 3.8) 2.4 (2.0 - 2.9) 2.4 0.7 Cumberland 1. 7 (1.3 - 2.2) 6.9 (6.3 - 7.4) 1.8 (1.5 - 2.1) 4.1 0.6

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library All data in Table 5 are solid; the FR values between 2010 and 2009 data show increased toxicity in 2010 as opposed to decreased toxicity between the years 2009 and 2008. This is most likely due to normal biological variation. Several more years' worth of data are needed to determine any hard trend. The toxicity of spinosad to Ae. sollicitans larvae is very high. By comparing the LCso data for Bti and spinosad from 2010, it is clear that spinosad is more toxic than Bti: for Ocean, Atlantic, and Cape May counties, the difference is 9-fold in favor of spinosad; for Cumberland County, it is 17-fold in favor of spinosad. Bti is likely more expensive than spinosad. New Jersey Ae. sollicitans larvae are not resistant to spinosad and it should be perfectly feasible to rotate this insecticide with Bti.

Table 6 shows the LC50 (same as in Table 2) and LC90 data for spinosad to the mosquito larvae in 2010 (95% confidence limits) (ppb) County LCso LC90 Slope Ocean 3.2 (2.9 - 3.5) 5.9 (5.2 - 6.6) 4.8 Atlantic 1.8 (1.5 - 2;2) 3.6 (2.9 - 5.3) 4.3 Cape May 2.4 (2.0 - 2.9) 4.9 (3.8 - 7 .8) 4.0 Cumberland 1.8 (1.5 - 2.1) 3.7 (3.0 - 5.0) 4.1

The slope of a regression line is taken to indicate the level of genetic heterogeneity/homogeneity of the population under study. The slopes of these regression lines indicate populations of average ("normal") genetic homogeneity. If plotted out, all these lines will have a slope.of 45 degrees, more or less.

Toxicities of Bti to Aedes sollicitans larvae The Bti preparation was a sample of V ectoBac®, donated by the Hunterdon County Mosquito Control Agency, containing 11.61 % active ingredient representing 1200 international toxic units per mg. There is no direct relationship between potency and the percent active ingredient by weight. It is unclear exactly what the 'active ingredient' really is. The toxic principle of Bti is a large, 144 kD protein, the b-endotoxin, not the item quantified in this formulation. The assays were performed as described in my 2009 final report. The LC5o from 2008, 2009, and 2010 are shown in Table . Table 7 Mortalities of 4th instar larvae of Ae. sollicitans in 2008, 2009, and 2010 (95% lower - upper confidence limits of the LC50 value) 24 hours after treatment with Bti. County 2008 LC so (ppb) 2009 LCso (ppb) 2010 LC so (ppb) FR FR (09/08) (10/09) Ocean 21.6 (18.2 - 5.2) 15.2 (13.5 - 7.3) 27.5 (24.6 - 32) 0.7 1.8 Atlantic 21.6 (18.9 - 24.9) 26.4 (23.4 - 30.4) 17.8 (14.9 - 21.4) 1.2 0.7 Cape May 16.8 (14.8 - 19.1) 19.9 (16.5 - 24.6) 23.2 (20. 7 - 26.4) 1.2 1.2 Cumberland 24.2 (21.7 - 27.4) 39.5 (32.8 - 49.3) 33. 7 (30.2 - 37.8) 1.6 0.9

All data in Table are solid. The variation in toxicity between the 3 years, 2008, 2009, and 2010 is insignificant, well within norma~ biological variation (all FR values are less than 2) indicating

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library that Bti continues to be an excellent insecticide to use for the control of NJ salt marsh mosquitoes. To safeguard against resistance evolution to this valuable control agent it would be prudent to rotate it with spinosad (or even temephos as long as it's available) from time to time. Table 8 shows the LCso (same as in Table 4) and LC90 data for Bti to the mosquito larvae in 2010 95°/o confidence limits b · County LC so LC90 Slope

Ocean 4.3 Atlantic 3.3 Cape May 3.9 Cumberland 5.3

As before, the slope of a regression line is taken to indicate the genetic heterogeneity/homogeneity of the population under study. The slope data for Bti toxicity to the mosquito larvae indicate that the population from Cumberland County is slightly more genetically homogeneous (possibly more stressed with Bti) than the other populations and that the population from Atlantic County is slightly more genetically heterogeneous than other populations (less Bti stress). Considering that Ae. sollicitans is a strong flyer (has been recovered up to 50 miles from origin, personal communication with M. Romanowski), the level of homogeneity of any of the 4 south NJ Ae. sollicitans population can be expected to change depending on how the adult mosquitoes move between the 4 field sites; they are all within the range of adult flight capacity.

Toxicities of temephos to Aedes sollicitans larvae Analytical grade, >99% pure, temephos (Abate®) was purchased from Chem Service, West Chester, PA. Temephos toxicity (dead larvae) was assessed 24 hours after application. The value of monitoring temephos toxicity is at least 2-fold: temephos is a remarkably effective mosquito larvicide ·and may be needed in the future if other control agents should fail, and being detoxified in Ae. sollicitans exclusively by carboxylesterases, temephos toxicities provide information about the condition of this defense mechanism in the mosquito larvae. Carboxylesterases are also responsible for the detoxification of pyrethroids, especially synergized pyrethroids. ·

Table 9 Toxicity data for temephos to 4th instar larvae of Ae. sollicitans from females collected in Ocean, Atlantic, Cape May, and Cumberland Counties in 2010. (95% confidence limits, when available) (ppb) County LC so LC90 Slope Approximate Approximate LC90 for 2008 LC90 for 2009 Ocean 4 (3.6- 4.4) 7.6 (6. 7 - 8.9) 4.6 10 14 Atlantic 2.9 (2.5 - 3.2) 8.2 (6.8 - 10.5) 2.8 10 60 Cape May 4 (2.6- 5.4) 11 (7.7 - 26) 2.9 8 13 Cumberland 2 (1.7 - 2.2) 3.9 (3.3 - 5.1) 4.2 19 10

The data in Table are solid; they are better for Ocean and Atlantic Counties than for Cape May and Cumberland counties due to insufficient supplies of larvae from the latter counties. Because of lacking LC5o data for recent years when only discriminating dose data were sought, FR values

14 You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library would be largely meaningless. It is, however, obvious that temephos is an extraordinarily effective mosquito larvicide. The low slope values for Atlantic and Cape May counties indicate quite flat regression lines, which, in tum,_indicate heterogeneous populations, perhaps a result of diminished use of temephos (lower selection pressure) in these counties in recent years.

Toxicity of methoprene to Aedes sollicitans larvae The methoprene (Altosid®) was purchased from Chem Service, Inc., West Chester, PA. It was a racemic mixture of the R and S forms, containing mostly the S (bioactive) form.

The methoprene toxicity test was performed as described in the 2009 report for this project.

A full-range LCso was attempted with populations from the 4 field sites. This succeeded only for the populations from Ocean, Atlantic, and Cumberland counties. There are no data at all available for Cape May larvae due to insufficient numbers of eggs as well as to lacking basic equipment, viz., a temperature-controlled bench-top incubator (previously, these monitoring experiments were performed with Dr Brattsten's research equipment purchased in 1987; equipment doesn't last forever, and despite repeated applications, a replacement incubator has not been provided by the SMCC for these experiments). The mortalities obtained in 2010 are shown in Table 7.

Table 10 Toxicity data for methoprene to 4th instar larvae of Ae. sollicitans from females collected in Ocean, Atlantic, and Cumberland Counties in 2010. (95°/o confidence limits when available) (ppb)

County LC so LC90 Slope Approximate Approximate LC90 for 2008 LC90 for 2009 Ocean 1.3 (0.8 - 1.8) 29.5 (17.2 - 73.7) 0.9 36 15 Atlantic 5.3 (3.3 - 7 .5) 81.9 ( 46.3 - 226.6) 1.1 50 15 Cape May NA NA NA 25 15 Cumberland 13.2 (7 - 26.2) 362 (105.2 - 14,013)* 0.9 50 15 *Extrapolated by the PoloPlus software; this value is absurd.

The data in Table are best regarded as preliminary. Although methoprene is probably considerably toxic to Ae. sollicitans larvae, it was very difficult to obtain data that were even close to reasonable, in light of previous experimental data with these populations. Perusal of the LC90 (form 2010) and the approximate LC9o data from previous years, indicates a significantly decreased toxicity, especially for Cumberland County mosquitoes. Methoprene is, at best, capricious to use, and it takes a real effort to obtain consistent and reliable data with this compound, even in bench-top in vivo toxicity bioassays with stringently controlled conditions. Because of lacking LCso data for recent years, when only discriminating dose data were sought, FR values would be largely meaningless. The slope values for the three regression lines indicate extremely flat lines; it was difficult to discern a true dose-mortality relationship with methoprene.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Experiments with other insecticidal compounds The recently introduced ether-pyrethroid adulticide etofenprox (ZENIVEX E20®) is toxic also to mosquito larvae. A preliminary LC so of 3 ppb was obtained with mosquito larvae from females collected in Ocean County in 2009. This compound is not yet registered for use as a larvicide in New Jersey; it probably should be. When this compound is used as an adulticide in the vicinities of salt marshes, it will likely affect any larval populations present, as well. An LC50 of 17 .9 (15.9 - 20.8) ppb was obtained with larvae from females collected in Ocean County in 20 I 0. The value is solid; the toxicity is comparable to that of Bti. The LC90 was 42.5 (35.6 - 54) ppb and the slope of the regression line was 3.4 indicating "normal" genetic heterogeneity in the population. Prallethrin, a recently introduced pyrethroid is formulated with another (old) pyrethroid, d phenothrin and the synergist piperonyl butoxide, as Duet®, which is used on an observational basis in NJ for adulticiding. In experiments with prallethrin alone with larvae from females collected in Ocean County in 20 I 0, an LCso of 20.9 (18.9 - 23.4) ppb and an LC90 of 30.8 (26.8 - 39.1) ppb were obtained. The toxicity of this compound is also in the range of Bti toxicity. The slope for this regression line was 7 .6, i.e., very steep, indicating a highly homogeneous population. This could very well be an effect of extensive use of other piperonyl butoxide synergized pyrethroids exerting selection pressure. They are all detoxified by cytochrome P450 and carboxylesterases and they all have the same molecular target site, the axonal sodium channel.

Conclusion The overall conclusion based on the data presented above is that Aedes sollicitans larvae in the southern New Jersey salt marshes are still easily controlled with the insecticides monitored. This really should be true also for methoprene, which, however, tends to be increasingly difficult to use. This is probably rather related to a formulation problem than to physiological resistance in the mosquito larvae. Despite practical problems and lack of operating support, it is imperative that the available control agents be used in rotation every year to avoid potential resistance evolution in some situations. To do otherwise is destructive not only to the enduring effectiveness of the materials but also to the ecology and biology of the environment. Rotation of insecticides is one method accepted as part of IPM strategies. Another important option is the use of mixtures of insecticidal compounds (as opposed to simply synergized insecticides) as is routinely practiced in drug treatment of infectious diseases, e.g., AIDS. This option is currently impossible (except perhaps by surreptitious use of several insecticides in a really short time period) with pesticides due to lack of research of pesticide interactions in situ and the ensuing lack of EPA-approved products. Yet another possibility is the use of refugia where sensitive populations can survive and, presumably, exit from to "dilute" resistant population gene pools. It may not be necessary to kill every mosquito everywhere. In the absence of the practice of any of these methods, mosquito control in New Jersey cannot be claimed to be conducted according to IPM practices. Despite diminishing options for insecticides to use, and diminishing resources to use them with, there are likely many compounds already on the market for other types of control that could be registered for use in mosquito control if the required information were available. With such new possibilities, as well as with established mosquito control insecticides it is important to understand how the mosquito responds, as the mosquito remains the key factor. Project Director: Lena Brattsten, Ph.D. Department of Entomology, Rutgers University

16 You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library NEW JERSEY STATEWIDE ADULT MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE

Data from more than 80New Jersey light traps contributed by county mosquito control agencies are used to calculate trends in mosquito populations for species of nmsance or health concerns.

Calculations are based on regional distributions, with emphasis on mosquito habitat and land use. Trends will allow a statewide evaluation of changing mosquito populations, in response to control and/or changes in habitat.

The State Surveillance Program Overview In New Jersey, county-level mosquito control agencies use New Jersey light traps to monitor certain nuisance and health-risk mosquito species. Agencies have many years worth of experience in the placement, use, and interpretation of light traps and their data as monitoring mosquito populations is an essential part of an integrated pest management approach. But county agencies are limited to county data, and a landscape-wide view of changing mosquito trends is not available. The purpose of this program is to cover that gap and provide information of nuisance and health-risk mosquito populations on a regional level.

The 2011 Season: Nineteen of the 21 county mosquito control agencies participated in this program during the season. Most agencies provided data in a timely matter. However, at times, most agencies were occasionally pressed to get the data to Headlee Labs.

During 2011, 36 mosquito species were identified out of the 113,755 individual mosquitoes caught in the statewide surveillance light trap network throughout New Jersey. The total number of mosquitoes trapped was on the low end of the range from recent years (between 100,000 and 300,000 individuals). As in 2009, no Anopheles earlei were trapped. Additional species with less than 10 individuals trapped (not included in the total number caught) for the entire season 17

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library included Aedes atropalpus, Ae. barberi, Ae. excrucians, Ae. mitchellae, Ae. thibaulti, Cu/ex tarsalis, Culiseta inornata, Cs. minnesotae, Orthopodomyia signifera and Psorophora howardii. The Agricultural and Coastal regions collected a wider variety of mosquitoes than did other regions. This year, neither the number of species nor the number of mosquitoes caught in each region correlated with the number of traps (r = 0.35, df= 8, p > 0.05; r = 0.42, df = 8, p > 0.05, respectively) such that those with fewer traps caught neither fewer species nor fewer number of mosquitoes. Thus, while the Agricultural region had only a moderate number of traps, it had the highest diversity (number of species) but only the second lowest number of mosquitoes caught. Similarly, there was no correlation between the number of species caught and the total number of mosquitoes caught per region (r = 0.45, df = 8, p > 0.05).

Table 11 Number of county traps used in each region with the number of mosquito species identified in the traps. Region Number of Traps Number ofSpecies ~umber of Mosquitoes Agricultural 6 30 6,044 Coastal 9 29 19,916 Delaware Bayshore 6 24 27,834 Delaware River Basin 2 19 2,880 New York Metro 10 23 9,880 North Central Rural 7 17 994 Northwestern Rural 6 26 8,963 Philadelphia Metro 5 23 7,376 Pine lands 10 27 10,780 Suburban 17 26 19,088 Statewide Total 82 36* 113,755 *not including the least common species.

The most abundant species caught statewide were the Cu/ex Mixed (including Cx. pipiens, Cx. salinarius and Cx. restuans), Aedes vexans, Anopheles bradleyi, Ae. sollicitans, An. quadrimaculatus, Cs. melanura, Coquillettidia perturbans and Ae. cantator (Figure 4) . In 3 of the 10 regions (Figures 5-14), the Mixed Cu/ex populations were in greatest number. In 4of10 regions, Ae. vexans was the predominant species. Ae. sollicitans was dominant in the Coastal region, An. bradleyi in the Delaware Bayshore and Cs. melanura in the Pinelands.

Weather effects: New Jersey experienced an unusual set of temperature and precipitation events both in the spring prior to the beginning of light trap collections and again during the summer. The Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist recorded the monthly temperature and precipitation departures against averages from 1971 - 2000 as well as against records kept from 1895. They recorded numerous instances that resulted in a very wet spring followed by a dry summer as well as a warm spring and summer.

Monthly temperature and precipitation departures from normal, Office of the New Jersey State Climatologist.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library NJ Monthly Temperature Departures (November 2009 - October 2010)

Departuru calculatad from differences between observed monthly temperatures and 1971-2000 monthly averages

LL' !?- 2 ! :I t: .,c.l'll c -1

-2

Records based on observations ~ _._ _. dating______back to 1895

() z m z ....I CL 1- t; w < w ::> ::> w () z c .., LL .., .., U> 0

Month

NJ Monthly Precipitation Departures (November 2009 - October 2010)

Departures calculated from differences between observed monthly precipitation and 1971-2000 monthly averages 6

3 o; ., 2 .c: u :§. .,... .::J 0 t::m c. ., -1 c -2

-3

Records based on observations dating back to 1895

Month

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library These effects likely Weekly total mosquitoes collected in statewide light trap program from 2003- contributed to some of the 2010. low population patterns 60000 ., ...... •··-···-·······-·····-····--·--··-·····-··--·······-.. ·····-·······-········-·····-···-·······--·-····················-·-·-···--·--·---··-·-·-··· observed. \Vetwann springs can increase the ~soooo ....---~~~~~.._.,~~~~~~~~~~~ ftl survivability of mosquito ~ "Ur -2003 populations (particularly g 40000 ... -2004 those that overwinter as :; a' -2005 larvae), allowing them to ~30000 ---~~~~---~--~~~~~~~~~~ :E -2006 emerge earlier and in 'O j -2001 t10000~'~~~~+---1~:a-~~~-+-~~~~~ greater numbers. .a -2008 E ::I -2009 Subsequent drought z 10000 ...... ,,._- ...... conditions can affect -2010 floodwater species by 0 eliminating habitat that 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 normally. appears through Week the summer. Drought, when extensive, can reduce or eliminate normally "permanent" waters, reducing even more stable populations such as for Culex species. See species summaries.

An online calibration class is offered to any county that wished to learn about the proper maintenance and calibration of light traps (http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/--vbcenter/video/ovi.htm). Cleaned and calibrated traps confer compatibility of the datasets.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library The following figures are the cumulative totals statewide and for each region for 2010. Figures after those are the species summaries for those species that have 500 or more individuals caught, or are of public-health interest. They are listed alphabetically, with information on how they are classified according to life cycle types (Crans 2004 A Classification System for Mosquito Life Cycles: Life Cycle Types for Mosquitoes of the Northeastern United States) Journal of Vector Ecology ppl-10.) plus written summary.

Cumulative totals for light trap species statewide and Top Ten for each region, 2010.

Statewide Total Number of Mosquitoes

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000

CulexMix Ae.vexans An. brodleyi Ae. sollicitans An. quadrimaculatus Cs. melanuro Coq. peltllrbans Ae.cantator Ur. sapphirina An. punctipennis Dc.ermticus Ae. canadensis Ae.japonicus Ps. columbiae Ae. toeniorhynchus An.audans De. territans Ae. albopictus Ae. sticticus Ae. stimulans Ae.dnereus Ae. trivittatus Ae. grossbedci Ps.dliato Ae. triseriatus An.walkeri Ps.ferox -l Ae. abserratus J Or. signifero J Cs. minnesotae J Cs. inomata l An. barberi J Ae. exaudans J Ps. howardii l Cs. morsitans 1 Ae. atropalpus -jl De. tarsalis

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Agricultural Total# mosquitoes

Cu/ex Mix Ae.vexans An. quadrimaculatus Ps. columbae Ae. cantator Cs. melanura Coq. perturbans An. punctipennis Ae.japonicus An. bradleyi --~~~~~~~-'-~~~~~~~___.L~~~~~~~~.J.._~~~~~~~--' 0 2000 4000 6000 80

Coastal Total# mosquitoes

Ae. sollicitans Cu/ex Mix Ae. vexans An. bradleyi Ae. cantator Cs. melanura Coq. perturbans Ae. taeniorhynchus Ae. canadensis An. quadrimacu/atus

0 2000 4000 6000 8

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Delaware Bayshore Total # mosquitoes

An. brad/eyi Cu/ex Mix An. quadrimaculatus Ae.vexans Ae. sol/icitans Cs. melanura Ae. cantator Coq. perturbans Ae. taeniorhynchus Ae. canadensis

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

Delaware River Basin Total# mosquitoes

Ae.vexans Cu/ex Mix Coq. perturbans An. quadrimacu/atus Ae. cantator Ur. sapphirina

Ps. columbae Ae. soHicitans Ae. canadensis Ae. sticticus

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library New York Metropolitan Total# mosquitoes

Cu/ex Mix Ae. vexans Ae. cantator Ae. soHicitans Coq. perturbans Ae. sticticus An. quadrimaculatus Ae. albopictus An. punctipennis Ur. sapphirina

0 2000 4000 6000 81

North Central Rural Total # mosquitoes

Cu/ex Mix Ae. vexans An. punctipennis

An. quadrimaculatus Ur. sapphirina

Ps. columbae

Ae. japonicus Coq. perturbans Cx. erraticus Ae. canadensis

0 2000 4000 6000

Northwest Rural Total # mosquitoes

Ae.vexans

Ur.sapphma

An. quadrimaculatus

Cu/ex Mix

Coq. perturbans

An. punctj>ennis

Ae. stimulans

Ae. cinereus

Ae. trivltatus

Ae.japonicus

0 2000 4000 6000

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library P~iladelphia Metropolitan Total # mosquitoes

Ae.vexans

CulexMbc

An. punctj>ennis

Ur.sapphma

An. quadrimaculatus

Coq. perlurbans

An. crucians

Cx. erraticus

Cs. melanura

ex. territans

0 2000 4000 6000 8000

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Pinelands Total # mosquitoes

Cs. melanura Cu/ex Mix Ae. vexans Coq. perturbans

An. bradleyi Ae. canadensis Ae. sollicilans An. quadrimaculatus Cx. territans Ur. sapphirina

0 2000 4000 6000 8(

Suburban Corridor Total #mosquitoes

Ae. vexans Cu/ex Mix An. quadrimaculatus

Coq. perturbans Ur. sapphirina Cx. erraticus

An. punctipennis

Ae. japonicus Ae. canadensis

Ps. columbae

0 2000 4000 6000 8C

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Aedes albovictus - Multivoltine Aedine (Aedes triseriatus Type) Asz:ricultural Coastal I Delaware Bavshore I Delaware River Basin

,...... 1.0 . , 1.0 ,...... ······························································• 1.0 ----, ~ ------.... ------..... •.,, :: . • : ; o.8 "' r------_j +I 0.8 r------1 +I 0.8 !------, QI • g ~0.6 I ~ [ ,------_j :; 0.6 -r------~ ~ 0.6 ;. 0.6 er er 0 : o.4 r ______j "' "' ~ 0.4 t------+------1 ~o.4 L-----+------i ~ 0.4 :n: c 'II: 'II: c i 0.2 : 0.2 r------::~--1+-+------l i 0.2 :I o.o 1, , , , ,s ,1:<, I Tr I I iI 0.0 I • 41°' ~.,.-«; =i'll r:;:p" ~ I I I I i 4 o.o I *' ,.fllllVllll ! :: I ... • uJliilll I 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34. 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro

1.0 ,...... , 1.0 .,...... , 1.0 .,...... ······················· ...... , 1.0 ~------~ : l______---i : • +I 0.8 ! 0.8 +1 o.8L------~ +I"' 0.8 ti g g Jo.6 0.6 =§ 0.6 :; 0.6 ::2 L------, i II'" er ti) er 0 ~ ~o.4 l o.4 L-----Ttt---1 E o.4 L------1 E 0.4 'It "" 'II: i •c : 0.2 : 0.2 I :I 0.2 :E: 0.2 I I I I - :I :E 0.0 ______..______"•TI 0.0 I I I I I:*: 'I 0.0 ._ ...... ~- ...... -.- ...... - ...... -.,....j o.ol,.~·~ 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments

1.0 ,·--····- .....··--··----·----·-·--·------··---.., 1.0 ...... , Aedes albopictus made its first appearance in New Jersey in 1995, ten years after the :: : initial US invasion in Texas. In New Jersey, all counties but those in the Northwestern +I 0.8 1------_J : 0.8 +------! 5 • Rural region have reported populations, some with significant numbers. In 20 I 0, '§ 0.6 1------_J ~0.6 +---+------! populations in the Delaware Bayshore region were higher than historical values during the i : ~ 0.4 mid-season. Other populations were at about historical levels. The Suburban Corridor ~0.41--r----:-----_j +----r------; 'It ... experienced an early emergence of this temperature-restricted species at the same time the 0 2 Delaware River Basin experienced their first emergence. This species is an excellent ! ' I i T}1Jtflill1L f Ii i:::I.~,! 0.0 I I .... .-~ vector of numerous arboviruses, including West Nile. 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Aedes canadensis - Univoltine Aedine (Aedes canadensis Type) Al!ricultural Coastal Delaware River Basin

6.0 ... , ...... ,...... , 2.5 2.5 2.5 ,------·--·-----·------, : I 81 81 +f 6.0 ++--+--+------! :2.0 +f 2.0 L-4------+f 2.0 +------; 4.0 +t---+---+------< g J '5 1.5 ~1.5 115lL-1------i '5 +------+------! i i ro ~ 1.0 ~1.0 ++------+------! ~1.0 'It 2.0 _-+I_..... __, 'It ______'It :it c T .• T Ir i 0.5 -li:--r--t-+-l-t-t-_,.,tt-:,,..-~------1 :o.5 i 0.5 i 1.0 ::& Ill J!IT ::& ::& :I T"' T - ~ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 """"'''''' Ii ~ ~ I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro

2.5 2.5 .,...... , 2.5 ....-- -~ .,...------~ ., 2.5 ..------.,.------, Ill : : +I 2.0. +I 2.0 ~------'j Fo= +I 2.0 +------l i 1.5 g g J L ______I 1.5 ;.1 5 '5 +------< :II '5 1.5 +------l Ill f ,.,~ 1.0 +------~ r 1.0 .l------j Ef 1.0 +------l c I'll "" "" :I 0.5 +-----+------< = 0.5 ~------j I I :I i::I .z I I 1 0.0 I ,.t, I I lxi I I I I I I Fi I I I I ' I I I I I I I I I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I 0.0 I ;Fpii\ :': Ii I .. b f .~ 0.0 I :7:·~), 'Ii !::I ~ I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments

2.5 ~------, 2.5 ·····-········ Aedes canadensis canadensis is an early season univoltine mosquito found

81 throughout New Jersey, often with a late season emergence. After heavy spring rains +I= 2.0 .U...------, +f 2.0 g and warming temperatures, this species emerged as it often does before the i 1.5 •-+--t+------, 11.5 commencement of the trapping period. Population abundance was above historical i averages early and then decreased as the drought of the summer became extended ~1.0 •-+-+++++------::-i----r---• e 1.0 'lt :it (Pinelands, for example). Curiously, the Suburban Corridor showed a late season z0.5 • _.. l±±..Ll I I I I I I I i 0.5 emergence during the height of the drought from one locale. ::E ::& - I ill T T rl 'L'1" 0.0 0.0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy28 from the New Jersey State Library Aedes cantator - Multivoltine Aedine (Aedes sollicitans Type) A2ricultural Coastal I Delaware Bavshore I Delaware River Basin

5 "T...... , 50 50 ,...... ,...... ······································.. , 50 GI 31 31 31 Ill +f 40 +f 40 +f 40 +f 4 Ill XI

.~30 30 -~30 3 :I .! :I ·:;B i i i CT - 20 ~ 20 ~ 20 ~ 2 ,., ,., ,.,~ ,., c : 10 : 10 : 10 : 1 :E TT.TT ____ )\ - :E :E :E 0 - 0 l"l"Y'1'1••,•,Pjm, I I 1"I I • I I 0 0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural I Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro

5 ..,...... ,.... . 5~------~ 5 ...------~ GI Ill • : : +4 4 .:: 4 .I------: +4 4 +4 4 B 3 J ~ J 3 j= 3 g:I :I i :I f 2 ~ 2 ~ 2 fE ,., E ,., ,., : 1 -~ 1 .I------: : 1 ~ 1 :E :E• :E :E• o.,...,...... ,...,...,,...,....,...... ,...... ,...,....,....,....,....,...,...,...... ,,....,..., o...... -4 0 o+..."1""1""1""1""1""1""1'"'!'"1""1""1""1"""1""1'""1""1'"'1""1"""1""1'""1""1'""1""1'~ 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Aedes cantator is a facultative salt marsh floodwater species that can exploit both 5 1.0

31 31 natural and anthropogenic sources of saline habitat, ranging from coastal marine +f 4 +f 0.8 habitats to areas with higher salinity due to winter salt applications to roadways or XI ~ ~ 3 other anthropogenic applications. The Northwestern Rural has an obvious population :I ~ 0.6 i due to the past presence of a textile company. This year, early season activity occurred ( 0.4 ~ 2 in the Delaware River Basin, the New York Metro and the Suburban Corridor. Some ,., :ti: Ii 1 T l late season declines were observed in the Coastal and Delaware Bayshore as well as GI : 0.2 :E h l:i:Lr :E .. ? T TIT the Northwestern Rural. Larger populations such as the Coastal and Delaware 0 0.0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Bayshore also showed a decline in the latter portions of the season. Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Aedes cinereus - Univoltine Aedine (Aedes canadensis Tvoe) Al!ricultural Coastal shore Delaware River Basin

1.0 ,. - . 1.0 ----·---·--- 1.0 "T.... . •.....•• ·············· ········•···•·····. GI 1.0 ..--- !:= 0.8 ...... ················· ...... , Ill :ll : !: 0.8 +4 0.8 +4 0.8 -r------l GI :@ ~ 6- 0.6 i 0.6 i 06 t------_j 6- 0.6 Ill ~ 0 E 0.4 r0.4 E 0.4 'It •c T T •c : 0.2 i 0.2 : 0.2 :E :Ii :E ~T. T 0.0 I I I I I I I I I I I ,J. i 0.0 l 0.0 ~---- ...... -4 ::I. ' " " " ' J' 'I 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural I Philadelohia Metro

1.0 ...... , 1.0 1.0 2.0 .,...... ,...... , -· •Ill : •Ill +I 0.8 +I +I 0.8 ! 0.8 g1.5

~= 0.6 ~ 0.6 ::s ~ J 0.6 ::s ::s CT fl) f g'1.0 I ~ 0.4 0 f E 0.4 E 0.4 'It E c :et "" c 0.5 • ! 0.2 t1 I 0.2 : = 0.2 ::E ::E 0.0 .1 0.0 0.0 I I I I I I I .... I I I I I I I I I I 0.0 - I I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pin elands Suburban Corridor Comments

1.0 1.0, ·····································································--····-··- ·······-··----·--·············-. Aedes cinereus is a moderately early-season species that appear after species such as Ill 8l • Ae. excrucians or Ae. fitchii. As with some other floodwater species such as Ae. +I +I 0.8 : o~ g canadensis, later emergences can occur from eggs located higher up on terrain not ;t:= 0.6 ~Q6 previously flooded. Ae.. cinereus is very cold-tolerant, with a range that extends into ::s CT fl) 0 Canada and up through Alaska and can tolerate the early season temperatures. This Ef 0.4 E ~4 'It :et year, Ae. cinereus populations in the Northwestern Rural varied around historical c : 0.2 : Q2 values, with mid-season numbers higher than average, and with a subsequent :E ::E _I 3 3 population crash late season. 0.0 L 0.0 I I Ji*;";'rtl I I I I ;T; j~ IT I I I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy30 from the New Jersey State Library • , '- al • ~ Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

1 .0 1.0 -- 1.0 1.0

3l 3l 3l 31 +I 0.8 +I 0.8 +I 0.8 +I 0.8 +------! j g ~ g 'Si 0.6 :t::! 0.6 :; 0.6 :; 0.6 i ~ i i ~0.4 I 0.4 E 0.4 E 0.4 .l.------< ':I 0.2 l· T ""; 0.2 T l ""; 0.2 ""i 0.2 .l.------< :1 ILI ·-I ~ IT~T.. Ki. ~ IT"rLlJ\J _ J ~ i T 00. 0.0 0.0 0.0 4-~ ..... -- ...... "'1""'1'-1 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ------: : : : +I 0.8 +I 0.8 +I 0.8 +I 0.8 .l.------4 : SI 11 "' s 0 0 • ·:; 0.6 :; 0.6 :; 0.6 ~ 0.6 +------1 i T g" g" i

~ 0.4 II ~ 0.4 ~ 0.4 ~0.4 'II: l ...... c T T T c 02 c T c : 0.2 l .IT Tl.J 11 : . : 0.2 I " 0.2 "------~ :!!l 0.0 rITliV~liT :!!l 0.0 T TT :I 0.0 l .r•- ~0.0 ~ .....-...... ______....,.._...... ,""" 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments

1.0 to Aedes grossbecki, an early to mid-season mosquito, is found in all regions of New 31 s Jersey in varying amounts. Early emergence is suggested by the Agricultural region. 0 8 0 0 i · ; · This year, populations in most regions appeared to be depressed or attenuated, with a ~ o.6 ~ o.6 mid-to late season disappearance in the Delaware Bayshore, New York Metropolitan ( _ _ and Suburban Corridor regions. This large mosquito is not well attracted to light traps, 0 4 f 0 4 ~ T : T T . 1 as evident by the low numbers captured. 0 2 0 2 :i · I I : · _lUT _J.Llr.L 0.0 ITIJ.JA,. - T 0.0 ~ ...... __!~:::.__-=~----' 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Aedes iavonicus - Multivoltine Aedine (Aedes triseriatus Tvoe) A!!ricultural Coastal shore Delaware River Basin

1.0 1.0 ..---,---r--..--,------~ 1.0 1.0 ,------. 3l +I +I 0.8 +I 0.8 ii= 0.8 = 0.8 = +------+----+------;

g ~ ~0.6 -r-t-t-t-+-+--+------~~ 0.6 ! 0.6 ~ 0.6 ::I ::I ::I 8 "' E 0.4 I • I • • I T I I f 0.4 0.4 0.4 I r I I I I I ii I I I I I A I I ~ r :ti: r :ti: :ti: :ti: c c i 0.2 c 0.2 0.2 Ii 0.2 I T l II - - "= ! GI• GI ::E •GI :::E ::E llr ::E 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 I I ... I I I I I I I I I _,..,.") I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro

1.0 1.0 ..------.------, 1.0 r------~------, 1.0 ,------· • CD +I"' +I"' +I 0.8 0.8 0.8 = +I= 0.8 L------1 "'g 8 g ~ 0.6 J 0.6 ~ 0.6 ::I ::I ~ 0.6 ::I er :r 0"' ~ f "' 0.4 0.4 ~ 0.4 E ~ 0.4 -· ..E .. .. c c 0.2 0.2 : 0.2 : i 2 :::E :::E :I 1 0.0 I I iWISiR:I :RJ111111t1": :": I I I II I • i· o.o ~ ,•M": : 1 :Er?:':*i'• , , , :':f:•:Z:: 1 0.0 I I I I :i*l*i*;E:'R':.-v. ·••PI I I I 0.0 utt~I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments

1.0 .....------. 1.0 ., ....._._____ .,_.,,.,______.,,,______.,___ ------...... ______.,_, Aedes japonicus, a cold-tolerant invasive species, as shown varying abundances for different regions throughout the years. For the past two years, numbers have been higher +1= o.8 .l------1 +I= 0.8 +------1 at some time during the season for the Agricultural and Northwestern Rural. Populations Kl g declined in the Pinelands and the Philadelphia Metro regions while in the Delaware ~ 0.6 :s 0.6 I i River Basin, there were no records of Ae. japonicus after previously health populations E 0.4 ~ 0.4 +----1------...... ------1 recorded there. The Suburban Corridor continued to show similar population levels from :ti: :ti: the previous year, suggesting that containers that may provide larval habitat might not : 0.2 I I I f * I I I At T I T : 0.2 I I I •±I ii T I 1 T + +I I T :::E ::E loose water as quickly as more natural habitats (either nonporous material or lack of o.ol~ .. ••llmh~~~ 1 0.0 plant competition for water). 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

32 You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library ,, .... - - Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

5 50 5 GI GI GI 50 Ill Ill 45 Ill 45 +I 4 +I 31 Ill Ill 40 : 40 +I 4 GI GI :i :i 35 GI 35 :ll 3 :ll 30 ~ 30 3 CT I i Ill I 0 ~ 25 ~ 25 2 T I 11 e e 20 ~ 20 2 I T 1· T I 15 \I j, J I I 'It c T. q c "" 15 "" ~1..IJ' ""Ill 1 Ill 11\l rf 1 \! IT T. GI GI 10 ; 10 fi 1 T 11\V lf I IT GI T ~I :1: ,NJ.fly GI :E :E 5 ~lilt 5 I J :E _.r. Tir_ LU ' _.,/;"'_ .li...lTT :E .• -T~J, -~ - ~-I --~-I 0 ~~ 0 0 0 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

5 5 - 5 ····-············································· 5 GI •Ill UI 3: +I 4 I +I +I 4 I 4 4 I Ill ! ! Ill I g I; ·:;J 3 ! :t! 3 I 3 ! I 3 ::s ::s IT l c:r IT Ill i Ill Ill 0 ! 0 0 I 2 2 2 E : 2 ~ E =II: 'It =II: c c c 1 l t J c :E 1 1 1 •" = : :I!•" :E rl,.H;tJ :::& :I' LL T _.l - 0 0 0 0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments 5 5- Aedes sollicitans is the significant salt marsh floodwater mosquito along the eastern half GI Ill Ill • of the US, and one of the motivations for the early attentions paid to mosquito control in +I +I 4 4 Ill New Jersey. This long-flying mosquito can generate nuisance complaints far from its natal Kl • ~ ~ 3 ::s 3 habitat. Most abundance comes from the Coastal and Delaware Bayshore regions. Both :I IT II Ill these regions saw significant declines in populations, illustrating the effects that 2 0 ~ E 2 'It =II: freshwater precipitation (or lack of) can have on these saline species. There appeared to be c T T c m 1 - " 1 five emergences over the season. :I :I!• l rl l T 'l'T T 11J. r~111 0 0 - - - 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library ' - - Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

1.0 1.0 1.0 . ····················································· ...... 1.0 , ...... ,

3l = 3l 3l +I 0.8 +I 0.8 +I 0.8 +I 0.8 +--=------l § ! g 5 ~ 0.6 ~ 0.6 ~ 0.6 ~ 0.6 +---+------~ :I :I :I :I l 0.4 10.4 10.4 r0.4 ------1

~ T T ~ T T ~ T T ~ II ~ 0.2 llli I ~ 0.2 ill I ~ 0.2 11TT I ~ 0.2 +-T-111------i 0.0 • A T T T 0.0 T A TIT 0.0 ~ T A TT T 0.0 .,.w...11~11"1'1-"~.....,...... ,...,...,...,.,..1""'1""1..,..,...... ,...,...,..,.-1 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

1.0 ' 1.0 1.0 ...... , 2.4 ------• ! • 111 I 3l 3l : 2.1 +I 0.8 j +I 0.8 +I 0.8 -++------i : 1.s 5 ! I g ~ 1 5 ~ 0.6 ~ 0.6 l§ 0.6 ------! :J . f CT f ! 1.2 E 0.4 I 0.4 ~0.4 ------! E 0.9 ~ :a: T •

i 0.6 T T TT i 0.2 ! 0.2 IIIHI TJ' Ll._ I ! 0.2 h j :::E0.3 Ill I.Ii j h 0.0 T - r 0.0 IM IJl' 111'" - I 0.0 T I ..I 0.0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44

18 20 22 24 26 28 '9ei~34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week

Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments . . 1 0 1 0 Aedes sticticus is an early-season univoltine aedine mosquito with re-occurrence patterns : : similar to Aedes canadensis. This species appears before the beginning of the adult mosquito +• o.8 ... o.8 surveillance program, and so its highest numbers are usually not recorded. Populations for all

~ . regions were affected by the drought conditions with the second, mid-summer emergence 0 6 j 0 6 i · g being minimal or not occurring. Ae. sticticus can fly I 0 km from their larval habitat (Brust

~ o.4 ~o.4 1980). Living in urban areas such as along the Passaic River, mid-season emergences (when

T : T ] T .T they occur) can generate complaints from the surrounding communities. ! 2 : 0.2 ~---~ . i : 0. j) l ll Jl 1 :E o.o I • l _T - T J. TT • ! :E o.o 1 . LI r -- Brust, R.A. 1980 Dispersal behavior of adult Aedes sticticus and Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae) in Manitoba. • 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Canadian Entomologist, 112: 31-42. Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy34 from the New Jersey State Library , ' ... . Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bavshore Delaware River Basin 1.0 1.0 ~------· GI 1.0 1.0 Ill Bl Bl •Ill !! 0.8 +t 0.8 +t 0.8 +t 0.8 QI I ~0.6 :; 0.6 I 0.6 I 0.6 CT :; :; Ill o.4 ( 0.4 ( 0.4 ( 0.4 ,.,a =II: ,., =II: c T T :g 0.2 i 0.2 i 0.2 i 0.2 :::Ii! :IE .I l' I :IE :I 0.0 0.0 l 0.0 0.0 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

1.0 -· 1.0 5 1.0 GI Ill Ill• •Ill +I 0.8 +t 0.8 ! ll.8 +t 4 Ill Ill XI • • ~ 0.6 j 3 i 0.6 :::s .10.6 :::s :::s CT icr i icr i Ill ~ 0 r: l e 0.4 : 0.4 E 2 ~ 0.4 =It c =It I T c I "" i 0.2 .• : 0.2 :::E 0.2 " :::Ii! ,I_ :I!• I :I llnt : rlh r T 0.0 T I 0.0 0.0 - -· 31 41 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 33 35 37 39 43 Week Wnk • Week Week Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments

1.0 ----··------···--·----·-- 1.0 Aedes stimulans, found in woodland pools of the northeastern US and southwestern 9: •Ill Canada, is a cold tolerant mosquito that develops from overwintering eggs in pools +I 0.8 g :• 0.8 until in early spring when surrounding woodland trees develop leaves and ;I:! 0.6 ~0.6 subsequently drain the pools, forcing an emergence. Thus, it may be on the wing :::s icr i Ill before this surveillance program begins. The current year pattern in the Northwestern ~ 0.4 ~ 0.4 =It Rural region is typical for this species. The New York Metropolitan region also c "": 0.2 shows up in generally predictable numbers, although last year they did not appear in ~ 0.2 l :I T T T T those traps. 0.0 ' 0.0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Aedes taeniorhvnchus - Multivoltine Aedine (Aedes sollicitans T Al!ricultural Coastal Delaware Bavshore Delaware River Basin

1.0 ---- 3.0 ~------~----~ 3.0 ~--~-~-~~~~~--~ 10 ...... , GI Ill = . +I 0.8 .:: 2.5 •!II +I 2.5 : 0.8 +------< = g 2.0 2.0 I I I I Al I I 1•111 11 I • ·~0.6 ~ J ~0.6 +------< CT :I Ill ICI" ~ 1.5 1.5 I I 1 I llTfl '1 La I Ill ·i I o.4 ______, ~ 0.4 0 ; 1.0 :u: ; 1.0 I 111\1 A If II I I I I :it T c c : 0.2 c 0,5 I I o.5 0.2 :E :i i J~ :I 0.0 0.0 I 41'"~ * ••m-·~ 0.0 0.0 +""l"''P"'l""'P"'l""l"""'r"'...... ,..,...P""l""I..,..,...,..,...,..,...... ,...,..,..., 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural ' Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro

1.0 , ..------1.0 ,.------. 1.0 ....------. 1.0 T·------, •!II +I 0.8 +------1 ! 0.8 ! 0.8 ! 0.8 0.6 +------~ J:I lo.a j 0.6 Ls ICI" !II r i i ~ 0.4 +------< E 0.4 E 0.4 E 0.4 :tt •c •c ""c 0.2 = ------< :I 0.2 j 0.2 :lo2-'---- ::E 0.0 ...____ ,....,_....., _____ ...,..j 0. 0 "1-0' ...... -.- ...... -..-1 0.0 +-o-...... ,..., ...... ,...,....,....,....,....,-1 0.0 +-o-...... - ...... ,...,,...,...... ,...,...,.....-1 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 ~n~26~~~~36~~~« 20 n 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 n 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Wffk Week Week

Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments Aedes taeniorhynchus is a floodwater species found primarily in coastal salt water 1.0 ,------·-·-----,..------, 1.0 ..------, •Ill habitats with the largest populations along the Delaware Bayshore region. It can +I: 0.8 -l------t-----1 : 0.8 produce considerable complaints. Fortunately, Ae. taeniorhynchus is not an j• efficient vector or either EEE or WNV. Migration flights are not as long as Ae. J:I 0.6 -i------r---i ~ 0.6 g sollicitans and this mosquito is usually not seen far from either the Delaware fE 0.4 E 0.4 Bayshore or Coastal regions. This year, the populations in both the Coastal and :tt • c Delaware Bayshore appeared to be affected by the lack of additional freshwater z 0.2 L------1111-- : 0.2 ::1 :I precipitation, similar to Ae. sollicitans.

0.0 I I '*'I • I I o.o::=~,..,....,..,...,..,...,.."l"'T'"T"",.,.._~I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy36 from the New Jersey State Library Aedes triseriatus - Multivoltine Aedine (Aedes triseriatus Type 2 Aszricultural Coastal I Delaware Bavshore I Delaware River Basin

1.0 ,...... ,...... ············1 1.0 ~------~ 1.0 1.0 ...... ··········································· ...... ,

I 31 31 31 ... 0.8 t------, ... 0.8 ... 0.8 -t------i ... 0.8 -+------+---+------; j 0.6 -t------___J 5 :;5 0.6 g I 06 r·6 e 0.4 0.4 +-----l~f-6---...... f--"""T""-----i -t------i ~ 0.4 ~0.4 T------i I :a: :a: :a: ; . "" 021 i 0.2 i 0.2 +------! i 0.2 I l I~ ' I ' " l:At::I I T I :::& :::& :::& ~0:0 ~• I ~fl~,1 i T 'I' TlT - T >t' • ~l' 0.0 0.0 I ...... 11""1 ·~ ~ I I 0.0 I I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro 1.0 1.0 -.------, 1.0 ,. -----, 1.0 ...------. GI : !: 0.8 +().8 -t------1 +().8 -::= 0.8 +------l = • g = j______-i s = ~.6 ~.6 0.6 ~0.6 -t-----1------1 :I ·; +------l CT f i ! ~.4 0 -t------1------1 ~.4 E 0.4 +------i E 0.4 c • •c "'Ill 2 : 0.2 +------l ~ 0.2 :E r- L • 1 ~:I2\:2i~w I 0.0 1· I I I 1 l_ I 0.0 I I I sq$ I rt I ir I I I I I I¥ 0.0 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week Pin elands Suburban Corridor Comments Aedes triseriatus, the Eastern Treehole mosquito, is a known vector of La Crosse 1.0 'TH •• >> >>>>>>>>>>•>>>>>>>>>>>>>>• ••• 1.0 ~------, encephalitis virus. Transmission to the following year is through overwintering eggs Ill• s +f 0.8 +f 0.0 1 -----'------1 (vertical transmission) that develop into infected adults. Amplification is through "' L ______-- small vertebrates such as chipmunks and tree squirrels. The CDC reports 3 known J 0.6 06. :I I:I ,------cases of La Crosse in New Jersey, all occurring during the mid 1970's. This species is not well attracted to light traps. This year produced populations similar to last year, f o.4 L--~----~- ! 0.4 ,------• • with few seen in the Delaware River Basin, the Philadelphia Metropolitan and : 0.2 i o.2 r----;------_J Pinelands regions. The occurrence in the Northwestern Rural was similar to last year, ::::E ::::E

0.0 I I "-:"" ,.;:;-; I I I ! 0.0 I TT! I T but at a lower abundance. This species, while attracted to anthropogenic habitat, ~. I I I ~ 1 ii ii I~ .. 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 requires more organic material than other container species, such as Ae. japonicus Week Week and may be more affected by drying treeholes.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library .l , .r.tt::Ut;:,,)" lrt VlllUlU,J - lVlUlll VUHUl~ .r.tt;;Utrtt;; \.r.tt;;. Vt;;AUft.l ..'I f.J~) Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

1.0 1.0 ...... ········· 1.0 1.0 • • : +u.8"' +u.8"' +I 0.8 +u.8= g "' I &.6 ~.6 i.6 I 0.6 ::I er er er :I "' "'~.4 ~.4 ~0.4 ~.4 'It 'It 'It 'It f>.2 fJ.2 : 0.2 ;12 :Ill :Ill :::E :::E l ,l._J·r T _,, _..I. ~ 0.0 L.i 0.0 0.0 0.0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

1.0 1.0 15 1.0 ! • • II II +tl.8"' +ti.'8"' +I"' 12 +tl.8"' I "' g I "' i ~ ! '::i. J 9 t.s ts !'·6 i ::I ::I er er er er l Ill Ill ! "' "' I 6 ~.4 ~.4 ~ ~.4 ! 'It i 'It 'It T T c f \ TT I f>.2 -fl.2 II" 3 f>.2 ::E :I! _:rT :I I :::E 11 IT AT _ _J.T-IJ~T-LL1 l1 - -1. 0.0 - JlL )\ 0.0 - ! 0 0.0 •.Uk - I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments· Aedes trivitattus, a multivoltine floodwater species, can generate a number 1.0 1.0 of GI complaints from residents after flooding events. This aggressive, persistent biter is 3l Ill l +u.8 +u.8 most abundant in the Northwestern Rural region. This year, that population was g"' g I ! significantly lower than the previous year. Other severely reduced populations were :so.a :so.a i i i i j the New York Metropolitan and Suburban Corridor, as compared to the previous ~.4 ~.4 ! year. There was some activity in the Philadelphia Metropolitan region early in the 'It 'It 1L f>2 f>.2 season. This species can transmit both trivittatus virus (unknown activity in New :E :E l r Lr~TL_ T 0.0 - . 0.0 I Jersey) and West Nile. 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy38 from the New Jersey State Library Aedes vexans - Multivoltine Aedine (Ae. vexans T e) A£ricultural Coastal I Delaware Bavshore Delaware River Basin

70 30 ...... , 30 ,.------·----, .~~ ...------..., :Ill ~- : • ~~ : 60 +------+------! +425 4------i :: 25 +----+------j +t Ill : 50 J20+-~~~~~~~~~~~----t g 20.l.-~-*~~~~~~~--; j 20 ·:; ~ :I :I O" f 15 4------i 115 Ill 15 E ~ •10 ; 10 -i---~~-....+------++---1"'10 c 4------4------i c ri+----I . L-9+---lii--'----1.I Z51 'tfT~11T_ •• 5 I :Ii! :Ii! i:~~il 0 l~•.•Mii,...._. ol;r..4il~ o~ 1111fl'l"'1 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelnhia Metro

30 ..... ···············...... ························...... , 30 30 ! :: ...... ·································· ···························...... , •Ill Cll +t: 25 Ill ~ 25 ~ 25 J 20 L______- Ill 20 20 g 20 I ·:; ! :t:: O" :I D" :I 8 15 f 15 15 :l' 15 E 0 ; 101_~~~~~~~~~- ~ ; 10 I ~ 10 c 10 l'I c • I GI • Ill Ii :Ii! 5 :I 5 -CD 5 :E :Ii! 1 0 I 11 · a Iliii*i iir , 111i ; 0 1&i•·~-~· 0 '"' I I I I I l:SfSI I fil*I I I ''I I I I I I I I I I iii ol~*"7M 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 1820H24262830323436~404244 Week Week Week Week Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments Aedes vexans is the model for the fresh floodwater mosquito that produces multiple 30 ...... , ~ ~~---~~~~~-----~ generations a year. Populations are very dependent on local conditions, although some 3l :II +I 25 +I 25 areas can be influenced by distant conditions, such as floodwater from streams that Ill 8 20 overflow banks despite no local rains. Large populations are typical for the Delaware ;!::: B 20 :I ·:; i 15 i 15 River Basin (due to dredge spoils) and the Northwestern Rural region (due to the 0 ~ confluence of three streams). Not surprisingly, this year's populations at most of the ; 10 'M: 10 I ! I I c =c sites were significantly reduced due to drought conditions at some point during the 2 ' season. Only in the Delaware Bayshore and River Basin regions were there significantly :::E= 5 11,I I I f 0 .~~:iMi! ... i~li I o I ir'ilWJBI*~~- higher populations for a few weeks. 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Ano Cx. salinarius T Agricultural Coastal Delaware River Basin

1.0 ...... , ...... , ...... , 50 ., ...... , GI "T ...... GI 50 ,------.---.-~--- ; 0.81.0 ······- ··················- ··········-····-· fl) -:: 0.8 I !!40 ~ 40 GI L------, -"------+--tw------. i i 6-0.6 j3oL------~I 30 6- 0.6 :g fl) E 0.4 .,..,__ _ 0 [20 L------~ f 201 I ±Ill E 0.4 c ... c -a: Z 10 I : 0.2 :E - :E :E 0.0 I + • .•• I I $••111 l·:I ..... lh~ 1. • , I ol ._...., 0.0 I ~ .,...,....,. ~ .. I 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro 1.0 ,-----·------·------, 1.0 ~------~ 1.0 1.0 ,.------, • : : .:: 0.0 L------1 ! 0.8 +------1 +I 0.8 +I 0.8 : : ~ 0.6 i 0.6 :;I 0.6 -.---- :::J L.s+------i :::J i f i ~ 0.4 i ; 0.4 .!------j ~ 0.4 ! 0.4 ,------: 0.2 : c - ::IE 0.2 -1------; -: 0.2 I 0.2 ------:::! :E J. 1 0.0 +...... -i..,..,,...... -...,,_ __..... _~l'il--~ 0.0 +...,....,...,...,....,.....,_,....,...... ,.....,....,.....,..,....,...... ,...,...,....,.....,_,....,....j0.0 0.0 +...... ,.,...... i 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pin elands Suburban Corridor Comments

3.0 ,...... ,...... ,... ,...... , Anopheles bradleyi is a salt tolerant floodwater species that exploits more brackish • 1D GI fl) water areas near salt marshes. Its largest populations are found in the Coastal and .:: 2.5 :M • particularly in the Delaware Bayshore, where prodigious populations can be ~2.0 L----+nh--1 ~ produced. Surprisingly low populations have been found in the Delaware River ~ i 1.5 iM 0 Basin, where dredge spoil impoundments have produced significant populations in E OA -~1.0 I I IAll•r I I I earlier years (Slaff and Crans 1982). This year, higher abundances were observed in c •c :i o.5 -1-----rrm i 02 the Agricultural and Delaware Bayshore regions. Last year's populations in the :Iii 1 Suburban Corridor did not show up this year. o.o I :I:V: i':li I I • o.o 1 x•• .e.c ~"""" 1 . 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 2830 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Slaff, M., and W.J. Crans. 1982. Impounded water as a major producer of Cu/ex salinarius (Diptera: Week Week Culicidae) in coastal areas of New Jersey, USA. Journal of Medical Entomology. 19: 185-190.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy40 from the New Jersey State Library ~ ,, - ' .. - Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 GI GI Ill I I Ill : 0.8 +t 0.8 +t 0.8 -:: 0.8 GI Ill sGI ~0.6 ! 0.6 0.6 c:r :::J 0.6 'S I 'CJ' Ill i Ill ~ 0.4 ~ e 0.4 ~ 0.4 ~ 0.4 •c 'It 'It • : 0.2 : 0.2 fi 0.2 ; 0.2 GI GI :IE :E T 'f • r r r , ~ :E :IE l iI lr T 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

1.0 1.0 1.0 3.0 GI GI •Ill Ill +I 0.8 .:: 2.5 ! 0.8 +I 0.8 Ill Ill • = g 2.0 :B 0.6 g 0.6 :t: :::J -~0.6 = CT Ir :::J :::J Ill ,,, c:r 0 UI [ 1.5 ~ 0.4 0 ! 0.4 ~ 0.4 'It fl c 1.0 I • =c : 0.2 :E 0.2 ; 0.2 GI T I :E ~ 0.5 :IE - ,. 0.0 .l .I. 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments 1.0 ------·----··-· ---·-- 1.0 In 2009, abundances in the Pinelands and Philadelphia Metro regions of Anopheles •Ill 31 crucians were high enough to warrant graphing in the 10 regions. The same holds true for +t 0.8 : 0.8 this year, with even higher population abundances recorded in the Philadelphia 5 • :t: 0.6 ~0.6 Metropolitan region. The Pinelands region's abundance was decreased from the previous :::J CT i Ill year. An. crucians is similar to Cs. melanura with overwintering larvae that likely spend ~ ~ 0.4 , ~ 0.4 'It time burrowed in bottom sediment. It can apparently exploit habitats with varying "" I T /·, f TT i 0.2 " : 0.2 amounts of mineral salts not tolerated by other species. But caution must be taken as this ::e 111l h~~TT :E ~I dWJ'T ~ +I TT T- species can be confused with Anopheles bradleyi - one that is truly found in more saline 0.0 IL 0.0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 environments. Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Anovheles vunctivennis - Culex/Anovheles (Cx viviens Tvoe) Al!ricultural I Coastal

5 ,...... , 5 10 ~-----~~~-~~---~ 5 -.------~ Cll Cll GI Ill Ill IllCll : +I 4 .:: 4 +I 8 +I 4 I Ill ~= 3 ·:;.s 3 ~ 6 J 3 ::I ::I ::I i CT CT i ~ 2 ~ 2 ~ 4 ~ 2 .. "" ""; 1 I I I l:Jwlh"Tw>_+ TT ; 1 "" Cll : 2 Cll : ::E ::E ::E :Ii! T Tll_x T T 7 0 I I I 1 I I I I I "'1!• ,1:1.r•t;i.... •w,,T,,~¢Ii 0 0 I *t"YT1 •• ~ I 0 I I 'l"'!""'1I I I I I I I I ,., I I I I I I I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro 5 ,.------· 5 ...------..-...-...------, 5 ...------.------. : 51------1 GI ~ : +I 4y-~~~~~~~~-_j+I 4 +IIll 4 - +• 4 - I II = J ig 3 r-~~~~~~~- ~3 ~3 :I i

:T1~~~~~~~~~~__j2-i------~-~~-J~ 2 ~ f ; 'II: .. 2 c c c •c ~ Cl Cl : • ~ 1 ~ 1 :::E :::E

O I rl 3 ,I r I i ; o 1. I 1;:' v••~ ..1 0 1••dli ~ ...... ~! o~ 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments

5 ...------~ Anopheles punctipennis population abundances were lower than historical trends in the Delaware Bayshore, Delaware River Basin, Northwestern Rural and the Suburban : +I= 4 4.f--~~-1--~~~----iCorridor: Last year, except for the Northwestern Rural region, the others also experienced 3 3.f--~~-f--11--~-~---i J J:I similar low abundances. Last year in the Northwestern Rural, An. punctipennis peaked "f i with a weekly average greater than I 0 mosquitoes/night while this year no week average ~ 2 ~ 2 +-----;-t-+-;trr----- 'It was greater than one. Yet the Philadelphia Metropolitan region maintained populations at I 1 -.,!j 1 I I I 1?.. I If "' I T I - or above historical trends . :::& :::& 1 1 a Jiti , t,i, · ,1,·,,•-z'(i; , , J, , , l• 1 0 I I ,.. ...,.... i 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy42 from the New Jersey State Library uadrimaculatus - Culex/Anovheles (An. uadrimaculatus T e) Ae:ricultural Coastal Delaware River Basin

ST~-~~--~~~-..-~-~~ 5 ...---~------~------, 20 .., ----r-r-.-r--r-r-r------, 5 s : +I= 4 +I= 4 +I +I 4 g 11 1s II ~ !3 :; 3 :s ~3 I I ~ ~2 E 2 E E 2 'It 'It 'It c c c : 1 z : 1 :E :E :E

1 1 I I 0 ~.,&# 0 I.J.. - ,.,,..,.,.. 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 o I ' I -I 14~~- I x,11, ... , "*'~~ i ... 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week New York Metro North Central Rural N orthwestem Rural Philadelohia Metro

5 ,.. ·- ...... , 5.....------, 20 ..------., 5~------. • • : : 4 1------~: 4 +I +I= 4 g 515 :t: 3 _j______i :s g3l_~~~~~~i :t:: J 3 :t: :s ::ii ::ii .,. i .,. Ill 2 2 _j______i ro g 2 ~ 2 E =It: =It: ~ 1 I ______i :c 5 I ; T ii 11111 -•i 1 .!------i i 1 :IE : :E :E• 0 I :I:::J,rr ;I rl!lf ' :E 1 o I I •ntih• ax i 0 I I ...... 1¢r, o~ 18 20 22 24 26 2830 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments

5 .,------.-----~ 5 .,------r---.---.--.------~ In the past, An. quadrimaculatus has been a significant vector of malaria in New Jersey.

I 81 Their populations will grow over the season, and then decline in a pattern similar to +I 4 +I 4 1-----1--+-i---J.-+-I~----~Cu/ex pipiens, except the habitat includes clean water with a tolerance to brackish II ! 3 '3 3 water. In 2010, population reductions were only noted at the Coastal, Delaware i i Bayshore and Pinelands regions, while elevated populations were observed at the ~ 2 ~ 2 I :• I I I I I I I 'II: 'II: Agricultural, Delaware River Basin, Northwestern Rural, Philadelphia Metropolitan and Iii 1 the Subµrban Corridor. :I• 1 ___._,,;~.-.~~~ i 0 I I o~ 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library A hefi lk M (A lk .T ) ~ Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

1.0 -- --- 1.0 GI 1.0 G> 3.0 Ill Ill 8l 3l : 0.8 +I 2.5 +I 0.8 +I 0.8 Ill GI G> .s 2.0 ~0.6 ·:; er i 0.6 I 0.6 Ill ~ 1.5 i i 0 ~ 0.4 ~ 0.4 ~ 0.4 ... 'It ,., ; 1.0 c : 0.2 i 0.2 Ii 0.2 GI : 0.5 :::E :Ii :::E :::E J,_y_ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 I 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

1.0 --··------·------1.0 2.0 1.0

•Ill : 1.8 Ill• +f 0.8 +f +f 0.8 ! 0.8 Ill 1.5 Ill I II • ~ 0.6 ~ 1.3 ! 0.6 ~ ~06 ~ D" ~ Ill i D" 0 :r 1.0 Ill 0 ~ 0.4 ; 0.4 ~ 0.4 ,., E 0.8 ,., c : 0.2 ': 0.5 ~ 0.2 T. : 0.2 " T -~ :E = :I 0.3 :E ~ T .I,.. .u Uo.l..h T v \j...r .,. T 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments

1.0 1.0 ·········································· ...... Anopheles walkeri is the only anopheline to overwinter as an egg and is thus given its G> Ill 3l own life cycle classification (Crans 2004). This species has been found in association +I 0.8 : 0.8 G> with beaver dams in the Northwestern Rural region (Duckworth 2002). This species is

j 0.6 ~0.6 not generally attracted to NJ light traps. Numbers in the Northwest Rural region were ~ er i Ill down this year, occurring primarily in the first half of the season. In past years, An. ~ 0.4 ~0.4 'It ... walkeri had been trapped in the Suburban Corridor. But this year no specimens were m 0.2 : 0.2 trapped there. The Delaware River Basin and the New York Metropolitan regions also ::::! :::E T lr /\.r1J trapped a few specimens. 0.0 0.0 W. 2004 for for the 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Crans, A classification system mosquito life cycles: life cycle types mosquitoes of northeastern United States. Journal of Vector Ecology. 29: 1-10. Duckworth, T and C. Musa. 2002 Beaver Week Week activity- impacts on mosquito control. NJMCA Prnceedings pp 29-36.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy44 from the New Jersey State Library Coauillettidia verturbans - Miscellaneous Grou Aericultural Coastal Delaware Bavshore Delaware River Basin

6 6 -···· ...... , 6 ..----.,.------, 15 -·-, GI .:: 5 +4= 12

9 !;, I er j•6-3 i :g l ~ 6 I ,., ,.,E 2 I c i 3 I 1 :IE :IE o I T .. _...... ,,_ .. ,1 1 I ' I i 0 ol ~ 18 20 22 24 26 ;j28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural N orthwestem Rural Philadelohia Metro 6 fO ------: 15 ,...... ,...... , 6 !l 5 31 +4 0.8 +412= r----r------1 : 51 :c 4 ~4 0.6 L ! 5 I ______~91---·------l -~3 13 :g g fr E 0.4 ~ 6 ~2 : 2 ,., c T Tl 0 2 3 I I T•I I I I -i 1 m1 z ::E :IE ll Ill.Tl_ :IE - T J. TT · ,. i, • • 0 0 i 0.0 I·I Ir(ii;,k I ... 0 I "'111'1'11 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 ~n~~~30~343638~~44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pin elands Suburban Corridor Comments

6 ,...... ,...... 6 ,...... ,...... ,...... , Coquil/ettidia perturbans, a suspected vector of inland EEE cases, spends its larval time •.,, attached to plants and gaining oxygen through the piercing of the plant phloem. This exploitation of plants makes this species more difficult to control. Last year, populations were suppressed in several regions. This year, the suppression continued in the Coastal lllrl!r. I region. This permanent water species rebounded, and made an early appearance in the U r------r.I11111-H+-,.. 111 ~2 -1 L Delaware Bayshore, New York Metropolitan, Northwestern Rural, Philadelphia c -i 1 : 1 Metropolitan, Pinelands and the Suburban Corridor. Later populations in the Delaware ::E :IE 0 0 River Basin were also significant. 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Culex erraticus - Culex/Anovheles (An. uadrimaculatus T A2ricultural Coastal Delaware Ba Delaware River Basin

1.0 ,...... ,...... 1.0 , ....., ...... , GI GI 1.0 2.0 Ill : : Ill 1.8 -:: 0.8 +f0.8 4------+-----l +f 0.8 -:: 1.6 GI .s ll 5 s 1.4 ·~ ·:; 1.2 0.6 ~0.6+------t------+----1 ~ 0.6 :r 1.0 ~ i ~ E 0.4 eo.4 +------t--'l'~-+----1 ~ 0.4 ~ 0.8 ... ,.., 0.6 c ...... :Ii:Z 0.2 I lTI IRJ>oO i 0.2 : 0.4 :Ii: 0.2 ::& TT 0.0 I - + *i I<" ...... i .I J - ti ...... -~ .~ ...I 0.0 0.0 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro

1.0 .,.------, 1.0 1.0~--- 2.0 GI 1.8 : J______--: •Ill Ill +I 0.8 ! 0.8 +I 0.8 +r 1.6 = .1______: 1.4 ~ 0.6 ;, I'5 0.6 J 0.6 ~ 1.2 ;, :J O" r:r Ill g f :r 1.0 ~ 0.4 E 0.4 ~ 0.4 ~0.8 T _ 'It ,.., • 0 6 : 0.2 Ii 0.2 ~ · 111 ti I T •. T :E 0.2 : 0.4 l l :E • = :Ii: :E 0.2 ~ 0.0 ...... _...... __ ...... ~ ..I. ..I. ..I. I 1 TT T 0.0 ...... - ...... 0.0 ~ --1 0.0 - - - 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments 1.0 .....------~ Cu/ex erraticus was first detected in New Jersey in the late 1960's. For most of the

: = ~:~I II : years since then, this mosquito has been thought of as rare. Recently, populations have +f 0.8 -+------< : 1.6 T ' g begun to show up more frequently in traps seen before as well as being seen for the '5 0.6 first time in other areas. Catholic in its diet, Cx. erraticus has been implicated in the i :~I amplification and transmission cycle of eastern equine encephalitis. For the first time in ~ 0.4 -+------! J ... I . New Jersey, this species has been found to be positive for EEE in 2009. Populations i 0.2 +------+++-+--+------; continued to be significantly high in the Philadelphia Metropolitan, and occasionally in ::& o.o 1, , , 1*: , , ,,, : , : r + M ,m;mpti ·,. , 1 It....~ih I the Agricultural, Coastal and the Suburban Corridor. An abrupt drop in the latter was 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 likely due to control efforts directed toward the area with the traps contributing most Week Week toward the population.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy46 from the New Jersey State Library Mixed Culex s iviens/salinarius T Ai!ricultural Coastal Delaware River Basin

.. ·······················...... ! 40 35 +! = 30

:@ 25 :I= f 20 E 15 c =It: : c 10 :E GI 5 :E"' 5 o~.. ~~Jti 0 olrl(;lt;, *i11~•11 ;ll\"""l'ar11I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week· Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro

= :~ ...... 40,----- r ) ------1 :~'I _J +I : ____ g 30 ;~I I 3 25 _j I 25 r· --,:----_J r- _____ ii' 20

f ~~r~-;-tt+++-rr--r-J_,,___J ~151 1 '~~I i ~.Jli±lMIT l I OI~ i 1:: ' o':W: #, ' ' I ;H .... I i1:-.v.~....I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments

40 Mixed Cu/ex spp. (including Cu/ex pipiens, Cx. restuans and Cx. salinarius) are 35 : consolidated into one grc:mp as individuals from the three species can be difficult to +!= ll 30 distinguish after going through a light trap. Two of these (Cx. pipiens and Cx. restuans) ,g 25 are primarily bird feeders, although they may change their diet to include mammals as :I i 20 the summer ends. This is the primary enzootic vector for West Nile virus in the northeast ~ 15 US. Populations in 2010 were affected by drought with decreased abundances in all ~ 10 10 T ITTTTIL r LT regions. Some decreases were small but consistent through the season while other ~"' 5 I I I ...~ T !tlT regions should significant decreases from historical trends. Despite this apparent 0 ~~~~ 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 decrease in the population of the enzootic vectors for WNV, 2010 was the most active Week Week year to date for WNV activity on several levels. It is likely that the drought brought both vectors and hosts closer toe:ether, resulting in an increase in amplification.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Culex territans - Cu/ex/Ano uadrimaculatus T e) Af!ricultural Coastal Delaware River Basin

1.0 ...,.... ------...... , 1.0 ~ 1.0 ~------~ 1.0 3l 3l 3l 3l il 0.8 +I 0.8 +I 0.8 +------+I 0.8 g 5 g ~0.6 ~ 0.6 ~ 0.6 :g 0.6 +------i :I .l------j i i ~ 0.4 +----+----+------i r 0.4 ~ 0.4 +------! •c : 0.2 +-----t-----+-----T:i+-:r-----i ftl 0.2 : 0.2 4------i - 411 - ::E ::E ::E 0.0 I .l. .. I ,J:AAJ:'•':1J:--=·f!ie\ I I 0.0 I I)~~~ pl,!~,., I I 0.0I~111*!111111t*Iii111111111I f ::1 ~~--=~-I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro

1.0 1.0 T -- . 1.0 ~------, 1.0 -T------.,------~----

•Ill • •!II +I +I 0.8 ~------t-----; 0.8 +------! ! 0.8 .:: 0.8 +------1 : fl : _.g 0.6 +------.10.6 j o.6 +----,H------, ~ 0.6 ~------~--f-+---,9-----i :! :I :I O' er Ill ~ 0 f !II ~ 0.4 -!'------; E 0.4 ~0.4 .l------+++------i ~ 0.4 .J------++--+--++-+------i • • •c : 0.2 i ~ 0.2 I T I '.ri I I - I - +------.__----! :I! 0.2 Nf ::E ::E• i0.2~ 0.0 I I I I •• I I I pt;Si I I 1: I I I Rl*jlq\ I I I 0.0 I I ,., I ~ I I I I ,ll,lll pqapr .. I 0.0 1--1-...... -.-.- ...... ~- ...... -- ...... - ...... 0.0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 . 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments

1.0 ,.------.------. 1.0 .,...... ···················· ------··"'""Cu/ex territans is a specialized frog-feeder with cold tolerance that allows it to be :: 3l present when early-season frogs appear. This means that a portion of the population +I 0.8 +------.-++------: 0.8 • is not likely recorded in the light traps as they have already appeared and ~ ·~o.6 ~ 0.6 L------1 disappeare~before the traps were turned on. As with other Cu/ex, females r:r CT 111 overwinter in protected hibernaculae. This species is found throughout most of New ~0.4 J.---...+-;F-l-4++-1H-:--~----;~0.4 L------1 Jersey. Last years' patterns among the regions continued to 2010, with the exception • 0 2 of the Northwestern Rural region where populations decreased significantly. This · 1 !I'ft'· 1 ! :::1 .• 1181iUiT!rd1 i 0.0 . 1·1·1 I I may indicate that the previous year was the exceptional year and that patterns have 18 20 22 24 26rn 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 returned to normal in that region. Week Week

·4a You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Culiseta melanura - Uniaue (Cs. melanura T A2ricultural Coastal Delaware Bavshore Delaware River Basin

6 .,...... , 6 6 ~: .... .,.------, CD ri...····· ...... ! UI · : r • ~ 5 ;------~ : 5 :: 5 CD 4 ·:;s 4 ·:;J J 4 i ~: [ 3 -r------_j i 10 g. 3 r3 ; 2 t---~--~~~~~~~J ~ 8 I c ""c 2 "" 6 "" 2 : 1 i 4 c :E - r-----i I 1 : 1 ~ 2 :IE 0 1-li~··i·*r*il:llilWI:I I I 1 ... :i\A:tr I 0 0 0111:1"1 xi'ir I 1 Iii I I 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural N orthwestem Rural Philadelohia Metro

6-.------~ 6 .,...... ················ ...... , 6 .,...... , 6 • • • .:: 5 .:: 5 .:: 5 ! 5 UI s 4 g 4 J 4 J 4 ·s ::r i3 13 f 3 0 i3 0 : 2 I 2 2 2 :c 2 - c ""c ""c : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 :I :I :I :I o-+-ro..,..,._.,...... ,..,....,_.,...... ,...... ,.. ..,...,. I 1 , I ...... -.-l 0 -t""T'....-r-.-r--.-.-.-,....,.....,....,...... ,....,~.-.-..,....,...... al Hi*: i o xi ••• !+,, •+• It 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 ~~~26~30~34~38~~44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments

-·· 6 .,..... Culiseta melanura is the enzootic vector of eastern equine encephalitis virus. This • species overwinters as larvae in the acidic waters of peat bogs, usually safely inside .:: 5 crypts formed at the base of trees. This makes larval control of them particularly J 4 difficult.. Historical values of the Pinelands clearly show the second generation where ':i :r 3 most EEE amplification occurs that develops during the second half of the season. 0 Last year, abundances in that region were high, contributing to the overwintering ; 2 c larvae that would emerge in 2010. Indeed, the high 2009 population led to a high : 1 :I first generation in the Pinelands (and Coastal and Delaware Bayshore regions as o I : s, * f: : :I: : : : : i well). However, the drought that ~ontinuedinto the summer likely reduced the 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 ~ 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 potentially abundant second generation, which appeared only at historical levels. Week Week EEE activity also was decreased from the previous year.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Psorovhora ciliata - Multivoltine Aedine (Ae. vexans Tvoe) Al!ricultural Coastal Delaware Ba Delaware River Basin

1.0 ~-···········...... , 1.0 , ...... ········y ...... , 1.0 ···································-···"····-···-··············-··-················-· 1.0 , ...... ··············· ··············· ...... , I I s +t 0.8 : o.8 L----t;:------+f 0.8 +------< i 0.8 0 0.6 ·:; 0.6 .!-----+~-:::---t-t1---iJ 0.6 :t! 0.6 I +------!------< :I 5:I 1-----tt------:t:!• ::s i 0.4 +------1--1------1 f 0.4 -l---PH--tHtt~---i( 0.4 f o.4 L---tl-\t-:----rr-1 'II: 0 'II: 'II: E 02 I I I l'\:I f \ I ' : 0.2 I I I I I '\IPJ I fi 0.2 i 0.2 :it, • I :E GI :E• :E c TT IT - - T : 0.0 I I,.,.~I I ,.... , I I I I I I I I I ;i I I I I I i 0.0 0.0 0.0 I I I I I .. I •, .,.., I M I" I ,,, I I I I :E 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week. Week

New York Metro North Central Rural N orthwestem Rural Philadelohia Metro

1.0 , ...... 1.0 1.0 ~----~------, 1.0 ~------. GI •Ill Ill =i : +t 0.8 +t 0.8 +t 0.8 ... o.8L------, •Ill g ~ 0.6 !·:; 0.6 ~ 0.6 1 ::I =:I L_~-+tt-m~~'S 0.6 er g :I .J______~ ~ 0.4 E 0.4 E ( o.4 L----M+-tH-- s 0.4 'II: 'II: c 'II: c 0.2 •.0.2 : -i 0.2 : 0.2 L------___:h:---:;:------1 " :E :E :E :E ,. .J...:z: I ~ l - 0.0 I 0.0 0.0 I .,...I I I fXl'EPEP'IZll - - ,, I o.ol ~yp,z I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments

1.0 1.0 ...------,---..,.-,------, Psorophora ciliata is a large mosquito that preys upon smaller mosquitoes such as : : Psorophora columbiae and Ae. vexans as larvae. As a floodwater mosquito, both +f 0.8 +f 0.8 habitat and prey are important in the abundance of this species that could result. This = year, population patterns were similar to the previous year, but at lower numbers, I 0.6 ~0.6 particularly in the Northwestern Rural and Suburban Corridor, likely reflective of the f l ~ 0.4 E 0.4 extended drought. Prey numbers for Ps. co/umbiae were also down (see next graph). .... 'II: c : 0.2 2" 0.2 ::!! l .I 0.0 - 0.0 I I I I i*l ,,. I I ?¥"\•; I I .~.,, I I "?I I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

50 You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Psorovhora columbiae - Multivoltine Aedine (Ae. vexans T Aszricultural Coastal I Delaware Bavshore I Delaware River Basin

1.0 ~····· ...... , .,...... ······:::··r··········· ······················1 20 ...... ····1···· ...... , 1.0 1.0 31 3l 3l 31 +t +I 0.8 +I 0.8 +------; +t 0.8 .l------+a----+-----; j 15 Ill g 5 5 ·:; ~ 0.6 '5 0.6 +------+------; ~ 0.6 +------tll+--+--t----i :I :::1 · ( 10 1----;rt--t't------__j O" g ~ 0.4 ..______----! 0.4 0.4 I I • \I 1 I ii ft I 'II: E r 'II: :it :it : 5 I I lhlt T c ftl 0.2 fi 0.2 I • IT 1l :E Cll Cll ol, .w,l, ,,,,, :E :E ..... 0.0 I,.,.,-,,•, I 00 I " ' ,.,.,., ... - I " " ' I I ! :: I.. ~~t')ig,.I 2:L' I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34. 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural I Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro

1.0 ~···························································································································! 1.0 I 1.0 ~------~ 6.0 ~---.----1 Ill• Ill• •Ill +t 0.8 +t 0.8 +t 0.8 +I= 5.0 Ill Ill 0.6 I 0.6 I 0.6 J4.0 :::I :::I I :::I O" IT IT Ill Ill ~ 3.0 0 0 g E 0.4 E 0.4 E 0.4 ~ 'II: 'II: 'II: .. 2.0 c c c c 0.2 0.2 0.2 II : : : :I 1.0 I --- I __ ...... _ ,, .... :I :E :E J .. 0.0 I I I I I I I I I I ,+ r:-4:I I I I I 0.0 I I I I ,...., i9i I 0.0 ~~ 0.0 I r.;z)l, •!*r·+ ;:;cr,!ti 1 I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments

1.0 .,...... , .. .,...... , Psorophora columbiae is a smaller psorophoran that is preyed upon by its larger brethren. All the psorophorans are floodwater mosquitoes in New Jersey. As such, +t31 0.8 I I I; I il 11 I I,. I and as one of the food sources for the larger psorophorans, the population size of this

:t=g 0.6 I I I I II \I I I I I I I I I mosquito as well as rain events can regulate the larger psorophorans. In 2010, the :::I I downward trend of this species continued under drought conditions. Patterns were I~ 0.4 I I I I • "I IPC I I similar to 2009, but population sizes were smaller, with the exception of the :it ~I I Ii 0_2 I .. 1 I I 1111I I I ! 1.0 I I Agricultural region. :E• 1 O.Ol1171r 1,7;"":Mt1~~ I 0.0 I . JlllZl*I I ,.,.,.,,,., I • , I .,, I I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library - ' Agricultural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

1.0 1.0 ...... 1.0 1.0

81 I +I := 0.8 +I 0.8 0.8 +I= 0.8 II II ~ 0.6. 0.6 i I 0.6 ~ 0.6 CJ" i Ill 0 T E 0.4 0.4 0.4 iE 0.4 ll :a: r ~ c :a: 'It "" : 0.2 i 0.2 fi 0.2 fi 0.2 T ~1lV\r :E .... :E :I• • . "' J: ~ ..:r .l. 2 :I! 0.0 .I. .I • .Jr ~ .I ;J\J}d 0.0 J. 0.0 0.0 I ~ 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week Week Week

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

1.0 ········································ 1.0 1.0 ~ 1.0 Ill I •Ill • •Ill •Ill +I +t 0.8 +I 0.8 0.8 +I 0.8 I Ill I Ill l 0 g • ~ 0.6 ;!:: 0.6 .i 0.6 • I :I ::J :I ~0.6 CJ" CJ" CJ" CJ" Ill 8 8 Ill 0 0.4 E 0.4 E 0.4 I E ~ 0.4 .... I .... •c c T .. 0.2 • r I .. 0.2 : 0.2 • fi 0.2 ::E• :E :E ,_l_h • )~ 1 JT :E 1_TTT I - ~M ~ 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments

1.0 1.0 -- Psorophora ferox is a relatively large and aggressive mosquito that produces a fierce : bite as an adult. They can attack when disturbed at their resting site. As like other +I= 0.8 +I 0.8 multivoltine aedine-type life cycles, Ps. ferox can emerge after flooding events. As ~ ~ :s 0.6 :s 0.6 with Psorophorans and floodwater species, Ps. ferox abundances were reduced in i i 20 I 0 from 2009 trends. ~ 0.4 ~ 0.4 :a: :a: i 0.2 i 0.2 :E :E T T_l TT T T _Lr ]'..l. 0.0 - 0.0 T.rJ 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy52 from the New Jersey State Library Uranotaenia sa hirina - Culex/Anovheles (An. uadrimaculatus T Au:ricultural Coastal Delaware River Basin

10 ,...... ··························r·· ...... , 1.0 1.0 ---, I . 1.0 I I 31 +I +I 0.8 ~ 0.8 L------+-1------i +I 0.8 0.8 g :@= 0.6 I 11 lti 4- f i 0.6 -i------+-t-+-----1 ~ 0.6 J 0.6 :Ii f :i :i i Q4 I •I~ ~0.4 I ' I• I i 0.4 E 0.4 f .... E :a ...... 0.2 I I I I 11 c c I ftJ 0.2 0.2 I 0.2 :IE GI : :E :E :IE I I I I I I I I I I II'\ I • 0.0 I I I I T"71 0.0 0.0 ~ 0.0 I '*' 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 I 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week I Week Week Week

New York Metro I North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro

1.0 I 1.0 , ...... ···················y-····· ..···· ...... , 5.0 ~ ...... ,...... , ...... ,...... , ...... T GI GI Ill Ill 31 : +I +I 0.8 0.8 +------+------; +I 20 +I 4.0 Ill GI :i 0.6 ~= 0.6 ------++-+------; 3.0 :i J:;, 15 J:Ii CT Ill g 0 0.4 E 0.4 -+------++-+------t E f 2.0 ...... f .... c : 0.2 •c 5 I .I. ••Ill++ I \ fi 1.0 I :E m :E• ~ 0.0 I I T 0.0 I I I I I. I '; I I ~!Biik:I I I I ! ::i."' "HllJj 0 I I-·~ 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 Week Week Week Week

Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments

1.0 ~...... 5.0 ...... This small mosquito is generally considered not to be a health threat, although

31 31 eastern equine encephalitis and West Nile viruses have been detected in them in the +I 0.8 ------+-++-+++-----! +I 4.0 -t------t-1H--t-+----; I 8 US. Although it is found throughout New Jersey and is often recorded in the light '5 0.6 :s 3.0 traps of this program and can overwinter near anthropogenic sources, this mosquito f apparently bites few humans. Largest populations occur in the Northwestern Rural ~ 0.4 I i 11'1 T •: I I 2.0 I I I I ., \I I I' :a :a region and the Suburban Corridor. Typically, populations will build up, then slowly 1 0 decline. In 2010, areas such as the Coastal, Delaware Bayshore, River Basin, 1 1 :·: ·:r . i! ! I l•UllW I 0.0 I rpn!mr!!T:'r, ...... ~ Northwestern Rural, Pinelands and the Suburban Corridor showed significant 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 ·18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 decreases in the second half of the season. However, the Agricultural and the two Week Week metropolitan regions did not show any decrease from historical trends.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library NEW JERSEY ADULT MOSQUITO SURVEILLANCE Report for 26 June to 2 July 2011, CDC Week 26 Prepared by Lisa M. Reed, Scott Crans and Mark Robson Center for Vector Biology

~lITGERS~DAe. ~ This New JeieY AgficulluAll Experment Station report Is supported by Rutgers Uriivetsfty, H8tth funds, funding from the NJ State Mosquito C

Summary Table - Week 26

Aedes vexans Cu/ex Mix Coquil/ettldla perturbans Aedes solllcftans

This 11 Region I This Average* Increase Average* Increase This Week Average Increase This Weak Average" Increase Week Week Agricultural 0.23 2.92 0 0.37 2.51 0 0.26 0.49 0 0.09 0.05 Coastal 1.03 6.43 0 5.27 6.97 0 0.21 0.63 0 29.89 4.62 Delaware 6.43 2.67 28.80 15.63 '2 6.23 1.42 6.49 6.86 Ba~hore

Delawar~River I I Basin 2 •86 6.55 I 0 I 1.50 I 2.09 I 0 I 1.07 I 0.16 I ii 0.00 I 0.01 NeW'YOrk Metro I 0.60 I 4.29 I 0 I 4.17 I 6.76 I 0 I 0.07 I 0.24 I 0 I 0.79 I 0.18 North Central I I B!!!!L 0 .12 0.23 I 0 I 0.29 I 1.25 I 0 I 0.00 I 0.04 I 0 I 0.00 I 0 ..00 I 0 Northwest Rural I 1.20 I 7.94 I 0 I 4.63 I 3.50 0.50 I 3~36I 0 I 0.00 I o.oo I 0 Philadelphia .. 0 Metro 0.64 9.74 0 1 00 7.60 0 I 0.04 I 0.96 I 0 I 0.00 I 0.00 I Pinelands 0.79 2.66 0 1.81 3.37 0 0.29 1.05 0 0.25 I 0.06 Suburban 2.71 4.71 0 1.64 3.80 0 0.14 0.76 0 0.00 0.02 Corridor I *Averages represent data from; at most,. the previous 5 years. Increase is a scale of current values from historical values where no difference or a d~~r~~~.~is represented by O (blue), up to 50% greater difference by 1 (green), up to 100% greater difference by 2 (yellow), up to 150% greater difference by 3 (~rang~) and greater than 150% increase by 4 (II). White cells in the increase column denote increases from an historic zero and thus no value can be appropriately given.

State Summary: Significant increases in pestiferous populations continue. Higher than recent historical values for Aedes vexans was observed in the Delaware Bayshore. For Cu/ex Mix, higher numbers continued in the Delaware Bayshore and the Northwest Rural. Coquillettidia petturbans numbers also continued with high abundance in the Delaware Bayshore and River Basin. Aedes so/Hcitansnumbers were high in the two regions of traditionally significant values, the Coastal and Delaware Bayshore as well as in the New York Metro and Pinelands. ·

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy54 from the New Jersey State Library Climate Factors

Average High Temperature Average Low Temperature Total Precioitation

D~i l'G'JJ!S! []30 mec IDif32 •G~ M!4 •&l mes •6£ .33 •tt•es

The three figures show the interpolation of average maximum and minimum temperature and total precipitation from 1 July to 8 July, 201 'I in New Jersey. Data points are from about 37 weather stations maintained through the New Jersey Weather & Climate Network and the State Climatologist. Interpolation between points was perfom1ed using ArcMap 10.

Average high temperatures were seen in the interior southern half of New Jersey. Average low temperatures were slightly warmer than last week and were highest along the coastal region (moderating effects of larg'e bodies of water- i.e .• the Atlantic Ocean). Precipitation patterns changed as higher rainfall shifted southward. NJr~&..

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library The Species Graphs: The species graph pages include a graph with two plots for each of the ten regions defined on the first page (Agricultural, Coastal, Delaware Bayshore, Delaware River, New York Metro, North-Central, Northwestern, Philadelphia Metro, Pinelands, and Suburban Corridor). Below is an example of one graph from one species within one region. The bar plot show the average number of mosquitoes per trap 'vvlthinthe region (weekly means) and line plots show the historical trend as the average number of mosquitoes from ~heprevious 5 years (5-year average). In general, historical data are running means from the previous 5 years, but on occasion, will include data from fewer years. Adjustments are made to account for year discrepancies. Data for these weeks are from Atlantic. Bergen, Camden, Cape May, Hunterdon, Mercer, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Salem, Sussex, Union and Warren counties. Last week included Atlantic, Bergen, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Essex, Hunterdon, Mercer, Middlesex, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Salem, Somerset, Sussex, Union and Warren counties. Note: County data is sent in at a variety of times during the week.

Weekly Means Against 5-year Average

Aedes vexans

175 -r---·-·--'------·--···-t----··-----1---·------·---·-. ~ +I 150 I '- I I I

125 -t --···------"'·-----··

J:I 1QQ I ' I I I II I

75 I I llrllll • I 50 ...__~ =ti:: c 25 ---- ca 4J 0 : r= :E 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 MAY Week OCT

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy56 from the New Jersey State Library Aedes vexans - Fresh Floodwater Species Multivoltine Aedine (Ae. vexans Type)

Aaricultural Coastal Delaware Bavshore Delaware River Basin lo TD,------.. :er------~ !~r-~~~~~~----l J fil) ~JQr~~~~~~~--J i: I f • I zQPJ;;;;:I t o I *'"'r~,.-.'~ )ii.,' I ta 20 22 24 20 28 30 32 34 ao 38 40 42. 44 ~~~~~~~~34~~~~~ 1a 20 22 24 20 :ie ao 32 34 3e 3!1 40 •'2 44 ~•n~~~~~~u~~~~ Week WHk Wel!k W'4!t

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro 30 1f!y------s 33 25 1 ! L - :. 1;l) I , I ~ 25 r-----__j g j 20' - i 5l) i 20 s 4il f ~5 - r---M-n______, •10 - 1*11 I r:r----r"-Tm____,.....li_r ____JI ! ::-11liirl 11 I 5 J - .. I ...... , :Ii I!) r c I ~ I 19 21 23 :!5 27 29 31 33 35 37 30 41 413 18 3D 32 38 -42 -44 tQ 21 23 2!i 29 31 33 37 31141 43 20 :n 24 26 28 34 36 40 19 2J 22 24 2e 2e 3() 3;! 38 4C 42 44 Zi 35 WHk ~ 3' WHft Wftk Wfffl. Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Aedes vexans populations remain at or lower than historical values in all but the Delaware Bayshore. While most of the activity from traps for that region showed a slight increase in numbers, one locale was particularly active. This was despite June's lower precipitation for southern NJ as compared to the northern half of the state. There was.minor local rainfall event that occurred earlier, likely contributing to enough flooding conditions for emergence to occur.

t8 20 22 241 26 29 30 32 34 3e 38 ~ 42 44 18 3l 22 l4 28 28 30 32 34 30 38 40 42 .... WHk Week

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Cu/ex Mix - Permanent Water Species Multivoltine Cu/ex/Anopheles (Cx. pipiens Type) Aarlcultural Coastal Delaware Bavshore Delaware River Basin 40 • 35 ... i ! :1 Ill I "' 30 !~I s 20 i 25r· I 20 2tl -----· ·: f 15 t 15 ~1sr------=---_J "" I~ 10 i c w i 1D :I! 5 iJliJrlLiJJll.I 5 0 I s51-t-H 0 o...:i~$, I 18 zo 22 24 20 28 30 32 3" 30 39 4D 42 44 HI 20 22 24 28 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 t8 20 22 24 26 28 30 3:2 34 31! 39 40 -42 ¥. 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 3.2 34 :iie 38 40 42 44 Wee.k WHk Wffli: WHk

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro 40 !~I• I f:1 I -lw • 5l~,-1-r-.,-.--E.L-~-.---,--~,-.-.~.--~~~~~1 0 I I I •• Ph : ... I .... l"l .p . 0 0 18 ;;)"J 22 24 2e 29 30 32 34 36 39 40 42 44 18 :ID 22 2" 21$ 2B 30 32 34 38 38 40 42 44 19 21 23 25 21 29 31 :!3 3e 37 JP 41 43 19 21 23 25 Zl 29.31 33 35 37 39 41 4:?, Wff'k Week Wffk Wftt Ptnelands Suburban Corridor Comments

•or-~~~~~~~~~~- Cu/ex Mix is composed of Culex pipiens .. Cx. restuans a11dCx, salinarius. • 35 rL______J These three species (especially pipiens and restuans) are often difficult to tell

30 i r~------J apart after encountering the damaging blades of the New Jersey light trap. *26r------_J Currently, local populations in the Delaware Bayshore continue lo show t~r------~ significant increases, with most of the contribution from Cx. sa/i11srius. ~ 15 i fO r------_j I ~, __ . ,,.,,11 - '"-' !) • • • • • ~.~ .... u.. u~n~~~~~~~~~~~ 18 20 22 :24 2e lil 30 !2 34 38 .38 40 42 44 WMk Wwtk

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy58 from the New Jersey State Library Culiseta melanura - Miscellaneous Group Unique (Cs. melanura Type)

Aaricultural Coastal Delaware Bavshore Delaware River B_asin 6 8 G --~ 6 ----·------i : 5 I s I 5 815 ~------i J4 i.. i d i 4 ~------i ;,3 13 l3 '·3 ~ I - .. ... I I ~. • 2 "' 2 ITI I I J • 2 -tt-1,___..,...______---! • 2 -1------1 ~, • 1 ., ' • - 1 It J 11 ,I _ s,~------i I -· -- - L :I '- ~ht.II!~ 2 ~.tJ~ .. - -- T----L_ _l_ I - 0 • D • -. -. • • • • • 0 0 -1-...... ,..,.~ ...... -.,.,...._--l 1s 21 24 2; 30 33 36 a1i 42 1s 20 :12 24 2e 2a ao a2 34 :?6 as .-o.jj2 44 te 20 22 24 ~ .2a :io 32 34 35 39 40 .jj2 ..... 1e 20 zz. 24 :ze.2! 30 32 34 ae. 3S 40 42 ~ Wuk Week Wffk WH4c

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

c a ~ a---~~~~-~~-~ :• 5 :• 5 ::• !i :• 5 ..,______--!

j 4 J 4 • .. I " +------1 ·13 i 3 L 13....._._ ___ _.. • 2 ~2 ~2 ... 2 +------t c • - a 1 i, it !~+------... • :E :I l • - "'·- .. 0 • • • • • • 0 • {) - -~ -- 0 ~ 19 20 22 24 2e 29 30 32 3'4 3e 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 :zo 28 30 32 3-4 30 39 40 42 44 lP ; 1 ~ :ze27 ~ ;, 33 35 37 aQ41 43 • tP 21 23 25 27 2i 31 33 35 37 3Q 41 43 Wuk We.it WHll Wwk

Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments & e Culiseta melanura is the enzootic omithophilic vector of eastern equine • 1 ,. encephalitis. Some recent activity for this species has been observed in the 5 ; : ~ Delaware Bayshore region. This is in contrast to the below historical trends 4 ~ .t J observed in the resting boxes, a preferred trap. Numbers are expected to be t 3 'J , il I f 3 low at this period between generations. Numbers should begin to rise as the ! 2 ' ' T ·r T ! 2 offspring from the current generation, plus overwinter firsts and seconds finally r TT 1TTJ..l in the i 1 'l \.l llll T i 1 develop, showing the typical rise population numbers as displayed by :1 r ~... T· .. Y "\...... 2 ~ historical trends in the Pinelands. (l ~ Q --.-.---.-.--.-.. 18 20 Z2 24 211 28 30 32 34 3e 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 2' 28 l!O :!2 34 31! 3a 40 42 44 WHk WHll

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Aedes sol/icitans - Salt Floodwater Species Multivoltine Aedine (Ae. sol/icitans Type)

Aaricultural Coastal Delaware Bavshore Delaware River Basin

f; I"• : : ..r------1~-I--- : ...= 40:~E II l .. 4 , 0 35 - :I 3 = f ,---J_l_ _ __J :ti! 30 l ,ILd:l 1T •IC *I 1111.LUU. I I. fc: 10 :i ~ j s aI ' - ~- ..l 0 0 '~ta:;:a 22242e 21130 32 34 3e 38 404244 111 21.1 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 2a 30 32 34 ae 39 40 42 44 18 ZJ 22 24 2' 28 30 32 a4 3t1 38 4D 4.1 44 Wffk Weelc Week Weefl

New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelohia Metro

..: 4.,______,. +4 4 !. = +------t ~'+------~ 41------. j I I 3 l J f 2 +---+------1 ~ 2+-----~~~~~-~~~~ f 2L----1 Ii •t • i I 1+-~~~~~~~~--i :I- I

0 • ~IT",..,....,..,.T",. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ! • 1Q =.1 3!5 18 20 22 24 2n 28 30 32 34 3tl 38 40 42 44 :t2 :IA 2f 2& 31:, 3:1 '.!4 36 ~! 40 Al :a 23 25 ~ 31 33 37 39 41 43 w "" 11! 21 23 :25 27 29 31 33 35 ~731) 41 43 Week W•H W@k w.~ Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments e..------., Aedes sol/icitans population abundances remain significantly high in the : .. Coastal and Delaware Bayshore regions as this second emergence ~ 4+------! • continues. Numbers were also above historical trends in the New York Metro i 34------t region. The migratory nature of this species is also reflected in the higher ! populations of the Pinelands. f 2 I • • i I ~ 1+-~~~~~~~~~--1 Next Fun Moon: 15 July.· :I' I n I, #ll'll'lllll'uV V rr:=;: ~I 19 .w 22 24 26 2a 30 32 34 :?e 38 40 42 44 ~a20 :z:zz4 2e :za 3:J 32 34 3e 39 40 42 ..,. WHk WHk

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy60 from the New Jersey State Library Aedes cantator - Salt Floodwater Species Multivoltine Aedine (Ae. sol/icitans Type)

Aaricuttural Coastal Delaware Bayshore Delaware River Basin

to 50 50 10 I s ..• .. a '"• 8 +t 40 ~ 40 lit I ao

I: t 20 I,. : ... I: T - T • f h "" ~TIIT IT - s 2 I 10 i 10 i 2 :& ;_ ! IT .Jtl:rl T ~L _i \. _yJ_T :I ~ \__ iil "A. Llf: -T~ 1.u'\I I .::t.--- 0 . _ . 0 0 :l 0 ~ ~ 18 :m 22 24 20 28 30 32 34 31138 40 42 44 f!I 20 Zl Z4 2e 29 30 32 34 ~ 38 40 42 44 1!1 :W 22 24 ~ 28 3D ~ :J.1.36 38 40 42 44 18 2.0 2Z 24 :2t1 28 3D 32 34 30 38 40 42 44 Week Weefl Week Wmc New York Metro North Central Rural Northwestern Rural Philadelphia Metro

10 10 to 10 a s I ,,.. 8 ..• 8 +I B +I 8 I I o I 6 1 e l e f 4 ( 4 f 4 T e .. ... T • • I 2 I 2 I 2 2 Til:tT'f ...__ • :I 0 0 lJ - 0

18 ZJ 22 24 20 29 30 34 31!! 40 42 .+4 2C< i'lM IP 21 2:! 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 ~ la :W 22 24 28 3·0 32 3' 30 38 40 42 44 19 20 :.i 24 ::ie 20 JO :i2 34 30 :ia 40 42 44 23 21 WHk Week We~ Wffk

Pine lands Suburban Corridor Comments 10 to Last week, Aedes cantator populations appeared to be on the decline and this was to be the last set of graphs for this species unless unusual activity is ...• a ...•• a observed_ While most populations continued to decline, high activity was I e observed in the Delaware Bayshore. This was at the same site that Aedes i vexans populations were also high. Both species being a floodwater species i '4 I: (one fresh, one sail) suggests that a significant (but local) rainfall event • • occurred, but likely not within the correct conditions required for exceptional Ae. I 2 I 2 rTl1.r_ ,. _ TT sollicitans hatching_ 0 0 1!! 20 22 24 21' 29 30 32 34 ~ 39 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 2!I 21! :m 32 34 ~ 38 40 42 ~ Wwk Wwk

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Coquillettidia perturbans Monotypic ( Coq. perturbans Type)

Aaricultural Coastal Delaware Bavshore Delaware River Basin s sr------=- I!:'·_ ...... 6 :~r=---- +I s =i r------J !11L__~-!i-~~~~-I I34r-~~~~~~_J f 3r-~~~~~~_J t L, I s ~.. r------_J • jl J ~ () 0 I I I P'P'I o~.... c~~-_J Cl I I I'"'°"""" I I,, I I I I I I I I I I I I I I It 18 20 22 24 2S 26 30 J2 34 36 3-'.tO 42 44 18 :ro22 24 2tl 28 30 3l 34 36 38 40 42 44 I 1!1 20 Z! ::!4 2'5 26 30 32 34 3a 38 40 42 44 I HI 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 M 31! ~ 40 42 +t Week ~ek Wnk W

New York Metro North Central Rural I Northwestern Rural I Philadelohla Metro 1~..-~~~~~~~~~~~~ : 5 ..s "~ •'.or !u L------ .. if:.: { s L-~-f-~~~~ 0.4 IG!--~+r-~~~~--i .. .. j 021 j3.l----.,,--AJ-ttt-r-~~~, ,,J ... II on ' ' l: :Vt?.V: i 19 2022 24 2e 2B 30 32 3-4 l6 38 40 42 44 20 22 24 20 29 30 32 34 311 38 40 42 ~ 1g 21 23 :is Xi 29 31 33 3~ 'J.7 39 41 43 IQ 21 23 2!i IT .211 31 3a 35 37 3P 41 43 WHk Weel1 Week WMk Pinelands Suburban Corridor Comments Coquillettidia pe1turbans populations have shown some significant activity in the l 8 # e+-~~~~~~~~~~--t Delaware Bayshore and Delaware River Basin regions, as well as earlier in the Coastal region. This species, a potential inland vector for Eastern Equine Encephalitis, can be a difficult species to control as the larvae are found i :1---+------1 attached to plant roots and stems to obtain oxygen (Romanowski and • Candeletti). Drainage may be the most effective method for larval control. I= c I ll'='V 'M ~ 7'Mi1 I Romanowski, Mand Candeletti T. 1984. Identification and surveillance of Coquillettidia perturbans 1s 20 22 2• ze 2e 30 32 34 ~·38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 2& 28 :m:?2 34 36 38 40 42 .... WHk Wffk breeding habitat, with observations on larviciding techniques, in Ocean County, N.J. Proc. N. J. Mosquito Control Assoe. pp. 54-58. http://www.rci.rutgers.edul-insects/sp'16.htm

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy6'2 from the New Jersey State Library WNV EEE

Top Ten Mosquito Species/Region - • Ae. albopictus, •Ae.japonicus (invasives}; II Cs. melanura orCx. erraticus [] Coq. perlurbans Note: In early season when fewer species are caught, graphs may show fess than ten species listed.

Agricultural Total# mosquitoes

Cu/ex Mix Ae. vexans Ae. canadensis Ae. cantator Coq. petturbams An. punctipennis An. quadrimacu/atus Ae.japonicus ex. erraticus Ae. grossbeck; --~~~~~~--~~~~~~~--~~~~~~~...._~~~~~~--~~~~~~~- 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Coastal Total# mosquitoes

Ae. sollicitans Cu/ex Mix Ae. cantator Ae. vexans An. bradleyi Ae. taeniarlwnc/Jus Coq. perturbans Ae. canadensis An quadrimaculatus Cs. melanura

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 ·10000

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Delaware Bayshore Total# mosquitoes

Ca/ex Mix An.bradleyi Ae. cantator Coq. perturbans Ae. sollicitans Ae. canadensis An. quadnmaculatus Ae. vexans Cs. melanura

Ae. taeniorhynchus ______...... ______..

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Delaware River Basin Total# mosquitoes

Ae. vextms

Culex Mix

Coq.perturbans

Ae. cantator Ur. s apphirina

An. quadrimacuratus

Ps. cotumbae

Ae. stfcticus

Ps. ciliata

An. puncttpennis

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy64 from the New Jersey State Library New York Metropolitan Total# mosquitoes

CllleX Mix Ae. vexans Ae. sol!icitans Ae. cantator Ae. st;ctieus Coq. perturbans An. punctipenn;s Ae. canadensiS Ae. japonitus ex. territans

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

North Central Rural Total # mosquitoes

Cufex Mix Ii Ae. vexans l' An. punctipennts Ae. sticticus Ae. grossbecki Ae. canadensis .. An quadrimacutatus Coq. perturbans Ps. columbae Ae. triser;atus

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Northwest Rural Total # mosquitoes

Ae. vexans CulexMix Ae. stimulans Ae. cinereus Ae. cantator

Ae ..sticticus An. punctipennis An. quadrimaculatus Ae. trivittatus Coq. perturbans

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Philadelphia Metropolitan Total # mosquitoes

Cu/ex Mix Ae. vexans An. punctipennis Ae. sticticus Goq. perturbans An. quadrimacutatus ex. tetTitans Ur. sapphirlna Ae. albopictus Ae. canadensis

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy66 from the New Jersey State Library Pinelands Total # mosquitoes

CLJleXMIX Ae. vexans cs. melanura Ae. cantator Coq_perturbans Ae. sollicitans An. bradleyi Ae. canadensJs An. quadrfmaculatus An. punctipennis

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 '10000

Suburban Corridor Total # mosquitoes

Cu/ex Mix Ae. vexans Ae. sticticus An punctipennis Ae. grossbecki An quadrimaculatus Coq_perturbans Ae. cantator Ae. japonicus Ae. canadensis

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 rnooo

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Pinelands Total # mosquitoes

Cu/ex /Hix Ae. vexans Cs. rnetanura Ae. cantator Goq. perturbans Ae. solficitans An bradleyi Ae. canadensis An. quadritnaculatus An. punctipennis

0 2000 11000 6000 8000 10000

Suburban Corridor Total # mosquitoes

CutexMix Ae. vexans Ae. sticticus An ptmctipennis Ae. grossbecki An. qaadrimacu/atus Coq. penurbans Ae. cantator Ae. japonicus Ae. canadens1s

0 2000 '1000 6000 8000 10000

Prepared by Lisa Reed, Ph.D., Department of Entomology, Rutgers University

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library THE SURVEILLANCE OF VECTOR-BORNE ARBOVIRUSES IN NEW JERSEY

Introduction The NJ State Mosquito Control Commission (SMCC) has monitored potential vectors of mosquito-borne encephalitis in New Jersey since 1975 with a vector surveillance program designed to keep health related agencies aware of the potential for human involvement. Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) was an original target for investigation because of its impact on coastal resorts in the southern portion of the state. West Nile virus (WNV) was added to the program in 2000 following an outbreak in New York City the previous year. In 2009, Saint Louis encephalitis and La Cross encephalitis surveillance were added. County mosquito control personnel were recruited and trained to collect and process specimens. This program functions as a cooperative effort that includes the NJ Department of Environmental Protection, the NJ Department of Health, the NJ Agricultural Experiment Station at Rutgers and the 21 county mosquito control agencies in the state. The goal is a disease surveillance effort that provides mosquito control with information to target vector populations for the prevention of human disease. This report documents the results of virus surveillance efforts during the 2010 encephalitis season.

Methodology of EEE Surveillance The mosquito, Culiseta melanura, is monitored from late May to about mid-October as the primary indicator of EEE virus in southern New Jersey. This ornithophilic mosquito transmits virus to birds as part of the amplification and transmission cycle. Cs. melanura usually does not bite mammals but can be used to monitor virus levels as the season progresses. Weekly collections of Cs. melanura were made from resting boxes at permanent study sites by teams of field staff from four counties: Atlantic, Cape May, Monmouth and Ocean counties. The mosquitoes were frozen on dry ice at the collection site and transported to county labs for further processing. The frozen specimens were sorted on chill tables to maintain the cold chain and were identified to species, pooled and submitted weekly to the Public Health Epidemiological Labs (PHEL) facility of the Department of Health and Senior Services in Trenton or to the Cape May labs at the Cape May County Department of Mosquito Control for virus testing. Positive pools were detected by Taqman RT-PCR. Information from the investigation was summarized and distributed weekly to mosquito control and public health agencies in New Jersey and the Northeast through the website http://vectorbio.rutgers.edu/surveillance.php . The resting box collection sites for 2010 included:, Centerton in Salem County, Corbin City in Atlantic County, Dennisville in Cape May County, Glassboro in Gloucester County, Green Bank in Burlington County, Turkey Swamp in Monmouth County and Winslow in Camden County.

Results of EEE Surveillance in 2010 Culiseta melanura populations in the Pinelands began with low spring populations in 2009 but ended with high second generation populations. This set up for the potential of high spring populations in 2010 as the second generation of the previous year contribute to the overwintering larval population that emerges the following spring. Indeed, the 2010 spring populations were also high. This .pattern of higher population number did not continue through the season and quickly fell to or below historical values. This may have been due to unusual

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library climatic factors. The winter of 2010 saw considerable precipitation such that sheet water was . commonly seen in southern New Jersey. This was followed by a warm spring. Beginning in April 2010, rainfall decreased significantly and New Jersey was under drought conditions through September. Cs. melanura is primarily found in acid water such as Atlantic white cedar swamps and generally in protected areas such as under roots of trees where water is likely controlled by ground water table levels. When ground water table levels decrease, the amount of suitable habitat is likely to decrease as well, reducing survivability of larvae. USGS groundwater surveys indicate that water levels decreased through the season. Figure 1. Populations of Culiseta melanura in two years of light trapping in southern New Jersey during 2009 (left) and 2010(right). This bivoltine species overwinters as larvae. The size of the overwintering population, partially determined by the fall population of the first year, can contribute to the size of the population that emerges the following spring.

20 ., :1s en 5 -+------1.....+-;i--+-+--.+-+--..- +1 +116+---1------i ., 4 -+------ll-+-tl_+-H___ __ :14 +---IH------i "' 0 ~ §12+----1------1 ::J i10 _____.....,______, ~ 3 +--t-+-t-----+-+ 0 es E 2 ~ 6 :tt: +-~+-+-+-+------+-+- c i 4 : 1 -+---r-+-+-...... ,_111--±--i'-+-+ :E ~ 2 o-YmD• 0 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 Week Week

Figure 2. USGS data from a well source in northern Cape May County indicating ground water depth. As the season progressed, 2010 water levels (in blue) began higher than historical levels, but went below historical levels between 3 July and 17 July (CDC week 26 to 28). This corresponded to the time that population levels went at or below historical levels.

~USGS USGS 390156074533401 090333-Pump Pond NObs ! 18,8...------11·•1

! 18,5 8.5 o'4 : J u.e •·• • i i ... u.s ·~·-'~~ ········.····· ...... · .. ······ ... 8,5 t !i"·· "········· ... j ! ::: ~~~· ::: ~ ~ 'fi '-~ 1 Jr. lS.5 6.5 ::: i 14.8 6.8 ~ ~~~u~~~V~M-~-~~u~~ 2818 21118 2818 2918 2818 2818 2918 2818 2818 - l'rov.idonal Daw Subject to Revl:ion -

L ltedian dail.,, st..Ustic (1!1 .,,._, - Def>th to uater 1-1 0 llenured depth to Ht.er' level

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library In the previous year, considerable EEE activity was detected with more than 100 mosquito pools found positive, including species other than the enzootic vector. In 2010, activity was significantly reduced, producing 21 positive pools, nineteen from Cs. melanura. Cu/ex erraticus produced two positive pools. The decrease in EEE activity in New Jersey from 2009 to 2010 was also reflected in a decrease of EEE activity on the national scale. The number of positive mosquito pools nationally decreased from 580 to 177. Positive pools were first detected at a traditional resting box site (Dennisville) and from a county-run trap (Cape May) on 12 July. In the recent past, positive pools occurring before August tended to result in multiple horse cases, but this did not occur this year (see Horses, below). The traditional resting box sites produced 8 of the 19 positive Cs. melanura pools while the county-run sites . produced 11 of the positive pools. The two positive Cx. erraticus pools were sampled from Cape May in county-run resting boxes. These two samples were collected on the 3rd and 17th of August. The last positive EEE pool was a Cs. melanura sample collected on 28 September from the Centerton resting box site. · Table 12. Total number of Culiseta melanura tested for EEE by site in 2010 with number positive pools and earliest isolation dates.

-Positive ,.·. ·.; .,. .... ··.:· .. >c:.. as ..••.•..••••~ ······.·~ ... ·.•• •. ~~~.. · ·.Total Total< ·sit~Nirii~

Counties often send out their own traps after the first positive EEE pool is detected, or as part of an ongoing surveillance. Counties caught Cs. melanura in a variety of traps, including C02 traps, gravid and resting boxes. Table 13 Total number of Cs. melanura caught at non-traditional sites, by county and trap. :·C~liri!Yt..[r:~f!J' .·.··\····· :•~&~~>''{ ,...... Totat·••·.··· ~~~~9~~:•·/ Tw · ·Poots. htlrisquitries Poois · M:FIR:f' Atlantic l 17 C02 Trap 1 17 Burlington 70 2582 4 l.55 C02 Trap 70 2582 4 1.55 Camden 2 3 2 3 Cape May 171 2130 2 0~94 C02 Trap 3 40 0 Gravid 84 197 0 Resting Box 84 1893 2 1.06

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Cumberland 24 509 2 3.93 Gravid 2 2 0 Resting Box 22 507 2 3.94 Gloucester 95 1516 3 1.98 Resting Box 95 1516 3 1.98 Ocean 37 232 C02 Trap 18 147 Gravid 7 9 Resting Box 12 76 Salem 1 1 C02 Trap 1 1 Sussex 18 32 C02 Trap 6 12 NJ Light Trap 12 20 Grand Total · 419 7022 ll t.57

Figure 3 shows the population development over the season and the occurrence of positive Cs. melanura pools at the traditional resting box sites.

Figure 4. Population levels of Cs. melanura at the seven traditional monitoring sites. 20 I 0 · population levels are in black bars, historical trends (between I and 30 years) are in blue (coastal sites) qr green lines (inland sites) with error bars, and red arrows indicate weeks of ositive ool detection at the site. -ano CENTERTON (Salem Co CORBIN CITY (Atlantic Co.) -zno

June Jul Augu September October 12+-+--+-+-+-+-+--t--+-+-i-Hl.-+--t--+-+-+-+-~-t-1 June Jul August 5eptember October 12+-+--i-+--+-l--+-+--l-~+-4-...... ~+4--+-+~ ~ .... ~ 9+------~--~ ~ ! 5 & +----.----...... ~-+-+------t § &+------'>-~--~ z z c c: t'CI cu ~ 3 ~ 3

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U M U ~ ~ ~ Week of Collection Week of Collection

DENNISVILLE (Cape May Co.) -2010 GLASSBORO (Gloucester Co.)

September October June Jul August September October 12+-+--+-+-i-+-+-+-+-+-+--+-+___,l-+-+-I-+-+-+-+~

~ ~ 9 ++---+-----+-+-!t-+1'-+-1-+--t------t -8 §s~+-4-+-~mr..+-1----.-...-=~d::-+---+1 z c: ffi3+---1-S--=!------..-..---~+-+-+1 :E

~ ~ ~ D ~ " M ~ ~ ~ ~ Week of Collection Week of Collection

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library GREEN BANK (Bur1ington Co TURKEY SWAMP(Monmouth Co.)-2010 ----.1v... u.-

June Jul August September October June Jul August September October 12-t-t--T--1~-t-t--T--iM-+..+-+..-1-t-t--+-+--t-+-+--+-+~ 12

)( >< 0 ~ 9 al 9 .... li:; ..cC1> s ------il-.._.__ .._.-...tf-+-+------1 "E E 6 :::s z::J z c: ~ 3 tt--±.-.lr-h""""!llt------.:mH-'t------t cu C1> 3 ~ ::

0 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 Week of Collection Week of Collection

WINSLOW (Camden Co.)

>< 0 Ill 9 -r------~...______----1 li:; .Cl

z5 6 c: ------!

Week of Collection

In addition to Cs. melanura positive pools, EEE was detected in other species. Table x indicates that the only positive ,species other than Cs. melanura was Culex erraticus. Cs. erraticus was first detected in New Jersey in the 1960's and has been considered relatively rare until the past several years. A significant increase in both numbers and range in New Jersey, plus the involvement of Cx. erraticus in the EEE cycle in the southeastern US prompted its inclusion in the testing for EEE. In 2009 no positives were detected, but this year showed 13 positive pools from two distinct sites. Table 14. Total non-Cs. melanura species tested for EEE. EEE was detected only in Culex erraticus. A total of 2 pools were detected in non-Cs. melanura species for 2010. Total Total Positive Spedes··• Pools Mosquitoes · Pools· MEIR Aedes alhopictus 39 313 Aedes canadensis canadensis 8 117 Aedes cant

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Anopheles quadrima¢ulatus 21 180 Coquillettidia perturbans 54 897 Culex erraticus 175 4479 2 0.45 Culex pipiens 429 3042 Culex.restuans 17 36 Cu/ex salinarius 60 699 Culexspp. 253 5035 Culex territans 2 2 Culiseta minnesotae 2 2 Psorophora columhiae 5 Uranotaenia sapphirina 1 6 C3fanCi.:rota.t 1200 16244'·····

Figure 5 indicates that all positive pool detections occurred well within the surveillance season.

Figure 6. Timeline for positive pool detection ofEEE in 2010.

Seasonal Pool Collection 60 -,---,---,---,---,---,---,---,---,---,---,---,--~-,--~~~~~-,--~-,--~ -positive -total pools

so ··+--··--····-··---·······-·-···-···-·-·-·-···----··-· .. ····--·· ...... --·-·-·-·- ····--·-············-···-····-····-·---····--·--·-··-·-·-·-··--·-·-··-·--·········

M 40 ..+--,---,---,---,---,---,---,---,---,----'l~---flf----lf--~...--,---,---,---,--~ i ~ 30 ...-~-,---,---,-----,--~-,---,----t-Ht-+lt----++-.-..;H-t~-,--~-,--~ .D• E :I z 20 ··+································-····f·t-

74 You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Horse and Human Involvement with EEE: Despite early detection in mosquitoes, there was Figure x. Location of county with the only one horse that developed EEE. This horse single horse case in Monmouth County from Monmouth County showed symptoms late in (red fill) and location of positive EEE the season during epiweek 40 (October). mosquito pools (green circles). Increased county surveillance to detect positive mosquitoes around this site did not result in any positives. This case was well north of any positive EEE mosquito pools.

There were no human cases.

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Methodology of WNV Surveillance

New Jersey's WNV surveillance program relies on county initiative to conduct meaningful surveillance within their county borders. Counties have various approaches to monitoring West Nile virus activity, ranging from focusing on the enzootic vector, Cu/ex pipiens (primarily · through the submission of Mixed Cu/ex pools) to the submission of a wide range of potential bridge vectors. In 2010, mosquitoes were sampled through a variety of traps, chilled and transported to county labs for identification and pooling. Pools were submitted weekly to the PHEL facility in Trenton or to the Cape May labs at the Cape May County Department of Mosquito Control for WNV virus testing. Positive pools were detected by Taqman RT-PCR. Information from the investigation was summarized and distributed weekly to mosquito control and public health agencies in New Jersey and the Northeast through the website http://vectorbio.rutgers.edu/surveillance.php .

Results ofWNV Surveillance in 2010 During the 2010 mosquito season, a total of 156,748 specimens were tested in 7,457 pools from 32 species. This is a decrease of about 50,000 mosquitoes and 3,000 pools, likely a result of the extended drought that impacted mosquito populations throughout the state. Results from the surveillance effort produced.846 WNV positive pools, an increase of 202 more positive pools than from the previous year when more overall submissions took place. All of New Jersey's 21 county mosquito control agencies participated in the state program during 2010. Table x indicates species results. The majority of positive pools came from Culex species, either mixed pools or species-identified, with Cu/ex pipiens, the enzootic vector of WNV showing the highest degree of infection at 8.577 mosquitoes/1000 of the three mixed species. This was also an increase in MFIR value for this species from the previous year. Cu/ex restuans was again the second most infected species, with an MFIR value of 2.993, also an increase from 2009. Last year Cu/ex salinarius was the least of the infected mosquito species with an MFIR of 0.194. This year, the infection rate was higher (0.938). The mixed Cu/ex pool had an MFIR value much closer to the value for Culex pipiens and it is likely that Cx. pipiens contributes proportionally to the overall Mixed Cu/ex pools, continuing the pattern observed for several years. Culiseta melanura, another omithophilic species, was also positive, with an MFIR value of 1.248.

Table 15. Mosquitoes tested for West Nile in New Jersey during 2010.

Aedes albopictus 704 3979 9 2.262 Aedes canadensis canadensis 29 485 Aedes cantator 10 24 Aedes japonicus 402 1807 Aedes sollicitans 25 324 Aedes sticticus 1 1 Aedes stimulans 3 8 Aedes taeniorhynchus 9 116

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Aedes triseriatus 179 388 Aedes trivittatus 9 41 Aedes vexans 151 1604 Anopheles barberi 2 2 Anopheles bradleyi 63 536 Anopheles crucians 3 124 Anopheles punctipennis 65 437 Anopheles quadrimaculatus 128 1232 Anopheles walkeri 5 29 Coquillettidia perturbans 108 1655 1 0.604 Cu/ex erraticus 190 4538 Cu/ex pipiens 1067 20170 173 8.577 Cu/ex restuans 411 2005 6 2.993 Cu/ex salinarius 85 1066 1 0.938 Culexspp. 3113 104116 641 6.157 Cu/ex territans 3 4 Culiseta inornata 1 1 Culiseta melanura 670 12015 15 1.248 Culiseta minnesotae 2 2 Orthopodomyia signifera 5 6 Psorophora ciliata Psorophora columbiae 5 13 Psorophora cyanescens 1 1 Psorophora ferox

Table 16 also lists infection rates in potential bridge vectors. In prior years, WNV was detected in Aedes albopictus, Coquillettidia perturbans and Culex salinarius. The first and last species are highly competent vectors as well as aggressive mammalian biters. ( Coquillettidia perturbans is a mosquito that is an inefficient vector for WNV) In 2010, Aedes japonicus was not found to be infected for the samples collected. But slightly more than 10 percent of the positive pools were in species other than bird biters, a tenfold increase over last year.

While counties (Table x) tended to maintain their collection patterns from one year to the next, counties varied on what they collected, likely based upon many factors~ In the past several years, the number of pools submitted by counties for detecting WNV continued to play a significant role, with more pools likely to detect WNV activity. This year, the trend was not observed, (Spearman's r = -0.281, df=l9, p>0.05). This pattern may have been affected by counties sampling in areas previously known to have virus activity which may be more likely to detect positive pools. Widespread WNV activity may have also contributed to this pattern.

Table 17. Cumulative infection rates in each county in the 2010 season .

.. .. ~~9'!. rrotal . ·~sitive Coun!f ,p981S r8qsquitoes oois Atlantic 292 6726 60 8.921

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Bergen 223 15612 140 8.967 Burlington 342 9495 46 4.845 Camden 262 5992 76 12.684 Cape May 1955 19393 11 0.567 Cumberland 81 720 1 1.389 Essex 337 3644 25 6.861 Gloucester 462 11421 117 10.244 Hudson 232 11403 94 8.243 Hunterdon 300 12270 11 0.896 Mercer 241 5302 59 11.128 Middlesex 266 10058 53 5.269 Monmouth 373 2668 9 3.373 Morris 251 7906 47 5.945 Ocean 331 4099 18 4.391 Passaic 146 1851 11 5.943 Salem 310 2708 1 0.369 Somerset 266 3060 10 3.268 Sussex 403 9671 6 0.620 Union 168 5932 44 7.417 Warren 216 6817 7 1.027

Out of the 241 avian species sent to PHEL, 129 tested positive for the presence of West Nile virus (Table x). Infection rates increased from the previous year for the three identified corvids (American and Fish Crow, Blue Jay). Submission of dead birds has varied considerably over the recent years as either the public does not report birds (surveillance fatigue, misinformation) or that the counties do not submit birds regardless of the requests of PHEL for continued participation. This year, submissions of dead birds were correlated with positive detection of WNV in birds (r=0.982, df=12, p<0.05). But, the number of positive dead birds in a county did not correlate with the MFIR value of positive mosquitoes (r=-0.017, df=12, p>0.05). Counties submitting dead birds were Atlantic, Bergen, Burlington, Camden, Cape May, Essex, Hunterdon, Mercer, Monmouth, Morris, Ocean, Sussex and Warren counties.

Table 18. Birds tested at PHEL for the presence of WNV and their corresponding infection rates.

Negative Positive Tested IR

7 25 32 0.781

15 46 61 0.754

13 33 46 0.717 6 2 8 0.250 61 12 73 0.164

10 11 21 0.524 107 53 160 0.33

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Horse and Human Involvement Figure x. Cumulative WNV activity by the There were two equine cases reported in end of the mosquito season. Circles show 2010, a two year-old mare from Atlantic when positive WNV pools were detected by County (week 33, onset date of 17 August), week. Two horse cases are indicated by icon. and a second horse from Gloucester County The number of human cases per county are (week 37, onset date 18 September). Both also shown. horses were unvaccinated. .Horse Thirty human cases of WNV fever or #Human neuroinvasive disease were detected in New • 22 Jersey. This was three times the number of • 24 cases that occurred in 2009. The first cases • 25 • 2£ occurred during epiweek 31, the beginning • 27 of August. Last case was detected in the • 28 beginning of October. Figure x shows the 0 2S o~ distribution of human cases among counties 0 31 () 32 over the distribution of positive mosquito 0 33 pools. The distribution of cases follows the • 34 • 35 distribution of human population, along the • 36 urban -suburban corridor and down the • 37 • 38 coast and is typical for this urban disease. • 39 Figure x shows the epicurve for human cases under statewide weekly MFIR values (all mosquitoes). The cases appear well after the amplification of virus in mosquitoes, with first cases appearing when MFIR overall values were at 8.

79 You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Figure 7. Human case distribution over week (blue bars) with weekly statewide MFIR .values of all mosquitoes in 2010.

-human cases -mfir

"'10cu "'l'D u 8 c l'D E 6 :c~ r... 0 a: 4 u: ~ 2

0 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 Week

With the increased activity in Culex infections and the higher number of human cases observed in New Jersey, Culex MFIR rates were regressed onto human cases, ranging from 2001-2010 (Figure x). A significant positive linear relationship was found [human cases=6.623(Culex MFIR) - 11.268, R2=0.41, p=0.045], suggesting that as MFIR values increase, human cases increase. Figure 8. Correlation between Culex minimum field infection rates (MFIR) and human cases in New Jersey from 2001through2010. 40 2003 3S 2010 CA 30 Cl co"' u 25 >z ~ 20 c • humans co 15 E -Unear(humans) :::J ,.· ,2001 :c 10 ~-·-·-"-" '"-~""'"'"'"''-·"o'"' "·"'"''""'<-• .,,,,__ , ..__ '°""'"""-·-·--··-··-_;;, ___ ,M.,.WM""""itr""'-M'oo-,--,0- .., ... ,,, • ..,,,..,.,,.,.,.,,-.,M-'o••·•·•••''hW•"--''"°'""'"'' \t = 6.6243x -11.268 R2 =0.4121 2005 2008 5 ~-··-· ..-·-···-"-"""---·-·------j __ _:. __ ...... _____.,,_.,,,,,..., ....,..,_,_,, __...... ---·--···-- p=-0.045 2009 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cu/ex Mix MFIR

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Methodology and Results of St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) Surveillance New Jersey selectively tested for St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLE) in 2010. SLE has had previous activity in New Jersey, most notably in 1964 and 1975 (CDC's SLE website), the latter prompting the vector surveillance reporting by Rutgers. SLE is a flavivirus and has a similar transmission pattern to West Nile, with Culex species as the predominant vectors. Between 1964 and 2008, New Jersey has experienced 131 cases. Fatality rates are from 5-15% (CDC.gov website).

No pools tested positive for 2010 (Table 19).

Table 19. Mosquito species by county tested for SLE m 2010 through RT-PCR at NJDHHS PHEL.

Burlington 316 9238 Aedes a/bopictus 30 289 Aedes canadensis canadensis 4 109 Aedes japonicus 4 17 Aedes sollicitans 6 185 Aedes taeniorhynchus 2 9 Aedes triseriatus 1 7 Aedes vexans 25 367 Anopheles bradleyi 8 190 Anopheles crucians 2 122 Anopheles punctipennis 13 Anopheles quadrimacu/atus 3 10 Coquillettidia perturbans 9 352 Culex erraticus 17 635 Cu/ex pipiens 8 107 Cu/ex restuans 1 1 Cu/ex salinarius 9 51 Culexspp. 113 4180 Cu/iseta melanura 70 2582 Culiseta minnesotae 1 1 Psorophora columbiae 1 5 Uranotaenia sapphirina 1 6 Camden 216 4771 Aedes albopictus 41 125 Aedes canadensis canadensis 1 1 Aedes japonicus 20 33 Aedes triseriatus 2 2

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Aedes trivittatus 1 1 Aedes vexans 3 50 Anopheles punctipennis 5 7 Anopheles quadrimaculatus 1 1 Cu/ex erraticus 2 8 Cu/ex spp 133 4529 Cu/ex territans 2 Culiseta melanura 1 I Orthopodomyia signifera 2 3 Psorophora columbiae 1 1 Uranotaenia sapphirina 2 7 Cape May 974 17345 Aedes albopictus 18 88 Aedes cantator 1 2 Aedes japonicus 6 34 Aedes triseriatus 3 14 Anopheles quadrimaculatus 1 I Coquillettidia perturbans 2 22 Cu/ex erraticus 2 78 Cu/ex pipiens 350 6575 Cu/ex restuans 178 1775 Cu/ex salinarius 21 182 Culexspp. 379 8423 Culiseta melanura 13 151 Essex 298 3557 Aedes albopictus 47 171 Aedes japonicus 37 291 Aedes sollicitans 18 Aedes triseriatus 6 13 Aedes vexans 18 134 Culexspp. 189 2930 Hudson 190 9703 Aedes albopictus 1 25 Culexspp. 189 9678 Salem 1 7 Culexspp. 7 Sussex 16 48 Aedes triseriatus 16 48 .••..•• )',(; ... ,.;it;f;tlt4t~ti.t!;······ ;,.l«J~7; tl:i).~4

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Methodology and Results of La Crosse Encephalitis (LAC) Survei~lance New Jersey selectively tested for La Crosse (LAC) virus this year. New Jersey has had 3 cases of this encephalitic disease since 1964 (see CDC's LAC website). The mortality is low but like other encephalitides, LAC can have both personal (lasting neurological sequelae) and economic impacts. LAC is a bunyavirus with a transmission cycle involving mosquitoes such as Aedes triseriatus and small mammals such as squirrels and chipmunks. LAC can infect Aedes albopictus with transovarial transmission also demonstrated (Tesh and Gubler 1975 Laboratory studies of transovarial transmission of La Crosse and other arboviruses by Aedes .albopictus and Culexfatigans. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 24(5):896- 880).

There were no positive pools detected in 2010 (Table x).

Table 20. Mosquito species by county tested for LAC in 2009 through RT-PCR at NJDHHS PHEL.

Cape May 18 31 Aedes triseriatus 18 31 Cumberland 7 10 Aedes triseriatus 7 10. Salem 5 5 Aedes triseriatus 5 5 Warren 10 106 Aedes canadensis canadensis 4 86 Aedes triseriatus 6 20

Report submitted by: Lisa Reed, Ph.D., Department of Entomology, Rutgers University

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library FINANCIAL STATEMENT STATE MOSQUITO CONTROL COMMISSION End-of-Year (FY'll)

FY'll STATE MOSQUITO CONTROL, RESEARCH $1,346,000.00

ADMINISTRATION AND OPERATIONS APPROPRIATION

Office of Mosquito Control Coordination ($ 300,000.00)

Carry Forward $ 67,376.10

FY' 11 STA TE MOSQUITO CONTROL COMMISSION $1,113,376.10

PROGRAMS/SERVICES ALLOCATED EXPENDED BALANCE

Administration $ 2,770.10 $ 2,370.54

Toll-Free Number (297.13)1 Coffee & Danish- July ($40.00) Coffee & Danish-Aug. ($100.00) AMCA Sustain Memb- ($500.00) Coffee & Danish- Sept. ($40.00) Coffee & Danish- Oct. ($40.00) Legislative Index- ($325.00) Coffee & Danish- Jan. ($40.00) H. Emerson- Travel ($501.13) Coffee & Danish- March ($40.00) Digital recorder - ($99.99) K. Bruder- Travel ($297 .29)2 Coffee & Danish - June ($50.00)

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library State Airspray Program $ 520,000.00 $ 519,444.96 $ 555.04

Insecticides ($60, 128.64) Insecticides ($1,599 .60) Insecticides ($40,040.00) Insecticides ($30,064.32) Downstown Aero- ($300,000.00) Insecticides ($2,683 .20) Insecticides ($15,032.16) Insecticides ($30,064.32) Insecticides ($39,567.28) Calibration Supplies ($265.44)

Equipment Repairs/Purchases $ 65,000.00 $ 62,048.90 $ 2,95'1.10

Rot. Ex. Repair-Atlantic ($2,539.00) Rot. Ex. Repair - Atlantic ($34,000.00) Freezer Repair - Cumberland ($750.00) Resting Boxes ($860.00) Copepod Sprayers ($174.49) Courier Vehicle Replacement ($15,175.00) Dozer Repair- Warren ($4,903.98) Freezer Repair- Warren ($1,113.00) Marsh Master Repair-($513.43) Turbine Nozzle-Hudson ($2,020.00)

Education and Information $ 2,000.00 $ 1,408.46 $ 591.54

Exhibit Supplies ($226. 79) NJMCA Exhibit Registration ($185 .00) Print annual reports ($996.67)

MOA

DH/SS WNV Testing $ 180,000.00 $ 180,000.00 $ 0.00 CM Surveillance/Testing $ 61,000.00 $ 61,000.00 $ 0.00 Biological Control- Mosquitofish $ 25,000.00 $ 25,000.00 $ 0.00 Biological Control- Copepods $ 35,000.00 $ 35,000.00 $ 0.00 Courier for Specimen Transport-North $ 6,500.00 $ 6,500.00 $ ·o.oo Courier for Specimen Transport-South $ 9,500.00 $ 9,500.00 $ 0.00

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library Professional Services $ 206,606.00 $ 206,606.00 $ 0.00

Vector Surveillance ($49,000.00) Monitor oflnsecticides ($79,606.00) Statewide Surveillance ($37,000.00) Quality Control and Assurance ($41,000.00)

TOTAL $1,113,376.10 $ 1,108,878.86 $ 4,497.24

You Are Viewing an Archived Copy from the New Jersey State Library COMMISSION-SUPPORTED PUBLICATIONS AND PRESENTATIONS

JULY 1, 2010-JUNE 30, 2011 Presentations

Reed, L. 2010. Vector and Mosquito Population Surveillance in New Jersey, 2010. Northeastern Mosquito Control Association, Sturbridge Massachusetts.

Reed, L. 2010. Vector and Mosquito Population Surveillance in New Jersey, 2010. New Jersey Mosquito Control Association, Atlantic City, New Jersey.

Kent, R. 2011. The Annual Report on the NJ State Mosquito Control Commission and the Office ofMosquito Control Coordination. New Jersey Mosquito Control Association, Atlantic City, N.J.

O'Malley, C. 2011. Experiences with the New Liquid Spinosad Formation, Natular. New Jersey Mosquito Control Association, Atlantic City, NJ.

Publications

Brattsten, L., S Huaug, D. Sou an4 J.M Tomko. "Procuring Aedes sollicitans for Experiments: An Alternative to Forced Mating." Proc. NJ Mosquito Control Association 98: 17-28.

Kent, R. 2011. "The NJ State Mosquito Control Commission and the Office of Mosquito Coordination." Proc. NJ Mosquito Control Association 98: 3-9.

Reed, L., S. Crans and M. Robson. "The New Jersey Vector Surveillance Program, 2010." Proc. N.J Mosquito Control Association 98: 30-41.

Williams, G., A. Farajollahi, S. Healy and R. Gaugler. "Evaualtion of Truck- Mounted Equipment for the Area - wide Application of Vectobac®wdg. Proc. NJ Mosquito Control Association 98: 75-84.

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