FREE ESPERANTO VOCABULARY LIST
This is the supplement to the free 10 lesson Esperanto course that was provided in PDF format from http://LearnEsperanto.net
This PDF was created by copying everything directly from http://esperantofre.com/eeo/EoDktA/KorKurA1.htm on October 26, 2011 for easier readability and printability than it is displayed on the website. Said website lists this as version 24 dated August 2005 and says it copied this course from http://www.ozemail.com.au/~esperanto/ec.html on October 16th, 2005.
Please share freely with anyone interested in learning Esperanto. Thank you, http://LearnEsperanto.net
VOCABULARY
-- A -- aĉet/i to buy angul/o corner, angle adiaŭ goodbye ankaŭ also aer/o air ankoraŭ still (adv) afabl/a kind, friendly anstataŭ instead of afer/o case, affair, thing antaŭ in front of, Afrik/o Africa before agrabl/a pleasant, nice apart/a separate aĝo age apenaŭ barely, scarcely ajn -ever, any aper/i to appear akcept/i to accept apetit/o appetite akr/a sharp april/o April akv/o water apud beside al to(wards) arb/o tree al/iĝ/i to join (i) art/o art al/ven/i to arrive (i) atend/i to wait for ali/a other atest/i to testify almenaŭ at least (adv) aŭ or alt/a high, tall aŭd/i to hear am/i to love aŭgust/o August amas/o mass, crowd aŭskult/i to listen ambaŭ both aŭt/o automobile, car amik/o friend aŭtobus/o bus, coach angl/o Englishman aŭtun/o autumn, fall av/o grandfather -- B --
baldaŭ soon (adv) blu/a blue bat/i to hit, to beat bon/a good batal/i to fight bord/o border, shore, bel/a lovely, beautiful bank best/o animal bov/o cow, bull, ox bezon/i to need, brak/o arm to require bril/i to shine bicikl/o bicycle bru/i to make a noise bier/o beer brul/i to burn, to be bigami/o bigamy on fire (intr) bilard/o billiards, pool brun/a brown bildo picture, image bub/o boy, lad, brat bird/o bird bufed/o buffet blank/a white buŝ/o mouth blind/a blind butik/o shop blond/a blonde butikum/i to go (be) out shopping -- C --
cel/o target, goal ci thou (rare) cent hundred cigared/o cigarette cert/a sure, certain -- Ĉ --
ĉambr/o room ĉi (indicates ĉapel/o hat proximity) ĉar because, since ĉiel/o heaven, sky (conjuction) ĉirkaŭ approximately, ĉas/i to hunt, chase around (adv) ĉe at ĉokolad/o chocolate ĉeval/o horse ĉu (interrogative) (is it true that...) -- D -- da of (quantity) dimanĉ/o Sunday danc/i to dance dir/i to say dank/i to thank direkt/o direction daŭr/i to continue, last disk/o disk, record de of, from divers/a varied decembr/o December do therefore, so, dek ten then (conj) dekstr/a right (side) dolĉ/a sweet demand/i ask (a question) dolor/o pain de/nov/e again, once more dom/o house, building dens/a dense, thick don/i to give dent/o tooth dorm/i to sleep dev/i must, to have to du two, 2 dezir/i to wish, desire dub/i to doubt (tr.) di/o god dum while, during dik/a thick, fat -- E -- eĉ even (adv) en in edz/o husband erar/o error eĥ/o echo eskim/o Eskimo ekster outside, out of esper/i to hope ekzempl/o example esperant/o Esperanto ekzerc/i to exercise est/i to be el out of, from Eŭklid/o Euclid elekt/i to choose, Eŭrop/a European to elect -- F -- facil/a easy flank/o side fajr/o fire flav/a yellow fal/i to fall flor/o flower famili/o family flug/i to fly far/i to do, to make foj/o time, occasion fart/i to fare, to feel for far, away (adv) februar/o February forges/i to forget feliĉ/a happy form/o form fenestr/o window fort/a strong fer/o iron frap/i to hit, to strike ferm/i to close frat/o brother fest/i to celebrate fraŭl/o bachelor fil/o son fraŭl/in/o unmarried woman fin/i to finish, to end fremd/a foreign, alien (transitive) fru/a early fingr/o finger frukt/o fruit fiŝ/o fish fum/o smoke -- G -- gaj/a happy, cheerful gol/o goal (scored) gajn/i to win, acquire grand/a big, large gazet/o magazine grav/a important geografi/o geography griz/a gray glaci/o ice gust/o taste glas/o (drinking) glass gust/um/i to taste glob/o globe, sphere something (tr.) -- Ĝ --
ĝangal/o jungle ĝis until, as far as ĝarden/o garden ĝoj/i to be glad ĝi it ĝust/a correct, exact -- H -- ha! ah! (interj) hieraŭ yesterday halt/i to stop (intr) histori/o history har/o (one) hair ho! o!, oh! (interj) hav/i to have hodiaŭ today hejm/o home hom/o person hel/a bright, clear hor/o hour, time of day help/i to help hund/o dog herb/o grass -- Ĥ --
ĥor/o choir
-- I -- ide/o idea instru/i to teach ili they inter among, between imag/i to imagine interes/o interest indian/o (American) interes/i to interest (tr.) indian intern/a internal, inside infan/o child ir/i to go insekt/o insect -- J -- ja indeed jen here is/are jaĥt/o yacht sometimes... jam already (adv) jes yes januar/o January juli/o July jar/o year jun/a young je (indefinite juni/o June preposition) just/a just, fair -- Ĵ --
ĵaluz/o jealousy ĵurnal/o newspaper ĵaŭd/o Thursday ĵus just (now) ĵet/i to throw -- K -- kaf/o coffee konsent/i to agree kaj and (conjunct.) konsil/i to advise Kalgari/o Calgary konstru/i to build kalkul/i to calculate, kontent/a satisfied, content to count kontraŭ against, kamp/o field, area opposite (prep) kanjon/o canyon kor/o heart kant/i to sing korespond/i to correspond, kap/o head exchange letters kapt/i to catch korp/o body kar/a dear kort/o yard, courtyard kaŝ/i to hide (trans.) kost/i to cost kat/o cat kovert/o envelope kaŭz/o cause kovr/i to cover ke that (conjunct.) kred/i to believe kelk/a some kresk/i to grow (intr.) klar/a clear kri/i to yell, to cry out klin/i to bow, to incline krom besides, to lean over (tr.) except (prep) klub/o club, group ktp and so on (abbr.) knab/o boy (kaj tiel plu) kokakol/o Coke kuir/i to cook kol/o neck kuk/o cake kolekt/i to collect (trans.) kun with (preposition) koler/i to be angry kunikl/o rabbit kolor/o color kur/i to run komenc/i to begin kuraĝ/a brave, courageous (something) (tr.) kurs/o course, komerc/i to trade, series of lessons to do business kuŝ/i to lie down kompren/i to understand kutim/o custom, habit komun/a common, general kvankam although (conj) kon/i to know kvar four, 4 konduk/i to lead kvazaŭ as if, as though kongres/o congress, (conj, adv) convention kvin five, 5 -- L -- la the (def article) liber/a free, independent labor/i to work libr/o book lac/a tired lig/o league, alliance lakt/o milk lig/i to tie, to bind land/o country, land lign/o wood larĝ/a wide limonad/o lemonade las/i to leave, to allow lingv/o language last/a last lini/o line laŭ according to, lit/o bed along (prep) loĝ/i to reside lav/i to wash (tr) lok/o place, position lecion/o lesson London/o London leg/i to read long/a long lern/i to learn lud/i to play leter/o letter lum/o light lev/i to lift lund/o Monday li he -- M -- maj/o May (month) mi I, me man/o hand mil (one) thousand manĝ/i to eat milion/o million mank/i to be lacking, milit/i to wage war to be absent minut/o minute mar/o sea, ocean mir/i to marvel, mard/o Tuesday to be amazed mark/o sign, mark moment/o moment mart/o March (month) mon/o money maten/o morning monat/o month maten/ breakfast mond/o world manĝ/o mont/o mountain mejl/o mile montr/i to show mem -self, -selves morgaŭ tomorrow membr/o member mort/i to die (intr.) memor/i to remember mov/i to move merkred/o Wednesday (something) (tr) met/i to put, to place mult/a much, a lot of mez/o middle mur/o wall mezur/i to measure (something) (tr) -- N -- naci/o nation nom/o name naĉ/i to swim nombr/o number, amount nask/i to give birth (tr) nord/a north natur/o nature nov/a new naŭ nine, 9 Nov-Jork/o New York naz/o nose novembr/o November ne no, not nu well!, now! (interj) neces/a necessary nub/o cloud neĉ/o snow nul zero nek nor, (conjunct) nul/o nil, name of the neither... nor... number zero neŭtral/a neutral, impartial nun now ni we, us nur only (adverb) nigr/a black nutraĵ/o food, nourishment nokt/o night -- O -- oft/a frequent, oni one, people, they common (indef. pronoun) ok eight, 8 onkl/o uncle okaz/i to happen, opini/i to think, to to occur have an opinion oktobr/o October ord/o order okul/o eye ordon/i to order, okup/i to occupy to command ol than (comparing) orel/o ear (conjunction) ost/o bone ond/o wave ov/o egg -- P -- pac/o peace plu further, more paf/i to shoot (adv) pag/i to pay plum/o pen pan/o bread pluv/o rain pantofl/o slipper polus/o pole (as in paper/o paper North Pole) pardon/i to forgive, popol/o people, nation to excuse por for, in order to Pariz/o Paris (prep) parol/i to speak pord/o door part/o part port/i to carry pas/i to pass post after, behind paŝ/i to step, to pace (prep) patr/o father postul/i to demand, pec/o piece, bit to require pen/i to try, poŝ/o pocket to endeavour pov/i to be able (to) pens/i to think prav/a right, correct per by (means of), precip/a main, principal with (prep) prem/i to press, to squeeze perd/i to lose pren/i to take permes/i to allow, preskaŭ almost (adverb) to permit pret/a ready person/o person preter beyond, past pet/i to ask (for), (prep) to request prezent/i to present pied/o foot pri about, concerning pilk/o ball (for playing) (prep) plaĉ/i to please, printemp/o spring to be pleasing pro by reason of, plaĝ/o beach because of (prep) plank/o floor problem/o problem plej most (adv) profund/a deep (superlative) proksim/a near, close plen/a full promen/i to take a walk plend/i to complain propr/a (one's) own plezur/o pleasure, prosper/i to prosper enjoyment prov/i to try, to test pli more (adv) pun/i to punish (comparative) punkt/o point, period plor/i to cry, to weep pur/a clean, pure -- R -- rajt/o a right rid/i to laugh rakont/i to tell, to narrate rigard/i to look (at) rapid/a quick, fast rimark/i to notice reg/i to rule, to control rimed/o means, resource renkont/i to meet ripoz/i to rest respond/i to answer river/o river rest/i to remain, rob/o a dress to continue to be romp/i to break (trans.) rest/o rest, remainder rond/o round, circle ricev/i to receive roz/o rose riĉ/a rich ruĝ/a red -- S -- sabat/o Saturday silent/a quiet sabl/o sand silent/i to be silent sag/o arrow simpl/a simple salt/i to jump sinjor/o mister, gentleman salut/i to greet skatol/o box, case sam/a same skrib/i to write san/a healthy soif/i to be thirsty sandviĉ/o sandwich sol/a alone sang/o blood solv/i to solve (tr.) sat/a satisfied somer/o summer sci/i to know son/i to sound se if (conj) spec/o kind, sort sed but (conj) staci/o (bus) station seĝ/o chair star/i to stand sek/a dry stat/o state, condition sekv/i to follow step/o steppe semajn/o week strat/o street sen without (prep) stud/i to study send/i to send sub under, sent/i to feel (tr.) beneath (prep) sep seven, 7 sufer/i to suffer septembr/o September sufiĉ/a sufficient, enough serĉ/i to look for, sukces/i to succeed to seek suker/o sugar serv/i to serve sun/o sun ses six, 6 super over, above (prep) si reflexive pronoun supr/o top, summit sid/i to sit sur on, upon (prep) -- Ŝ --
ŝaf/o sheep ŝi she ŝajn/i to seem, ŝip/o ship to appear to be ŝose/o motorway, ŝanĝ/i to change (tr.) freeway ŝat/i to like, to value ŝton/o stone ŝu/o shoe -- T -- tabl/o table tip/o type, sort tag/o day tir/i to pull tag/manĝ/o lunch tra through (prep) tajp/i to type traf/i not to miss tamen however, tranĉ/i to cut nevertheless trankvil/a calm, quiet tamtam/o tom-tom trans across, beyond tas/o cup (prep) task/o task tre very te/o tea tri three, 3 teatr/o a theater trink/i to drink Teksas/o Texas tro too, too much temp/o time trov/i to find ten/i to hold, to have tuj immediately tenis/o tennis turn/i to turn (tr.) ter/o earth, ground tuŝ/i to touch tim/i to fear tut/a whole, entire -- U --
universal/a universal Uson/o USA unu one, 1 util/a useful urb/o city, town uz/i to use -- V --
vagon/o train wagon vetur/i to travel valiz/o suitcase, luggage (by vehicle) valor/o value vi you varb/i to recruit vid/i to see varm/a warm, hot vilaĝ/o village vast/a vast, huge vin/o wine vek/i to awake (tr.) vintr/o winter ven/i to come vir/o man vend/i to sell (tr.) vitr/o glass (substance) vendred/o Friday viv/i to live, to be alive vent/o wind vizaĝ/o face ver/a true, real vizit/i to visit verd/a green voj/o way, road vesper/o evening vojaĝ/i to travel vest/o garment, clothes vok/i to call (tr) veter/o weather vol/i to want to vort/o word -- Z --
zorg/i to care for
KORELATIVOJ (Correlatives)
Indefinite Question Pointer Universal Negative
I- KI- TI- ĈI- NENI-
some what that every no -A IA KIA TIA ĈIA NENIA quality some kind of, what kind that kind every kind of, no kind of any kind of of, what (a) of, such a all kinds of IAL KIAL TIAL ĈIAL NENIAL -AL for some why, for so, for that for every for no reason reason what reason reason reason reason
-AM IAM KIAM TIAM ĈIAM NENIAM time sometime, when, at then, at always, at never, at any time, ever what time that time all times no time -E IE KIE TIE ĈIE NENIE place somewhere, where, in there, in everywhere, in nowhere, anywhere what place that place every place in no place -EN IEN KIEN TIEN ĈIEN NENIEN direc- anywhere, where to, to there, to everywhere, to nowhere, tion to any place what place that place every place to no place -EL IEL KIEL TIEL ĈIEL NENIEL manner somehow, in how, in that way, in in no way some way what way thus, so every way -ES IES KIES TIES ĈIES NENIES property someone's, whose, that one's everyone's no one's, anyone's which one's everybody's nobody's -O IO KIO TIO ĈIO NENIO thing something, what, that, everything, nothing anything what thing that thing all things -OM IOM KIOM TIOM ĈIOM NENIOM quantity some, how much, so much, the whole, none a bit somewhat how many as many all of it none -U IU KIU TIU ĈIU NENIU person someone, who, what that person, everyone, no one, or somebody person that one everybody nobody specific some, any which, what that every, all, each none, no object Note: The "Correlatives table" has only nine rows. The row for "-EN, Direction" is not on the original table.
Grammatical Endings -o noun -j plural -a adjective -n accusative -e adverb
Verbs -is past -i infinitive -as present -us conditional -os future -u volitive (imperative, subjuntive)
Participles active passive past -int- -it- present -ant -at- future -ont- -ot-
Esperanto Affixes, Prefixes, Suffixes
Official Prefixes: bo- ĉef- dis- ek- eks- fi- ge- mal- mis- pra- re-
Unofficial Prefixes: pseŭdo- retro-
Official Suffixes:
-aĉ- -ad- -aĵ- -an- -ar- -ĉj- -ebl- -ec- -eg- -ej- -em-
-end- -er- -estr- -et- -id- -ig- -iĝ- -il- -in- -ind-
-ing- -ist- -nj- -obl- -on- -op- -uj- -ul- -um-
Unofficial Suffixes:
-i- -ism-
Official Prefixes:
bo- relationship by marriage, -in-law bopatrino = mother-in-law bofrato = brother-in-law
ĉef- head, chief ĉefurbo = capital ĉefministro = prime minister
dis- dis-, dispersal, separation, scattering, dismemberment disĵeti = to scatter about disdoni = to distribute disaŭdigi = to broadcast disigi = to separate, to take apart disiĝi = to disintegrate, to fall apart ek- momentary, sudden commencement, beginning of action, or brief lasting action ekiri = to start ekbrili = to flash ekvidi = to notice ekkrii = to shout out eki = to begin, to start ni eku! = let's get started
eks- ex-, former eksreĝo = ex-king eksedzino = ex-wife eksigi = to discharge (from office), to impeach eksiĝi = to resign
fi- shameful, nasty, morally bad, moral degradation, contempt fiago = shameful act figazeto = "smutty" magazine fialudi = innuendo, evil insinuation fikomercisto = swindler fia = nasty, horrid fiaĉa = repulsing in any regard
ge- of both sexes together gepatroj = parents gejunuloj = youth, young people gesinjoroj = ladies and gentleman gea = of both sexes, unisex
mal- opposite malgranda = small malami = to hate malaperi = to vanish, to disappear malriĉa = poor malbona = bad malbela = ugly malforta = weak malfacila = difficult maldekstra = left malfermi = to open malkonsenti = to disagree mala = opposite male = on the contrary, contrary to
mis- mis-, amiss, wrongly miskompreni = to misunderstand miskompreno = misunderstanding misuzi = to misuse misuzo = abuse
pra- remote (time), primordiality, remoteness of relationship, of great antiquity, primeval, great (in family relationship), ancient, fore- pratempa, praa = ancient prahistorio = prehistory prapatroj = ancestors pratempo = the ancient past pranepo = great-grandson praavo = great-grandfather
re- re-, return, repetition, back, over again resendi = to send back reveni = to come back, to return (intr) redoni = to give back, to return (tr) rebrili = to reflect reverki = to re-write (a book, etc.)
Unofficial Prefixes:
pseŭdo- pseudo- pseŭdoscienco = pseudoscience pseŭdonomo = pseudonym
retro- backward retroiri = to retire, withdraw, retreat retrorigardi = to look back
Official Suffixes:
-aĉ- scorn, disparagement, contemptible, disgusting, bad kind domaĉo = hovel, shack, shanty skribaĉi = to scrawl infanaĉo = brat virinaĉo = hag ĉevalaĉo = sorry nag veteraĉo = filthy weather aĉulo = creep, thug aĉaĵo = abomination
-ad- frequent, repetitive, or habitual action, prolonged action, continuation of action naĝado = swimming pafado = shooting kuirado = cooking agadi = to act agado = action, activity movado = movement parolado = a speach kuradi = to keep on running
-aĵ- thing (concrete idea), a concrete manifestation of an abstraction, the external manifestation of an activity, a characteristic piece of behaviour, the flesh of an animal, product, dish kokinaĵo, kokidaĵo = chicken ĝentilaĵo = polite, courteous act manĝaĵo = food infanaĵo = a childish act dolĉaĵoj = sweets, candies sendaĵo = shipment, thing sent verdaĵo = greenery, something green fragaĵo = strawberry jam pakaĵo = package, thing packed sekaĵoj = dry goods bovaĵo = beef segaĵo = sawdust fluaĵo = liquid ŝafaĵo = mutton ovaĵo = scrambled eggs aĵo = a thing, object Esperantaĵoj = publications or other collectibles related to Esperanto
-an- member (of a group), inhabitant (of a place or country), partisan, participant, adherent ano = member klubano = club member kursano = a course participant kongresano = congressman, delegate vilaĝano = villager urbanoj = townspeople nederlandano = dutchman londonano = londoner amerikanoj = americans kristano = christian
-ar- collective, group, set, a collection of like things arbaro = forest, woods anaro = members' body vortaro = dictionary libraro = library aŭdantaro = audience homaro = mankind aro = collection, set
-ĉj- pet-name (masculine) [truncation of root optional] paĉjo = daddy Joĉjo = Johnny, Joe Tomĉjo = Tom, Tommy
-ebl- -able, -ible, possibility legebla = legible portebla = portable videbla = visible manĝebla = edible kredebla = credible, believable kredeble = possibly, probably eble = perhaps ebla = possible ebleco = possibility
-ec- quality, abstract idea, -ness, -ship blankeco = whiteness rapideco = speed silkeca = silky amikeco = friendship klareco = clearness profesoreco = professorship moleco = softness malmoleco = hardness eco = quality
-eg- augmentative, great size, intense degree bonega = excellent petegi = to beseech, to implore domego = mansion ridegi = to guffaw varmega = hot ega = great ege = very
-ej- place alloted to or characterized by, space lernejo = school kuirejo = kitchen loĝejo = apartment vendejo = store herbejo = meadow hundejo = dog kennel preĝejo = temple, church ejo = place
-em- propensity, disposition, tendency babilema = loquacious parolema = talkative komprenema = understanding laborema = hard working, industrious ŝparema = thrifty mortema = mortal ludema = playful kredema = credulous kolerema = irascible suspektema = open to suspicion samseksema = homosexual malsamseksema = heterosexual ambaŭseksema = bisexusual ema = inclined, disposed, prone, apt malema = unwilling, reluctant eme = willingly, readily emo = tendency, inclination, disposition -end- to be -ed, which-must-be-done, necessity of action pagenda = payable, to be payed, due detruenda = to be destroyed solvenda = must be solved farenda = to be done, must be done
-er- item, unit, fragment, small particle of a whole, element panero = crumb ĉenero = link pluvero = raindrop monero = coin pulvero = dust particle fajrero = spark sablero = grain of sand diserigi = to split up, grind down ero = element, particle, part
-estr- leader, ruler, head, chief estro = chief estri = to govern, direct, lead ŝtatestro = head of state guberniestro = state governor staciestro = station master urbestro = mayor regnestro = ruler lernejestro = head-master, principal, school director ŝipestro = capitain, ship's master
-et- diminutive dormeti = to doze, to slumber libreto = booklet lageto = pond dometo = cottage varmeta = luke-warm rideti = to smile eta = small, minimal
-id- offspring, the descendant of, the young of an animal ido = child, infant, descendant, scion idoj = progeny izraelido = israelite reĝido = prince hundido = puppy katido = kitten ĉevalido = colt bovido = calf kokido = chick
-ig- to make, to render,to cause, to bring about purigi = to clean, to purify ebligi = to make possible mortigi = to kill plenigi = to fill blankigi = to whiten ruinigi = to ruin bruligi = to burn something (tr) timigi = to frighten plibonigi = to improve something (tr) lumigi = to put on the light bindigi = to have bound starigi = to stand (tr) sciigi = to let know, to inform igi = to make someone or to cause something to be
-iĝ- causative, to become, get, action of becoming edziĝi = to get married (to become a husband) edziniĝi = to get married (to become a wife) naskiĝi = to be born ruĝiĝi = to blush blankiĝi = to grow white, whiten pliboniĝi = to improve (intr) sidiĝi = to sit down, to become seated moviĝi = to move of itself enlitiĝi = to get into bed ruliĝi = to roll (intr) sciiĝi = to get to know, become aware iĝi = to become by self
-il- instrument, means, tool, implement ilo = tool hakilo = axe ŝlosilo = key kudrilo = needle tranĉilo = knife razilo = razor flugilo = wing montrilo = pointer, arrow
-in- female, feminine virino = woman patrino = mother, reĝino = queen fratino = sister onklino = aunt ĉevalino = mare kokino = hen ino = female
-ind- worthiness, worthy to be -ed, worth -ing laŭdinda = praiseworthy admirinda = worthy of admiration, admirable aminda = lovable, worthy of love memorinda = memorable vidinda = worth seeing vizitinda = worth a trip inda = worthy -ing- holder, socket, s heath (for one object) glavingo = scabbard plumingo = penholder kandelingo = candlestick
-ist- person habitually occupied or concerned with something, professional or enthusiastic amateur, adherent, partisan instruisto = teacher artisto = artist pentristo = painter policisto = policeman maŝinisto = machinist biciklisto = cyclist maristo = sailor ŝuisto = shoemaker drogisto = druggist marksisto = marxist Esperantisto = Esperantist
-nj- pet-name (feminine) [truncation of root optional] panjo = mommy Manjo = Mary Nenjo = Nellie
-obl- multiple unuobla = single duobla = double, twofold trioble = triply, three times kvaroble = fourfold, quadruply dekduoble = twelve times dudekoble = twenty times centoble = a hundredfold multobligi, obligi = to multiply
-on- fraction duono = half duonigi = to halve sesono = sixth centono = a hundredth part
-op- collective unuope = one by one, singly duope = two by two, in twos kvaropo = quartet kvarope = four abreast, by fours centope = by hundreds, a hundred at a time
-uj- (1) container, receptacle monujo = purse inkujo = inkstand ujo = generic container (2) land, country Anglujo = England Esperantujo = Esperanto-land (everywhere where Esperanto is spoken)
(3) tree or bush, bearing fruit pomujo = apple tree pirujo = pear-tree plumujo = plum-tree vinberujo = vine
Note: usages of -uj- (2) and (3) are becoming archaic/outdated
-ul- person (possesing a certain quality), characterized by junulo = youth, young man belulino = beauty bravulo = brave man blindulo = blind person surdulo = deaf person mutulo = mute person riĉulo = rich man drinkulo = drunkard saĝulo = wise man, sage samseksemulo = homosexual, gay kunulo = companion fremdulo = stranger ulo = person, individual
-um- indefinite relation malvarmumi = to catch cold plenumi = to fulfil tendumi = to camp literumi = to spell okulumi = to ogle foliumi = to browse, to glance (through a book) kolumo = collar manumo = wrist band plandumo = sole (of shoe) ventumi = to fan ventumilo = a fan aerumi = to ventilate komunumo = community krucumi = to crucify amikumi = to be friends Esperantumi = to use Esperanto (and to enjoy it)
Unofficial Suffixes:
-i- country Francio = France Britio = Great Britain Bulgario = Bulgaria Meksikio = Mexico
-ism- -ism, theory, system, characteristic behaviour, pattern platonismo = platonism protektismo = protectionism alkoholismo = alcoholism magnetismo = magnetism fetiĉismo = fetishism anglismo = anglicism