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How Do Young Children Acquire Case Marking?

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How Do Young Children Acquire Case Marking? INVESTIGATING FINNISH-SPEAKING CHILDREN’S NOUN MORPHOLOGY: HOW DO YOUNG CHILDREN ACQUIRE CASE MARKING? Thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in the Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences 2015 HENNA PAULIINA LEMETYINEN SCHOOL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2 Table of Contents LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................... 7 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. 8 DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................... 9 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT .......................................................................................................... 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... 10 Chapter 1: General introduction to language acquisition research ...................................... 11 1.1. Generativist approaches to child language............................................................ 11 1.2. Usage-based approaches to child language........................................................... 14 1.3. The acquisition of morphology .............................................................................. 20 2. The English past tense debate ................................................................................... 25 3. The Competition Model ............................................................................................. 29 4. Finnish ........................................................................................................................ 34 5. Overview of the thesis ............................................................................................... 35 References ......................................................................................................................... 38 Rationale for Study 1.............................................................................................................. 48 Chapter 2: Investigating a Finnish child’s noun morphology acquisition: Productivity ......... 49 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 49 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 50 1.1. Generativist approaches to productivity ............................................................... 50 1.2. Usage-based approaches ....................................................................................... 52 1.3. Issues with defining and measuring productivity .................................................. 55 1.4. Most recent measures of productivity .................................................................. 58 1.5. Earlier naturalistic studies on child Finnish ........................................................... 61 1.6. The aim of the study .............................................................................................. 65 2. Method ...................................................................................................................... 67 2.1. Participants ........................................................................................................ 67 2.2. Procedure ........................................................................................................... 67 2.3. Transcription and coding ................................................................................... 68 3. Results ........................................................................................................................ 70 4. Discussion ................................................................................................................... 73 References ............................................................................................................................. 78 Rationale for Study 2.............................................................................................................. 83 3 Chapter 3: Naturalistic study 2: Case marking errors ............................................................ 84 Abstract .............................................................................................................................. 84 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................... 85 1.1. The aim and the research questions of the study ............................................. 95 2. Methods ..................................................................................................................... 99 2.1. Participants and data coding.............................................................................. 99 2.2. Procedure ......................................................................................................... 100 3. Results ...................................................................................................................... 101 4. Discussion ................................................................................................................. 107 References ........................................................................................................................... 116 Rationale for Study 3............................................................................................................ 121 Chapter 4: How do Finnish children comprehend word order and case marking cues in transitive sentences with novel verbs?................................................................................ 122 Abstract ............................................................................................................................ 122 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................. 123 2. Study 1: Word order and case marking in Finnish child-directed speech ............... 133 2.1. Method ................................................................................................................ 134 2.2. Results and discussion ......................................................................................... 136 3. Study 2: Comprehension experiment ...................................................................... 140 3.1. Method ................................................................................................................ 140 3.1.1. Participants .................................................................................................. 140 3.1.2. Materials ...................................................................................................... 140 3.1.3. Design ........................................................................................................... 142 3.1.4. Procedure ..................................................................................................... 144 3.1.4.1. Part one .................................................................................................... 144 3.1.4.2. Part two .................................................................................................... 147 4. Results ...................................................................................................................... 148 5. Discussion ................................................................................................................. 154 6. Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 164 Chapter 5: General discussion ............................................................................................. 170 1. Theoretical issues ..................................................................................................... 173 2. Methodological issues ............................................................................................. 178 3. Implications for future research .............................................................................. 181 4. Conclusion ................................................................................................................ 187 4 References ........................................................................................................................... 189 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... 194 APPENDIX A. Recording guidelines for the parents for Studies 1 and 2. ............................. 195 APPENDIX B. Complete set of test sentences used in Study 3. The sentences are translated from Finnish to English. ....................................................................................................... 197 APPENDIX C. Information sheet for parents for Studies 1 and 2. ........................................ 198 APPENDIX D. Information sheet for parents for Study 3 ..................................................... 200 WORD COUNT: 47,416 5 LIST OF TABLES Page 62 - Table 2.1. The Finnish noun case marking system. Page 70
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